CE2201 - Mechanics of Solids Two Mark With Answers
CE2201 - Mechanics of Solids Two Mark With Answers
CE2201 - Mechanics of Solids Two Mark With Answers
Answers
Anna university, Chennai
UNIT 1
STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF
STRESS
1. Define stress.
When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At
the same time the body resists deformation. The magnitude of the
resisting force is numerically equal to the applied force. This internal
resisting force per unit area is called stress.
Stress = Force/Area
When a body is subjected to an external force, there is some change
of dimension in the body. Numerically the strain is equal to the ratio
of change in length to the original length of the body.= P/A unit is
N/mm^2
2. Define strain
Strain = Change in length/Original length e = L/L
3. State Hookes law.
It states that when a material is loaded, within its elastic limit, the
stress is directly proportional to the strain.
Stress Strain
e
Where,
= Ee
E = /e unit is N/mm^2
E - Youngs modulus
- Stress e - Strain
4. Define shear stress and shear strain.
The two equal and opposite force act tangentially on any cross
sectional plane of the body tending to slide one part of the body
over the other part. The stress induced is called shear stress and the
corresponding strain is known as shear strain.
5. Define Poissons ratio.
When a body is stressed, within its elastic limit, the ratio of lateral
strain to the longitudinal strain is constant for a given material.
Poisson ratio ( or 1/m) = Lateral strain /Longitudinal strain
6. State the relationship between Youngs Modulus and
Modulus of Rigidity.
E = 2G (1+1/m)
Where,
E - Youngs Modulus
K - Bulk Modulus
1/m - Poissons ratio
Shear strain
16. State principle plane.
The planes, which have no shear stress, are known as principal
planes. These planes carry only normal stresses.
17. Define principle stresses and principle plane.
Principle stress: The magnitude of normal stress, acting on a
principal plane is known as principal stresses.
Principle plane: The planes which have no shear stress are known as
principal planes.
18. What is the radius of Mohrs circle?
Radius of Mohrs circle is equal to the maximum shear stress.
19. What is the use of Mohrs circle?
To find out the normal, resultant stresses and principle stress and
their planes.
20. List the methods to find the stresses in oblique plane?
1. Analytical method
2. Graphical method
UNIT II
ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS, THIN CYLINDERS / SHELL
1. What is mean by perfect frame?
If a frame is composed of such members, which are just sufficient to
keep the
frame in equilibrium, when the frame is supporting the external
load, then the frame is know as perfect frame.
2. What are the different types of frames?
The different types of frame are:
Perfect frame and
Imperfect frame.
3. What is mean by Imperfect frame?
A frame in which number of members and number of joints are not
given by
n = 2j 3 is know as imperfect frame. This means that number of
members in an imperfect frame will be either more or less than (2j
3).
4. What is mean by deficient frame?
If the number of member in a frame are less than (2j -3), then the
frame is
know as deficient frame
5. What is mean by redundant frame?
If the number of member in a frame are more than (2j -3), then the
frame is
know as deficient frame
6. What are the assumptions made in finding out the forces
in a frame?
The assumptions made in finding out the forces in a frame are:
The frame is a perfect frame
The frame carries load at the joints
All the members are pin-joined.
7. What are the reactions of supports of a frame?
The frame are generally supported
(i) on a roller support or
(ii) On a hinged support.
8. How will you Analysis of a frame?
Analysis of a frame consists of
Determinations of the reactions at the supports and
Determination of the forces in the members of the frame
9. What are the methods for Analysis the frame?
Methods of joints,
A beam one end free and the other end is fixed is called cantilever
beam.
4. What is simply supported beam?
A beam supported or resting free on the support at its both ends.
5. What is mean by over hanging beam?
If one or both of the end portions are extended beyond the support
then it is called over hanging beam.
6. What is mean by concentrated loads?
A load which is acting at a point is called point load.
7. What is uniformly distributed load.
If a load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that rate of
loading w is uniform through out the length then it is called as udl.
8. Define point of contra flexure? In which beam it occurs?
Point at which BM changes to zero is point of contra flexure. It
occurs in overhanging beam.
9. What is mean by positive or sagging BM?
BM is said to positive if moment on left side of beam is clockwise or
right side of the beam is counter clockwise.
10. What is mean by negative or hogging BM?
BM is said to negative if moment on left side of beam is
counterclockwise or right side of the beam is clockwise.
11. Define shear force and bending moment?
SF at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of all the forces
acting either side of beam.
BM at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of the moments
of all the forces which are placed either side from that point.
12. When will bending moment is maximum?
BM will be maximum when shear force change its sign.
13. What is maximum bending moment in a simply
supported beam of span L
subjected to UDL of w over entire span?
Max BM =wL2/8
14. In a simply supported beam how will you locate point of
maximum bending moment?
The bending moment is max. When SF is zero. Write SF equation at
that point
and equating to zero we can find out the distances x from one
end .then find maximum bending moment at that point by taking all
moment on right or left hand side of beam.
15. What is shear force?
The algebric sum of the vertical forces at any section of the beam to
the left or right of the section is called shear force.
16. What is shear force and bending moment diagram?
It shows the variation of the shear force and bending moment along
the length of the beam.
