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Lecture 6
Lecture 6
Fire in Buildings 1
General Principles
Rafay Hasan
Feb 2016
Cause:
A spotlight too close to a
curtain
Faulty electrical
cable adjacent
highly flammable
foam furniture
1.8B
3.3B
Total
combustion
Partial
combustion
Vapour
Liquid
Solid
CONVECTION
RADIATION
Hot combustion
gases/smoke
Organic vapours
solid material
charred material
Pyrolysis
Ignition
source
Oxygen
Fuel
Hot smoke
High surface
temperature
Radiation
Hot smoke
Cold ventilation
air
Flash Over
Room temperature reaches about 600oC
most combustible materials in room are now pyrolysing
giving off flammable gases
Fire now very rapidly escalates as flammable gases ignite
temperature soon reaches 1200oC
1200
decay
Temp 0C
600
Flashover
Time
http://www.nist.gov/fire/upload/NS_
multi.wmv
Smoke Kills!
Steam
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Sulphuric Acid
Tar
Air
Un-burnt fuel vapour
Back-draught
When smoke in a ventilation controlled fire suddenly
receives more air for example
a window/wall/roof fails
someone opens a door
Hot, un-burnt
fuel vapour
Back-draught explosion
Compartmentation
http://www.info4fire.com/newscontent/full/cornwall-hotel-destroyedin-huge-fire-video
Fire
Relatively slow
oxidation
Paper
Wood
Plastics
Requires pyrolysis
Explosion
Very fast oxidation
Coal dust
Flour
Methane
LPG
Hydrogen
CONTAIN
DETECT
SAFE EVACUATION
MANUAL EXTINGUISH
Hand-held extinguishers
AUTO EXTINGUISH
MANAGEMENT
Responsible person
Risk assessments and reviews
Training of staff
BS 9999:2008
Code of Practice for the Design, Management and
Use of Buildings
BS 7974 (series)
Fire Safety Engineering in Buildings
BS EN 12845:2009
Design and Installation of Sprinklers in nondomestic properties
BS EN 15423:2008
Fire Protection for Air Distribution Systems in
Buildings
BS EN 12101 (series)
Smoke & heat control systems
BS 5908:2012
Fire and Explosion Precautions at premises handling
flammable gases, liquids and dusts