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Basics of Control System

The document introduces control systems, providing three key points: 1) A control system uses interconnected components to achieve a desired purpose, as seen in early examples using feedback principles still used today. 2) Modern control engineering applies strategies to manufacturing, energy efficiency, automobiles and rapid transit. 3) The introduction defines key terms like system, control system, process, open-loop and closed-loop control, and multivariable systems.

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Jily Toomis
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
469 views

Basics of Control System

The document introduces control systems, providing three key points: 1) A control system uses interconnected components to achieve a desired purpose, as seen in early examples using feedback principles still used today. 2) Modern control engineering applies strategies to manufacturing, energy efficiency, automobiles and rapid transit. 3) The introduction defines key terms like system, control system, process, open-loop and closed-loop control, and multivariable systems.

Uploaded by

Jily Toomis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Control Systems

Objectives
A control system consisting of interconnected components is designed to achieve a
desired purpose. To understand the purpose of a control system, it is useful to
examine examples of control systems through the course of history. These early
systems incorporated many of the same ideas of feedback that are in use today.
Modern control engineering practice includes the use of control design strategies for
improving manufacturing processes, the efficiency of energy use, advanced
automobile control, including rapid transit, among others.

Illustrations

Introduction

System An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.

Control System An interconnection of components forming a system


configuration that will provide a desired response.

Process The device, plant, or system


under control. The input and output
relationship represents the cause-andeffect relationship of the process.

Illustrations

Introduction
Open-Loop Control Systems
utilize a controller or control
actuator to obtain the desired
response.

Closed-Loop Control
Systems utilizes feedback to
compare the actual output to
the desired output response.

Multivariable Control System

Illustrations

History
Greece (BC) Float regulator mechanism
Holland (16th Century) Temperature regulator

Watts Flyball Governor


(18th century)
Illustrations

History
Water-level float regulator

Illustrations

History

Illustrations

History
18th Century James Watts centrifugal governor for the speed control of a steam
engine.

1920s Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships.


1930s Nyquist developed a method for analyzing the stability of controlled systems
1940s Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear closed-loop
control systems
1950s Root-locus method due to Evans was fully developed
1960s State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control and
1980s Learning controls are begun to investigated and developed.

Present and on-going research fields. Recent application of modern control theory
includes such non-engineering systems such as biological, biomedical, economic and
socio-economic systems
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Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

(a) Automobile
steering control
system.
(b) The driver uses
the difference
between the actual
and the desired
direction of travel
to generate a
controlled adjustment
of the steering wheel.
(c) Typical directionof-travel response.

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Examples of Modern Control Systems

Illustrations

Control System Design

Illustrations

Illustrations

Design Example
ELECTRIC SHIP CONCEPT
Vision
Integrated
Power
System

All
Electric
Ship

Electrically
Reconfigurable
Ship
Technology
Insertion
Warfighting
Capabilities

Reduced manning
Electric Drive
Automation
Reduce # of Prime
Eliminate auxiliary
Movers
systems (steam,
Fuel savings
hydraulics, compressed
Reduced maintenance air)

Increasing Affordability and Military Capability

Main Power
Distribution

Propulsion
Motor

Motor
Drive

Power
Conversion
Module

Illustrations

Generator

Ship
Service
Power

Prime
Mover

Design Example

Illustrations

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