Rabbit

Bunny redirects here. For other uses, see Bunny species of rabbit, the tapeti, while most of South Amer(disambiguation).
icas southern cone is without rabbits.
Not to be confused with Rabbet.
The European rabbit has been introduced to many places
For other uses, see Rabbit (disambiguation).
around the world.[2]
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae
of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the
world. There are eight dierent genera in the family
classied as rabbits, including the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), cottontail rabbits (genus Sylvilagus; 13
species), and the Amami rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi, an
endangered species on Amami shima, Japan). There
are many other species of rabbit, and these, along with
pikas and hares, make up the order Lagomorpha. The
male is called a buck and the female is a doe; a young
rabbit is a kitten or kit.

2 Terminology
Male rabbits are called bucks; females are called does. An
older term for an adult rabbit is coney, while rabbit once
referred only to the young animals.[3] Another term for a
young rabbit is bunny, though this term is often applied
informally (especially by children) to rabbits generally,
especially domestic ones. More recently, the term kit or
kitten has been used to refer to a young rabbit. A young
hare is called a leveret; this term is sometimes informally
applied to a young rabbit as well.

Habitat and range

A group of rabbits is known as a colony, or nest (and occasionally a warren, though this more commonly refers to
where the rabbits live).[4] A group of young rabbits with
the same parentage is referred to as a litter, and a group
of domestic rabbits is sometimes called a herd.[5]

3 Biology

Outdoor entrance to a rabbit burrow

Rabbit habitats include meadows, woods, forests,

grasslands, deserts and wetlands.[1] Rabbits live in groups,
and the best known species, the European rabbit, lives in
underground burrows, or rabbit holes. A group of burrows is called a warren.[1]
More than half the worlds rabbit population resides in
North America.[1] They are also native to southwestern
Europe, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan,
and in parts of Africa and South America. They are not
naturally found in most of Eurasia, where a number of
species of hares are present. Rabbits rst entered South
America relatively recently, as part of the Great Amer- A skin-skeletal preparation showing its incisors
ican Interchange. Much of the continent has just one
1

3.1

3 BIOLOGY

Evolution

Wild rabbits do not dier much in their body proportions or stance, with full, egg-shaped bodies. Their size
can range anywhere from 20 cm (8 in) in length and 0.4
kg in weight to 50 cm (20 in) and more than 2 kg. The
fur is most commonly long and soft, with colors such as
shades of brown, gray, and bu. The tail is a little plume
of brownish fur (white on top for cottontails).[2] Rabbits
can see nearly 360 degrees, with a small blind spot at the
bridge of the nose.[9]

Because the rabbits epiglottis is engaged over the soft

palate except when swallowing, the rabbit is an obligate
nasal breather. Rabbits have two sets of incisor teeth,
one behind the other. This way they can be distinguished
from rodents, with which they are often confused.[6] Carl
Linnaeus originally grouped rabbits and rodents under the
class Glires; later, they were separated as the scientic
consensus is that many of their similarities were a result of
convergent evolution. However, recent DNA analysis and
the discovery of a common ancestor has supported the 3.3 Ecology
view that they share a common lineage, and thus rabbits
and rodents are now often referred to together as mem- Rabbits are hindgut digesters. This means that most of
their digestion takes place in their large intestine and
bers of the superorder Glires.[7]
cecum. In rabbits, the cecum is about 10 times bigger
than the stomach and it along with the large intestine
3.2 Morphology
makes up roughly 40% of the rabbits digestive tract.[10]
The unique musculature of the cecum allows the intestinal tract of the rabbit to separate brous material from
more digestible material; the brous material is passed
as feces, while the more nutritious material is encased in
a mucous lining as a cecotrope. Cecotropes, sometimes
called night feces, are high in minerals, vitamins and
proteins that are necessary to the rabbits health. Rabbits eat these to meet their nutritional requirements; the
mucous coating allows the nutrients to pass through the
acidic stomach for digestion in the intestines. This process allows rabbits to extract the necessary nutrients from
their food.[11]

