DESIGN OF PIER

Two Lane Bridge

8.600 m
0.200 m

0.200 m
1.450 m
AHFL = 735.654 m

0.93 m
0.300 m
0.350 m

0.650 m

738.029 m

736.58

Slab+WC

8.90m

735.654 m
A1
735.00 m
A2

5.900 m

6.920 m

7.573 m

8.073 m

7.573 m
6.923 m
CBL = 728.081 m
0.000 m
Pier Bottom Level

728.081

1.000 m
7.900 m
0.000 m

727.831 m 0.500 m
727.581 m Foundation Level

0.250 m
0.250 m

727.431 m

0.150 m
7.900 m

M10

5.900 m
5.300 m

0.300 m

0.600 m

1.100 m
8.900 m
0.300 m
0.350 m

A1
A2
5.900 m

5.900 m
0.600 m

CBL
1.500 m

soil FILL
1.500 m

0.000 m
7.900 m

3.600 m
0.250 m

727.831 m

0.500 m
0.000 m

0.250 m
727.581 m
0.150 m

7.900 m
3.600 m

As per IS 456 CL.25.1.2,

A compression member may be considered as short
when both the slenderness ratios ly/b are less than 12
Height of pier= L =
l=
Effective Heigh = 1.2 x L
b=
Width of member
Accordingly, Slenderness Ratio = l/b =
Hence design as Short column

6.920 m
8.304 m
1.10m
7.55 <12

728.081 m

DATA :
CANAL PARTICULARS
DISCHARGE (DESIGNED)
BED WIDTH
FULL SUPPLY DEPTH
SIDE SLOPES INNER
Outer To Outer
Bed Fall
Velocity
Rugosity Coefficient (N)
Free Board

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

44.81
2.75m
3.273m
2.0:1
2.0:1
1: 3000
1.47
0.018
1.000 m
728.081 m
735.654 m

DATA :
SINGLE LANE BRIDGE PARTICULARS
Bottom Lvl Of Slab
=
=
Depth of deck slab
=
Thickness of wearing coat
Top Of Deck Slab
=
Pier Bottom Level
=
Foundation Level
=
Carriage Way Width
=
Effective span
=
C/C Of Piers And Abutment
=
Density Of Concrete.
=
Density Of M10 Bed Concrete.
Top Length Of Pier Cap
=
Bottom Length Of Pier Cap
=
Width Of Pier Cap
=
Straight Thickness Of Pier Cap
=
Tapering Thickness Of Pier Cap
=
Overall Length Of Pier
=
R.L Of Top Of Deck Slab
=
R.L Of Top Of Pier
=
R.L Of Pier At Bottom of pier cap
=
=
R.L Of Pier Bottom Lvel
=
R.L Of Bottom Of Foundation

735.654 m
0.575 m
0.075 m
736.304 m
728.081 m
727.581 m
8.600 m
10.370 m
10.910 m
2.5 t/cum
2.4 t/cum
8.900 m
5.900 m
1.100 m
0.300 m
0.350 m
5.900 m
736.579 m
736.579 m
735.004 m
728.081 m
727.581 m

C.B.L
Aflux high flood Level (AHFL)

PIER DESIGN
DEAD LOAD OF SLB
LIVE LOAD REACTION ON PIER(Class
"A" Loading with impact)
BREAKING FORCE (20% of Live Load)

206.742 t

=
=

93.787 t
18.757 t

BRAKING FORCE ON PIER(50% of

Breaking force)

9.379 t

1) Dead Load Of Super Structure

2) Live Load Reaction On Pier

=
=

206.742 t
93.787 t

Cumec
0

m/s

(Refer: IRC- 6-2014 Cl. 211.2(a)

3) DEAD LOAD OF SUB STRUCTURE

A) Pier Cap
Rectangular Potion
A1

Trapezoidal Portion
PIER SECTION UPTO SILL LEVEL

=
=

=
=
=
=

FOOTING SECTION(1)

