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Intro To Control Systems

This document provides an introduction and outline for the course ECE 3151 - Control Systems at the University of Minnesota Duluth in Spring 2010. It covers key topics like [1] the history of control systems from prior to WWII to recent times, [2] basic terms and concepts in control systems including open-loop and closed-loop control, and [3] examples of control systems like steering a car and fluid level regulation. The course will examine control system design processes and applications over several examples.

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Adonis Nicolas
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views

Intro To Control Systems

This document provides an introduction and outline for the course ECE 3151 - Control Systems at the University of Minnesota Duluth in Spring 2010. It covers key topics like [1] the history of control systems from prior to WWII to recent times, [2] basic terms and concepts in control systems including open-loop and closed-loop control, and [3] examples of control systems like steering a car and fluid level regulation. The course will examine control system design processes and applications over several examples.

Uploaded by

Adonis Nicolas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE 3151 - Spring 2010

Introduction to Control Systems

Prof. Marian S. Stachowicz


Laboratory for Intelligent Systems
ECE Department, University of Minnesota
Duluth

January 19 - 21, 2010


Outline

1.1 Introduction
1.2 References for Reading
1.3 History of Automatic Control
1.4 Terms and Concepts
1.5 The Control System Design Process
1.6 Applications
1.7 Three Examples of the Use of Feedback

Control Systems
Introduction
Control

• The word control is usually taken to


mean :
- regulate,
- direct,
- command.

Control Systems
Control and politicians

• Control is a sequence of decisions aimed


at the attainment of specified objectives
in an environment of uncertainty and
presence of disturbances.

Control Systems
Control system

• A control system is an arrangement of


physical components connected or
related in such a manner as to
command, direct, or regulate itself or
another system.

Control Systems
Control Systems
Input

• The input is the stimulus, excitation or


command applied to a control system.

• Typically from external energy source,


usually in order to produce a specified
response from the control system.

Control Systems
Output

• The output is the actual response


obtained from a control system.

• It may or may not be equal to specified


response implied by the input.

Control Systems
References for reading

2. R.C. Dorf and R.H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems,


10th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2008,
Chapter 1.1 - 1.10

2. J.J. DiStefano, A. R. Stubberud, I. J. Williams,


Feeedback and Control Systems, Schaum's Outline
Series, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1990
Chapters 1, 2

Control Systems
History of Automatic Control

Control Systems
Prior to World War II

A main impetus for the use of feedback in


the United States was the development of
the telephone system and electronic
feedback amplifiers by Bode, Nyquist,
and Black at Bell Telephone Laboratories.

Control Systems
Prior to World War II

The Russian theory tended to utilize a


time-domain formulation using differential
equations.

Control Systems
World War II

Design and construct:


• automatic airplane pilots,
• gun-positioning systems,
• radar antenna control systems.

Control Systems
Sputnik and space age

The time-domain methods developed


by Liapunov, Minorsky, and others
have met with great interest in the
last two decades.

Control Systems
Resent time

Recent theories of optimal control


developed by L.S. Pontryagin in the
former Soviet Union and R. Bellman
in the United States, and studies of
robust systems, have contributed to
the interest in time-domain methods.

Control Systems
Terms and Concepts

Control Systems
Control system

• A control system is an interconnection of


components forming a system configuration
that will provide a desired system response.

Control Systems
Two Types of Control Systems

• Open Loop • Closed Loop


– No feedback – Must have feedback
– Difficult to control – Must have sensor on
output with accuracy output
– Almost always negative
feedback

Control Systems
Open-loop control

An open-loop control system utilizes an


actuating device to control the process
directly without using feedback.

A common example of an open-loop


control system is an electric toaster in the
kitchen.

Control Systems
Control Systems
Closed-loop control

A closed-loop control system uses a


measurement of the output and feedback
of this signal to compare it with the
desired output.

Control Systems
Control Systems
A person steering an automobile by looking at
the auto’s location on the road and making the
appropriate adjustments.

Control Systems
Control Systems
Manual control system

Goal: Regulate the level of fluid by adjusting the output valve.

The input is a reference level of fluid and is memorized by operator.


The power amplifier is the operator.
The sensor is visual.
Operator compares the actual level with the desired level and opens
or closes the valve ( actuator).

Intelligent Control 26
The level of fluid in a tank control.

Intelligent Control 27
Multivariable control system

Control Systems
Control Systems

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