PROCEDURE GUIDES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF

GAS AT GAS PLANT, REFINERIES ETC.

INTRODUCTION.
This guide is issued pursuant to the provisions of section 7 (1) (a) of the Petroleum Act of 1960 and
Regulation 51 of the Petroleum (Drilling and Production) Regulations 1969.
It specifies requirement and gives recommendation for the selection design installation, validation
and maintenance of fiscal flow measurement station for gas.
PREFACE:
This guide applies to the fiscal measurements of gas, which are executed in the petroleum industry
and provides for the DPR supervision of the activities described in this guide.
This guideline is not itself legally binding and it shall not constitute an obstacle to choosing other
technical and operational solutions than those suggested in the guideline, provided documentation
are produced to show that the chosen solution fulfils the requirements of the procedure guide for the
system total uncertainty level.
When the guidelines refer to specific international standards, other standards with similar or more
stringent requirements for equipment or systems are not specifically mentioned, any mutually
agreed international standard might be used.
PURPOSE.
Fiscal gas metering systems are required for the purpose of achieving a consistent and cost effective
approach in gas fiscal metering or allocation and realising contractually agreed availability and
accuracy levels.
SECTION
The procedure guide is divided into Two Parts, Part one enumerates the general operational
requirements expected of a gas metering systems in the Nigerian Petroleum Industry while Part
Two enumerates the technical requirements for the design of the metering systems.

PART ONE.
CONTENT
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 DEFINITIONS
3.0 ABBREVIATIONS

4.0 CLASSES OF MEASUREMENT.

5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.0 COMPUTER PART
7.0 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
8.0 OPERATING RANGE OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
9.0 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
10.0 UNCERTAINTY
11.0 CALIBRATION
12.0 BY PASSING THE METERING SYSTEM.
16.0 GAS SAMPLER SYSTEMS
17.0 GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

1.0 SCOPE
This procedure guide describes the operational/functional requirements for gas measurement
systems. Furthermore, the standard provides criteria for selection of such systems or main
components thereof, to ensure that allocation method, metering equipment and measurement
methods provide adequate accuracy and reliability at all times.
3.0 ABBREVIATIONS
ANSI
AGA
API
ASTM
BIPM
DPR
FAT
GC
IEC
IP
IP PMM
ISO
MLC

MPMS
OGC
SPC

TCD
VDU
WGM

American National Standards Institute

American Gas Association
American Petroleum Institute
American Society for Testing and Materials
International Bureau of Weight and Measure
Department of Petroleum Resources.
Factory Acceptance Test
Gas Chromatograph, (A device, which separates the components in a gas mixture
and measure them individually with a detector.)
International Electro-technical Commission
Institute of Petroleum
Institute of Petroleum, Petroleum Measurement Manual
International Organisation for Standardisation
Multi Level Calibration. Calibration using several WGMs to either determine the
uncertainty due to linearity of the GC for all components within actual range or to
determine the response curves of the detector of each component. MLC may only be
performed before installation or during commissioning.
Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standard
On-line Gas Chromatograph, GC fed continuously and automatically with process
gas.
Single Point Calibration. Calibration using only one WGM with concentration as
close as possible to the process gas or as close as necessary found by multi-level
calibration.
Thermal Conductivity Detector, most commonly used detector to measure the main
components in natural gas.
Visual Display Unit
Working Gas Mixture also called calibration gas, used for regular calibration of the
OGC. Normally prepared by gravimetric method and supplied with a certificate
listing the concentrations of all component and the uncertainty of the
concentrations.

3.0 DEFINITIONS
Carrier gas
Column

Gas used to transport sample through the columns, normally Helium, Hydrogen or
mixture of Helium and Hydrogen.
Tubes inside the temperature controlled oven of the OGC packed with materials
suitable for separating the components of natural gas when flowing the sample using

carrier gas.
Fiscal quantity
Measured quantity of hydrocarbons used for sale, custody transfer, ownership
allocation or calculation of royalty or tax.
OGC Calibration Determination of the response of the detector for a given component with known
concentration given on the certificate of the calibration gas or comparing the reading
from OGC with values given on the certificate of the WGM.
Quantity
Measure of the hydrocarbon medium, by volume, mass or energy.
4.0 CLASSES OF MEASUREMENTS.
This describes categories of measurement on the basis of the meter location and the type of gas it
measures.
4.1 CLASS A MEASUREMENT.
The metering stations used for the delivery of gas to offshore customers and where sales contracts
are applicable. The DPR officer(s) shall witness and monitor the systems operations as applicable in
the oil terminals for the purpose of tax or royalty. The required overall measurement uncertainty
should be less than 1% on a volume basis or as specified in the contract.
4.2 CLASS B MEASUREMENT.
This is metering station for the delivery of gas in commonly used pipeline systems and where
allocation procedures or joint operating contracts apply. The DPR shall be notified on a weekly
basis the daily measurement record of the meter for the purpose of accountability. The DPR officer
involvement in the system operations shall be intermittent, at least weekly. The required overall
measurement uncertainty should be less than 1.8% on a volume basis or as specified in the contract.
4.3 CLASS C MEASUREMENT.
This is metering stations for the delivery of fuel gas within the operators operating facilities or to
third party facilities. The uncertainty limit should not be greater than 2 % of standard volume. The
DPR involvement should be monthly i.e. the measurement records should be available to DPR on a
monthly basis.
4.4 CLASS D MEASUREMENT.
The Metering station for flare gas measurement and the uncertainty limit should be less than 5% of
standard volume. If the flare gas releases is due to the operational upset, blowdown, purging, or
ESD operation the meter readings so recorded shall be forwarded within 24hours to the nearest
office of DPR with a detailed report on the scenarios of the releases. This report shall form the basis
of zero charges on the flare gas releases while charges shall be sustained if the flare releases are
operational philosophy.
Note: Any other uncertainty limit may be applicable for fiscal measurement systems if validated by
a cost-benefit analysis performed and accepted by the DPR.

5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The measurement systems shall have a computer parts and a sampling system and the measurement
system, which fulfils the functional and technical requirements and has the lowest life cycle cost
shall be selected.
Measurement systems for hydrocarbon gas shall include all systems for:

Sales and allocation measurement of gas.

Measurement of fuel and flare gas.

Sampling and Measuring Gas component.

5.1 COMPUTER PART

The computer part shall consist of a computer performing the functions specified below, a VDU, a
printer for reporting, and a communication system for transferring signals to other systems.

Facilities shall be included to enable user verification of functions, parameters and accuracy
for input, calculated and output values.

During the operational phase, the parameters relevant to verify the condition of the meter
shall be checked. If an alarm mode so indicates, the necessary verification and corrections
shall be done.

The computer shall raise and log alarms if any comparison checks exceed operator selected
limits, if any measured value is outside predetermined limits, and in case of indications of
instrument failure or computer failure.

The computer shall report daily totals.

The computer part shall be capable of registering separately and independently of measured
quantities during calibration. Facilities to ease the calibration shall be included in the system
or offered as an option.
Algorithm and truncation/rounding errors for computations in the computer part shall be less
than 0.01 %.
6.0 GAS SAMPLER SYSTEMS.
Automatic sampling equipment shall be installed. However, for dry gas, on-line gas chromatograph
should be used if they are found to be more cost-effective than automatic sampling and subsequent
laboratory analysis, and if required by any agreement.
Manual sampling point shall also be installed as a backup.
The system shall collect and store a representative gas sample at line conditions, allowing it to be
transported to the laboratory for analysis. The system shall be mounted as close as possible to the
pipeline to collect samples over a sample period, unattended. The system shall be in accordance
with ISO 10715. The distance to the nearest upstream disturbance, shall be at least 20 ID.
The measurement system shall control an automatic gas sampler system, i.e.

Provide a flow proportional by mass pacing signal (and a fall back signal)

Monitor the sample volume collected and status of the sampling system.

In addition, there shall be a manual sample point, where the manual sampling probe shall be
installed such that a representative sample of the gas can be collected. The distance to the nearest
upstream disturbance, shall be at least 20 ID. However, if an auto-sampler or OGC sampling probe
is included in the measurement system the manual sampling may be taken from the same probe.
6.1 Equipment/Schematic
The system consists of a probe, a by-pass loop, two separating devices (sample collection pumps),
an instrumentation supply system, a timing system and two sample receivers (collection cylinders)
for sample transportation.
The sample equipment shall be contained in a cabinet with exception for:

The probe,

Tubing to/from the mainline and

The back-pressure system.

The manual sample point shall be equipped with flushing facilities and a cabinet/enclosure with
required valves and quick connectors in addition to an arrangement where the sample cylinder can
be placed during spot sampling.
6.2 Performance
ISO 10715 describes the performance requirements for a fiscal sampling system.
6.3 Operational Requirements
The control function shall be done from a dedicated controller, SAS or a measurement system.
There shall be monitoring of maximum filling with adjustable alarm setting. In addition the
measurement system shall provide a flow proportional pacing signal and monitor the sample
volume collected and status of the sampling system.
6.4 Isolating and Sectioning
It shall be possible to isolate the system from the main process.
6.5 Layout Requirements
ISO 10715 describes the layout requirements for a fiscal sampling system.
6.6 Technical requirements
The sample point shall be chosen to provide a representative sample of the flowing gas in the pipe.
The sampling point shall be installed at least 20 diameters downstream of the nearest bend or
restriction on a horizontal pipe. The probe shall be installed in a 10 - 2 o'clock position.
6.7 Probe design
The probe shall be a pilot tube type extending into the centre one-third of the pipeline diameter. In
addition, the sampling probe should be possible to retract under operating pressure by method
accepted by the operator.
6.8 Sample collection pump
There shall be two parallel sample collection pumps, which shall be self-purging and can operate
under line conditions. The grab size volume shall be adjustable in the range 0.5 1.5 ml.

The sample collection pumps shall be located above and as close to the probe as is practically and
possible. Filters, drip pots, screens, regulators and such conditioning equipment shall not be placed
between the probe and the sampler.
6.9 Sample Receiver.

Heat tracing and insulation shall be provided to keep the temperature minimum 10 C above
the condensation temperature.

The receivers shall be of the floating piston type with back-pressure of an inert gas.

The receivers shall be equipped with a local piston position indicator and a limit switch for
maximum filling.

6.10 Tubing and valves.

The temperature in all parts of the sample lines/tubing and sample receivers shall be kept at
a temperature minimum 10 C above the hydrocarbon dew point temperature.

The valves for the sampling system shall be of type full-bore ball valves.

The sample tubing from/to the main pipe should have a slope of at least 1:12 to avoid liquid
traps.

