Users Manual

Check synchroscope type CSQ-2

4189340218K (UK)

Multi function, precision LED synchronoscope

Easy push-button programming of all set-points
Very high user safety

DEIF A/S

High immunity to harmonic distortion

Dead bus functionality
Special version for marine applications

DEIF A/S
Tel.:
(+45) 9614 9614
Frisenborgvej 33, DK-7800 Skive Fax:
(+45) 9614 9615
Denmark
E-mail: deif@deif.com

List of contents

1.

Warnings, legal information and notes to CE-marking ..............................3

2.

Application and functionality summary .......................................................3

3.
3.1
3.2

Operation of display, pushbuttons and LEDs .............................................6

LEDs ................................................................................................................7
Settings ............................................................................................................8

4.
4.1

Terminal list ..................................................................................................10

Overview of the terminals...............................................................................10

5.
Wiring diagrams ...........................................................................................11
5.1
AC input connections .....................................................................................11
5.1.1 Connection diagram .......................................................................................11
6.

Commissioning ............................................................................................12

7.

Technical data ..............................................................................................12

8.

Dimensions...................................................................................................14

9.

Order specifications ....................................................................................14

Example of an order specification for the CSQ-2.................................................14

Appendix 1: Setting and parameters for synchronising ......................................15
Settings ....................................................................................................................15
Guidelines for setting of the CSQ-2.......................................................................17
Visual representation of the parameters...............................................................17

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

1. Warnings, legal information and notes to CE-marking

This manual gives general guidelines on how to install and operate the CSQ-2.
Installing and operating the CSQ-2 implies work with dangerous currents and
voltages. Therefore this should only be done by qualified personnel. DEIF A/S takes
no responsibility for operation or installation. If there is any doubt about how to install
or operate the system on which the CSQ-2 is measuring, the company responsible for
the installation or the operation must be contacted.
The CSQ-2 is CE-marked with respect to the EMC directive for residential, commercial
and light industry plus industrial environment. This covers all environment types where
the CSQ-2 can normally be used.
The CSQ-2 is CE-marked with respect to the low-voltage directive for up to 300V
phase to ground voltage, installation category (overvoltage category) III and pollution
degree 2. 300V phase to ground voltage corresponds to 480V phase to phase voltage
in 4-wire networks and 500V phase to phase voltage in 3-wire networks.
The package contains the following items:

Check synchroscope CSQ-2 unit

Users manual
Two fixing clamps
A plugable connection (mounted on the unit)
Cable for system status output (only marine version)

2. Application and functionality summary

The CSQ-2 check synchroscope is a microprocessor-based synchronising unit
providing measurement of all relevant values for synchronising a generator to a net
(busbar). It is used in any kind of installation where manual or semi-automatic
synchronising is required.
In the CSQ-2 there is a possibility of adjusting the following synchronising
requirements: The voltage difference between GEN and BB, the size of the phase
window and the length of the synchronising pulse.
In addition to that there is an indication of UGEN TOO HIGH or UGEN TOO LOW (red
LEDs), phase difference within the preset window OK, (yellow LED), and finally
synchronising output active, SYNC. (green LED).

4189340218K (UK)

