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    Global Positioning System

    Uploaded by

    Mariecon Montero
    The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides precise geographic positioning anywhere in the world. It uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth that transmit signal data used by GPS receivers to calculate locations. GPS is free to use, precise to within a few meters, reliable in any weather, and has unlimited capacity. It works by measuring the time it takes signals from four or more satellites to reach a GPS receiver and then using those time measurements to determine the receiver's position.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Global Positioning System

    Uploaded by

    Mariecon Montero
    48 views23 pages
    The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides precise geographic positioning anywhere in the world. It uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth that transmit signal data used by GPS receivers to calculate locations. GPS is free to use, precise to within a few meters, reliable in any weather, and has unlimited capacity. It works by measuring the time it takes signals from four or more satellites to reach a GPS receiver and then using those time measurements to determine the receiver's position.

    Original Description:

    introduction to GPS

    Original Title

    Gps

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides precise geographic positioning anywhere in the world. It uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth that transmit signal data used by GPS receivers to calculate locations. GPS is free to use, precise to within a few meters, reliable in any weather, and has unlimited capacity. It works by measuring the time it takes signals from four or more satellites to reach a GPS receiver and then using those time measurements to determine the receiver's position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views23 pages

    Global Positioning System

    Uploaded by

    Mariecon Montero
    The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides precise geographic positioning anywhere in the world. It uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting 20,200 km above Earth that transmit signal data used by GPS receivers to calculate locations. GPS is free to use, precise to within a few meters, reliable in any weather, and has unlimited capacity. It works by measuring the time it takes signals from four or more satellites to reach a GPS receiver and then using those time measurements to determine the receiver's position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Global Positioning System

    What is GPS ?
    A very precise positioning system
    Developed and maintained by the
    US Department of Defense (DOD)
    Satellite Based
    * 24 satellites
    * 20,200 km high orbit

    BUT!
    Although it is a very precise
    geographic positioning system
    It is very easy to get youself into trouble
    Why?
    Because you (probably) dont understand
    how it works
    And that leads to garbage

    Characteristics of GPS
    Free

    Precise
    Almost!
    Reliable
    All weather
    Anytime & anywhere
    Unlimited user capacity

    Segments of GPS
    1. Space Segment
    A constellation of 24 satellites

    2. Monitor Station
    A network of earth-based facilities

    3. Users & Equipment

    Source:Trimble

    Segments of GPS
    1. Space Segment
    A constellation
    of 24 satellites

    Source:Trimble

    GPS Monitoring Station

    How GPS Works


    Uses measurements from 4+ satellites
    Distance = travel time x speed of light

    Source:Trimble

    Determining GPS Position

    How accurate is GPS?


    Depends on some variables

    Time spent on measurement


    Design of receiver
    Postprocessing
    Relative positions of satellites,
    technically known as PDOP (Position
    dilution of precision)

    GPS Receivers

    Methods of data collection


    Three methods of positioning
    Autonomous
    10-20 meters

    Differential
    2-5 meters

    Phase Differential
    centimeter

    10-20 m

    2-5m

    cm

    How accurate is GPS?


    Depends on some variables

    Time spent on measurement


    Design of receiver
    Postprocessing
    Relative positions of satellites,
    often known as DOP (Dilution of
    Precision)

    WAAS
    Wide Area Augmentation System.
    It provides FREE GPS differential correction data for
    visible satellites
    Developed & operated by the FAA (Federal Aviation
    Administration) for flight navigation but its available
    free to GPS users
    WAAS-enabled receivers can provide sub-meter level
    accuracy anywhere in most locations of the US and
    southern Canada.

    WAAS
    Differential corrections are computed from
    ground stations and then uploaded to
    geostationary satellites for broadcasting
    WAAS-enabled GPS receiver automatically
    uses such correction data to enhance the
    positional accuracy

    Sources of error
    Multipath

    PDOP

    SNR

    Source:Trimble

    Multipath

    When GPS signals arrive at the receiver


    having traveled different paths

    What is a PDOP?
    Position Dilution of Precision

    Good PDOP

    Poor PDOP

    SNR (signal-to-noise ratio)

    SNR determines the signal strength


    relative to noise

    GPS position is degraded if the SNR of


    one or more satellites in the
    constellation falls below certain range
    Signal Strength
    Indicators

    Common use of GPS


    A. GIS data collection & mapping
    B. Navigation
    C. Recreation

    GPS for Navigation

    GPS for Navigation


    GPS in PDA
    Are getting popular
    in car
    Comes with voice
    guidance

    Global Navigation Satellite System


    A. GPS in USA
    B. GLONASS program from Russia

    C. GALILEO from European countries


    D. Beidu from China

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