6.11 Back-pressure system

There shall be a back-pressure system with inert gas (argon or helium). This shall include a booster
facility. The back-pressure volume shall be at least five times larger than the receiver volume and of
a size so that the pressure increase caused by 100% sample filling is less than 10 bar.

7.0 GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

The purpose of an on-line gas chromatograph (OGC) is to give continuous quantitative composition
analysis of gas from a process stream. The ranges shall be restricted to the operational needs for
each project.
The OGC shall quantify the concentrations of the main components in the gas composition, for the
purpose of gas accounting, calculation of calorific value and reference density in fiscal applications.
The gas composition shall also be used for check of gas quality conformity with gas quality
specifications defined by commercial gas agreements.
The sampling system shall ensure that the sample to the OGC is representative for the process
stream and suitable for the OGC. Recommendations as specified in this document, by the analyzer
supplier and in the ISO 10715 "Natural gas - Sampling guidelines" shall be followed.
The shortest practical sampling route between sampling point and analyzer should be taken.
Calculation of the transport time from sample point to the gas chromatograph shall be presented.
The effect that the sum of the transport time and the analysis cycle time could have on daily average
analysis shall be evaluated.
7.1 Analytical unit
The analytical unit shall separate all components sufficiently from each other so all components
present in the process gas are detected with sufficient accuracy. Special care shall be taken to check
that the separation between nitrogen / carbon dioxide and methane and between hexane and npentane are handled by the gas chromatograph.

7.2 Computer unit

The computer unit shall control the chromatograph. Program software, interfaces and protocol
should be robust with special consideration concerning automatic regeneration of all control and
communicational functions after the event of a general power failure.
Criteria for accepting the results from the calibration sequence shall be implemented.
The computer unit shall have the option of selecting an automatic calibration performed between a
certain numbers of analyses, or executed at selected calendar dates or weekdays, or at a specified
time during the day.
The computer system shall be capable of calculating the following figures based on the
compositional data normalized values Xi in accordance with ISO 6976.

Compressibility factor at reference condition.

Gross calorific value.

Wobbe-index.

Relative density (real / ideal)

Density at reference condition.

Algorithm and truncated/rounding errors for computations in the computer unit shall be less than
0.001 %.
7.3 Calibration equipment.
The calibrated gas shall be permanently connected to the analytical unit. The system shall have a
valve arrangement that provides the possibility of automatically selecting gas samples from the
WGMs. Selection of WGMs shall be possible from the central control unit.
Each of the components in the calibrated gases (WGM) used for either acceptance tests,
commissioning or during operation shall have the following documented uncertainty limits
(extended uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2):

Component range (mole %)

Uncertainty (%)

0.1 0.25

5.00

0.25 1

1.00

1 10

0.5

10 100

0.2

7.4 Performance
The repeatability of the OGC shall be within the following limits:
Component range (mole %)

Standard deviation (mole %)

25

0.02

25

100

0.05

The linearity of each component, tested in accordance with Annex B 2.3.4, shall be so that the
maximum deviation from values of any WGM when performing a MLC after adjustment of the
OGC to correct reading after a SPC shall be so low that the resulting uncertainty in gross calorific
value, UHs, is less than 0.15 % of the gross calorific value, Hs, when applying the following
equation:
UHs = [ (Hs - Hsi)2 (UXi)2]1/2
Where Hsi is the gross calorific value for each component found in the ISO 6976.
7.5 Availability and reliability
The system shall be designed for continuous operation and for low downtime in case of
maintenance, repair etc.
To increase the reliability of the results it should be possible to check the results from the OGC by
other independent means. Such means may be another OGC installed in parallel, analytical
equipment installed at other locations with which it is possible to compare the results, equipment
measuring properties, which are dependent on the gas composition.
7.6 Process/Ambient conditions
The OGC should be kept under sufficient controlled environment, i.e. providing necessary
protection against heat, rain, wind etc.
Line pressure variations shall not affect the sample flow rate and pressure of the sample gas to the
analyser.
7.7 Analytical unit
The time required for a full analysis cycle shall be less than 15 minutes.
The oven temperature shall be controlled with sufficient stability and accuracy to obtain required
stability and accuracy of the analysis.
The chromatograph shall use carrier gas in accordance with requirement given by the application.
Pressure and flow rate of carrier gas shall be controlled with sufficient accuracy. Necessary
equipment for safe operation in case of failure in carrier gas supply shall be installed if applicable.
7.8 Computer unit
Communications between the analytical unit and the computer unit should be according to the
vendor's standard protocol.

The following functions shall all be available for the operator and should also be available from the
supervisory computer:

Start and stop the analysis cycle

Change the alarm limits.

Acknowledge alarms.

Define and / or read component table, retention time, RT tolerance, response factor and
valve switching.

Sequence calibration frequency and WGM concentration.

Password protected program modifications.

Define and / or read time, peak height, peak area, peak start time, peak end time (for each
component) and total area.

Select override analysis.

A main report for printouts and electronic transmission to the main network shall contain names of
components, normalised mole % of each component rounded to the nearest 0.001%.
A quality control report for printouts and electronic transmission should contain information about
retention time, peak height, peak width, peak area, response factor, and mole % before and after
normalisation.
A control function in the software should give alarm if one or more components are missing from
the report or that the sum of non-normalised values is outside pre-set limits. This alarm shall inhibit
the transmission of potential erroneous results onto the main computer network.
The following requirements for displaying items should be considered:

Alarm status

Historical analysis data for a single component in chart form

Historical analysis data in report format, average, maximum and minimum values for each
component and calculated values

The last measured concentration value for each component and calculated values

Real time chromatogram and valve status.

8.0 BY PASSING THE METERING SYSTEM.

By passing of the metering system is not permitted. The design and construction of by-pass line
shall be in place but shall never be issued without the DPR written approval.
If operating conditions or problems make it necessary to by-pass the metering station, the licensee
shall apply for permission for such an operation.
When loading LPG in small batches, it is mandatory due to variations in loading rates to install a by
pass loop for re-circulation.

9.0 SALES AND ALLOCATION MEASUREMENT

The measurement system shall measure gas flow rates and accumulated quantities. Where
applicable approval by the DPR is required for the measurement systems and shall monitor the
systems operations as applicable to crude oil measurement systems in the oil terminals.
9.1 Performance.
The measurement system shall be capable of measuring the full range of planned quantities of
hydrocarbon gas through the measurement systems. The flow rate in each meter run shall not
exceed limit.
Note: One spare meter run shall be required for a multi-run metering station.
9.2 Process/Ambient Conditions
Refer to process data sheet (Project specific).
9.3 UNIT OF MEASUREMENT
All systems shall give readings and reporting in SI-units according to ISO 1000, except for pressure
and differential pressure where the units bar and mbar shall be used respectively.
The normal reference condition is defined as 0 C, 1.01325 bar absolute.
For calculation of Gross Calorific value and Wobbe Index [MJ/Nm3] the normal reference
condition shall be used in addition to combustion temperature of 25 C and metering temperature of
0 C.
For system concepts with no system specific requirements in this procedure guide, the design shall
to the greatest possible extent, be based on (in order of priority):

International standards, preferably ISO.

The manufacturer's recommendations.

9.4 UNCERTAINTY
The uncertainty is given in standard volume, but other units may be requested (project specific) e.g.
mass energy etc.
Any other uncertainty limit may be applicable for fiscal measurement systems if validated by a
cost-benefit analysis performed and accepted by the operator/DPR.
9.5 CALIBRATION
All parts of the metering system, including shut off valves for the hydrocarbon flow to the system,
shall be easily accessible such that checks or calibrations can be carried out without difficulty.
Locations where checks and calibration take place shall be protected in some way against
environment influences and vibrations such that the requirements stipulated in these guides can be
fulfilled.
An accredited laboratory to International/National Standards shall traceably calibrate all instruments
and field variables used for fiscal calculations or comparison with fiscal figures.
If it is impossible to calibrate the meter at the relevant process conditions, the meter shall at least be
calibrated for the specified flow velocity range.

In calibration mode, the flow time shall be registered and displayed by the flow computer/computer
system.

10.0 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS.

The measurement system shall be operated from the computer part. The measurement system shall
also be operable from Safety and Automation System (SAS.)
It shall be possible to measure the gas flow and accumulate even if the supervisory computer fails
completely. It shall be possible to operate all valves locally.
Continuity is required in measurement of the gas flow, during regular calibration of the field
instruments and whenever a field instrument of any type fails.
10.1 Measurement systems with multiple meter runs.
In automatic mode, the measurement system shall control open or close meter runs that are in
service mode, as required by the amount of gas flow being measured.
The meter runs inlet valves shall be manually operated (i.e. shall not be part of the automatic
operation). Optionally these valves may only be locally operated (project specific). The closing of
the last open meter run shall only be possible in manual mode.

11.0 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS.

The field instrumentation should be chosen to ensure long maintenance and calibration intervals. In
addition, it should be easy to retrofit the instruments and flow elements for maintenance.
It shall be possible to calibrate all instruments and separate components in the electronic loop either
without moving them from their permanent installations and without disconnecting any cables, or
by using transmitters fitted with quick connectors (for removal for calibration/ maintenance). An
exception to this will be a flow meter that requires off-line calibration.
There shall be easy access to any part that required regular calibration and maintenance.
It shall be possible to maintain the mechanical part of the system without dismantling the manifolds
(or similar).
The software shall provide means of calling up live transducer values (one at a time) onto the
operator workstation for purpose of calibration. The input shall be displayed in engineering units.
Input shall be displayed on VDU with the same time period as read by the input/output system i.e.
no average.

11.0 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

11.1 Interface Requirements
Computer part shall interfaces with:

If dedicated computer: SAS.

Sampling system and/or On-line gas chromatograph.

Production database and allocation systems.

The remaining interfaces, if any, are application specific, (e.g. Water dew point, Hydrocarbon dew
point, and Hydrogen sulphide (H2S).

The requirements below are only relevant if the specified component is part of the measurement
concept.
11.2 Sizing
The measurement system shall be designed to measure any expected flow rate with the meters
operating within 80% of their standard range (not extended).
11.3 Meter runs pressure setting/equalizing.
Each meter run shall have:

A connection to flare for depressurising the meter run,

A connection for nitrogen purging and

A small bore by-pass across the inlet or outlet valve for pressure setting/equalising the meter
run.