Video of a European rabbit, showing ears twitching and a jump

A litter of rabbit kits (baby rabbits)

Set of wax models showing development of the rabbit heart

The rabbits long ears, which can be more than 10 cm

(4 in) long, are probably an adaptation for detecting
predators. They have large, powerful hind legs. The
two front paws have 5 toes, the extra called the dewclaw.
The hind feet have 4 toes.[8] They are plantigrade animals
while at rest; however, they move around on their toes
while running, assuming a more digitigrade form. Unlike
some other paw structures of quadruped mammals, especially those of domesticated pets, rabbit paws lack pads.
Their nails are strong and are used for digging; along with
their teeth, they are also used for defense.

Rabbits are prey animals and are therefore constantly

aware of their surroundings. For instance, in Mediterranean Europe, rabbits are the main prey of red foxes,
badgers, and Iberian lynxes.[12] If confronted by a potential threat, a rabbit may freeze and observe then warn
others in the warren with powerful thumps on the ground.
Rabbits have a remarkably wide eld of vision, and a good
deal of it is devoted to overhead scanning.[13] They survive predation by burrowing, hopping away in a zig-zag
motion, and, if captured, delivering powerful kicks with
their hind legs. Their strong teeth allow them to eat and
to bite in order to escape a struggle.[14] The expected wild
rabbit lifespan is about 3 years.

A nest containing baby rabbits

half-hour of a grazing period (usually in the late afternoon), followed by about half an hour of more selective feeding. In this time, the rabbit will also excrete
many hard fecal pellets, being waste pellets that will
not be reingested. If the environment is relatively nonthreatening, the rabbit will remain outdoors for many
hours, grazing at intervals. While out of the burrow,
the rabbit will occasionally reingest its soft, partially digested pellets; this is rarely observed, since the pellets
are reingested as they are produced. Reingestion is most
common within the burrow between 8 o'clock in the
morning and 5 o'clock in the evening, being carried out
intermittently within that period.

Hard pellets are made up of hay-like fragments of plant

cuticle and stalk, being the nal waste product after redi3.4 Sleep
gestion of soft pellets. These are only released outside
the burrow and are not reingested. Soft pellets are usually
Further information: Sleep (non-human)
produced several hours after grazing, after the hard pellets have all been excreted. They are made up of microRabbits are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk. organisms and undigested plant cell walls.
The average sleep time of a rabbit in captivity is said to The chewed plant material collects in the large cecum,
be 8.4 hours.[15] As with other prey animals, rabbits often a secondary chamber between the large and small intessleep with their eyes open so sudden movements will wake tine containing large quantities of symbiotic bacteria that
the rabbit and alert it to dangers.[16]
help with the digestion of cellulose and also produce certain B vitamins. The pellets are about 56% bacteria by
dry weight, largely accounting for the pellets being 24.4%
protein on average. The soft feces form here and con4 Diet and eating habits
tain up to ve times the vitamins of hard feces. After
being excreted, they are eaten whole by the rabbit and
redigested in a special part of the stomach. The pellets
remain intact for up to six hours in the stomach; the bacteria within continue to digest the plant carbohydrates.
This double-digestion process enables rabbits to use nutrients that they may have missed during the rst passage
through the gut, as well as the nutrients formed by the microbial activity and thus ensures that maximum nutrition
is derived from the food they eat.[2] This process serves
the same purpose within the rabbit as rumination does in
cattle and sheep.[18]
Rabbits are incapable of vomiting.[19]

A young rabbit looking through the grass.

Rabbits are herbivores that feed by grazing on grass,

forbs, and leafy weeds. In consequence, their diet contains large amounts of cellulose, which is hard to digest.
Rabbits solve this problem via a form of hindgut fermentation. They pass two distinct types of feces: hard droppings and soft black viscous pellets, the latter of which
are known as caecotrophs and are immediately eaten (a
behaviour known as coprophagy). Rabbits reingest their
own droppings (rather than chewing the cud as do cows
and many other herbivores) to digest their food further
and extract sucient nutrients.[17]

5 Rabbit diseases
For a more comprehensive list, see Category:Rabbit
diseases.
Rabbits can be aected by a number of diseases.
These include pathogens that also aect other animals
and/or humans, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and
Escherichia coli, as well as diseases unique to rabbits such
as rabbit haemorrhagic disease: a form of calicivirus,[20]
and myxomatosis.

