Munication Systems

(Estd.
u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)
Padur, Kancheepuram District - 603 103.
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Regulations Curriculum
and Syllabus
2013
M.Tech.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
(M.TECH./ M.B.A. / M.C.A.) (Full - Time / Part - Time)
(Effective 2013-14)
1.
Vision, Mission and Objectives
1.1
The Vision of the Institute is "To make

every man a success and no man a
failure".
In order to progress towards the vision,
the Institute has identified itself with a
mission to provide every individual with
a conducive environment suitable to
achieve his / her career goals, with a
strong emphasis on personality
development, and to offer quality
education in all spheres of engineering,
technology, applied sciences and
management, without compromising on
the quality and code of ethics.
1.2
Further, the institute always strives
To train our students with the latest and

the best in the rapidly changing fields
of
Engineering,
Technology,
Management, Science & Humanities.
To develop the students with a global

outlook possessing, state of the art
skills, capable of taking up challenging
responsibilities in the respective fields.
To mould our students as citizens with

moral, ethical and social values so as
to fulfill their obligations to the nation
and the society.
To promote research in the field of

science, Humanities, Engineering,
Technology and allied branches.
1.3
Our aims and objectives are focused

on
Providing world class education in

engineering, technology, applied
science and management.
M.Tech. Communication Systems
Keeping pace with the ever changing

technological scenario to help our
students to gain proper direction to
emerge as competent professionals
fully aware of their commitment to the
society and nation.
To inculcate a flair for research,

development and entrepreneurship.
2.
Admission
2.1
The admission policy and procedure

shall be decided from time to time by
the Board of Management (BOM) of the
Institute, following guidelines issued by
Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD), Government of
India. The number of seats in each
branch of the (M.TECH / M.B.A. /
M.C.A.) programme will be decided by
BOM as per the directives from Ministry
of Human Resource Development
(MHRD), Government of India and
taking into account the market
demands. Some seats for Non Resident
Indians and a few seats for foreign
nationals shall be made available.
2.2
The selected candidates will be

admitted to the (M.TECH / M.B.A. /
M.C.A.) programme after he/she fulfills
all the admission requirements set by
the Institute and after payment of the
prescribed fees.
2.3
Candidates for admission to the first

semester of the Master's Degree
Programme shall be required to have
passed an appropriate Degree
Examination recognized by Hindustan
University.
2.4
2.5
In all matters relating to admission to

the (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.).
Programme, the decision of the Institute
and its interpretation given by the
Chancellor of the Institute shall be final.
If at any time after admission, it is found
that a candidate has not fulfilled any of
the requirements stipulated by the
Institute, the Institute may revoke the
admission of the candidate with
information to the Academic Council.
3.
Structure of the programme
3.1
The programme of instruction will have

the following structure
i)
Core courses of Engineering /

Technology / Management.
ii)
Elective courses for specialization in

areas of student's choice
3.2
The minimum durations of the

programmes are as given below:
Program
No. of Semesters
M.Tech.(Full-Time)
M.Tech.(Part -Time)
M.B.A. (Full - Time)
M.B.A. (Part - Time)
M.C.A.(Full - Time)
M.C.A.(Part -Time)
One credit for each laboratory practical

of three hours per week per semester.
One credit for 4 weeks of industrial

training and
One credit for 2 hours of project per

week per semester.
3.4
For the award of degree, a student has

to earn certain minimum total number
of credits specified in the curriculum of
the relevant branch of study. The
curriculum of the different programs
shall be so designed that the minimum
prescribed credits required for the award
of the degree shall be within the limits
specified below.
Program
M.Tech. (Full time / Part time)
75 - 85
M.B.A. (Full time / Part time)
85 - 95
M.C.A (Full time / Part time)
115 - 125
3.5
The medium of instruction, examination

and the language of the project reports
will be English.
4.
Faculty Advisor
4.1
To help the students in planning their

courses of study and for getting general
advice on the academic programme, the
concerned Department will assign a
certain number of students to a Faculty
member who will be called their Faculty
Advisor.
5.
Class Committee
5.1
A Class Committee consisting of the