11.4 Block valves

The meter runs inlet and outlet valve shall be of double block and bleed type. The valve balls shall
be mounted, and independent up and downstream seals and firesafe. The valve shall be equipped
with a body vent and the leakage control shall be by automatic or manual monitoring.
Outlet On/Off valves at multiple meter runs shall be equipped with automatically operated actuators
with failsafe "stay in position". Flow direction shall be clearly stated on valve bodies.
11.5 Vent systems
The system shall have vent system with single connection at system limit. Double block and bleed
valve arrangement in the vent lines.
11.6 Location of sensors
Pressure and temperature shall be measured in each of the meter runs. Density shall be measured by
at least two densitometers in the metering station. The density measurement device shall be installed
so that representative measurements are achieved. Pressure and temperature measurement shall be
measured as close as possible to the density measurement.
11.7 Instrument panel and supplies
The electrical supply for field instrumentation used for fiscal measurement systems shall be
powered from instrument panels. The instrument panels shall be supplied from UPS. All flow
passing a fiscal measurement system shall be measured. The power supplies to the measurement
system shall be designed for this operation philosophy.
11.8 Signal Types
For measurement systems instrument field bus/digital communication shall be entirely implemented
i.e. so it can be utilised for diagnostic purposes. All transmitters shall be of smart type where
available.

11.9 Stability for smart transmitters

For smart pressure and smart differential pressure transmitters the stability shall be equal or better
than 0.1% of upper range limit for 12 months. For smart temperature transmitters the stability
shall be equal or better than 0.1oC for 24 months.
11.10 Temperature loop
For fiscal measurement applications the smart temperature transmitter and Pt-100 element should be
two separate devices where the temperature transmitter shall be installed in an instrument enclosure
connected to the Pt-100 element via a 4-wire system. Alternatively, the Pt-100 element and
temperature transmitter may be installed as one unit where the temperature transmitter is head
mounted onto the Pt-100 element (4- or 3-wire system).
11.11 Direct density measurement.
Continuous measurement of density is required. The gas shall at the density measurement point be
in a measurable form i.e. well above the hydrocarbon dew point. The density shall be measured by
the vibrating element technique. Density calculation and calibration shall be in accordance with
company practice. The density shall be corrected to the conditions at the fiscal measurement point.
There shall be direct transmission of transducer pulses/frequency signal to the computer part or via
smart communication. If the density is of the by-pass type temperature compensation shall be
applied.
The uncertainty (expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor k=2) of the complete density circuit,
including drift between calibrations shall not exceed 0.30% of measured value.
11.12 Calculated density.
Calculated density shall be by AGA 8, detailed characterization method or ISO 12213-2. When an
OGC is a part of the fiscal measurement system, composition data from this unit shall automatically
be used in the standard and line/operating density calculation. However, if the OGC is not a part of
the fiscal measurement system, operator entered composition data shall be used.

11.12 Differential pressure transmitter.

Smart differential pressure transmitters for orifice measurement systems shall be installed in parallel
for mutual surveillance i.e. if the duty transmitter fail the host stand-by shall be used automatically
until the duty transmitter is repaired.
11.13 Local indicators.
Where local indicators are required, local indicators on the smart transmitters can be used as
alternative to local gauges.
11.14 Local pressure indication.
For meter tubes/runs, which require pressure or depressurisation system for maintenance purposes,
a local indication of pressure shall be installed on the high-pressure side.

11.15 Instrument ball valves.

For fiscal measurement applications, ball valve manifold block or an assembly of discrete
components ball valves shall be applied. Final valve arrangement shall be installed in instrument
enclosure and be service friendly. In general, the valves shall not be less than 9 mm full bore,
however the equalizer valves and test valve may be 4 mm bore. The test port shall be equipped with
quick connector.
11.16 Instrument tubing.
For fiscal measurement systems the instrument impulse tubing shall not be less than 9 mm ID. The
tubing length should be kept as short as possible.
The slope of the impulse lines should be no less than 1:12. All instrument tubing shall be installed
so that "liquid traps" are avoided.
Instrument tubing for differential pressure transmitters should be kept symmetrical with respect to
pipe/instrument interface, where tubing diameter changes and isolation valves are installed.
11.17 Computer design.
The software for calculation of fiscal quantities shall be stored in a secure and resident manner.
Reference is made to ISO 9000-3.
Version number shall identify the present software program version(s). Change of version number
shall be implemented every time permanent program data is altered. It shall be possible to
determine the present program version directly from VDU and/or printouts.
The update time shall be less than 2 seconds for the VDU update and the resolution shall be
sufficient to verify the requirement for calculation accuracy.
Change of fiscal day will be project specific e.g. 00:00 or 06:00 each day.

12.0 PROCESS OPERATOR INTERFACE.

The process operator interface shall, as a minimum comprises:

Graphic user interface.

Meter run control.

Security control of operator entered parameters.

The graphic user interface shall include a simplified P&ID with process variables and valve status.
It shall be possible to operate all valves from the graphics.
12.1 Computer system interface.
The computer system (supervisory) interface shall as a minimum comprise:

Graphic user interface.

Meter run control.

Security control of operator entered parameters.

System monitoring.

Trouble shooting.

Software updates.

Tape drive and / or CD-ROM.

The graphic user interface shall include a simplified P&ID with process variables and valve status.
It shall be possible to operate all valves from the graphics.

13.0 CALCULATIONS.
The computer shall calculate flow rates and accumulated quantities for
i)
Actual
volume
ii)
Standard
volume
iii)
Mass
flow
iv) Energy flow (application specific).

flow,
flow,
and

All calculations shall be performed to full computer accuracy. (No additional truncation or
rounding.)
The interval between each cycle for computation of instantaneous flow shall be less than 10
seconds.
Where the interval between the calculations extends over several updates of input data, the mean
value of input data shall be used in the computations.
The mean values for density and differential pressure shall be calculated from square roots of the
field values.
The iteration procedure shall ensure that a new iteration of flow coefficient is carried out if the
difference between the two last flow coefficient computations exceeds ten to the power of minus
five (0.00001).
Algorithm and truncation/rounding errors for computations in the computer part shall be less than
+ 0.001%. This requirement shall be verifiable.
The computer part shall include electronic means for storing accumulated fiscal quantities for each
meter run and the total measurement system. These figures shall also be stored in back up files. The
figures shall be stored for the time period that is regarded as necessary. The files shall be secured in
such a way that they cannot be zeroed or altered unless a special security method is followed.
Calculation of Gross Calorific value (superior) and Wobbe index shall be done according to ISO
6976 with a combustion temperature of 25 C and metering temperature of 0 C.
Calculation of all required values for reports and VDU shall be implemented:

Hourly and daily totals and maintenance mode totals,

Average flow rates,

Average K-factors and process values all average values shall be flow-weighted by mass.

The resolution on the VDU shall be sufficient to verify the requirements for calculation accuracy.

14.0 CHECK.
Comparisons shall be implemented between duplicated instruments measuring the same process
value. Comparisons shall also be implemented between instruments measuring the same process
value in different meter runs. Comparisons shall be based on values averaged over a moving time
window to be operator selectable between wide intervals (that is from 1 second to 10 minutes).
Facilities shall be included to enable user verification of functions, parameters and accuracy for
input values, calculated values and output values.

14.1 Alarms
The alarm system shall raise alarms, print out alarms and/or save alarms to external file, if any
comparison check exceeds operator selected limits or if any measured value is outside
predetermined limits or in case of indication of instrument failure, computer failure or failure in
valve operation.
The alarm system shall be designed in a flexible way, fulfilling as a minimum the following
requirements:

For all alarms it shall be possible, under

to
suppress
or
enable
- apply time delay for filtering purposes.

A list of all suppressed alarms shall be available on screen and printer and external file.

Grouping of alarms shall be considered in order to reduce the number of alarms to a

minimum.

Hardware and software watchdog alarm shall be implemented.

password/key-switch protection,
the
alarm
and

14.2 Events.
The system shall log all events as a result of system or operator action to external file and printer.
The events shall include manually entered parameters on the computer part that may be changed by
an operator.
15.0 REPORTING OF DATA.
The computer shall generate quantity reports containing as a minimum:

Current flow rates and process values,

All totals, and

Average K-factors and process values all average values shall be flow-weighted by mass.

Reports for the following intervals shall be available: current status (no average values), hourly and
daily.
The reports shall also contain gas quality parameters as measured by on-line equipment or manually
entered.
The reports above shall be printed automatically but it shall also be possible to suppress the printing
of the reports. The reports shall also on request be shown on VDU. When fixed values or fallback
values are used instead of the live signals sometime during the report interval, this shall be visually
identified on the print out and on the VDU.
The reported data shall be for each meter run and with totals for the measurement system.
If the reporting computer is down across change of hour or day, the quantities thus not reported for
the expected time period shall be automatically recovered and reported with the first report that is
generated when the computer comes back in service.
15.1 Storing of data.
Hourly reports to be stored to computer file for 60 days, daily reports for 1 year.
All measured and calculated values averaged over the moving time windows shall be stored in
computer file for 60 days.
Alarm and event reports to be stored to computer file for 30 days.

15.2 Availability.
The computer shall have fault tolerant design to maintain fiscal measurement, calculations and file
storage during error conditions.
The computer part shall be capable of operating in such a way that maximum gas flow can be
measured even if failures occur within any level of the computer part.
The availability of the fiscal computer system shall be documented and better then 99.7%
availability.
16.0 NETWORK PROTECTION/SECURITY.
If the flow computers or supervisory computer(s) are connected to a network appropriate security
and protection shall be applied, i.e. only dedicated computers shall have access to the measurement
computers. Network communication shall utilize a protocol where protection and security is a part
of the protocol. Recognized standards are ISO IEC 3309.
The algorithms and fixed parameters important for accurate computation of fiscal quantities shall be
secured in a way that makes direct access impossible, unless an established security routine is
followed. There shall be protection against un-authorized data entry by password or key switch.
16.1 Expandability.
For future computer expandability a maximum limit at maximum load to the following computer
parts shall be:

The software, including programs and data shall not occupy for more than a maximum 50%
of the computer memory, at any time.

No more than 50% of the computer disk capacity shall be utilised.

The system, application and communication software shall require less than 50% of the CPU
capacity.

Input data from the field must be equipped to handle 25% extra points.

The system must be able to handle 25% extra flow per station or flow computers.

16.2 Automatic restart.

The system must be capable of an orderly shutdown in the event of a total power failure or major
transient. Restart after power failure shall be automatic and shall include restart for all features,
devices and programs, including correct time from a radio clock, or a battery backed up calendar
clock.
16.3 Background Compilation and Execute Capability.
The system shall have the capability for program compilation and execution in a background mode
without disturbing the continuous functions operating in the foreground. It must be possible to
build, replace, and initiate foreground tasks without interrupting other system functions.

17.0 FUEL GAS MEASUREMENT.

For single meter run configuration, it shall be possible to route the gas stream through a by pass line
for inspection and maintenance of the fuel meter run. When the system is in this bypass mode, flow
calculations shall continue based on average flow rate in a user selectable time periods (that is from
one minute to one hour) prior to opening to by pass.