=
=
=

FOOTING SECTION (2)

=
=
=

FOOTING Bed M10

=
=
=
=

SUMMURY OF LOADS
1.DEAD LOAD OF SUPER STRUCTURE
2.LIVE LOAD ON SUPER STRUCTURE
TOTAL
a) UPTO SILL LEVEL
2.i)BED BLOCK RECTANGULAR
2.ii)TRAPEZOIDAL PORTION
3.)PIER SECTOIN
Total
TOTAL LOADS UPTO SILL LEVEL WITHOUT LL
TOTAL LOADS UPTO SILL LEVEL WITH LL
b) UPTO FOUNDING LEVEL
1.FOOTING ABOVE SECTION
2.FOOTING BELOW SECTION
3. BED CONCRETE (M10) BELOW FOOTING SECTION
Total

8.9 x 1.1 x 0.3

2.937
cum
2.937 x 2.5
7.343 t
8.9 x (1.1+0.6)/2 *0.35*2.5
2.570 t
(area of circle x6.92) + (0.6x5.3x6.92)
((PI() x0.6^2/4)x6.92)+(0.6x5.3x6.92)))
23.960 cum
23.96 x 2.5
59.900 t
3.6 x 0.25 x 7.9
7.110 cum
7.11 x 2.5
17.775 t
0.25 x 3.6 x 7.9
7.110 cum
7.11 x 2.5
17.775 t
0.15 x 3.6 x 7.9
4.266 cum
4.27 x 2.4
10.238 t
15%
100%
NO
BOUYANC BOUYANC
BOUYANCY
Y
Y
206.742
93.787
300.528

206.742
93.787
300.528

206.742
93.787
300.528

7.343
2.570
59.900
69.812
276.554
370.340

7.343
2.570
56.306
66.218
272.960
366.746

7.343
2.570
35.940
45.852
252.594
346.380

17.775
17.775
10.238
45.788

16.709
16.709
23.036
56.453

10.665
10.665
14.334
35.664

TOTAL LOADS UPTO FOUNDING LEVEL WITHOUT LL

TOTAL LOADS UPTO FOUNDING LEVEL WITH LL

322.342
416.129

329.413
423.200

288.258
382.044

MOMENTS
1) DUE TO BRAKING FORCE
(Refer:IRC:6-2010; Cl: 211.2a; Pg: 33)
MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL
=
(9.38 x( 736.58+1.2-728.081))
728.081M
90.954 t-m
=
MOMENT AT 727.831M
(9.38 x( 736.58+1.2-727.831))
93.299 t-m
MOMENT AT 727.581M
(9.38 x( 736.58+1.2-727.581))
95.643 t-m
MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M
=
9.38 x( 736.58+1.2-727.4312)
97.050 t-m
=
2) DUE TO LIVE LOAD ECCENTRICITY
C G Of Vehicle To C G Of C/W
0.7
Center of support length To Pier Center
0.28
Transverse Direction = 93.79(LL) x 0.7
65.651 t-m
=
Longitudinal Direction = 93.79(LL) x 0.28
93.79 x 0.28
26.260 t-m
=
3) WIND LOADS
A). SUPER STRUCTURE
Velocity (m/s)
Hourly mean wind speed and pressure at location of bridge =
27.80 m/s
Hourly mean Basic wind speed and pressure =
33.000 m/s
Reference : cl.209.2/ Notes no.3 of IRC-6:2010
ratio =
0.710 (from table-4)
Hourly mean Basic wind speed and pressure at 6.920 m
height = 46.370 m
Corresponding Hourly mean wind speed and pressure at location of bridge( P z )= 46.37 x 0.71
( refer cl 209.3.3 of IRC-6:2014, page -27)
Transverse Wind Force FT =
PZ x A1 x G x CD