Rabbits and hares are almost never found to be infected

with rabies and have not been known to transmit rabies to
Rabbits graze heavily and rapidly for roughly the rst humans.[21]

AS FOOD AND CLOTHING

Among the parasites that infect rabbits are tapeworms The only rabbit to be widely domesticated is the European
such as Taenia serialis, external parasites like eas and rabbit, which has been extensively bred for food and later
mites, coccidia species, and Toxoplasma gondii.[22][23]
as a pet. It was rst widely kept in ancient Rome and
has been rened into a wide variety of breeds during and
since the Middle Ages.

Dierences from hares

Main article: Hare

Domesticated rabbits have mostly been bred to be much

larger than wild rabbits, though selective breeding has
produced a range of sizes from dwarf to giant, which are
kept as pets and food animals across the world. They have
as much colour variation among themselves as other livestock and pet animals. Their fur is prized for its softness;
today, Angora rabbits are raised for their long, soft fur,
which is often spun into yarn. Other breeds are raised for
the fur industry, particularly the Rex, which has a smooth,
velvet-like coat and comes in a wide variety of colors and
sizes.

The most obvious dierence between rabbits and hares

is how their kits are born. Rabbits are altricial, having
young that are born blind and hairless. In contrast, hares
are precocial, born with hair and good vision. All rabbits except cottontail rabbits live underground in burrows
or warrens, while hares live in simple nests above the
ground (as do cottontail rabbits), and usually do not live
in groups. Hares are generally larger than rabbits, with
longer ears, larger and longer hind legs and have black
8 As food and clothing
markings on their fur. Hares have not been domesticated,
while European rabbits are both raised for meat and kept
See also: Domestic rabbit
as pets.
Leporids such as European rabbits and hares are a food

Domesticated rabbits

Rabbits - Kitchen, Htel Dieu, Beaune

meat in Europe, China, South America, North America, some parts of the Middle East. By some estimates,
worlds annual rabbit meat production stands at around
200 million tons.[24]
Vase with rabbit below, made 1777 in Sweden.

Main article: Domestic rabbit

Rabbit is sold in UK butchers and markets, and some supermarkets sell frozen rabbit meat. Additionally, some
have begun selling fresh rabbit meat alongside other types
of game. At farmers markets and the famous Borough

5
league team the South Sydney Rabbitohs, but it quickly
became unpopular after the disease myxomatosis was introduced in an attempt to wipe out the countrys large
feral rabbit population. Rabbit meat is also commonly
used in Moroccan cuisine, where it is cooked in a tajine
with raisins and grilled almonds added a few minutes before serving.[26]
In China, rabbit meat is particularly popular in Sichuan
cuisine. Among popular dishes are stewed rabbit, spicy
diced rabbit, BBQ-style rabbit, and even spicy rabbit
heads, which have been compared to the duck neck.[24]
Rabbit meat is comparably unpopular elsewhere in the
Asia-Pacic.
Tanned rabbit pelt; rabbit pelt is prized for its softness.