Orifice meter should be preferred to gas turbine meter unless the cost of long upstream meter run
lengths for the orifice meter outweighs the cost of annual flow calibrations at operating conditions
of the gas turbine meter, and the cost of one spare gas turbine meter (in stores).
Also, a gas turbine meter should be preferred if the flow range of the fuel stream requires frequent
changes of orifice plates during regular operation.
For every small fuel gas streams, in particular non-fuel streams withdrawn from the fuel distribution
system downstream of the main fuel metering system, the following methods should be considered:

For gas streams withdrawn manually at intervals: No meter, just estimation.

For continuous streams smaller than specified by ISO 5167 and AGA 7, one of the
following
methods
shall
be
used:
- Small, full bore, gas turbine meters, designed to manufacturers standard (minimum 6
mm).
Integral
orifice
meters
(smaller
than
12
mm).
- Other suitable type of small flow meter with equivalent accuracy.

18.0 FLARE GAS MEASUREMENT.

The system shall measure flow rate and accumulate quantities of flare gas, in accordance with the
following guides. The calculation can either be done in a dedicated flow computer or in SAS.
If the flare gas releases is due to the operational upset, blow-down, purging, or ESD operation the
meter readings so recorded shall be forwarded within 24hours to the DPR nearest office with a
detailed report on the scenarios of releases. This report shall form the basis of no charge on the flare
gas releases. If the flare releases are operational philosophy the meter reading shall comply with
fuel gas measurement systems and all the conditions attached thereof.

PART TWO
1.0 SCOPE
2.0 DEFINITIONS
3.0 METER SELECTION CRITERIA
4.0 APPLICATION FOR LICENCES, DOCUMENTATION AND
INFORMATION.
5.0 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
6.0 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS.
7.0 CALIBRATION
8.0 REFERENCE CONDITIONS.
9.0 DESIGN OF THE MECHANICAL PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
10.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ISOLATION VALVES.
11.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FLOW METER
12.0 REQUIREMENT FOR THE FLOW PROFILE
13.0 LOCATION OF SENSORS
14.0 DESIGN OF THE INSRUMENT PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
15.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTRUMENT LOOPS.
16.0 INSTALLATION OF MONITORING INSTRUMENTS.
17.0 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT.
18.0 DESIGN OF THE COMPUTER PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
19.0 SECURITY AGAINST ERRORS AND LOST OF DATA.
20.0 PRINT OUT AND AUTOMATIC LOGGING.
21.0 POWER SUPPLY TO THE METERING SYSTEM

(B) TESTING, CALIBRATION AND COMMISSIONING OF THE METERING SYSTEM

PRIOR TO START-UP.
1.0 GENERAL
2.0 TESTING OF THE COMPUTER PART
3.0 CALIBRATION OF THE TURBINE METER
4.0 CALIBRATION OF THE TRANSDUCERS
5.0 INSPECTION OF THE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION FROM THE TRANSDUCERS TO
THE COMPUTER.

(C) TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

1.0 NECESSARY TESTS
2.0 TEST OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS
1.0 SCOPE
The guide is applicable to planning, design and construction and maintenance of metering stations
for measurement of produced/sold quantities of gas by quantity determination for tariff purposes,
and to allocation system based on figures from fiscal metering stations.
2.0 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this guide, the following definitions shall apply.
Recognised standard:
Guidelines, Standards or similar documents, which within a technical field are nationally
international recognised. Also, Acts or Regulations, which are not directly applicable but which,
regulate corresponding or neighbouring areas of activity.
Area of application:
Any installation, a Subsea installation or a terminal owned by oil operator or Gas consumers where
Gas metering system is in operation.
Place of Manufacture:
Factory or a workshop where one or more of the measurement systems main parts are fabricated or
constructed.
Datafile:
Groups of data, stored in an electronic unit.
Computer part:

The part of the measurement system, which comprises of digital computers and receives digital
metering signals from A/D converters or from digital instrument loops.
Computer for administrative routines:
Computer connected to one or more flow calculation computers. Information from the flow
calculation computers may be further processed for reporting purposes. Information may be
transferred from the administrative computer to the flow calculation device. The administrative unit
may include long and short-term data storage facilities.
Flow computer:
A computer performing flow calculations connected to one or more instruments and/or devices for
collecting and distribution of signals. The storage unit (memory), which is providing long and shortterm retention of data is regarded as an integral part of the flow computer.
The devices and equipment error:
Quantifiable amount incorrectly measured, due to the fact that the accepted procedures for operation
or calibration are not followed.
Fiscal metering station:
Assembly of metering equipment dedicated to the determination of fiscal quantities.

Gas:
Hydrocarbons in gaseous state at measurement conditions.
Sensing element:
A device, which acts directly on the condition it, shall measure and produces a signal proportional
to a physical condition.
Instrument
part:
The part of the metering system which is located between the mechanical part and the computer part
i.e. from sensing element to digital input of the computer part inclusive.
Calibration:
Establish relationship between the input and output signal for a device.
Calibration factor:
Relationship between measure value coming from a flow meter and the measured value from a
reference measurement system.
Calibration mode:
selectable condition within the flow computer where routine checks and calibrations can be carried
out, whilst the associated meter tubes are closed.
Linearity
A relation between conditions where a change in one causes a proportional change for the other.
Mechanical part:

Meter tube, turbine meter, meter prover and all mechanical devices that are included in gas metering
system.
Metering tube
Straight pipe sections where a flow meter is installed.
Instrument Loop:
The assembly of all devices and data links from the sensing element to the visual indication in the
computer part of the metering system.
Metering system:
Includes mechanical part, instrument part and computer part.
Transmitter:
Technical device, which change the nature of the measured signal.
Resolution:
The least variation in signal level, which produces a noticeable change in the displayed value.
Flow meter:
Equipment located in or clamped to a pipe and its signal transformer, to provide a primary signal
proportional to the amount of flow through the pipe.
Thermowell:
A well in the meter tube for installation of a thermometer.
Calibration factor for turbine meter:
A number that indicates the ratio between the readings of the turbine meter and the volume
throughput. The term is used to cover both the terms meter factor and the K-factor.
Uncertainty in measurement:
An estimate characterising the range within which the measured value will be found. In these guide
this is at 95 percent confidence level, K= 2.
Positive displacement.
Meters with well defined measurement compartments that alternately fill and empty as the meter
rotates. Knowing the volume displaced in each meter revolution and by applying the proper gear
ratio, the meter will read directly.
Inferential meters
Are meters with no measurement compartments to trap and then release the gas. These meters are
categorised as inferential meters in that the volume passed through them is inferred by something
else observed or measured.
Therefore the following subjects should be agreed in the contract:
1. The quantity delivered to be specified as mass, volume or energy and the reference

conditions for such quantities.

2. The measurement concept including redundancy aspects. Avoid measurement concepts
using moving/rotating parts, which are vulnerable to process upsets and resulting
liquid/solid breakthrough.
3. Witnessing of the commissioning, verification and calibration of the measurement
installation by buyers and, where relevant, other parties.
4. Approach to recovery of measurement deviations and interruptions (e.g. estimating the
delivered amount of gas by averaging over time between last valid value before
interruption and first valid value after repair). To be detailed in the measurement
manual.
5. Information about the calculation of delivered quantities, and the verification, recovery
procedures, calibration and maintenance of the measuring station.
6. The application of a black and white list per project regarding the determination of the gas
quality. Normally two kinds of properties are distinguished: fiscal properties and limit properties.
The list provides the (white) properties that can be measured or determined via agreed proven and
(internationally) standardised methods and the (black) properties for which measurement or
determination, and any new issues, have to be agreed on a case-by-case basis.
7. Possible exchange of (real time) process values (pressure, flow rate, quality etc.)
between parties.
8. The (international) standards applicable. Newly published standards or revisions of
existing standards shall only be adopted when mutually agreed.
TURBINE METERS.
Meters that use gas velocity to spin a turbine wheel and the higher the rate of flow, the faster the
spin, therefore registering higher volume on the index over a given period of time. Gas moving
through the meter impinges on a bladed rotor resulting in a rotational speed that is proportional to
the flow rate. The volume is determined by counting the number of meter rotations. The volume of
gas passed through the meter, at the operating pressure and temperature, is indicated on a counter in
units of volume.
Gas flow measurement for custody transfer by means of turbine meters shall be in
accordance with ISO 9951. Turbine meters should not be used where frequently interrupted and/or
strongly fluctuating flow or pressure pulsations are present.
For each turbine meter a (weights and measures) certificate of the calibration at a high
(line) pressure shall be available. The calibration data stated in the certificate shall include the error
of the meter for at least 6 points over the whole range of the meter according to ISO 9951.
The contractual availability of gas flow may require a station by-pass which, shall be

normally closed and controlled by permits or locks.

The internal diameter of the pipe work shall be designed for gas velocities not exceeding
20 m/s. Metrological tappings shall not be used for any other purpose.
Installation
The turbine meter shall operate within the specified operating conditions. Swirl and non-uniform
velocity profile effects shall be reduced to an insignificant level by proper
installation of the meter. Straight length requirements and/or the type and location of a flow
conditioner shall be in accordance with ISO 9951 and Manufacturer's specifications.
ORIFICE METERS.
Meters with no moving parts that consist of PRIMARY devices (Orifices) and SECONDARY
devices (Chart recorders or flow computers).
Measurement is achieved by recording pressure and the differential created by the flow across the
orifice. Calculations are then made using various parameters such as meter tube size, Orifice
diameter, etc. to determine gas volumes and it requires regular calibrations of all the transmitters if
its accuracy must be maintained.
Gas flow measurements for custody transfer by means of orifice meter runs shall be in
accordance with ISO 5167-1.
Design
The diameter ratio (
= d/D) should not exceed 0.6 in order to achieve minimum uncertainty
according to ISO 5167-1. The overall uncertainty in the volume flow rate measurement shall be
calculated according to ISO/TR 5168 and the ISO recommendation Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement.
Application of smart transmitters is recommended on account of their built-in temperature
compensation and diagnostic features, whereas multi-variable smart transmitters shall be avoided
unless they are used for single-variable measurement and are legally accepted (e.g. weight and
measures approved).
2.5.3 Installation
The orifice meter shall be installed in accordance with ISO 5167-1.
The meter run shall be thermally insulated according to ISO 5167-1.
Transmitters for e.g. differential pressure and pressure measurements and the calibration
connections shall be mounted in a dedicated temperature-controlled calibration housing, in order to
condition the inside environment in line with the temperature specifications of the transmitters and
the calibration equipment. The design shall cover at least:
- area classification and electrical safety requirements;
- utilities and calibration facilities;
- sufficient space for the application of calibration equipment.
It is necessary to know the density of the gas at the upstream pressure tapping. It can
either be measured directly or calculated from the absolute static pressure, the absolute
temperature and the gas composition at that location.