following will be constituted by the Head
of the Department for each class:
(i)
A Chairman, who is not teaching the

class.
Every (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

programme will have a curriculum and
syllabi for the courses approved by the
Academic Council.
3.3
l
l
Each course is normally assigned

certain number of credits. The following
norms will generally be followed in
assigning credits for courses.
One credit for each lecture hour per
week per semester
One credit for each tutorial hour per
week per semester
Minimum
prescribed
credit range
(ii)
All subject teachers of the class.
(iii)
Two students nominated by the

department in consultation with the
class.
6.2
GPA is the ratio of the sum of the

product of the number of credits Ci of
course "i " and the grade points Pi
earned for that course taken over all
courses "i" registered by the student
to the sum of Ci for all "i ". That is,
The Class Committee will meet as often

as necessary, but not less than three
times during a semester.
The functions of the Class Committee
will include:
(i)
&
*3$
Addressing problems experienced by

students in the classroom and the
laboratories.
(ii)
(iii)
GPA & CGPA
&L
L
CGPA will be calculated in a similar

manner, at any semester, considering
all the courses enrolled from first
semester onwards.
Analyzing the performance of the

students of the class after each test
and finding ways and means of
addressing problems, if any.
6.3
During the meetings, the student

members shall express the opinions
and suggestions of the class students
to improve the teaching / learning
process.
For the students with letter grade I in

certain subjects, the same will not be
included in the computation of GPA and
CGPA until after those grades are
converted to the regular grades.
6.4
Raw marks will be moderated by a

moderation board appointed by the
Vice-Chancellor of the University. The
final marks will be graded using an
absolute grading system. The
Constitution and composition of the
moderation board will be dealt with
separately.
7.
Registration and Enrollment
7.1
Except for the first semester,

registration and enrollment will be done
in the beginning of the semester as per
the schedule announced by the
University.
7.2
A student will be eligible for enrollment

only if he/she satisfies regulation 10
(maximum duration of the programme)
and will be permitted to enroll if (i) he/
she has cleared all dues in the Institute,
Hostel & Library up to the end of the
previous semester and (ii) he/she is not
6.
Grading
6.1
A grading system as below will be

adhered to.
Range
of Marks
Letter Grade Grade points
95-100
10
85 - 94
09
75- 84
08
65-74
07
55-64
06
50-54
05
< 50
00
I (Incomplete)
--
debarred from enrollment by a

disciplinary action of the University.
Program
7.3
Students are required to submit

registration form duly filled in.
8.
Registration requirement
8.1
(i) A Full time student shall not register

for less than 16 credits or more than 26
credits in any given semester.
8.1
(ii) A part time student shall not register

for less than 10 credits or more than 20
credits in any given semester.
8.2
If a student finds his/her load heavy in

any semester, or for any other valid
reason, he/she may withdraw from the
courses within three weeks of the
commencement of the semester with
the written approval of his/her Faculty
Advisor and HOD. However the student
should ensure that the total number of
credits registered for in any semester
should enable him/her to earn the
minimum number of credits per
semester for the completed semesters.
9.
Minimum requirement to continue

the programme
9.1
For those students who have not earned

the minimum required credit prescribed
for that particular semester examination,
a warning letter to the concerned
student and also to his parents
regarding the shortage of his credit will
be sent by the HOD after the
announcement of the results of the
university examinations.
10.
Maximum duration
programme
of
the
The minimum and maximum period for

the completion of various programs are
given below.
Min. No. of
Semesters
Max. No. of
Semesters
M.Tech (Full - time)
M.Tech (Part - time)
10
M.B.A. (Full Time)
M.B.A. (Part Time)
10
M.C.A. (Full - Time)
12
M.C.A (Part -Time)
14
11.
Temporary discontinuation
11.1
A student may be permitted by the