An Australian 'Rabbiter' circa 1900

When used for food, rabbits are both hunted and bred for
meat. Snares or guns are usually employed when catching wild rabbits for food. In many regions, rabbits are
also bred for meat, a practice called cuniculture. Rabbits can then be killed by hitting the back of their heads,
a practice from which the term rabbit punch is derived.
Rabbit meat is a source of high quality protein.[27] It can
be used in most ways chicken meat is used. In fact, wellknown chef Mark Bittman says that domesticated rabbit
tastes like chicken because both are blank palettes upon
which any desired avors can be layered.[28] Rabbit meat
is leaner than beef, pork, and chicken meat. Rabbit products are generally labeled in three ways, the rst being
Fryer. This is a young rabbit between 2.0 and 2.3 kilograms (4.5 and 5 lb) and up to 9 weeks in age.[29] This
type of meat is tender and ne grained. The next product
is a Roaster; they are usually over 2.3 kilograms (5 lb)
and up to 8 months in age. The esh is rm and coarse
grained and less tender than a fryer. Then there are giblets
which include the liver and heart. One of the most common types of rabbit to be bred for meat is New Zealand
white rabbit. The largest rabbit meat producing countries
(100,000 tons or more per year) are China, Russia, Italy,
France and Spain.[25]
In ecient production systems, rabbits can turn 20 percent of the proteins they eat into edible meat, compared
to 22 to 23 percent for broiler chickens, 16 to 18 percent
for pigs and 8 to 12 percent for beef; rabbit meat is more
economical in terms of feed energy than beef.[25]

An old wooden cart, piled with rabbit skins, in New South Wales,
Australia

Market in London, rabbits will be displayed dead and

hanging unbutchered in the traditional style next to braces
of pheasant and other small game. The countries where
rabbit meat consumption is highest are Malta (8.89 kg
per inhabitant), Italy (5.71 kg per inhabitant), Cyprus
(4.37 kg per inhabitant), France (2.76 kg per inhabitant),
Belgium (2.73 kg per inhabitant), Spain (2.61 kg per inhabitant) and Portugal (1.94 kg per inhabitant).[25]
Rabbit meat was once commonly sold in Sydney, Australia, the sellers of which giving the name to the rugby

Compared with the meat of other species (especially

pork and beef), rabbit meat is richer in proteins and certain vitamins and minerals, while it has less fat; rabbit fat contains less stearic and oleic acids than other
species and higher proportions of the essential polyunsaturated linolenic and linoleic fatty acids.[25] The main
health issues associated with the use of rabbits for meat
are tularemia or rabbit fever which is an infection that
may be contracted from close contact with rabbits[30] and
the so-called rabbit starvation. Rabbit starvation is most
likely due to the deciency of fat in rabbit meat. In comparison, pemmican is a meat-based food that is nutritionally complete but is composed of dry meat bers and fat
in a 1:1 ratio by weight. Rabbit starvation is similar to

10 IN CULTURE AND LITERATURE

other metabolic issues that arise in times of extreme starvation. An analogous condition (though with dierent
symptoms) occurs when carbohydrates are ingested in the
absence of fat and protein.[31] These conditions are not
well-documented by Western medicine because such total absence of fat and protein are relatively rare and not
likely to occur where medical attention is available. However, a slim variety of historical writings refer to rabbit
starvation, for example, Vilhjamur Stefansson in the late
19th century, and in the journals of Charles Darwin.
Rabbit pelts are sometimes used for clothing and accessories, such as scarves or hats. Angora rabbits are bred
for their long, ne hair, which can be sheared and harvested like sheep wool. Rabbits are very good producers Domestic rabbits can overpopulate rapidly, becoming a nuisance,
of manure; additionally, their urine, being high in nitro- as on this university campus.
gen, makes lemon trees very productive. Their milk may
also be of great medicinal or nutritional benet due to its
high protein content.[32]

Environmental problems

See also: Rabbits in Australia

Rabbits have been a source of environmental problems
when introduced into the wild by humans. As a result of their appetites, and the rate at which they breed,
feral rabbit depredation can be problematic for agriculture. Gassing, barriers (fences), shooting, snaring, and
ferreting have been used to control rabbit populations,
but the most eective measures are diseases such as
myxomatosis (myxo or mixi, colloquially) and calicivirus.
In Europe, where rabbits are farmed on a large scale, they
are protected against myxomatosis and calicivirus with a
genetically modied virus. The virus was developed in
Spain, and is benecial to rabbit farmers. If it were to
make its way into wild populations in areas such as Australia, it could create a population boom, as those diseases are the most serious threats to rabbit survival. Rabbits in Australia and New Zealand are considered to be
such a pest that land owners are legally obliged to control
them.[33][34]

10

In culture and literature

European Rabbit in Shropshire, England, infected with

myxomatosis, a disease caused by the Myxoma virus

sexuality, which also relates to the human perception of

innocence, as well as its reputation as a prolic breeder.