Display/reading
The unit measures the two inputs voltages: Generator (GEN) and busbar (BB),
respectively. The phase difference from GENs zero-crossing to BBs zero-crossing is
calculated by the processor and is shown on the LED circle, consisting of 36 red
LEDs.
The red LEDs are only lit one at a time and its position indicates the phase difference
between GEN and BB. The lit LED simulates the pointer tip of an analog pointer
instrument. If the LED is lit in the 12 oclock position, the phase difference is 0
degrees. In the 6 oclock position, 180 degrees etc. With 36 LEDs the resolution is 10
degrees.
The movement of the lit LEDs position indicates the frequency difference between
GEN and BB. If the indication is turning clockwise (too fast), the GEN frequency is too
high in proportion to the BB frequency. If the indication is turning counter-clockwise,
the proportion is inversed. The rate of the motion tells about the frequency difference.
The faster the rotation, the bigger the frequency difference, e.g. 1 rotation per second
= 1Hz. If the BB frequency is 50Hz and the rotation turns right, the GEN frequency will
be 51Hz in this example.
If the frequency difference between GEN and BB is becoming too big (>3Hz), the
circular motion stops and a LED will be lit at the too fast or too slow mark,
dependent on which direction the GEN frequency has to be adjusted to.
Normal synchronising
The unit automatically calculates the synchronising parameters to check if there is the
required space for the synchronising inside the preset phase window. These
calculations compare the frequency difference with tR and the size of the phase
window. When tR is set to , td can be set by the user and is then included in the
calculations instead of tR.
If the window is set symmetrically, both under-frequency synchronising and overfrequency synchronising is possible.
Under- or over-frequency synchronising
When the window is set asymmetrically the following functionality is possible:
If the window is set asymmetrically with a higher positive than negative
value, only synchronising with the generator input at lower frequency than the
busbar input is possible (under-frequency synchronising).
If the window is set asymmetrically with a lower positive than negative
value, only synchronising with the generator input at higher frequency than the
busbar input is possible (over-frequency synchronising).
Note:
This function is not active with tR set to .

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

Dead bus synchronising
When the dead bus function is set, the synchronising relay will be activated and the
green LED (SYNC) will be lit, when the busbar voltage is below the dead busbar
preset level and the GEN voltage exceeds 80% of nominal value.
Power up reset
The unit will operate when the GEN voltage exceeds 80% of the nominal value. Below
this level no functionality is obtained.
P supervision output
Due to the demands from the classification societies (GL) a special optocoupler output
has been added on the marine version.
From this output it is possible to supervise the internal microprocessor (P).
If an error is present, the output changes state from a low to a high impedance (open
collector output).

4189340218K (UK)

3. Operation of display, pushbuttons and LEDs

To get access to the settings, remove the front frame and the front foil.

The CSQ-2 can be operated in two different modes: "Normal mode" and "setting
mode". Normal mode is used to display measuring values, and setting mode is used
to view the settings or change them to the desired functionality.

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

3.1 LEDs
The CSQ-2 has the following LEDs on the fronts showing different operating
information.
LEDs on primary front (normal mode):
LED

Colour

Function

Circle

Red

SYNC.

Green

OK

Yellow

The lit LED in the circle shows the phase difference between
GEN and BUSBAR
All preset sync. parameters are OK, and the output relay is
activated
The phase difference between GEN and BUSBAR is within
the preset window
The voltage difference between GEN and BUSBAR is outside
the preset range. UGEN is too high
The voltage difference between GEN and BUSBAR is outside
the preset range. UGEN is too low

UGEN
Red
TOO HIGH
UGEN
Red
TOO LOW

LEDs on secondary front (setting mode):

LED

Colour

Function

Circle

Red

Parts of the circle are used as scales for the different settings

Yellow

Shows that the scale is active

td

Yellow

tR

Yellow

Shows that the td scale is active.

Please notice that td only becomes active with tR set to
Shows that the tR scale is active

Yellow

Shows that the U scale is active

Ubus

Yellow

Shows that the Ubus scale (dead-bus) is active

For further information about the settings, please see appendix 1.

4189340218K (UK)

3.2 Settings
MODE:

NORMAL

U max.

U min.