2
32.908 kg/m

A1 = Solid area in normal projected elevation

m2
25.911
(0.925+1.45)x10.91
G = Gust Factor
G= 2
CD = Drag co-efficient depending upon the shape of bridge deck
CD = 1.100
Transverse Wind Force FT = 32.9 x 25.91 x 2 x 1.1
1875.901 kg
Transverse Wind Force FT = 1.880 t
say 1.900 t
MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M
Leverarm
Transverse moment
MOMENT AT 727.581M
Leverarm
Transverse moment
MOMENT AT 727.831M
Leverarm

=
=

=
=

( refer cl 209.3.3 of IRC-6:2014, page -31)

((1.45 +0.925 )/2) + 0.65 +6.92 +0.25+0.25+0.15

9.408
9.41 x1.9
17.874 t-m
((1.45 +0.925 )/2 )+ 0.65 +6.92 +0.25+0.25
9.26
9.26 x1.9
17.589 t-m
((1.45 +0.925 )/2) + 0.65 +6.92 +0.25
9.01

Transverse moment

9.01 x1.9
17.114 t-m

MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL 728.081M

Leverarm
=
Transverse moment

((1.45 +0.925 )/2)+ 0.65 +6.92

8.758
8.76 x1.9
16.639 t-m

Longitudinal Wind Force on super structure at 25 % of transverse wind force

MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M
Longitudinal Force
=
=
Longitudinal moment
=
MOMENT AT 605.068M
Longitudinal Force
Longitudinal moment
MOMENT AT 605.368M
Longitudinal Force
Longitudinal moment

1.9 x ( 25/100 )
0.475
9.41 x0.48
4.469 t-m

=
=
=

1.9 x ( 25/100 )
0.475
9.26 x0.48
4.397 t-m

=
=
=

1.9 x ( 25/100 )
0.475
9.01 x0.48
4.279 t-m

MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL 728.081M

Longitudinal Force
=
=
Longitudinal moment
=

Down ward vertical wind load Fv

1.9 x ( 25/100 )
0.475
8.76 x0.48
4.160 t-m
PZ x A3 x G x CL

( refer cl 209.3.5 of IRC-6:2010, page -28)

A1 = Area in Plan=
G = Gust Factor =
CL = Lift co-efficient
CL = 0.75

8.9x10.91
2

Down ward vertical wind load Fv

Down ward vertical wind load Fv = 32.91 x (8.9 x10.91) x2 x 0.75

4792.971 kg
4.793 t
The bridges shall not be considered to be carrying any live load when wind speed exceeds 36 m/s
( refer cl 209.3.7 of IRC-6:2010, page -28)
B). SUBSTRUCTURE
Transverse Wind Force FT = PZ x A1 x G x CD
A1 =
A1 =
G=
G=
CD =

Solid area in normal projected elevation

4.54 mm
Gust Factor
2
Drag co-efficient depending upon the shape of Sub structure

CD from (Table-5 of IRC 6-2010) = 1.700

CD = 1.700

2
97.099 m

H/B = 13.700
t/b = 0.102

Transverse Wind Force FT =

400.300 kg

Transverse Wind Force FT = 0.410 t

(Refer cl 209.3.3 of IRC-6:2014, pg-31)

MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M

Leverarm
=
Transverse moment
MOMENT AT 605.068M
Leverarm

Transverse moment
MOMENT AT 605.368M
Leverarm

Transverse moment
=
MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL 728.081M
Leverarm
=
Transverse moment

(0.65 + 6.92 + 0.25+0.25+0.15)

8.220 m
3.370 tm
(0.65 + 6.92 + 0.25+0.25)
8.070 m
3.309 tm
(0.65 + 6.92 + 0.25)
7.820 m
3.206 tm
(0.65 + 6.92)
7.570 m
3.104 tm

Longitudinal Wind Force on super structure at 25 % of transverse wind force

i.e
0.14*25/100 =
0.035
MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M
Longitudinal Force
=
0.1025
Longitudinal moment
=
0.1 x 8.22
0.843 t-m
MOMENT AT 605.068M
Longitudinal Force
=
0.1025
Longitudinal moment
=
0.1 x 8.07
0.827 t-m
MOMENT AT 605.368M
Longitudinal Force
=
0.1025
Longitudinal moment
=
0.1 x 7.82
0.802 t-m
MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL 728.081M
Longitudinal Force
=
0.1025
Longitudinal moment
=
0.1 x 7.57
0.776 t-m