10.1 Folklore and mythology

The rabbit often appears in folklore as the trickster
archetype, as he uses his cunning to outwit his enemies.
In Aztec mythology, a pantheon of four hundred
rabbit gods known as Centzon Totochtin, led by
Ometotchtli or Two Rabbit, represented fertility,
parties, and drunkenness.

See also: List of ctional hares and rabbits

In Central Africa, the common hare (Kalulu), is inevitably described as a trickster gure.[35]

Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility or rebirth,

and have long been associated with spring and Easter as
the Easter Bunny. The species role as a prey animal also
lends itself as a symbol of innocence, another Easter connotation. They appear in folklore and modern childrens
stories, often but not invariably as sympathetic characters.

In Chinese folklore, rabbits accompany Chang'e on

the Moon. Also associated with the Chinese New
Year (or Lunar New Year), rabbits are also one of
the twelve celestial animals in the Chinese Zodiac
for the Chinese calendar. It is interesting to note that
the Vietnamese lunar new year replaced the rabbit
with a cat in their calendar, as rabbits did not inhabit
Vietnam.

Additionally, rabbits are often used as symbols of playful

10.2

Other ctional rabbits

A rabbits foot is carried as an amulet believed to

bring good luck. This is found in many parts of
the world, and with the earliest use being in Europe
around 600 B.C.[36]
In Japanese tradition, rabbits live on the Moon
where they make mochi, the popular snack of
mashed sticky rice. This comes from interpreting
the pattern of dark patches on the moon as a rabbit
standing on tiptoes on the left pounding on an usu, a
Japanese mortar (See also: Moon rabbit).
In Jewish folklore, rabbits (shfanim )are associated with cowardice, a usage still current in contemporary Israeli spoken Hebrew (similar to English
colloquial use of chicken to denote cowardice).

7
times in the quarrying industry, where piles of extracted
stone (not t for sale) were built into tall rough walls (to
save space) directly behind the working quarry face; the
rabbits natural tendency to burrow would weaken these
walls and cause collapse, often resulting in injuries or
even death. The name rabbit is often substituted with
words such as long ears or underground mutton, so
as not to have to say the actual word and bring bad luck
to oneself. It is said that a public house (on the island)
can be cleared of people by calling out the word rabbit
and while this was very true in the past, it has gradually
become more fable than fact over the past 50 years. See
also Three hares.

10.2 Other ctional rabbits

Main article: List of ctional hares and rabbits
The rabbit as trickster appears in American popular
culture; for example the Br'er Rabbit character from
African-American folktales and Disney animation; and
the Warner Bros. cartoon character Bugs Bunny.
Anthropomorphized rabbits have appeared in a host of
works of lm, literature, and technology, notably the
White Rabbit and the March Hare in Lewis Carroll's
Alices Adventures in Wonderland; in the popular novels
Watership Down, by Richard Adams, along with its lm
and television adaptations, Rabbit Hill by Robert Lawson, as well as in Beatrix Potter's Peter Rabbit stories, and
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, a 1920s cartoon character.

10.3 Urban legends

Tile with two rabbits, two snakes and a tortoise. Illustration for
Zakariya al-Qazwini's book. Iran, 19th century.

In Korean mythology, as in Japanese, rabbits live on

the moon making rice cakes (Tteok in Korean).
In Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, held by the
Ojibwe and some other Native American peoples,
Nanabozho, or Great Rabbit, is an important deity
related to the creation of the world.
Among English speakers, the rabbit may be invoked
at the start of the month out of apotropaic or
talismanic superstition.
A Vietnamese mythological story portrays the rabbit of innocence and youthfulness. The Gods of the
myth are shown to be hunting and killing rabbits to
show o their power.

