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    AC DC Interface

    Uploaded by

    Laurence Michael
    The document discusses interfaces between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrified railway systems. It notes that as AC and DC systems increasingly interface with each other, through operations like light rail and tram systems, the complexity of managing these interfaces has grown. If interfaces are not considered early in design, significant issues can arise later when they are harder to resolve. Looking to the future, the planned conversion of some UK rail networks from 750V DC to 25kV AC will create additional AC/DC interfaces that require careful management during the transition period to limit safety hazards. Key challenges include earthing and bonding arrangements, managing rail potentials, and developing transitional operating plans.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    AC DC Interface

    Uploaded by

    Laurence Michael
    241 views28 pages
    The document discusses interfaces between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrified railway systems. It notes that as AC and DC systems increasingly interface with each other, through operations like light rail and tram systems, the complexity of managing these interfaces has grown. If interfaces are not considered early in design, significant issues can arise later when they are harder to resolve. Looking to the future, the planned conversion of some UK rail networks from 750V DC to 25kV AC will create additional AC/DC interfaces that require careful management during the transition period to limit safety hazards. Key challenges include earthing and bonding arrangements, managing rail potentials, and developing transitional operating plans.

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    AC DC Interface

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    The document discusses interfaces between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrified railway systems. It notes that as AC and DC systems increasingly interface with each other, through operations like light rail and tram systems, the complexity of managing these interfaces has grown. If interfaces are not considered early in design, significant issues can arise later when they are harder to resolve. Looking to the future, the planned conversion of some UK rail networks from 750V DC to 25kV AC will create additional AC/DC interfaces that require careful management during the transition period to limit safety hazards. Key challenges include earthing and bonding arrangements, managing rail potentials, and developing transitional operating plans.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    241 views28 pages

    AC DC Interface

    Uploaded by

    Laurence Michael
    The document discusses interfaces between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) electrified railway systems. It notes that as AC and DC systems increasingly interface with each other, through operations like light rail and tram systems, the complexity of managing these interfaces has grown. If interfaces are not considered early in design, significant issues can arise later when they are harder to resolve. Looking to the future, the planned conversion of some UK rail networks from 750V DC to 25kV AC will create additional AC/DC interfaces that require careful management during the transition period to limit safety hazards. Key challenges include earthing and bonding arrangements, managing rail potentials, and developing transitional operating plans.

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    Railway Electrification Lessons for the future

    Interfaces between AC and DC


    Systems
    An Inconvenient Coexistence
    Tony Fella
    Atkins Technical Authority
    DC Traction Power Supply Systems

    Once upon a time

    ...life was simple (or maybe just less complicated).


    There were DC electrified railways and there were
    non-electrified railways.

    Then one day, along came the AC electrified


    railway.and a potentially complex interface was
    created.

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    The number of occasions where interfaces between AC and


    DC electrified systems is greater now that ever before.
    Looking to the future, the number and complexity of similar
    interfaces is likely to increase even further.
    Will the lessons of the past be remembered?

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    The growth of light rail and tram systems, not only in the UK
    but worldwide, often requires AC and DC electrified systems
    to interface, either because of inter-operation or because of
    physical proximity.
    Often these interfaces share infrastructure between the
    systems and if the interface is not considered at an early
    design stage significant issues can arise later when they are
    more difficult to resolve.

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    25 kV Interface Station
    750V DC Interface Station
    25kV &
    750V DC Interface Station
    25 kV Parallel Running
    750V NR Overrunning
    NR owned Power supply
    Insulated Fourth Rail
    750V NR Overrunning
    LUL owned Power supply
    Fourth rail bonded to rails
    750V NR running and LUL
    overrunning NR owned power
    supply with 4th rail bonded to
    rails
    25 kV Interface
    Under or Over bridges
    Depot Area Parallel to 25kV

    LU and NR 25kV and 750V DC


    Interfaces
    This drawing will be updated Please
    note Date and Issue
    Drawn by R D White
    Date 05/12/05 DRAFT Issue 0

    Tube and DLR 25kV and 750V DC Interfaces

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    Transitional Running DC to AC (or vice versa) interfaces


    are well understood and often reasonably well managed

    Examples in the UK include North London Line (Acton),


    Thameslink, West London Line and original Network
    Rail/Eurotunnel interface

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    Principle of AC and DC Dual Electrified Area
    Dual Third Rail and 25 kV Electrification Overrunning

