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Igital Ontrol Ystems: Dr. Umar Khan National University FAST, Islamabad

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Igital Ontrol Ystems: Dr. Umar Khan National University FAST, Islamabad

lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl vljs vsj vks vjks kj dksj dskj d lknol vlksj vl v

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DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

Dr. Umar Khan


National University FAST, Islamabad
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

THE OBJECTIVE
A control system consisting of interconnected components is designed to
achieve a desired purpose.
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

THE OBJECTIVE
A control system consisting of interconnected components is designed to
achieve a desired purpose.

… but why?
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

because they are every where….


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

because they are every where….


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

because they are every where….

- requires accurate rotary positioning of head

- requires accurate speed control of media


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

because they are every where….


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

because they are every where….


INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS

System – An interconnection of elements and devices for a desired purpose.

Control System – An interconnection of components forming a system configuration


that will provide a desired response.

Process – The device, plant, or system


under control. The input and output
relationship represents the cause-and-
effect relationship of the process.
INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open-Loop Control Systems
utilize a controller or control
actuator to obtain the desired
response.

Closed-Loop Control Systems


utilizes feedback to compare
the actual output to the
desired output response.

Multivariable Control System


CONTROL SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
HUMAN IN THE LOOP?
HUMAN IN THE LOOP?
(a) Automobile
steering control
system.
(b) The driver uses
the difference
between the actual
and the desired
direction of travel
to generate a
controlled adjustment
of the steering wheel.
(c) Typical direction-
of-travel response.
HUMAN IN THE LOOP?
HISTORY
Greece (BC) – Float regulator mechanism
Holland (16th Century)– Temperature regulator

Watt’s Flyball Governor


(18th century)
HISTORY
18th Century James Watt’s centrifugal governor for the speed control of a steam
engine.
1920s Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships.
1930s Nyquist developed a method for analyzing the stability of controlled systems
1940s Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear closed-loop
control systems
1950s Root-locus method due to Evans was fully developed
1960s State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control and
1980s Learning controls are begun to investigated and developed.
Present and on-going research fields. Recent application of modern control theory
includes such non-engineering systems such as biological, biomedical, economic and
socio-economic systems
HISTORY
18th Century James Watt’s centrifugal governor for the speed control of a steam
engine.
1920s Minorsky worked on automatic controllers for steering ships.
1930s Nyquist developed a method for analyzing the stability of controlled systems
1940s Frequency response methods made it possible to design linear closed-loop
control systems
1950s Root-locus method due to Evans was fully developed
1960s State space methods, optimal control, adaptive control and
1980s Learning controls are begun to investigated and developed.
Present and on-going research fields. Recent application of modern control theory
includes such non-engineering systems such as biological, biomedical, economic and
socio-economic systems
CONTROLS IN BIO-MEDICAL SYSTEMS
CONTROL DESIGN PROCEDURE
WHAT IF THE PROCESS VARIES?
ADAPTIVE CONTROL
ADAPTIVE CONTROL
IF THE PROCESS IS NOT EXACTLY KNOWN?
IF THE PROCESS IS NOT EXACTLY KNOWN?
ROBUST CONTROL
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
THE PROCESS CAN BE MULTIVARIABLE
LINEARITY IS NOT GUARANTEED
LINEARITY IS NOT GUARANTEED
LINEARITY IS NOT GUARANTEED
MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES?
OPTIMAL CONTROL
DC MOTOR EXAMPLE
OPTIMAL CONTROL
DC MOTOR EXAMPLE
OPTIMAL CONTROL
A MANUFACTURING PLANT

A FANUC industrial setup.


… so how to
implement the
controller?
ANALOG IMPLEMENTATION
ANALOG IMPLEMENTATION
DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
THE DIGITAL LANDSCAPE
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
DIGITIZATION
DIGITIZATION
ZERO ORDER HOLD
THE Z-TRANSFORM
THE Z-TRANSFORM
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
PID DIGITAL IMPLEMENTATION
Questions?

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