Main article: Rabbit test

It was commonly believed that pregnancy tests were based
on the idea that a rabbit would die if injected with a
pregnant womans urine. This is not true. However, in
the 1920s it was discovered that if the urine contained
the hCG, a hormone found in the bodies of pregnant
women, the rabbit would display ovarian changes. The
rabbit would then be killed to have its ovaries inspected,
but the death of the rabbit was not the indicator of the
results. Later revisions of the test allowed technicians to
inspect the ovaries without killing the animal. A similar
test involved injecting Xenopus frogs to make them lay
eggs, but animal tests for pregnancy have been made obsolete by faster, cheaper, and simpler modern methods.

11 Classications

On the Isle of Portland in Dorset, UK, the rabbit is said Rabbits and hares were formerly classied in the order
to be unlucky and speaking its name can cause upset with Rodentia (rodent) until 1912, when they were moved into
older residents. This is thought to date back to early a new order Lagomorpha. This order also includes pikas.

13

REFERENCES

Annamite striped rabbit, Nesolagus timminsi

Genus Romerolagus
Volcano rabbit, Romerolagus diazi
Genus Brachylagus
Pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis
Genus Sylvilagus

A black rabbit

Forest rabbit, Sylvilagus brasiliensis

Dices cottontail, Sylvilagus dicei
Brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani
San Jose brush rabbit, Sylvilagus mansuetus
Swamp rabbit, Sylvilagus aquaticus
Marsh rabbit, Sylvilagus palustris
Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus oridanus
New England cottontail, Sylvilagus transitionalis
Mountain cottontail, Sylvilagus nuttallii
Desert cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii
Omilteme cottontail, Sylvilagus insonus
Mexican cottontail, Sylvilagus cunicularis
Tres Marias rabbit, Sylvilagus graysoni

Genus Oryctolagus
European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
Genus Poelagus
Central African Rabbit, Poelagus marjorita
Three other genera in family, regarded as
hares, not rabbits

12 See also
Animal track
Dwarf rabbit

Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus oridanus)

Hare games
Jackalope

Order Lagomorpha

List of animal names

Family Leporidae

Rabbits in the arts

Genus Pentalagus
Amami rabbit/Ryky rabbit, Pentalagus
furnessi
Genus Bunolagus
Bushman rabbit, Bunolagus monticularis
Genus Nesolagus
Sumatran striped rabbit,
netscheri

Rabbit show jumping

13 References
[1] Rabbit Habitats. Retrieved 7 July 2009.

Nesolagus

[2] rabbit.
Encyclopdia Britannica (Standard ed.).
Chicago: Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc. 2007.

[3] Online Etymology Dictionary

[4] The Collective Noun Page. Retrieved 2008-01-30.

[24] Olivia Geng, French Rabbit Heads: The Newest Delicacy

in Chinese Cuisine. The Wall Street Journal Blog, 13 June
2014

[5] Common Questions: What Do You Call a Group of...?".

archived copy of Animal Congregations, or What Do You
Call a Group of.....?. U.S. Geological Survey Northern
Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-13.

[25] FAO - The Rabbit - Husbandry, health and production.

[6] Brown, Louise (2001). How to Care for Your Rabbit.

Kingdom Books. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-85279-167-4.

[27] Rabbit: From Farm to Table.

[7] Katherine Quesenberry & James W. Carpenter, Ferrets,

Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery (3rd
ed. 2011).
[8] Rabbits: Rabbit feet. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
[9] http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/vision.html?1
[10] Feeding the Pet Rabbit
[11] Dr. Byron de la Navarres Care of Rabbits Susan A.
Brown, DVMs Overview of Common Rabbit Diseases:
Diseases Related to Diet
[12] Fedriani, J. M.; Palomares, F.; Delibes, M. (1999).
Niche relations among three sympatric Mediterranean carnivores (PDF). Oecologia. 121: 138148.
doi:10.1007/s004420050915. JSTOR 4222449.

[26] 'Traditional Moroccan Cooking, Recipes from Fez', by

Madame Guinadeau. (Serif, London, 2003). ISBN 1897959-43-5.