17. What are the types of beams?
1. Cantilever beam
2. Simply supported beam
3. Fixed beam
4. Continuous beam
5. over hanging beam
18. What are the types of loads?
1. Concentrated load or point load
2. Uniform distributed load
3. Uniform varying load
19. In which point the bending moment is maximum?
When the shear force change of sign or the shear force is zero
20. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending?
1. The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic.
2. The beam material is stressed within the elastic limit and thus
obey hookes law.
3. The transverse section which was plane before bending remains
plains after bending also.
4. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract
independently about the layer, above or below.
5. The value of E is the same in both compression and tension.
21. Write the theory of simple bending equation?
M/ I = F/Y = E/R
M - Maximum bending moment
I - Moment of inertia
F - Maximum stress induced
Y - Distance from the neutral axis
E - Youngs modulus
R - Constant.
UNIT IV
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND SHEAR STRESSES
1. What are the methods for finding out the slope and
deflection at a section?
The important methods used for finding out the slope and deflection
at a section
in a loaded beam are
Part -B
1. A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of
110 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the
plane at right angle to the former. Each of the above stress is
accompanied by a shear stress of 63 N/mm2 Find (i) The direction
and magnitude of each of the principal stress (ii) Magnitude of
greatest shear stress.
2. At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are100
N/mm2 (T) and 40
N/mm2 (C). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and
direction in a plane inclined at 600 to the axis of major principal
stress. What is the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material
at the point?
3. A cantilever truss is show in fig. Find the forces in the members of
the truss by the method of joint.
Error!
5 KN 10 KN
1.5m 3m
600
3m
4. A truss of span 9m is loaded as shown in fig. Find the reaction and
forces in the members marked 1, 2, and 3 by using method of
section.
1
2 4m
3m 3m 3m
5. A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long has 1m internal diameter and 15
mm metal thickness. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal
stresses induced and also the change in the dimensions of the shell,
if it is subjected to an internal pressure of
1.5 N/mm2 Take E = 2x105 N/mm2 and poisons ratio =0.3. Also
calculate change in volume.
6. A closed cylindrical vessel made of steel plates 4 mm thick with
plane ends, carries fluid under pressure of 3 N/mm2 The diameter of
the cylinder is 25cm and length is
75 cm. Calculate the longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder
wall and determine the change in diameter, length and Volume of
the cylinder. Take E =
2.1x105 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.286.
7. Derive double integration method for cantilever beam
concentrated load at free end.
8. A 2m long cantilever made of steel tube of section 150 mm
external diameter and
10mm thick is loaded as show in fig If E=200 GN/m2 calculate (1)
The value of W so that the maximum bending stress is 150 MN/m2
(2) The maximum deflection for the loading.
Error!
2W W
l = 2m
a = 0.5m
9. Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300
KN at 250 rpm. The maximum shear stress should not exceed 30
N/mm2 and twist should not be more than 10 in a shaft length 2m.
Take modulus of rigidity = 1x 105N/mm2.
10. The stiffness of the closed coil helical spring at mean diameter
20 cm is made of 3 cm diameter rod and has 16 turns. A weight of 3
KN is dropped on this spring. Find the height by which the weight
should be dropped before striking the spring so that the spring may
be compressed by 18 cm. Take C= 8x104 N/mm2.
11. A compound tube consist of steel tube 140mm internal diameter
and 160mm external diameter and an outer brass tube 160mm
internal diameter and 180mm external diameter. The two tubes are
of same length. The compound tube carries an axial load of 900 KN.
Find the stresses and the load carried by each tube and the amount
it shortens. Length of each tube is 140mm. Take E for steel as 2 x
105
N/mm2.
12. A rectangle block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of
110 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the
plane at right angles to the former. Each of the above stress is
accompanied by shear stress of 63 N/mm2. Find (i) the direction and
magnitude of each of the principal stress (ii) magnitude of greatest
shear stress.
13. . At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are 100
N/mm2 (T) and 40
N/mm2 (C) Determine the direction and magnitude in a plane
inclined at 600 to the axis of major principal stress. What is the
maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point
14. It is required to design a closed coiled helical spring which shall
deflect 1mm under an axial load of 100 N at a shear stress of 90
Mpa. The spring is to be made of round wire having shear modulus
of 0.8 x 105 Mpa. The mean diameter of the coil is 10 times that of
the coil wire. Find the diameter and length of the wire.
15. A steel shaft ABCD having a total length of 2400 mm is
contributed by three different sections as follows. The portion AB is
hollow having outside and inside diameters 80 mm and 50 mm
respectively, BC is solid and 80 mm diameter. CD is also solid and 70
mm diameter. If the angle of twist is same for each section,
determine the length of each portion and the total angle of twist.
Maximum permissible shear stress is 50 Mpa and shear modulus
0.82 x 105 MPa
16. Three planks of each 50 x200 mm timber are built up to a
symmetrical I section for a beam. The maximum shear force over
the beam is 4KN. Propose an alternate rectangular section of the
same material so that the maximum shear stress developed is same
2m 3m 1m
18. A beam of uniform section 10 m long carries a udl of KN/m for
the entire length and a concentrated load of 10 KN at right end. The
beam is freely supported at the left end. Find the position of the
second support so that the maximum bending moment in the beam
is as minimum as possible. Also compute the maximum bending
moment,