The temperature of the gas shall be measured downstream of the primary element, to avoid flow
profile distortion. The thermowell or pocket shall take up as little space as possible.
The thermowell shall be situated minimally 5D and maximally 15D downstream of the
primary element and in accordance with the values given in ISO 5167-1 if the pocket is
located upstream. The temperature measurement shall not be influenced by heat transfer
from the piping or thermowell attachment.
It may generally be assumed that the downstream and upstream temperatures of the fluid
at the differential pressure tappings are the same within the limits of application of ISO
5167-1. However, if the highest accuracy is required and there is a large pressure loss
between the upstream pressure tapping and the temperature location downstream of the
primary device, then it is necessary to calculate the upstream temperature from the
downstream temperature (measured at the above distance from the primary device),
assuming an isenthalpic expansion between the two points.
2.5.4 On-line computation of the flow rate
The flow rate shall be calculated according to ISO 5167-1, using equipment approved by
the parties and by the local authorities (e.g. weights and measures). For the on-line
computation of the flow rate, fixed values may be used for the kinematic viscosity ( ) and the
isentropic exponent ( ), based on the average operating conditions. The calculation of the Reynolds
number (Re) shall be based on the actual flow rate.
The energy flow is determined from the product of the volume flow or mass flow and the
corresponding Gross Heating Value, both expressed at the same reference conditions.
ULTRANSONIC GAS FLOW METERS.
A meter with at least two independent acoustic paths used to measure transient time difference of
sound travelling upstream and downstream. A meter that has a numerical data values for minimum,
maximum and transition flow rates of which the maximum value is at least ten times greater than
the transition flow rates.
13.4.5 Layout Requirements
Sufficient upstream and downstream length of pipe shall be installed.
Ultrasonic flow meters shall not be installed in the vicinity of pressure reduction systems (valves
etc.), which may affect the signals.
A meter of maximum allowable error of +/- 0.7% for large meters and +/- 1.0% for small meters
and repeatability of +/- 0.2% for the higher velocity range and is doubled for the lower.
Refer to ISO/TR 12765 and AGA-9.
General
Measurement of gas flow for custody transfer by means of multi-path ultrasonic flow meters shall
be subject to approval by the contract parties and/or authorities for each individual application.
Exemption by authorities (e.g. weights and measures) is often required for the use of ultrasonic flow
meters.
The ultrasonic flow meter shall have a locally approved certificate of calibration in

accordance with the Manufacturer's procedures. A certificate of the calibration of the

ultrasonic flow meter at operating pressure shall only be produced if required by parties
involved. The calibration data provided in the certificate shall include the error of the meter for at
least 6 points over the whole range of the meter according to ISO 9951. The
monitoring facilities available in modern ultrasonic meters shall be used for health checking
(transducer performance/malfunctioning, meter pollution), to enable early detection of imminent
malfunction of the meter.

2.4.2 Design capacity

The design capacity of the flow measuring station (with one or more meter runs) is the
maximum flow rate that can be measured. This is the sum of the flow rates of the non-spare meter
runs, provided that one ultrasonic meter indicates the maximum continuous flow rate at which its
uncertainty (2 sigma) remains within design specifications, or the gas velocity has reached its
maximum allowed safety level.
The minimum flow of the flow measuring station is the flow rate of the smallest meter run,
provided that one ultrasonic meter indicates the minimum continuous flow rate at which its
uncertainty (2 sigma) remains within design specifications. If an ultrasonic meter indicates a flow
rate below its specified minimum flow rate value, an alarm signal shall be initiated.
Provisions shall be available to stop the flow measurement at flow rates below a preset
value, i.e. flow rate output is forced to 0 m3 /d. This value shall be set for positive and
negative flows and is to be determined for each individual meter run. Non-equal distribution of flow
between the meter runs shall be taken into account. This is particularly critical with low differential
pressure across the meter runs.
2.4.3 Design
The number of meter runs shall be based on the design capacity, the allowable maximum
and minimum gas velocity the required minimum flow rate and the availability
requirements of the flow measuring station and the designated flow range of the ultrasonic meter(s).
Any unavailability of the flow measuring station shall only make a small contribution
towards the specified unavailability of the production facility, as defined in the field
development plan. Depending on the availability requirements of the flow
measuring station the meters shall be equipped with full-bore double-block-and-bleed
valves to allow the transducers to be accessed or exchanged at line pressure. As a
minimum one set (2 pcs) of spare transducers of each transducer type (if applicable) shall
be available and properly stored. If dry calibration is not (yet) accepted one spare meter
shall be available either as 'not installed' (and properly stored) or as 'installed' (in a spare
meter run). If a high availability is required, the design of the flow measuring station may have to
be verified.

NOTE: Depending on the size and requirements (availability, in-situ calibration, etc.) of the
measuring station, important instruments and/or measuring systems should be duplicated by
instrumentation working independently. This shall be agreed between parties.
The contractual availability of gas flow may require a station by-pass, which shall be
normally closed and controlled by permits or locks.
The internal diameter of the pipe work shall be designed for gas velocities not exceeding
20 m/s.
2.4.4 Installation
Multi-path transit-time ultrasonic flow meters shall be installed and operated in accordance with
ISO/TR 12765, AGA-9 and Manufacturer's recommended installation practices and applicable
regulations.
The ultrasonic flow meter shall operate within the specified operating conditions to satisfy its
uncertainty constraints. Swirl and non-uniform velocity profile effects should be reduced to an
insignificant level by proper installation of the meter. Swirl-free conditions can be taken to exist
when the swirl angle at all points across the pipe cross-section is less than 2. Straight length
requirements, inlet and outlet connections and/or the type and location of a low pressure-loss flow
conditioner should be in accordance with Manufacturer's specifications. It is recommended to
include the upstream and downstream straight length piping in the scope of delivery of the metering
station, thereby allowing for meter calibration.
In general, recommended straight length requirements for one-directional flow
measurement are minimal 10D upstream and 3D downstream, whereas for two-directional
measurement the upstream and downstream sections should be 10D each.
If necessary, flow straighteners of standardised design (ref. ISO 5167) or of agreed proven design
may be installed. The flow straightener may form part of the 10D upstream length.
Meter runs shall be thermally insulated in order to eliminate heat transfer from the piping or
instrument well attachments and to meet any limiting value for the accuracy of flow
measurement required. The length of the insulated section shall at least cover the straight
length requirements and shall include the temperature element.
The centre line of the ultrasonic flow meter shall be within 1% of the pipe centre line.
The upstream and downstream straight lengths shall be straight and their cross-section
circular over their entire length.
The root pass of any circumferential weld in the upstream pipe section shall be ground flush with
the inside pipe wall. Inspection of the inside of the pipe shall be possible. Seam-welded pipe may be
used provided that the internal weld bead is parallel to the pipe axis throughout the entire required
straight length. The seam shall not be within any sector of 30 centered on any pressure tapping
used in conjunction with the primary element. Any weld bead shall be restricted in height to the
permitted step in diameter.

Gaskets shall be fabricated and installed in such a way that they do not protrude at any
point inside the meter tube assembly.
The bores of the upstream straight length section (10D) and the downstream straight length section
(3D) shall equal the inlet and outlet bores of the meter, respectively.
The location of the pressure tapping to be used as the pressure sensing point for the
pressure measurement shall be in accordance with the Manufacturer's recommendations
(often the Pr point on the body of the meter).
The temperature sensor for the temperature measurement, for one-directional flow
measurement, shall be located between 2D and 5D downstream of the meter. For two-directional
flow measurement this location shall be between 3D and 5D upstream or
downstream of the meter. The temperature measurement shall not be influenced by heat
transfer from the piping or thermowell attachment.
The condition of the gas for density measurement at operating conditions shall represent
the conditions at the position of the flow measurement (the Pr point on the meter body if
available). The densitometer pocket shall be located according to (2.4.4.6).
Meter run isolation valves shall be of the cylindrical full-bore type, presenting
minimal restriction in fully-open position and conveniently located to allow any leakage to be
detected.
The position of the primary element shall enable its easy removal or replacement but shall not be
located so that dirt or liquid may be collected in the meter.
The meter shall not be installed in the immediate vicinity of pressure reduction valves which may
affect the ultrasonic signals. Some in-line noise reduction could be accomplished by tees or shortradius bends.
The design shall cover at least:
- area classification and electrical safety requirements;
- room heating and (natural) ventilation;
- utilities and calibration facilities;
- sufficient space for the application of calibration equipment.
2.4.5 On-line computation of the flow rate
The flow rate (both negative and positive) shall be calculated according to ISO 12765.
The energy flow is determined from the product of the volume flow and the Gross Heating Value,
both expressed at the same reference conditions.
In order for the ultrasonic meter to be accepted and considered to be of good enough quality the
maximum deviation from the reference during flow calibration shall be less than 1.50 %. The
linearity shall be better than 1.0 % (band) and the repeatability shall be better than 0.50 % (band).
These requirements are applicable after application of zero flow point calibration but before

application of any correction factors, for flow velocities above 5 % of the maximum measuring
range.
For the meter run, the minimum straight upstream length shall be 10 ID. The minimum straight
downstream length shall be 3 ID. Flow conditioner of a recognized standard shall be installed,
unless it is verified that the ultrasonic meter is not influenced by the layout of the piping upstream
or downstream, in such a way that the overall uncertainty requirements are exceeded.
3.0 METER SELECTION CRITERIA
The operator shall fully understand the metering operational requirements of this procedure guide
before making decisions on the type of metering systems to use. However, the meter concept
selection shall be based on the following informative criteria and analyses.
3.1 Alternative cost/benefit analysis of metering concepts
The cost of using a concept with high accuracy (concept A) may be unreasonable in relation to the
monetary value of the additional measurement uncertainty of a less accurate/less expensive concept
(concept B). The selection of metering concept shall be based on one of the two alternative
cost/benefit analyses given below.
3.2 For metering systems for main fields and sales metering
An analysis shall be performed to quantify:
a. The measurement uncertainty of concept A and B
b. The potential monetary loss from the additional measurement uncertainty, by using concept
B instead of concept A, during the lifetime of the installation.
c. The total cost savings, by using concept B instead of concept A, during the lifetime of the
installation.
d. The cost saving in c above minus the potential monetary loss in b above
The key parameter is this analysis for decision making, is the value in d above.
All monetary values above shall be calculated as net present values of investment and operating
cost.
4.0 APPLICATION FOR LICENCES, DOCUMENTATION AND
INFORMATION.
4.1 Application for a licence.
The licensee shall apply for and obtain a licence from the DPR for the following activities.
1) The design of the fiscal metering system.
2) Prior to the delivery of the fiscal metering system from the place of manufacture
3) Prior to entering the fiscal metering system into service for fiscal purposes. The licensee shall
not commence any construction work until the licence in accordance with item 1 is obtained.
4.2 Presentation of documentation.
Before or in connection with the application for a licence in accordance with the above section, the
licensee shall submit to DPR the following documentation:
(a) Gas fiscal metering specification. (Including algorithms).