Director(academic) to discontinue
temporarily from the programme for a
semester or a longer period for reasons
of ill health or other valid reasons.
Normally a student will be permitted to
discontinue from the programme only
for a maximum duration of two
semesters.
12.
Discipline
12.1
Every student is required to observe

discipline and decorum both inside and
outside the campus and not to indulge
in any activity which will tend to bring
down the prestige of the University.
12.2
Any act of indiscipline of a student

reported to the Director (Academic) will
be referred to a Discipline Committee
so constituted. The Committee will
enquire into the charges and decide on
suitable punishment if the charges are
substantiated. The committee will also
authorize the Director(Academic) to
recommend to the Vice-Chancellor the
implementation of the decision. The
student concerned may appeal to the
Vice-Chancellor whose decision will be
final. The Director (Academic) will report
the action taken at the next meeting of
the Council.
6
12.3
Ragging and harassment of women are

strictly prohibited in the University
campus and hostels.
13.
Attendance
13.1
A student whose attendance is less

than 75% is not eligible to appear for
the end semester examination for that
semester. The details of all students
who have attendance less than 75% will
be announced by the teacher in the
class. These details will be sent to the
concerned HODs and Director
(Academic).
13.2
13.3
Those who have less than 75%

attendance will be considered for
condonation of shortage of attendance.
However a condonation of 10% in
attendance will be given on medical
reasons. Application for condonation
recommended by the Faculty Advisor,
concerned faculty member and the
HOD is to be submitted to the Director
(Academic) who, depending on the
merits of the case, may permit the
student to appear for the end semester
examination. A student will be eligible
for this concession at most in two
semesters during the entire degree
programme. Application for medical
leave, supported by medical certificate
with endorsement by a Registered
Medical Officer, should reach the HOD
within seven days after returning from
leave or, on or before the last
instructional day of the semester,
whichever is earlier.
As an incentive to those students who
are involved in extra curricular activities
such as representing the University in
Sports and Games, Cultural Festivals,
and Technical Festivals, NCC/ NSS
events, a relaxation of up to 10%
attendance will be given subject to the
condition that these students take prior

approval from the officer-in-charge. All
such applications should be
recommended by the concerned HOD
and forwarded to Director (Academic)
within seven instructional days after the
programme/activity.
14.
Assessment Procedure
14.1
The Academic Council will decide from

time to time the system of tests and
examinations in each subject in each
semester.
14.2
For each theory course, the

assessment will be done on a
continuous basis as follows:
Test / Exam
Duration
Weightage of Test
Exam
First Periodical Test*
10%
2 Periods
Second Periodical Test*
10%
2 Periods
Model exam
20%
3 hours
Seminar/ Assignments/Quiz
20%
End - semester examination
50%
3 Hours
* Best out of the two tests will be considered.

14.3
For practical courses, the assessment

will be done by the subject teachers as
below:
(i)
Weekly assignment/Observation note

book / lab records - weightage 60%.
(ii)
End semester examination of 3 hours

duration including viva - weightage 40%
15.
Make up Examination/model
examination
15.1
Students who miss the end-semester

examinations / model examination for
valid reasons are eligible for make-up
examination /model examination. Those
7
who miss the end-semester

examination / model examination
should apply to the Head of the
Department concerned within five days
after he / she missed examination,
giving reasons for absence.
15.2
Permission to appear for make-up

examination / model exam will be given
under exceptional circumstances such
as admission to a hospital due to
illness. Students should produce a
medical certificate issued by a
Registered Medical Practitioner
certifying that he/she was admitted to
hospital during the period of examination
/ model exam and the same should be
duly endorsed by parent / guardian and
also by a medical officer of the
University within 5 days.
16.
Project evaluation
16.1
For Project work, the assessment will

be done on a continuous basis as
follows:
17.
Declaration of results
17.1
A candidate who secures not less than