SET/VIEW
pos

SET/VIEW
NEG

SET/VIEW
tr

YES
tr =

NO

SET/VIEW
td

SET/ACTIVATE
DEAD-BUS
SAVE
automatically

NORMAL

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

Operation
The operation occurs via the secondary foil accessible when the primary foil/front
frame is removed. The operation occurs by means of 3 pushbuttons: Mode (toggle),
up arrow () and down arrow ().
Control of settings
The mode button is held down for about 2-3 seconds to obtain the setting mode. This is
confirmed by the fact that the LED is lit at the U scale and that the setting of the U
max. parameter can be read on the matching scale. With and the setting can be
changed.
For every subsequent push on the mode button, a change to the next parameter occurs.
These can be read and changed in a corresponding way. When mode is pushed after
the last parameter, one returns to normal mode.
When leaving the last setting menu, the LED circle rotates to indicate that the current
setting has been saved automatically.
Please notice that the preset window, U and , is divided into two separate settings,
making asymmetrical setting of this parameter possible.
Also please notice that if the settings are changed unintentionally, these are saved when
the setting mode is left.
Change of range
The normal range of is -20...-5 and 5...20 in 1 steps.
This can be changed to -40...-10 and 10...40 in 2 steps.
Step down to the 20 point with the down arrow button. While pressing the down arrow
button, press the up arrow button and the scale will change from normal range to the
scale 2 x normal range. Press the up arrow button to return to normal range. While
pressing the up arrow button, press the down arrow button, and the scale will change
from 2 x normal range to normal range. Please notice that the 2 x normal range mode
is indicated on the LED circle by activation of 2 LEDs each time is changed.
Factory settings
When the product is delivered from the factory, the following basic settings will be set:
U:
tR :
:
Dead bus:

5% of UBB
0.5 sec.
10
OFF

Restorage of factory settings

Activate the two arrow buttons simultaneously. While doing this hold down the mode
button for approximately 5 seconds. Then the LED circle will light up and rotate to
indicate that the factory settings have been restored.
4189340218K (UK)

4. Terminal list
4.1 Overview of the terminals
Terminal
no.
1
2

Signal
symbol
R (L1)
S (L2)

Signal name

3
4

SYNC.
SYNC.

Relay output
Relay output

5
6

R (L1)
S (L2)

Generator voltage
Generator voltage

Busbar voltage
Busbar voltage

Only on marine version:

System status circuit off
= failure

+ open collector
- open collector

Rear view of the unit:

Land version

Marine version

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

5. Wiring diagrams
5.1 AC input connections
When ordering the CSQ-2, the correct range of voltage inputs must be specified. They
must be connected as shown below.

5.1.1 Connection diagram

Note 1:
When the CSQ-2 is applied to emit a ready to sync. signal (tR is set to ), and it is
not directly controlling closing of the breaker, it is necessary to connect the CSQ-2
immediately before the ready signal is required, as the CSQ-2 disables check of the
voltage difference (U) when the internal synchronising relay is activated.

4189340218K (UK)

6. Commissioning
Before commissioning:

Check phases for correct voltage and correct

direction of rotary (phase sequence).

Warning:

Incorrect voltage may lead to malfunction and

damage of the unit.

7. Technical data
Accuracy:

2 (electrical degrees)

Resolution:

10 (36 LEDs)

Settings, range:

:
U:
tR :
td :
Ubus offset:

520 in 1 steps or
1040 in 2 steps
110% in 1% steps
01 sec. in 0.1 sec. steps or
01 sec. in 0.1 sec. steps
Off or 4 levels of noise suppression
(dead bus)

Max. frequency difference:

No limit

Input range (UN):

100127V AC (115V AC) or

220240V AC (230V AC) or
380415V AC (400V AC) or
440450V AC (450V AC)

Busbar input:

Load: 2k/V

Generator input:

(Max. 2VA). Also supply for the unit

Max. input voltage:

1.2 x UN, continuously

2 x UN for 10 sec.

Frequency range:

4070Hz (supply)

Relay contact:

1 SPST-NO-contact

Relay contact ratings:

(Gold plate silver alloy)

Resistive loads: AC1:

DC1:
Inductive loads: AC15:
DC13:

Life mechanical:

2 x 10

Life electrical:

1 x 10 (nominal value)

8A, 250V AC
8A, 24V DC
3A, 250V AC
3A, 24V DC

7
5

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

Optocoupler output:

System status off = failure

NpN optocoupler output
Max. 40V, 10mA
2 wires AWG 20 (red/black)
30 mm length
(Only in marine version)

Temperature:

-1055C (nominal)
-2570C (operating)
-4070C (storage)

Temperature drift:

Set-points:
Max. 0.2% of full scale per 10C

Galvanic separation:

Between inputs and outputs

2.2kV - 50Hz - 1 min.