    DC Area Only
    Third rail only

    DC Isolation Area

    AC and DC Dual Electrified


    Area
    Third Rail and 25 kV
    Electrification

    R D White 2005
    AC Isolation Area

    AC 25 kV Electrification
    Electrified Only

    DC Traction
    Power

    Third Rail
    Insulated
    Rail Joints

    Insulated
    Rail Joints

    Insulated
    Rail Joints

    Insulated
    Rail Joints

    25 kV
    Overhead Line

    Additional Earth Wires bonding of


    masts and metallic objects

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    10

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    11

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    Inter-running between AC and DC electrified lines
    is not always so well managed
    Earthing and Bonding not adequately considered

    Structures inadequately bonded to protect against 25kV faults


    Metalwork in public areas earthed to DC Traction Negative or
    DNO earth within the 25kV Drop Zone
    Metalwork bonded to 25kV earth in the DC Drop Zone (for DC
    OCS)
    DC system protection not always capable of reliably detecting
    positive to earth faults (No OVPDs Installed)

    12

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    AC Railways

    DC Railways

    Rails earthed,

    Rails insulated,

    Rail: low resistance to DC current 20 Rail high impedance to AC current 0.7


    ohms/km
    milliohms/km

    Traction loads 2kA 8kA or more

    Short Circuit Current 150kA

    Station earth metallic structures not


    connected to running rails

    Requirements for control of stray


    current

    Traction Loads typically 300A - 500A


    50Hz

    Short Circuit 6kA to 12kA 50Hz

    Metallic structures bonded to running


    rails

    Induction effects due to 50Hz

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    Typical Earthing and Return Conductor Arrangements of 25kV ac and 1500V dc Railways
    25kV ac Railway

    Steel Section of Interface Station

    1500V dc Railway

    Earth
    Wire

    Return
    Conductor

    Parallel
    Feeds

    Return
    Conductor

    Parallel
    Feeds

    Earth
    Wire

    RC
    Tie
    Down

    Traction
    Transformer

    Impedance
    of the train
    short circuit
    on roof
    Maximum
    

    Impedance
    of the train
    short circuit
    on roof
    Maximum
    

    Substation
    Rectifier

    RC Tie
    down
    Converter
    Double Insulated
    Rail Clips

    Mast
    Foundation
    7\SLFDOO\
    Resistivity
    of soil
    P

    5DLOOHDNDJHW\SLFDOO\NP

    Earthing and Traction Return Current of an ac Railway


    Fully bonded to metallic structures
    Negative pole of the 25kV is connected to earth
    Rails bonded to earth via the foundations of the
    masts
    Earth is the path back to the feeder station for the
    short circuit current if an insulator fails
    Bonding of masts will control rail potentials

    Substation
    Earth
    Busbar

    Rail Leakage 8-NP


    Stray Current Mat

    Substation
    Earth
    Diode

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    15

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    AC railway earthed structures are bonded to rail


    DC railway earthed structures are not bonded to rail

    Corrosion of AC and DC Railway and Non Railway Assets


    Metallic Services: Utilities, Water, Gas, Electricity
    Earthed structures of 25kV railway, earth mats, the grid substations,
    earthing of buildings, reinforced structures, tunnel linings, interchange
    stations

    Unintended Traction Return Currents

    DC currents in AC system and earth paths


    AC currents in DC traction return system

    16

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    18

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    19

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    Looking to the future
    Conversion of Network Rail 750V DC to 25kV AC

    The proposed conversion of existing DC electrified routes on Network Rail in the


    south of the UK to 25kV would create more AC/DC interfaces.

    The transitional period during conversion will need careful consideration to limit
    creating additional hazards.

    The final arrangements will need to be suitable for an AC electrified


    railway, not a DC railway

    20

    AC and DC System Interfaces


    Conversion of Network Rail 750V DC to 25kV AC
    A few thoughts:

    Track Circuits many track circuits are already dual immune

    Earthing and bonding at stations, bridges, interfaces with third parties,


    etc

    Managing the transition?

    Programme for Conversion from DC to AC Systems

    21

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    Conversion of Network Rail 750V DC to 25kV AC

    Increased risk of rail potentials more earthed metal close to DC


    tracks during construction and before conversion

    Transitional arrangements during energisation for testing and


    commissioning

    Earthing and bonding in stations and other public areas

    22

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    Conversion of Network Rail 750V


    DC to 25kV AC

    What might it look like?

    23

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    24

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    25

    AC and DC System Interfaces

    26

    Conclusions

    Requirements AC/DC needs to be identified


    Failure to address

    Programme Risk
    Commercial Risk
    Operational Risk

    Interface Locations
    Stations, Bridges etc
    Overrunning (e.g. Thameslink)

    Systems Compatibility
    Signal immunisation
    Touch Accessible Potentials
    Corrosion
    27

    Thank you for listening

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