50% of total marks prescribed for a
course with a minimum of 50% of the
marks prescribed for the end semester
examination shall be declared to have
passed the course and earned the
specified credits for the course.
17.2
After the valuation of the answer scripts,

the tabulated results are to be
scrutinized by the Result Passing
Boards of PG programmes constituted
by the Vice-Chancellor. The
recommendations of the Result
Passing Boards will be placed before
the Standing Sub Committee of the
Academic Council constituted by the
Chancellor for scrutiny. The minutes
of the Standing Sub Committee along
with the results are to be placed before
the Vice-Chancellor for approval. After
getting the approval of the ViceChancellor, the results will be published
by the Controller of Examination/
Registrar.
17.3
If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to not satisfying the
minimum requirement in the end
semester examination, he/she shall
register and re-appear for the end
semester examination during the
following semester. However, the
sessional marks secured by the
candidate will be retained for all such
attempts.
17.4
If a candidate fails to secure a pass in

a course due to insufficient sessional
marks though meeting the minimum
requirements of the end semester
examination, wishes to improve on his/
her sessional marks, he/she will have
to register for the particular course and
Review / Examination Weightage

First Review
10%
Second Review
20%
Third Review
20%
End semester
Examination
50%
For end semester exam, the student

will submit a Project Report in a format
specified by the Director (Academic).
The first three reviews will be conducted
by a Committee constituted by the
Head of the Department. The end semester examination will be conducted
by a Committee constituted by the
Controller of Examinations. This will
include an external expert.
attend the course with permission of the

HOD concerned and the Registrar. The
sessional and external marks obtained
by the candidate in this case will
replace the earlier result.
17.5
A candidate can apply for the revaluation

of his/her end semester examination
answer paper in a theory course within
2 weeks from the declaration of the
results, on payment of a prescribed fee
through proper application to the
Registrar/Controller of Examinations
through the Head of the Department.
The Registrar/ Controller of Examination
will arrange for the revaluation and the
results will be intimated to the
candidate concerned through the Head
of the Department. Revaluation is not
permitted for practical courses and for
project work.
CGPA 8.0 : First Class with distinction

6.5 CGPA < 8.0 : First Class
5.0 CGPA < 6.5 : Second Class.
19.2 (i)Further, the award of 'First class with
distinction' is subject to the candidate
becoming eligible for the award of the
degree having passed the examination
in all the courses in his/her first
appearance within the minimum
duration of the programme.
(ii)
The award of 'First Class' is further

subject to the candidate becoming
eligible to the award of the degree having
passed the examination in all the
courses within the below mentioned
duration of the programme.
Program
No. of Semesters
M.Tech.(Full-Time)
The weightage for internal marks in

finalizing results and grades shall be
waived off after completion of 5
semesters.
M.Tech.(Part -Time)
M.B.A. (Full - Time)
M.B.A. (Part - Time)
18.
Grade Card
M.C.A.(Full - Time)
18.1
After results are declared, grade sheet

will be issued to each student, which
will contain the following details:
M.C.A.(Part -Time)
17.6
(iii)
The period of authorized discontinuation

of the programme (vide clause 11.1) will
not be counted for the purpose of the
above classification.
(i)
Program and branch for which the

student has enrolled.
(ii)
Semester of registration.
20.
Transfer of credits
(iii)
List of courses registered during the

semester and the grade scored.
20.1
(iv)
Semester Grade Point Average (GPA)
(v)
Cumulative Grade Point Average

(CGPA).
19.
Class / Division
19.1
Classification is based on CGPA and

is as follows:
Within the broad framework of these

regulations, the Academic Council,
based on the recommendation of the
transfer of credits committee so
constituted by the Chancellor may
permit students to earn part of the credit
requirement in other approved
institutions of repute and status in the
country or abroad.
21.
Eligibility for the award of (M.TECH

/ M.B.A. / M.C.A.) Degree
21.1
A student will be declared to be eligible

for the award of the (M.TECH / M.B.A.
/ M.C.A.). Degree if he/she has
i)
registered and successfully credited all

the core courses,
ii)
successfully acquired the credits in the

different categories as specified in the
curriculum corresponding to the
discipline (branch) of his/her study
within the stipulated time,
iii)
has no dues to all sections of the