Climate:

HSE, to DIN40040

EMC:

According to EN50081-1/2, EN50082-1/2,

SS4364503 (PL4) and IEC255-3

Connections:

Max. 2.5 mm (single-stranded)

2
Max. 1.5 mm (multi-stranded)

Materials:

All plastic parts are self-extinguishing to UL94 (V0)

Protection:

Front: IP52. Terminals: IP20

According to IEC529 and EN60529

Type approval:

For current approvals please see www.deif.com

(Only valid for marine version)

Dimensions:

Please see drawing in section 8

Panel cut-out:

91 x 91 1 mm

Weight:

< 0.35 kg

4189340218K (UK)

8. Dimensions

All dimensions in mm

9. Order specifications
Input voltage and type must be specified when ordering the CSQ-2.
Order specification for the CSQ-2 consists of the following:
CSQ-2 - UN - type
where UN and type are as follows:
Code
UN

Function
Input voltage

Options
115V: (100127V AC input range)
230V: (220240V AC input range)
415V: (380...415V AC input range)

Type

450V: (440...450V AC input range)

Land: Means the land version without GL
approval. This is the standard version.
Marine: Means the marine version with GL
approval and equipped with an additional
output for surveillance.

Example of an order specification for the CSQ-2

CSQ-2 415V Marine
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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

Appendix 1: Setting and parameters for synchronising

Settings
U
Here the allowed relative voltage difference between GEN and busbar is adjusted.
The regulating range is 110% in steps of 1%. The adjustment is made individually
for UMIN and UMAX, so asymmetrical adjustment is possible. The setting is done
according to the following formula:
(UGEN UBUSBAR) x 100
UMIN,UMAX =
UBUSBAR
If the preset value is exceeded, one of the two UGEN LEDs will emit red light, and
synchronising is not possible.
If the generator voltage is too low, the UGEN too low LED will be lit.
If the generator voltage is too high, the UGEN too high LED will be lit.
If both the UGEN LEDs are lit simultaneously, there is an over-voltage error on the
input. In this case, disconnect the unit and check the applied voltage level!

Here the phase window is adjusted, in which synchronising can take place. The
adjustment starts from 5 and the window can open symmetrically or asymmetrically
around this value.
The regulating range is -20...-5 and 5...20, in 1 steps or
-40...-10 and 10...40, in 2 steps.
tR
Here the length of the pulse for the synchronising relay is adjusted.
The regulating range is 0...1 sec. in steps of 0.1 sec. or .
This function makes it possible to adjust the synchronising pulse according to the
external breakers demands (closing time).
For special purposes it is also possible to adjust tR to (infinite). This setting will (after
td has expired) provide a synchronising pulse as long as the following conditions are
met:

Phase is inside the phase window

Voltage > 70% of UNOMINAL

td
Here the time is adjusted, in which the phase difference must be inside the preset
synchronising window to allow SYNC. The regulating range is 0...1 sec. in steps of 0.1
sec.
td is only activated if tR is set to .
4189340218K (UK)

Dead bus
The possibility of closing the circuit breaker even though the busbar voltage is
missing. There is an extra adjustment, UBUS, where the level of dead busbar can be
set. This facility makes dead bus synchronising possible, even though there is noise
on the busbar. The regulating range is off or 10...40% of UN in steps of 10%.
Setting
OFF
10
20
30
40

Dead bus function UBUS

De-activated
Activated within the range 15-25% of actual generator voltage > 70%
Activated within the range 25-30% of actual generator voltage > 70%
Activated within the range 30-40% of actual generator voltage > 70%
Activated within the range 40-50% of actual generator voltage > 70%