[28] How to Cook Everything :: Braised Rabbit with Olives.

2008. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
[29] Sell, Randy Rabbit. North Dakota Department of Agricultural Economics.
[30] Tularemia (Rabbit fever)". Health.utah.gov. 16 June
2003. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
[31] " Cassava root causes cognitive damage in Congolese
villages. National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center. Feb 2014.
[32] Houdebine, Louis-Marie; Fan, Jianglin (1 June 2009).
Rabbit Biotechnology: Rabbit Genomics, Transgenesis,
Cloning and Models.
. pp. 68
72. ISBN 978-90-481-2226-4. Retrieved 8 October
2010.

[13] Tynes, Valarie V. Behavior of Exotic Pets. Wiley Blackwell, 2010, p. 70

[33] Feral animals in Australia Invasive species. Environment.gov.au. 1 February 2010. Retrieved 30 August
2010.

[14] Davis, Susan E. and DeMello, Margo Stories Rabbits Tell:

A Natural And Cultural History of A Misunderstood Creature. Lantern Books, 2003, p. 27.

[34] Rabbits The role of government Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Teara.govt.nz. 1 March 2009.
Retrieved 30 August 2010.

[15] 40 Winks?" Jennifer S. Holland, National Geographic

Vol. 220, No. 1. July 2011.

[35] Brian Morris, The Power of Animals: An Ethnography, p.

177 (2000).

[16] Wright, Samantha (2011). For The Love of Parsley. A

Guide To Your Rabbits Most Common Behaviours. Lulu.
pp. 3536. ISBN 1-4467-9111-4.

[36] Ellis, Bill: Lucifer Ascending: The Occult in Folklore and

Popular Culture (University of Kentucky, 2004) ISBN 08131-2289-9

[17] Information for Rabbit Owners Oak Tree Veterinary

Centre. Oaktreevet.co.uk. Archived from the original on
2012-06-23. Retrieved 30 August 2010.

14 Further reading

[18] The Private Life of the Rabbit, R. M. Lockley, 1964.

Chapter 10.
[19] True or False? Rabbits are physically incapable of vomiting. (Answer to Pop Quiz)".
[20] Cooke, Brian Douglas (2014). Australias War Against
Rabbits. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-0-643-09612-7.
[21] Rabies: Other Wild Animals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 November 2011. Retrieved 20
December 2012.
[22] Wood, Maggie. Parasites of Rabbits. Chicago Exotics,
PC. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
[23] Boschert, Ken. Internal Parasites of Rabbits. Net Vet.
Retrieved 8 April 2013.

Windling, Terri. The Symbolism of Rabbits and

Hares

15 External links
American Rabbit Breeders Association organization
which promotes all phases of rabbit keeping
House Rabbit Society an activist organization which
promotes keeping rabbits indoors.
RabbitShows.com an informational site on the
hobby of showing rabbits.
The (mostly) silent language of rabbits

10
World Rabbit Science Association an international
rabbit-health science-based organization
The Year of the Rabbit slideshow by Life magazine
House Rabbit Society- FAQ: Aggression