Institute including Hostels, and
iv)
has no disciplinary action pending

against him/her.
The award of the degree must be
recommended by the Academic Council
and approved by the Board of
Management of the University.
22.
Power to modify
22.1
Notwithstanding all that has been stated

above, the Academic Council has the
right to modify any of the above
regulations from time to time subject
to approval by the Board of
Management.
10
HINDUSTAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

M.TECH. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
SEMESTER I
Sl. No. Course
Course Title
P C TCH
Theory
1.
PMA106
Advanced Applied Mathematics #
2.
PCS101
Advanced Digital Signal Processing *
3.
PCS102
Advanced Radiation Systems
4.
PES102
Embedded System Design **
5.
PCS103
Optical Communication Networks
6.
PIT101
Advanced Data Communication ***
Communication System Lab I
26
27
Practical
7.
PCS104
Total
#
Common to CS, PC&I, AE, CCE, ES, VLSI
Common to CS, AE, CCE
**
Common to CS, AE, EC, ES, VLSI, PC&I
***
Common to CS, CSE, CCE, SE, IT
SEMESTER II
Sl. No. Course
Course Title
P C TCH
PCS201
Mobile Communication Networks *
2.
PCS202
Multimedia Compression Techniques *
3.
PCS203
Microwave Integrated Circuits
4.
PCS204
Satellite Communication *
5.
Elective I
6.
Elective II
Communication System Lab II
24
25
Theory
1.
Practical
7.
PCS205
Total
* Common to CS, CCE
11
SEMESTER III
Sl. No. Course
Course Title
P C TCH
1.
Elective III
2.
Elective IV
3.
Elective V
Project Work (Phase I)
12 6
12
15
21
Theory
Practical
4.
PCS301
Total
SEMESTER IV
Sl. No. Course
Course Title
1.
Project Work (Phase II)
PCS401
Total
P C TCH
24 12
24
12
24
TOTAL CREDITS : 77
12
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Sl. No. Course
Course Title
P C TCH
PCS701
Communication Protocol Engineering
PCS702
DSP Processor Architecture and Programming
PCS703
Wavelets and Multi-Resolution Processing
PCS704
Network Routing Algorithms
PCS705
Global Positioning Systems
PCS706
Digital Image Processing
PCS707
Advanced Microprocessors & Micro Controllers
PCE704
Internetworking Multimedia
PCS708
Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility

in System Design
10
PCS709
Communication Network Security
11
PCS710
High Speed Switching Architecture
12
PSE713
Adhoc Networks
13
PCS711
Wireless Sensor Networks
14
PCS712
RF System Design
15
PCE203
Soft Computing
16
PCS713
Error Control Coding
13
SEMESTER I
PMA106 ADVANCED APPLIED MATHEMATICS
L
3
T
1
P
0
C
4
Goal
Develop the Mathematical skills to formulate certain practical problems, solve them and physically
interpret the results
Objectives
The course should enable the student to
1.
Understand the techniques to solve the system of equations using direct method and indirect
methods. Learns to decompose the matrix in the LU form and to find the Eigen value of a
matrix using power and Jacobi methods.
2.
Learn to classify the initial and boundary value problems. Understands the D'Alemberts
solution of the one dimensional wave equation. Learn significance of characteristic curves.
3.
Learn series solutions of Bessel's and Legendre equations. Understand recurrence relation,
generating functions and orthogonal properties.
4.
Learn basics of probability, addition and multiplication, Baye's theorems. Understands the
concept of random variable, moment generating function and their properties. Learn standard
distributions in discrete and continuous cases
5.
Learn the different Markovian models with finite and infinite capacity and understands to
classify them.
Outcomes
The students should be able to:
1.
Able to write the algorithm for solving the simultaneous equations for direct and indirect
methods. Identifies the Eigen values using conventional method and compares with numerical
solutions. Able to write the algorithm to find the Eigen values of a matrix.
2.
Able to form the wave equations with initial conditions and solve them using D'Alemberts
solutions. Solves the wave equations using Laplace transform for displacements in long
string - long string under its weight and free and forced vibrations.
3.
Solves the Bessel's equation and Legendre equations. Using Bessel's function solves many
practical problems that arise in electrical transmission problems and vibration of membranes
as in loudspeakers.
4.
Evaluates the probability using addition and multiplication theorem. Applies Baye's for practical
problems to find the probability. Verifies whether a given function is a probability mass or
density function. Applies the discrete and continuous distributions for solving practical
problems. Evaluates the moments of the distributions using moment generating function.
5.
Able to analyze and classify the models, M / M / 1, M / M / C, finite and infinite capacity and
solves practical problems related to the queuing models.
14
UNIT I
LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATION AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS
12
System of Equations - Solution by Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods - LU decomposition
method - Indirect methods - Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel methods - Eigen values of a matrix
using Jacobi and power methods.
UNIT II
WAVE EQUATION
12
Solution of initial and boundary value problems - Characteristics - D'Alembert's solution - Significance
of characteristic curves - Laplace transform solutions for displacement in a long string, in a long
string under its weight - a bar with prescribed force on one end - Free vibrations of a string.
UNIT III SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
12
Series solutions - Bessel's equation - Bessel functions - Legendre's equation - Legendre polynomials
- Rodrigue's formula - Recurrence relations - Generating functions and orthogonal property for Bessel
functions of the first and second kind - Legendre polynomials.
UNIT IV PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE
12
Discrete and Continuous random variables - Moments - Moment generating functions - Standard
distributions - Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Normal ,Exponential,
Gamma and Weibull distributions - Two dimensional random variables - Joint, Marginal and Conditional
distributions. Correlation and Regression.
UNIT V
QUEUING THEORY
12
Markovian models - Birth and death queuing models - Steady state - Single and Multiple servers - M/
M/1 - Finite and infinite capacity - M/M/C - finite and infinite capacity.
TOTAL: 60
REFERENCES
1)
Taha, H.A., "Operations Research - An Introduction ", Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 6th Edition,
New Delhi, 1997.
2)
Dr.Singaravelu A., Dr.Siva Subramanian S., and Dr.Ramachandran C., "Probability and Queuing
Theory", Meenakshi agency, 20th edition, January 2013.
3)
Veerarajan T., "Probability, Statistics and Random Processes", Tata McGraw-Hill, second
edition, 2004.
4)
Grewal B.S., "Higher Engineering Mathematics", Khanna Publishers, 34th edition.
5)
Sankara Rao K., "Introduction to Partial Differential Equations", PHI, 1995.
6)
Veerarajan T., "Mathematics IV", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.
15
PCS101 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

L
3
T
1
P C
0 4
Prerequisite
Basic knowledge of random processes, Fourier Transform, auto-correlation matrices &
sampling process.
Goal
To provide knowledge of digital signal processing methods and tools, including leading algorithms for
various applications.
Objectives
The course will enable the students to:
(i)
Know the basics of discrete random processes
(ii)
Know the basics of various Spectrum estimation methods
(iii)
Know the basics of linear estimators & predictors
(iv)
Know the basics of various adaptive filters along with their applications
(v)
Know the fundamentals of multirate digital signal processing
Outcomes
At the end of the course the students should be able to
(i)
Understand the various theorems & processing that are done on discrete random processes
(ii)
Understand the different parametric & non-parametric spectrum estimation methods
(iii)
Understand the linear predictors & Wiener filters
(iv)
Understand the adaptive filters & their various applications
(v)
Understand the importance of multirate digital signal processing
UNIT I
DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING
Discrete Random Processes- Ensemble averages, stationary processes, Autocorrelation and Auto
covariance matrices. Parseval's Theorem, Wiener-Khintchine Relation- Power Spectral DensityPeriodogram Spectral Factorization, Filtering random processes. Low Pass Filtering of White Noise.
Parameter estimation: Bias and consistency.
UNIT II
SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
Estimation of spectra from finite duration signals, Non-Parametric Methods-Correlation Method ,