Please notice that this setting is a coarse step regulation for suppression of possible
noise on the busbar. The scale 10-20-30-40 should therefore be considered more as
a 4 level noise suppression than as an accurate measuring setting.
Example:
The example is based on a 100V busbar system.
The dead bus setting is chosen to 10. When the generator voltage is higher than 70V,
the CSQ-2 is activated, see note 1 below. When the dead bus function is activated,
the CSQ-2 will check the busbar voltage. If this is below 1525V, the CSQ-2 will send
a closing signal to the breaker. In some cases where long wires (busbars) are
connected to the CSQ-2, humming or noise picked up by the dead busbar can result
in a higher input voltage than 25V. To avoid that, adjust the setting for dead bus to 20
and try again. If the humming is very high, a setting of 30 or 40 can be necessary to
prevent humming (noise) to interfere with the dead bus function. If the dead bus
function is activated and the setting is 10, and the humming is higher than 1525V
but below 30V, the CSQ-2 will only activate the U LED indicating that the generator
voltage is too high. If the humming is higher than 30V, the CSQ-2 will start to indicate
the frequency and phase relationship by activating the LED circle. No sync. pulse will
be transmitted because the U voltage LED will still be active, indicating that the
voltage difference is too high. During commissioning this must be observed to make
sure that the dead bus noise suppressor is set correctly. After the breaker has been
closed, the sync. relay will stay on until the timer tR expires (01 sec). When tR
expires, the 12 oclock position and the OK LED will be illuminated. If infinite sync.
relay pulse is chosen, the sync. pulse will stay on also after the breaker is closed, this
is indicated by all 3 LEDs in 12 oclock position being lit.
Note 1:
The CSQ-2 is power supplied from the generator input, the busbar input is only for
measuring.

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

Guidelines for setting of the CSQ-2

Visual representation of the parameters
The figure below shows the different parameters:

Commissioning
Normally tR is adjusted so it equals the circuit breakers closing time and -/+ to
max. allowed synchronising error.
Please notice that the CSQ-2 calculates space for tR (breaker closing time) within the
chosen window at the actual f (slip frequency). Therefore the max. synchronising
error will never exceed the chosen window.
Calculation example
The breaker closing time is 200mS, and tR is chosen to 200mS. The phase window is
set symmetrically to 10 (electrical degrees). Then the max. f can be calculated
using the following formula:

f =

(-) + (+)
360 x tR

f =

10 + 10
= 0.278Hz
360 x 0.2

Synchronising relay pulse will not be emitted if f exceeds 0.278Hz.

4189340218K (UK)

Calculation of the actual synchronising error not to be mistaken for the max.
synchronising error which is solely determined by the chosen window
The next examples apply to situations where tR is set in the range 0.1...1 sec.
Example:
With a slip frequency (f) of 0.1Hz the phase changes with a rate of 36/sec. If is
set to 10 and tR is set to 0.2 sec. = breaker closing time, the actual synchronising
error can be calculated.
The moment the phase is within the set phase window (), the relay of the CSQ-2 is
activated on condition that there is space for the chosen tR, in this case 0.2 sec. If f is
too big, it will cause lack of space for the chosen tR time within the chosen window.
Example 1:
With a phase change of 36/sec. the phase will change 7.2 during the 0.2 sec. This
means that we can now calculate the phase displacement at the exact moment when
the breaker closes. is set to -10 and +10. The CSQ-2 relay will be activated -10
before top (12 oclock position), and after 7.2 the breaker closes which means that
the breaker closes 10 - 7.2 = 2.8 before top, that is an actual synchronising error of
-2.8. Applying the formula on page 17, the max. f with the shown settings can be
calculated to be 0.277Hz.
Example 2:
If we assume that the slip frequency in the actual case is 0.2Hz, the phase changes
with a rate of 72/sec. With a phase change of 72/sec. the phase will change 14.4
during the 0.2 sec. which gives a synchronising error of 10 - 14.4 = -4.4. The
negative result means that the breaker closed 4.4 after top, that is an actual
synchronising error of +4.4.
Example 3:
The same as examples 1 and 2, but with a slip frequency of 0.3Hz = 108/sec. At tR =
0.2 sec. the phase will change 21.6. As the window is set to 10, the CSQ-2 will
calculate that there is no longer space for a tR pulse of 0.2 sec., and therefore no relay
pulse is emitted.
General formula for the above-mentioned:
Actual synchronising error = (-) - 360 x f x breaker closing time (tR).
Alternatively at negative slip frequency:
Actual synchronising error = (+) - 360 x f x breaker closing time (tR).
If the result is negative, the synchronising will take place after top (0) provided that
there is space for tR within the window.
If you want to avoid synchronising after top, is set asymmetrically. At positive slip
frequency (f) as in the shown example a setting of - to -10 and + to +5 would
have as a result that synchronising after top of more than 5 would not be possible.