(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)

Process data sheets for the metering stations.

Density transducer gas. Typical hook-up drawing.
Gas metering skid, piping isometric.
Typical block diagram
Loop diagram for temperature, density, pressure and differential pressure.
Data sheets for elements and equipment utilised.
A/D converter, system description
Computer specification, hardware and software.
Detail description/drawing of the 4-way valve, other valves filters and flow straighteners.
General arrangement drawing and P& ID for gas skid.
Data sheets and hook up drawings for the sampling equipment.

If all the required data is not available at the start of construction the licensee may by agreement
with the DPR forward the outstanding documentation within given time limits.
Before the metering station is shipped from the vendor the licensee should verify that all
requirements for tests according to Chapter VII of this guide are fulfilled. The licensee should
further confirm that the metering station is designed, built and tested in accordance with these
regulations.
4.3 Authority to Exempt.
Exemptions according to this section mean that the DPR has the authority to grant exemptions from
regulatory requirements when they are applied for. Specific conditions mean situations where the
technical development makes it desirable to make exemptions from the regulations.
4.4 Information.
When the fiscal metering station forms a part of an allocation system, the licensee shall inform the
DPR with details of the allocation principles as soon as they are available.
The DPR shall be notified in the event of documented measurement errors caused by the noncompliance with agreed procedures for operation or calibration of a metering station. Correction
shall be carried out if the deviation is greater than 0.020% of total volume. If errors have a lower
percentage value, correction shall be carried out when the total value of the error is considered to be
significant.
Where there is doubt concerning the time at which a measurement error arose, the correction shall
apply for half of the maximum possible time since it could have occurred.
If during a routine calibration it is detected that any equipment has drifted within its range, this is
not a reason for correction.
A correction should, however, not be implemented if the cost of the correction work is higher than
the value of the wrongly measured mass.
In the guidelines, reference is made to recognised standards and a description is provided of how the
provisions of the guide can be met. If alternative solutions are chosen, documentation to demonstrate that
such solutions also comply with the requirements of the guide shall be available. The licensee shall inform
the DPR before alternative solutions are chosen.

5.0 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The vendor shall supply the operator with a Quality Assurance Manual for
which should define;

measurement,

(a) Uncertainty limits (accumulated and by component)

(b) The responsibility chain for the follow up of the quality of measurement equipment.
(c) Responsibility between different sections, borderlines etc.
For maintenance of equipment the quality manual should specify the following:
(a) Description of the equipment to be checked and the equipment to be used in the check.
(b) A description of necessary preparations.
(c) A numbered step explanation on how the checks are to be performed.
(d) A description of how the derived results are handled to ensure quality.
(e) A reference to the logbook for the metering station.
(f) Pre-printed form recording data. The forms should have spaces for possible remarks and for
all data necessary record as well as the relevant deviation limits.
For operation of the equipment the QA manual should specify the following:
(a) A functional description of equipment in service during normal operation.
(b) A procedure on how to handle situations when any of the in-service equipment fails.
(c) A summary of important information from engineering department/colleagues etc.
(d) A list of alarms that can occur procedure on how they can be cleared.
6.0 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS.
An uncertainty analysis shall be developed for gas metering systems within 95% confidence level in
accordance with recognised standards. The total gas metering system uncertainty shall, for the
operating flow range, be below +/- 1.0% (mass metering). If a deviation on any of the equipment
tolerances exists, it should be demonstrated that the metering system is within the limits for total
uncertainty given in this section.
For gas measurement the principles of uncertainty calculation are given in ISO/(1998)
measurement of fluid flow estimation of uncertainty of a flow rate measurement , alternatively in
ISO (1995) Guide to the Expression on Uncertainty in Measurement.
7.0 CALIBRATION
The term competent laboratory shall be a laboratory accredited in accordance with international
standard or a laboratory which otherwise has documented competence and is traceable to
international/national standards.
For the components mentioned in the first paragraph of this section, it should be developed as
schedule for routine calibration at a competent laboratory.
The supplier shall furnish the operator with the calibration data considered to be of adequate
quality. If such is not the case, the equipment must be re-calibrated by a competent laboratory.
8.0 REFERENCE CONDITIONS.
Standard reference conditions for pressure and temperature shall be 101.32Kpa and 15oC. Meter
system design for LPG measurement could use other reference pressure in accordance with
recognised standards.

The energy content shall be considered in the design of the metering system in accordance with a
recognised standard. The recognised standard for the determination of energy content should be ISO
6976(1995) or similar.
9.0 DESIGN OF THE MECHANICAL PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
The mechanical part of the metering system shall consist of gas metering tubes and orifice plates
designed in accordance with recognised standards, or of one or more metering tubes equipped with
multipath ultrasonic meters. If another design of the mechanical part of the metering system is
chosen, the licensee shall ensure that the requirements given are fulfilled.
10.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ISOLATION VALVES.
Each metering run shall at inlet and outlet be equipped with isolation valves. The valves shall be of
the block and bleed type. All the valves, which are critical for the integrity of the metering station,
shall be conveniently located for verification in order to detect any leakage. Four-way valve shall be
equipped with automatic leak detection.
11.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FLOW METER
11.1 Requirements for the orifice plate:
The diameter ratio shall not exceed 0.60, if the applied standard gives a flow coefficient with less
accuracy for higher diameter ratios. The thickness of the orifice plate shall at least ensure that the
maximum dynamic deflection does not exceed 50% of total maximum differential pressure and
shall not cause a systematic additional measurement error of more than 0.10% due to the deflection
of the orifice plate.
The orifice carrier and the upstream valves shall be such that they do not produce lubricating grease
or other substances that may be deposited on the orifice or the meter tube at normal operating
conditions.
It shall be possible to interchange orifice plates without the need to depressurise the line.
ISO 5167-1 allows a deviation on plate flatness of 1%. This tolerance combines both static
flatness (When measuring a plate in the Laboratory), and the dynamic deflection (at
operating conditions).
According to ISO5167-, the sum of static and dynamic deflection shall not exceed 1.0%. The
definition of flatness is given in ISO5167-1.
The deflection of the orifice plate shall under no circumstances influence the plate so that the
distance to the tapping wholes is less than that specified in the ISO standard. If a senior fitting
orifice carrier does not offer operational advantages, then fittings of simpler design can be used.
11.2 Requirements for the ultrasonic flow meter:
The ultrasonic flow meter shall have the number of sound paths, which have been proven to be
necessary to provide a representative velocity measurement for the cross section during the
relevant flow conditions.
All geometric dimensions of the ultrasonic flow meter, which affect the measurement result,
shall be measured using traceable equipment, at known temperatures. The meter shall be

designed and installed so that any accumulation of impurities in the form of liquid and solid
particles in the proximity of the transducers is avoided.
The meter shall either by its own design or by necessary piping arrangement always be available
for necessary maintenance.
The meter shall be designed so that measurements of acceptable quality can be achieved when
one transducer pairs out of service.
The ultrasonic flow meter shall be individually calibrated at a traceable laboratory at process
conditions (velocity of flow, pressure and temperature) as similar to the operational conditions
as possible. The influence of variations in pressure and temperature shall be determined. The
zero point correction and the calibration factor shall be determined. The meter shall be
individually identified, and a certificate shall be issued.
11.3 Design Requirement for the metering tube
A recognised standard shall be used to determine the minimum lengths of the metering tubes.
The metering tubes shall be connected and mounted at the site of operation so that a part of the pipe
can be dismantled for inspection of the pipes inner wall upstream and downstream of the orifice
plate. The inner wall of the metering tube shall be continuous without steps or offsets for a length of
at least 10 diameters upstream of the orifice plate. Upstream and downstream pressure tapings shall
be in the same axis of the meter tube.
The metering tube shall be insulated upstream and downstream for a distance sufficient to prevent
heat transfer, which may lead to temperature changes affecting instrument readings for fiscal
parameters.
When considering ultrasonic flow meters the minimum upstream length shall be 10 D. the minimum
downstream length shall be 3 D. It shall further be verified that the ultrasonic meter is not
influenced by the layout of the piping upstream or downstream in such a way that overall
uncertainty requirement laid down are exceeded. If it is necessary, flow straighteners of recognised
standard can be installed.
The ultrasonic flow meter must not be installed in the immediate vicinity of pressure reduction
systems (valves etc.), which may affect the ultrasonic signals. An evaluation shall be carried out
which shows that surrounding equipment (both upstream and downstream), will not affect the
ultrasonic signals.
When doing ultrasonic measurement, quality requirements for the inner quality of the metering
tubes shall be determined. The ultrasonic flow meter with associated metering tube shall be
insulated upstream and downstream in order to reduce temperature gradients.
12.0 REQUIREMENT FOR THE FLOW PROFILE
Recognised standard for orifice plate measurement will be: ISO 5167-1 or research results, which
are mutually accepted. The maximum Reynolds number is the highest Reynolds number for which
historic calibration data exists. This is today 3.3 x 107. Both for orifice plate measurement and
ultrasonic flow measurement, flow straighteners of recognised type may be used to improve the
flow conditions through the meter.
13.0 LOCATION OF SENSORS
A typical drawing of a gas metering station including valves and instrumentation is given in fig. 1