Periodogram Estimator, Performance Analysis of Estimators -Unbiased, Consistent EstimatorsModified periodogram, Bartlett and Welch methods, Blackman -Tukey method. Parametric Methods
- AR, MA, ARMA model based spectral estimation. Parameter Estimation -Yule-Walker equations,
solutions using Durbin's algorithm
16
UNIT III LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION
Linear prediction- Forward and backward predictions, Solutions of the Normal equations- LevinsonDurbin algorithms. Least mean squared error criterion -Wiener filter for filtering and prediction , FIR
Wiener filter and Wiener IIR filters ,Discrete Kalman filter
UNIT IV
ADAPTIVE FILTERS
FIR adaptive filters -adaptive filter based on steepest descent method-Widrow-Hoff LMS adaptive
algorithm, Normalized LMS. Adaptive channel equalization-Adaptive echo cancellation-Adaptive noise
cancellation- Adaptive recursive filters (IIR). RLS adaptive filters-Exponentially weighted RLS-sliding
window RLS.
UNIT V
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Mathematical description of change of sampling rate - Interpolation and Decimation , Decimation by

an integer factor - Interpolation by an integer factor, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor,
Filter implementation for sampling rate conversion- direct form FIR structures, Polyphase filter
structures, time-variant structures. Multistage implementation of multirate system. Application to
sub band coding - Wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of wavelet expansion of signals.
L=45, T=15, TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOK:
1.
Monson H.Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., Singapore, 2002.
REFERENCES:
1.
John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing Pearson Education, 2002.
2.
John G. Proakis et.al.'Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing', Pearson Education, 2002.
3.
Dimitris G.Manolakis et.al.' Statistical and adaptive signal Processing', McGraw Hill, Newyork,
2000.
4.
Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, 'Digital Image Processing', Pearson Education, Inc.,
Second Edition, 2004.( For Wavelet Transform Topic)
17
PCS102 ADVANCED RADIATION SYSTEMS
Prerequisite
L
3
T
1
P C
0 4
Antennas & Propagation
Goal
To make the student knowledgable in various types of antennas used in communication
Objectives
The course should enable the students to:
1.
Review the fundamentals of E.M. radiation
2.
Reason for using arrays types and advantages
3.
Discuss the aperture types of Antennas
4.
Have knowledge about micro strip antennas and their advantages.
5.
Discuss and appreciate polarization as related to antennas and exploit it.
Outcomes
At the end of the course the students:
1.
Must become familiar with fundamentals and specifications for antennas
2.
Must become knowledgeable for reasons for going for arrays and their advantages &
disadvantages.
3.
Should have knowledge of several aperture type antennas and their advantages.
4.
Understand the various micro strip antennas and typical uses for them.
5.
Familiar with polarization and its utilization.
UNIT I
CONCEPTS OF RADIATION
Retarded vector potentials - Heuristic approach and Maxwell's equation approach. The Lorentz gauge
condition. Vector potential in Phasor form. Fields radiated by an alternating current element. Total
power radiated and radiation resistance. Radiation from Half wave dipole from assumed current
distribution. Power radiated in the farfield. Electric vector potential F for a magnetic current source M.
Far zone fields due to magnetic source M.
UNIT II
ANTENNA ARRAYS
N element linear arrays - uniform amplitude and spacing. Phased arrays. Directivity of Broadside and
End fire arrays. Three dimensional characteristics. Binomial arrays and Dolph- Tchebycheff arrays.
Circular array. Antenna Synthesis- Line source and discretization of continuous sources. Schelkunoff
polynomial method. Fourier transform method.
UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS
Magnetic current - Duality. Electric and Magnetic current sheets as sources. Huyghens source.
Radiation through an aperture in an absorbing screen. Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffraction. Cornu
18
Spiral. Complimentary screens and slot antennas. Slot and dipoles as dual antennas. Babinets
principle. Fourier transform in aperture antenna theory.
UNIT IV HORN, MICROSTRIP, REFLECTOR ANTENNAS
E and H plane sectoral Horns. Pyramidal horns. Conical and corrugated Horns. Multimode horns.
Phase center. Microstrip antennas - feeding methods. Rectangular patch- Transmission line model
Parabolic Reflector antennas - Prime focus and cassegrain reflectors. Equivalent focal length of
Cassegrain antennas. Spillover and taper efficiencies. Optimum illumination.
UNIT V
ANTENNA POLARIZATION
Simple relationship involving spherical triangles. Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization. Development
of the Poincare sphere. Representation of the state of polarization in the Poincare sphere. Random
polarization - Stokes parameters.
L=45, T=15, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
Balanis, C.A., "Antenna Theory" Wiley, 2003
2.
Jordan, E.C.et al, "Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems". PHI 2003
REFERENCES:
1.
Krauss, J.D., "Radio Astronomy" McGraw-Hill 1966, (UNIT V)
2.
Krauss, J.D., Fleisch, D.A., "Electromagnetics" McGraw-Hill,1999.