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Users manual, Check synchroscope CSQ-2

The length of the relay pulse tR can never be set to a lower value than the breaker
closing time, whereas tR can be set to a higher value if you want the max. slip
frequency (f) to be lower to limit the rush of current of the breaker (the generators) in
connection with the synchronising.
Example:
In the light of the above-mentioned examples tR is changed to 0.4 sec. With a slip
frequency (f) of 0.1Hz = 36/sec. and tR = 0.4 sec. the phase changes 14.4 during
the 0.4 sec. If is set to 10, the CSQ-2 will calculate that there is space for tR.
With this setting the synchronising error will be identical with the synchronising error in
example 1 (-2.8) as the breaker closing time is the same (0.2 sec.). But the max. f
can now only be 0.138Hz and not, as in example 1, 0.277Hz. The max. slip frequency
(f) could also be controlled by setting differently. If was set to 5 instead of
10 the max. f would be 0.138Hz at tR = 0.2 sec. With this setting and a f of 0.1Hz,
the actual synchronising error will be +2.2. Please notice that the breaker now closes
2.2 after top and not, as in example 1, 2.8 before top. The choise of setting must be
based on the knowledge of the actual installation in which the CSQ-2 is applied. But
the examples are to show that tR and are inextricably connected and influence the
same parameters, but with different results as to the calculation of the actual
synchronising error.
If tR is set to infinite (), the max. allowable f can no longer be controlled by means
of tR. When tR is set to infinite, the setting of td is automatically activated. Infinite tR is
primarily used where the CSQ-2 is applied as supervision of an automatic
synchronising system or in connection with closing of a tie breaker where you want to
check frequency, phase and voltage to be within certain values before the breaker is
closed.
The setting of td is to be calculated from and the estimated max. allowable f.
(-) + (+)
td =
360 x f
Example 1:
is set to 7, and a max. f of 0.05Hz at the moment of synchronising is estimated
to be allowable.
| -7 | +7 |
td =
360 x 0.05
td = 0.77 sec. ~ 0.8 sec.
Please notice that when tR is set to infinite (), the synchronising pulse (the relay
contact of the CSQ-2) is interrupted the moment the phase is outside the set phase
window. As the timer td starts the moment the phase is within the set phase window
, and is to expire in the period the phase is still within the phase window before the
synchronising pulse is emitted, it means in the shown example that with an actual f
4189340218K (UK)

of 0.049Hz the synchronising pulse would only be 18 msec. To avoid transmission of

such a short synchronising pulse, the CSQ-2 performs a calculation based on f and
the actual phase window to make room for a synchronising pulse of at least 100
msec. Referring to example 1, 100 msec must be subtracted from the calculated td to
allow a max. f of 0.05Hz.
Function in particular situations:
In connection with test on desk the CSQ-2 is normally connected to the same supply
point so that frequency and phase are completely identical on the generator input and
the busbar input. At this test form the following must be noticed:
The first time the CSQ-2 is connected, synchronising pulse is emitted whether the
window is set symmetrically or asymmetrically. If only the busbar input is interrupted
subsequently (the CSQ-2 is supplied with auxiliary voltage from the generator input),
synchronising pulse is only emitted if the interruption has lead to the result that the
window was left in connection with the interruption (occurs if the interruption results in
a noise pulse).
If is set asymmetrically so that only e.g. positive f is accepted, and f changes
sign (inverse direction) after the phase between generator and busbar is within the
phase window, the synchronising pulse is not interrupted until the window is left,
even if f has changed sign to negative f.
If f is changed to correct direction of rotation after the phase is within the phase
window, the CSQ-2 calculates if there is space for tR (the synchronising pulse), and in
that case synchronising pulse is emitted.
Errors and changes excepted

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