Lever arm
Transverse moment
Longitudinal moment

At foundation
8.220 m

AT 605.068M

@ 605.368M At Pier Bottom

8.070 m

7.820 m

3.370 t-m
0.843 t-m

3.309 t-m
0.827 t-m

3.206 t-m 3.104 t-m

0.802 t-m 0.776 t-m

7.570 m

Total Wind Loads at base with out Live Load

Level at
605.768
605.368
605.068
604.768

4) Water Currents

Vertical force t
4.793
4.793
4.793
4.793

Force Hzl. - X in t
0.578
0.578
0.578
0.578

Hzl. - Z in t
2.310
2.310
2.310
2.310

ML in tm
4.936
5.080
5.224
5.311

MT in tm At sill level
19.743 t-m
20.320 t-m
20.898 t-m
21.244 t-m at foundation level

P = 52KV
Where,
V = Velocity (m/s)
= 1.470
K = Constant
= 0.660
MOMENT AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL 728.081M
P = 74.16 Kg/Sqm

MOMENT AT 605.368M
MOMENT AT 605.068M
MOMENT AT FOUNDATION LEVEL 727.431M

(Refer IRC 6-2014; Cl:210.2; Pg:34)

7.573 m
7.823 m
8.073 m
8.223 m

0.56
0.58
0.6
0.61

t-m
t-m
t-m
t-m

Since, the pressure due to water current is very low, force due to water current shall be neglected

SUMMURY OF MOMENTS

AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL728.081

AT 727.831 LEVEL

AT 727.581 LEVEL

1. Dead Load Eccentricity

ML
0.000

MT
0.000

ML
0.000

MT
0.000

ML
0.000

MT
0.000

2.Temp And Shrinkage

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

1.121

0.000

3.Water Current Force

4.Floating Debris

0.000
0.000

0.560
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.580
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.600
0.000

5.Braking Force

90.954

0.000

93.299

0.000

95.643

0.000

6.Live Load Eccentricity

26.260
0.000
117.214
4.936
4.936
122.150

65.651
0.560
66.211
19.743
20.303
85.954

26.260
0.000
119.559
5.080
5.080
124.639

65.651
0.580
66.231
20.320
20.900
86.551

26.260
1.121
123.025
5.224
6.346
128.249

65.651
0.600
66.251
20.898
21.498
87.149

Total Moments Without LL

Total Moments With LL
6.Moment Due To Wind
Total Moment Without LL
Total Moment With LL

276.554
370.340

Total Load At Pier Bottom Without LL

Total Load At Pier Bottom With LL
Total Load At Foundation Without LL
Total Load At Foundation With LL

SECTIONAL PROPERTIES
AREA
(Sqm)
SECTION MODULUS (Cum)
In Longitudinal Direction
In Transverse Direction

PIER BOTTOM
3.823

FOUNDING
28.440

0.354
3.481

17.064
37.446

WITHOUT BUOYANCY
FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL
Without Wind
With Wind

15% BUOYANCY

No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
72.344
96.878
72.344
96.878

t/sqm
0.000
331.114
13.943
345.057

t/sqm
0.161
19.021
5.833
24.692

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
72.505
447.013
92.120
466.627

MIN.
72.183
-253.256
52.569
-272.871

FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL

Without Wind
With Wind

No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
71.404
95.938
71.404
95.938

t/sqm
0.000
331.114
13.943
345.057

t/sqm
0.161
19.021
5.833
24.692

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
66.077
90.610
66.077
90.610

t/sqm
0.000
331.114
13.943
345.057

t/sqm
0.161
19.021
5.833
24.692

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
71.565
446.073
91.179
465.687