15

EXTERNAL LINKS

11

16
16.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Rabbit Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit?oldid=737924055 Contributors: Damian Yerrick, Bryan Derksen, Zundark, Tarquin, Gareth Owen, Josh Grosse, Rmhermen, PierreAbbat, William Avery, Shii, Anthere, Daniel C. Boyer, Heron, Jaknouse, Modemac,
Hephaestos, Olivier, Vik-Thor, Kchishol1970, Nommonomanac, Paul Barlow, Ettlz, Fred Bauder, Dante Alighieri, Kku, Tannin, Ixfd64,
Shoaler, GTBacchus, Dori, Gbleem, Arpingstone, Pcb21, Egil, Ihcoyc, Mdebets, Ahoerstemeier, Haakon, Arwel Parry, Daeron, CatherineMunro, Marumari, JWSchmidt, Alvaro, Lupinoid, Glenn, Llull, David Stewart, Lee M, Ed Brey, Sehrgut, Jengod, Kat, Charles Matthews,
Dysprosia, WhisperToMe, Wik, Selket, Tpbradbury, Phoebe, Morn, Fvw, Bloodshedder, Jusjih, Johnleemk, St3f, UninvitedCompany,
Owen, Denelson83, Jni, Twang, Gentgeen, Robbot, Psmith, Astronautics~enwiki, Chris 73, Jredmond, Sanders muc, RedWolf, Donreed,
Nyh, Bernhard Bauer, WormRunner, Kowey, Seglea, Modulatum, Chris Roy, Ashley Y, Academic Challenger, Brjaga, YBeayf, Meelar, Gidonb, Bkell, Ensiform, Hadal, UtherSRG, GerardM, David Edgar, Lupo, Bbx, Cyrius, Dina, Alan Liefting, Matt Gies, Smjg, DocWatson42,
MPF, Andy, Rhubarbandcustard, Elf, Nlevitt, Nadavspi, Cobaltbluetony, var Arnfjr Bjarmason, Abigail-II, Tom harrison, Lupin, Peruvianllama, Everyking, Bkonrad, No Guru, Cantus, Chinasaur, Yekrats, Dmmaus, Mboverload, Lucky 6.9, Queerwiki, Wmahan, Utcursch,
Jonel, Yath, Sonjaaa, Gzuckier, Ran, Antandrus, Williamb, Evertype, Kaldari, SimonArlott, Danny Yee, Nek, Glogger, RetiredUser2,
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Aranae, Wtmitchell, ClockworkSoul, *Kat*, Sciurin, DrGaellon, Solebanana, Zawersh, H2g2bob, Gunter, LordAmeth, Gene Nygaard,
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12

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16.2

Images

File:Australian_rabbiter,_NSW_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum_Collection.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/8/87/Australian_rabbiter%2C_NSW_from_The_Powerhouse_Museum_Collection.jpg
License:
Public domain Contributors: The Powerhouse Museum Original artist: Unknown<a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718'
title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img
alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png' width='20' height='11' srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/
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File:Baby_rabbit.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Baby_rabbit.JPG License: CC0 Contributors:
Own work Original artist: Ksd5
File:Cmglee_Horniman_rabbit_skin_skeleton.jpg Source:
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File:Conejo_comn_(Oryctolagus_cuniculus),_Tierpark_Hellabrunn,_Mnich,_Alemania,_2012-06-17,_DD_01.JPG Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Conejo_com%C3%BAn_%28Oryctolagus_cuniculus%29%2C_Tierpark_

16.3

Content license

13

Hellabrunn%2C_M%C3%BAnich%2C_Alemania%2C_2012-06-17%2C_DD_01.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work

Original artist: Diego Delso
File:European_Rabbit.OGG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/European_Rabbit.OGG License: CC BYSA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: T.Voekler
File:Fajans,_vas,_1777_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_90549.tif Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Fajans%
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src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png'
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data-le-height='590' /></a>
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Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Quadell using CommonsHelper. Original artist: Hardyplants at English
Wikipedia
File:Kitchen_-_Hotel_Dieu,_Beaune.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Kitchen_-_Hotel_Dieu%
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Lapin01.svg Original artist: Lapin01.svg: Lionel Allorge

File:MyxoRabbit.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/MyxoRabbit.JPG License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: The original uploader was ChrisJB at English Wikipedia
File:Office-book.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Office-book.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This and myself. Original artist: Chris Down/Tango project
File:Rabbit_1hr_old_gnangarra.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Rabbit_1hr_old_gnangarra.jpg
License: CC BY 2.5 au Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gnangarra
File:Rabbit_burrow_entrance.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Rabbit_burrow_entrance.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Brammers
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File:Rabbit_nest.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Rabbit_nest.JPG License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rklawton
File:Rabbit_pelt_tanned.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Rabbit_pelt_tanned.jpg License: CC BYSA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Wolfmankurd
File:Rabbit_skins.jpg Source:
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