14.0 DESIGN OF THE INSRUMENT PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.

Pressure and temperature shall be measured in each of the metering tubes. The ultrasonic flow
measurement requires that temperature, pressure and if applicable density measurements are to be
carried out according to the same guidelines as applicable to conventional orifice measurement.
15.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTRUMENT LOOPS.
Signals from sensors shall be transmitted so that errors are minimised. Transmission shall pass
through the least possible segregated from other types of equipment in the area of use.
Cables and other parts of the instrument loops shall be designed and installed so they will not be
affected by electromagnetic fields.
Total uncertainty in the value displayed on the computer shall not exceed the requirements
stipulated in section 34-37 within the normal temperature range of the equipment cabinets.
The checks referred to in these regulations should be conducted in such a way that the measurement
signal is monitored at the computer part when a calibration is carried out. The uncertainty figure is
giving a maximum limit for the deviation between the expected and the displayed value.
15.1 PRESSURE CIRCUIT.
The uncertainty of the complete pressure circuit, including any drift over a period of one month,
shall not exceed +/- 0.30% of maximum calibrated pressure.
15.2 TEMPERATURE CIRCIUT.
The temperature measuring element shall be a platinum resistance element in accordance with
recognised standards. The uncertainty for the complete loop, including any drift over a period of
one month, shall not exceed +/- 0.300C over the temperature range of the measurements. The
uncertainty of the temperature measuring element shall not exceed +/- 20oC
15.3 DENSITY CIRCUIT
The density measurements shall be in accordance with a recognised standard. The uncertainty of the
complete density circuit, including any drift over a period of one month shall not exceed +/-% of
measured value.
Back up density for gas shall be calculated in the computer and be activated when the online density
measurement is outside its present limits.
15.4 INSTRUMENT LOOP FOR PRIMARY SIGNAL
In respect of orifice plates, the differential pressure is the primary signal. The uncertainty of the
complete differential pressure loop, including any drift over a period of one month, shall not exceed
+/- 0.30% of maximum differential pressure. The uncertainty of the differential pressure
transmitters shall not exceed 0.10% of maximum differential pressure. A minimum of two
differential pressure transmitters shall be installed to monitor each other.
With regard to ultrasonic flow meters, the signals between the acoustic transducers are the primary
signals. Critical parameters related to electronic and transducers shall be determined. It shall be
possible to verify the quality of the electric signal, which represents the acoustic pulse by automatic
monitoring procedures in the instrument or by connecting external test equipment. The transducers
shall be identified by serial number or similar, location in the meter house etc. A dedicated
certificate stating critical parameters shall be attached.

The resolution of the analogue to digital converter shall be better than 0.010% of full scale. Total
error in analogue to digital conversion including resolution, linearity, repeatability and other
random errors shall not exceed +/- 0.020% of full scale.
16.0 INSTALLATION OF MONITORING INSTRUMENTS.
It shall be possible to connect monitoring instruments to measure the performance of all sensors,
which provide input parameters to the fiscal algorithms.
17.0 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT.
The sampling equipment shall be of automatic type and be designed in accordance with recognised
standards. In addition, equipment for manual sampling shall be provided.
The sampling probe shall be installed at least 20D downstream of the nearest bend.
Slope should be maintained along the sample line from the probe to the pressure reduction system
in order to avoid liquid traps.
The sampling probe should be designed so it is possible to be retracted under operating pressure by
method accepted by the operator. Spot sampling connection shall be provided.
18.0 DESIGN OF THE COMPUTER PART OF THE METERING SYSTEM.
The part of the computer performing the fiscal calculations shall be connected to the part that
collects and distributes measurement signals from the metering station in a manner such that errors
are minimised.
When two computers are duplicating each other, all functions shall at all time be available in both
computers. The term equipment, which has historical data available that demonstrates uninterruptible operations. The reliability of such equipment should be documented as being better
than 99.5% availability.
19.0 SECURITY AGAINST ERRORS AND LOST OF DATA.
The part of the computer, which executes fiscal calculations should be designed to have continuous
monitoring facilities for the following conditions:
a) Errors in executions of routines, (watch-dog). To be checked at least every 10s.
b) Errors in permanent stored data (check sum). To be checked at least every 10s. It should be
possible to verify this by print out.
c) Error in internal voltage reference valves.
d) The flow is outside the range of the metering system.
e) Deviations between measured values, valve status and also between paralleled metering
tubes. (These refer to the generations of illegal status alarms when flow registered from an
out of service stream and to the establishment of alarm limits between paralleled stream for
density pressure and temperature etc.)
The computer part which executes administrative functions shall be equipped with monitoring in
accordance with items a, b and c).

Signal collection and distribution devices should also be equipped according to items a) b) and c).
The data transmission links should be continuously monitored and an alarm generated when faults
are detected.
20.0 PRINT OUT AND AUTOMATIC LOGGING.
The ultrasonic flow meter should either by direct read out or by internal check functions monitor the
velocity of flow and the velocity of sound for each ultrasonic path.
The computer routines for fiscal measurement calculation shall fulfil the requirements detailed
standard. The computer routines shall further include the following;
a) The time interval between which the computer responding to changes of the metering systems
input signals shall not be greater than 1 second. Parameters having longer response time, such
as density and temperatures, should not exceed a response time of 5 seconds.
The interval between each cycle for computation of instantaneous flow shall be less than 10
seconds.
b) The mean values for density and differential pressure shall be calculated from the square roots
of the field values.
c) The algorithms for calibration factor and volume, at reference conditions, shall contain all
correction factors as defined in recognised standards.
21.0 POWER SUPPLY TO THE METERING SYSTEM
The metering system shall be designed to have a power supply connected to the facilities (UPS).
An automatic system shall ensure that faults on the power supply are immediately detected as an
alarm in the computer part. Such faults shall cause automatic change over switch back up system.
Any shift from the one power source to the other shall be carried out in such a manner that the
normal operation of the metering system is not affected.
A power fault shall not in any case be able to cause loss of fiscal figures.
(B) TESTING, CALIBRATION AND COMMISSIONING OF THE METERING SYSTEM
PRIOR TO START-UP.
1.0 GENERAL
The tests described in this chapter shall be carried out in the following order;
(a) Before the metering system leaves the manufacturer.
(b) After installation at the place of use, immediately prior to start up.
A plan for the various activities, and a detailed description of the tests mentioned in this chapter,
shall be forwarded to the Department of Petroleum Resources. Those activities, which the DPR
wish to witness, should be verified prior to the DPR witnessing.
Notice of tests shall be sent to the DPR at least 3 weeks before testing commences.
1.1 INSTRUMENT TESTING.
The DPR may require that, for instruments critical to the accuracy of the metering system, where
the accuracy of the instruments is not considered to be sufficiently well documented, that the
accuracy shall be verified in a controlled laboratory environment.

1.2 CHECK OF THE INSTRUMENT LOOPS

The accuracy of the instruments loops shall be regularly checked. Each part of the loop shall be
inspected before the loop checks are carried out. Completed calibration forms shall be available.
The accuracy of the instruments loops shall be checked using the display reading in the visual signal
from the computer part. If convenient, the licensee may use a signal generator instead of the
original transmitter. Each instrument loop shall be tested by setting the sensors to measure a number
of values within its working range. The measurement shall be produced by the calibration of the
sensors or by special test equipment.
1.3 CHECK OF THE A/D CONVERTER
A procedure for testing the A/D converter shall be prepared. It shall include at least 3 test points
and shall be done at least annually according to the requirements in sections 38.
2.0 TESTING OF THE COMPUTER PART
For each metering tube, a full functional check shall be undertaken to verify the various functions.
For each metering tube, and for the total station, an alarm handling and reporting functional check
with manually entered parameters shall be carried out. A system power supply errors test shall be
performed. A functional check of the data transmission shall be performed. For each flow
calculation, accuracy shall be verified.
A pulse alarm check shall be performed. An alarm shall be activated if a difference between the
two pulse trains occurs. Various performance tests for the electronic equipment should be carried
out. The test conditions should be related to the climate and mechanical environment to which the
equipment will be exposed.
An independent review of the calculation accuracy of the computer part shall be performed at least
on an annual basis. Independent verification means that the calculation accuracy of the computer
parts shall be verified by using an independent computer system (e.g. PC).
2.1 CALIBRATION DOCUMENTS
The procedures shall contain a step-by-step description of the sequence of the various calibrations,
and include standardised forms for calibration results. These forms shall be arranged such that the
errors before and after any adjustment are evident. All calibration reports shall be available for
inspection at the site where the calibrations are taking place.
2.2 INSPECTION OF THE METERING TUBES
Requirements for the orifice measurement; if there are signs that the inner surface or dimensions of
the meter tubes have been changed by deposits, corrosion or erosion, then, the inner surface of the
meter tubes must be inspected. When the tubes have been in operation for one year, the quality of
the inner surface shall be verified in accordance with the applied standard.
2.3 INSPECTION OF FLOW METERS
The orifice plates shall be regularly inspected. The inspection shall, as a minimum, include a visual
check of edge sharpness, surface roughness and flatness. An inspection shall be carried out
immediately after start up, thereafter, to begin with at least once a month. Subsequently longer
interval between inspections may be determined. If damages or wear-and-tear are detected by these

inspections, the period between the inspections shall be reduced. The orifice plate shall be
inspected after every incident, which is likely to have influenced its fiscal quality.
Ultrasonic flow meter should be re-calibrated at a traceable laboratory when needed. A sample
check to verify the various transducers would be to check the zero point in a test cell. Alarm list,
which defines critical alarms and describes the way of handling of them, should be developed. It
should be defined how critical alarms are to be monitored by self-diagnosis in the computer. When
using ultrasonic flow meters, the supervisory computer should calculate velocity of sound (VOS)
based on P, T and gas composition to monitor the VOS calculated by the ultrasonic flow meters.
The ultrasonic flow meter shall be tested in the upper and lower part of the range, and at three
points distributed between the minimum and the maximum values. Five repeats shall be made for
each point. When the zero point correction and calibration factor correction are done, the deviation
from the reference shall be less than +/-0.5% the requirement applies to velocities above 5% of
maximum range. The calibration factor, which derives from the calibration, shall always be used.
The relevant parameters to be logged and documented during calibration should be:
Gain Factor: Velocity of sound and velocity of flow for each sound path.
The most important part of a flow test is to determine that the transducers can handle the specified
gas velocity. Accordingly, for large meters this will require a need to perform tests at lower pressure
than the operational pressure, to increase the gas velocity.
3.0 CALIBRATION OF THE TURBINE METERS
When the measurement system is placed in service, a number of calibrations of the turbine meters
shall be executed to verify that the requirements from repeatability and linearity are fulfilled. It shall
also be determined to what extent the calibration factor is affected by flow rate, temperature,
pressure and composition of crude when these vary within their normal operating range.
The calibration of the turbine meters shall then satisfy the following:
(a) If, after the above-mentioned checks, there is a clear correlation between
calibration factor, flow rate, pressure, temperature, density, or composition, then
a limit for each of these parameters shall be established. A new calibration shall
be carried out if any parameter exceeds its limit.
(b) The time interval between calibrations of the turbine meter use shall not exceed 4
days. When tanker loading is used at least one calibration factor for each turbine
meter in use shall be established in each loading period.
4.0 CALIBRATION OF THE TRANSDUCERS
All sensors shall be followed up by continuous monitoring and/or by calibration at regular intervals
in order to verify the requirements given in sections 34-38. The calibration check shall include a
number of values within the operating range of the sensor. (Densitometers are checked by a zero
point check or another relevant method)
If the outlet signal from the sensors exceeds the present limits a new calibration shall be undertaken.
The calibration methods shall be such that the systematic measurement errors, as a result of the
deviation between calibration conditions and operating conditions, as avoided or are compensated
for.