MIN.
71.243
-254.197
51.629
-273.811

100% BUOYANCY
FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT PIER BOTTOM LEVEL
Without Wind
With Wind
As per
IRC-21 -2000COMPRESSIVE
Table-9 & 11
MAX
PERMISSBLE
STRESSES
IN CONCRETE
MAX PERMISSBLE
TENSILE
STRESSES IN CONCRETE

No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL
- M20
- M20

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
66.237
440.745
85.852
460.359

667.000
Safe
-53.000
Unsafe
Hence pier is to be designed as RCC Pier.

As per IRC-78 -2000 CL.706.1.2

"The permissible increase in stresses in the various members will be 33() per cent for the
the combination
of wind"
MAX PERMISSBLE
COMPRESSIVE
STRESSES IN CONCRETE
- M 20
667.000 x 1.33 =
889.311
MAX PERMISSBLE TENSILE
STRESSES IN CONCRETE

- M 20

MIN.
65.916
-259.524
46.301
-279.139

-53.000 x 1.33 =

Safe

-70.665

Unsafe

Hence pier is to be design as RCC Pier.

WITHOUT BUOYANCY
FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT FL
Without Wind
With Wind

No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
11.334
14.632
11.334
14.632

t/sqm
0.000
7.226
0.311
7.538

t/sqm
0.016
1.769
0.584
2.337

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
11.583
14.880
11.583
14.880

t/sqm
0.000
7.226
0.311
7.538

t/sqm
0.016
1.769
0.584
2.337

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
11.350
23.628
12.229
24.506

MIN.
11.318
5.636
10.439
4.757

15% BUOYANCY
FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT FL
Without Wind
With Wind

No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
11.599
23.876
12.478
24.755

MIN.
11.566
5.885
10.688
5.006

100% BUOYANCY
FINAL STRESSES IN CONCRETE AT FL
No LL
With LL
No LL
With LL

Without Wind
With Wind

P/A

ML/ZL

MT/ZT

t/sqm
10.136
13.433
10.136
13.433

t/sqm
0.000
7.226
0.311
7.538

t/sqm
0.016
1.769
0.584
2.337

STRESSES (t/sqm)
Max
10.152
22.429
11.031
23.308

MIN.
10.119
4.437
9.241
3.559

NET SBC WITHOUT WIND LOAD

40.000
Safe
As per IRC-78 -2000 CL.706.1.2
"The permissible increase in stresses in the various members will be 33() per cent for the
the combination of wind"
40.000 x 1.33 =
53.3 t/m2
Safe
Design of PCC footing at Earth side
Maximum Base Pressure

Modulus of section (Z)

Moment Due to cantilever M = (Wl^2/2)

(0.25) ^2 x 1/6

0.010 m3
24.75 x0 ^2 x 1/2
0.000 tm

=
M
Z

24.755 t/m2

0.000
0.010

As per IRC-21 -2000 Table-9 & 11

MAX PERMISSBLE TENSILE STRESSES IN CONCRETE

0.000

- M20
-53.0 t/m2
Hence Footing is to be design as RCC.

RCC FOOTING for PIER

Data
Grade of concrete =
m=
sbc =
Permissible stress in steel =
k=
j=
Q=

M20
14
6.67Mpa
240.0Mpa
0.28
0.91
0.85

Pressure due to DL AND LL =

24.75

Resultant =

24.75 t/m2

24.75

FLEXURE DESIGN
Bending Moment =
Effective Depth required =
Effective Depth Provided =
Ast Required =
Astmin =

12.38
382.49
417
1364.35
500.4

t-m
mm
Hence, OK
mm2

PROVIDE TOR 16 dia @ 140c/c

>
Ast Provided = 1436.15664

Distribution reinforcement
Ast minimum
dia of bar
Spacing

Clear Cover = 75

mm2

1364.35

=
600.0mm2
=
16
HOWEVER PROVIDE TOR 16 dia @ 335c/c

Hence OK

t/m

Safe