The transmission of signals from the transducer to the computer shall be verified at the same time as
the check/calibration of the transducers takes place.
Typical limits when calibrating temperature and pressure transducers could be:
+= 0.20 C deviation from set valve at 10 C and 450C.
+= 0.10.C deviation from set value at 150C, 300 C and 350 C
+= 0.2 barg deviation from set value at 1.5 barg. +=0.1barg deviation from set value at 7.5.15 and
22.5 barg
The instrument loops include all equipment, datalinks etc. from the inlet on the sensor to the visual
display of the computer.
In the case of continuous monitoring (condition based maintenance) a certain number of
individuals for each parameter at each measurement station must always be subject to traceable
calibration as minimum annually in order to ensure that traceable reference is maintained.
Comparison of newly calibrated instrumentation with other corresponding instrumentation at the
measurement station must subsequently be carried out, to ensure that the traceable reference is
maintained.
5.0 INSPECTION OF THE SIGNAL TRANSMISSION FROM THE TRANSDUCERS TO
THE COMPUTER.
If a transducer for technical reasons, must be removed from the pipe for calibration, the signal
transmission may be checked by replacing the transducers by a signal generator.
The orifice plates shall be certified in accordance with recognise standard prior to installation. They
shall then be rectified if visible damage is detected at the routine inspection.
During the operational phase, the parameters relevant to verify the condition of the meter shall be
checked. Zero point check of the transducers by using an external test cell shall be done if
weakened or if an alarm mode so indicates, the necessary verification and corrections shall be done.
5.1 CHECKING OF THE QUALITY OF THE DATA TRANSMISSION LINES.
It shall be possible to check the quality of the data links in operating mode or calibration mode by a
report or a print out which gives a measure of the quality of the data transmission.

(C) TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

1.0 Necessary tests
1.1 General
This annex outlines the minimum test requirements for fiscal measurement systems.
A written record is to be made of all tests and results and copies made available to the purchaser if
required.
The objective of the acceptance tests will be to assure that the systems meets the functional and
technical requirements described in this document. Supplier shall prepare acceptance test
procedures for factory and on-site acceptance tests, which shall demonstrate that all specifications
of this document and subsequent functional design document are met. Operator will review and

comment, as necessary, to arrive at a mutually agreeable acceptance test procedure prior to start of
testing.
The equipment shall undergo a factory acceptance test prior to shipping. Personnel from purchaser
will normally witness the test and decide if the equipment has performed satisfactorily. Any
problems found shall be corrected by the Supplier, who shall demonstrate that any discrepancies
have been corrected prior to shipment.
The supplier shall at each test, as a minimum demonstrate the following:

The capability and proper operation of the hardware and software.

The equipments ability to meet all functional and technical requirements described in this
document.

That all the expandability requirements are included.

That the communications software and hardware work properly.

Satellite communication, if applicable.

The operation of the graphics package.

That all counters, registers, internal switches, etc. will be reset at the correct hour (project
specific) each day, in such a way that no data is lost and there is no effect on the accuracy of
calculations made following the turn-over.

That no data will be lost/changed if switching over to a standby system (project specific).

That all calculations are correct.

Interface/total functional test to the SAS-system including displays, alarms, operator

interactions etc.

1.2 Supplier internal system test

This test shall be performed as described above. There shall be an arrangement to simulate all field
signals into the system and indicating or metering instruments to monitor the output signals of the
system. This test must be documented as described in FAT procedure, and completed before the
next test is performed.
1.3 Purchasers factory acceptance test
This test shall be performed as described above for all systems. The test shall be arranged as
follows:

The test will start with a review of suppliers documentation of the following:
- All software is tested and is free of patches
- All hardware modules have been tested in accordance with recognised industrial standards,
with regard to susceptibility to environmental conditions, such as variations in signal and
supply voltages.
- Result of suppliers test as per above procedure.

The purchaser will then perform the test on his own, assisted by supplier's personnel as
required.

During the test purchaser may also introduce some reasonable additional tests to check that
the system operates accurately under normal or abnormal operating conditions.

This test must be completed before the next test is performed.

1.4 Site/yard acceptance test
Verification of system after power-up, full load test. Integrated test with SAS. Operating manuals
must be available for this test.
1.5 On-site/commissioning verification test
A simplified version of the FAT will be performed again after the equipment has been shipped onsite.
Field instruments i.e. secondary instruments shall prior to start up, be traceably re-calibrated by an
accredited laboratory to international/national standards before the instruments are taken into
service.
After being pressurised, before being put into operation, the ultrasonic flow meter shall be checked
to verify velocity of sound and zero flow point for each individual sound path. The supplier shall
determine deviation limits for the various parameters, before the meter is put into service.
The equipment will be accepted as operational after all required functions have been demonstrated
and proven to be in actual operation.
2.0 Test of individual components
2.1 Test Equipment
All test equipment shall be of standard and precision which is appropriate to the tests to be
performed, with calibration certificates from an accredited laboratory.
2.2 Inspection and testing of Field Instruments
The turbine and ultrasonic flow meter shall be tested in the upper and lower part of the range, and at
three points distributed between the maximum and minimum values. Five repeats shall be made for
each point. When the zero flow point correction (ultrasonic flow meter) and the calibration factor
correction are done, the deviation from the reference shall be less than 0.5% for Class A and
1.5% for Class B. The repeatability shall be 0.50 % (band) for Class A and 1.0 % (band) for Class
B.
These requirements apply to velocities above 5% of maximum range. The calibration factor, which
derives from the calibration, shall always be used.
An inspection/test shall take place when the metering skids have been fully completed in all details
and prior to purchasers factory acceptance test. The inspection/test will as a minimum comprise.

Check that all instruments are installed in such a way that they will give correct
measurement and easy calibration.

Review of calibration certificates for field instruments. Recent calibration certificates for all
instruments within the skids shall be available. This inspection/test will be witnessed/made
by the purchaser.

2.3 Inspection and Testing of OGC

In addition to checks and verification of leakage testing, tagging, workmanship etc., the tests listed
below should be performed to check the gas chromatograph system's functions.

2.4 Functional Acceptance Test Procedures

The following tests should be performed to check the gas chromatograph system's functions.
2.5 Ability to separate components.
A gas sample containing all components present in the actual process gas shall be applied to the
sample inlet of the gas chromatograph. The associated chromatograms for five consecutive runs
shall be evaluated.
2.6 Stability test.
Apply calibration gas with hydrocarbon components up to C5 and nitrogen and carbon dioxide to
the sample inlet of the gas chromatograph and analyse continuously for 48 hours. Check on the
printouts of normalised values that the precision is within the requirements given.

2.7 Linearity test.

Three different certified calibration gases containing nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane,
propane, i-butane, n-butane and n-pentane should successively be applied for 10 consecutive cycles
to the inlet of the gas chromatograph. One of the calibration gases shall be close to the normal
sample gas composition. In the two other gases the components shall be so balanced that the
extremes of expected compositions are covered.
The calibration gases shall have the accuracy defined in section 9.1.3.
The deviation between the reading of normalised value from the gas chromatograph and the
certified value for any component for any calibration gas shall be so that criteria given in section
9.1.4.1 is fulfilled.
2.8 Calculation test.
The calculation of the relevant gas properties performed by the computer part of the gas
chromatography like gross calorific value, real standard density, Wobbe index etc. shall be checked
for three different gas compositions. The compositions are entered into the computer. The
calculations shall be checked against reference calculations to be within 0.001 % of specified
value.
2.9 Auto-calibration function.
The function automatic calibration shall be checked by connecting a gas sample to the process gas
inlet and a calibration gas to the calibration gas inlet. Calibration interval and number of
consecutive calibration runs (for example 3) shall be entered. With this configuration the
chromatograph should run for minimum 24 hours allowing for at least four calibration runs. It
should be checked that the calibration reports and the updating of the response factors are according
to specifications. Included in the test shall also be a check of the criteria for accepting the response
factor found during the calibration.
2.10 Output signals.
The output signals, analogue, digital or serial links should be checked for correct information.
2.11 Alarm and event messages.

Any alarm situation shall be simulated and it should be checked that the corresponding alarms are
set and presented according to specifications. For example on flashing lights, on displays, on
printers, on the serial communications etc.
2.12 System test.
Apply reference gas to the inlet of the sampling system which shall include preconditioning and
conditioning cabinets as close as possible to normal operating temperature and at a minimum,
medium and maximum operating pressure for 10 analysing cycles at each pressure. The readings of
normalised values shall not depend on the pressure and the reading of the normalised values shall be
within the required repeatability.
2.13 Other instrument Equipment tests
Instrument panels which form part of the total measurement package shall undergo the functional
tests as stated in the approved supplier test procedure.
The complete panels with all the equipment installed and connected, shall be tested for electric
continuity, insulation and earth, and shall be heat soak tested as mutually agreed.
The supplier shall, before shipment, visually inspect, calibrate where necessary, and functionally
test all instruments, which are included in the package instrumentation system. This shall apply
whether instruments are mounted on the package, mounted but disconnected for shipment, or
shipped loose for installation at the module construction yard or on-site.
Spool pieces shall be provided for all in line instruments that will have to be removed for flushing,
pre-commissioning or commissioning tasks.

2.14 Preservation
The entire fiscal metering system shall be protected against corrosion and other damages during
export shipment and storage. Supplier shall propose methods, procedure and conditions of warranty
for period from FAT to start up operation.

REFERENCES
The following standards include provisions, which through reference in this text constitute
provisions of this procedure guide. Other recognized standards may be provided if it can be shown
that they meet or exceed the requirements of the standards referenced below.
ISO 1000
ISO 5024
ISO 5167-1

ISO 6568
ISO 6976
ISO 9000-3
ISO 9951

SI units and recommendations for use of their multiples and of certain other units.
Measurement - Standard reference conditions
Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices Part 1:
Orifice plates, nozzles and Ventura tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits
running full
Natural gas - Simple analysis by gas chromatography
Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe
index from composition
Guidelines for the application of the ISO 9001 to the development, supply and
maintenance of software.
Measurement of gas flow in closed conduits - Turbine meters

ISO 10715
ISO 10723
ISO 12213-1
ISO 12213-2
ISO 12213-3

Natural Gas Sampling Guidelines

Performance evaluation of on line analytical systems
Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor Part 1: Introduction and
guidelines
Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor Part 2: Calculation using molarcomposition analysis
Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor Part 3: Calculation using physical
properties