PES102 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
Prerequisite
L
3
T
1
P C
0 4
Nil
Goal
The aim of this course is to expose the concepts of Embedded system principles and software
development tools and introducing PIC and Motorola microcontrollers and interfacing.
Objectives
1.
Review basics in Embedded hardware
2.
Learn basic concepts of design of Embedded software system
3.
Learn the Software architecture and Developments tools
4.
Learn the Operation of PIC microcontroller and interfacing
5.
Learn the Operation of Embedded Microcomputer systems
19
Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1.
Use of hardware fundamentals. Gates, timing diagram, DMA, interrupts, built -ins on the
microprocessor architecture,
2.
Explain the concept of Tasks, States, Data, Semaphores, more operating system services
IR in RTOS environment, Basic design using RTOS,
3.
Develop through basic knowledge on the behavior and the characteristics of Round-Robin
techniques, Functions, Queue, Host and Target machine and Debugging techniques,
4.
Learn the usage of Architecture, instruction sets of PIC, Loop time subroutine, I/O port
expansion,I2C for peripherals chip access, ADC and UART special features,
5.
Acquire knowledge on the configuration of Motorolla, Registers, addressing modes, Interfacing

methods, ISR, Timing generations and measurements.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : REVIEW OF EMBEDDED HARDWARE
Hardware Fundamentals: Terminology- Gates- Timing Diagram- Microprocessors- Buses- Direct

Memory Access- Interrupts- Other Common Parts- Built-Ins on the Microprocessor-Conventions
Used on Schematics. Interrupts: Microprocessor Architecture - Interrupts Basics-Shared-Data
Problem- Interrupt Latency, Examples of Embedded System.
UNIT II
DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SOFTWARE SYSTEM
Introduction: Tasks and Task States- Tasks and Data- Semaphores and Shared Data. More Operating
System Services: Message Queues- Mailboxes and Pipes- Timer Functions- Events- Memory
Management- Interrupt Routines in an RTOS Environment, Basic Design Using a Real-Time Operating
System.
UNIT III SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES AND DEVELOPMENT AND TOOLS
Software Architectures: Round-Robin- Round-Robin with Interrupts- Function-Queue- Scheduling

Architecture- Real-Time Operating System Architecture, Development Tools: Host and Target MachinesLinker/Locators for Embedded Software, Debugging Techniques.
UNIT IV PIC MICROCONTROLLER AND INTERFACING
Introduction- CPU Architecture and Instruction Set- Loop Time Subroutine- Timer2 and InterruptsInterrupts Timing- I/O Port Expansion- I2C Bus for Peripheral Chip Access- Analog-to- Digital ConverterUART- Special Features.
UNIT V
EMBEDDED MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS
Introduction to ARM7 - 2148 - Instructions set - Addressing Modes. Interfacing Methods: Parallel I/O
Interface- Parallel Port Interfaces- Memory Interfacing- High Speed I/O interfacing-Analog interfacing,
Interrupts, Interrupts Service Routine- Features of Interrupts- Interrupt Vector and Priority, Timing
Generation and Measurements: Input Capture- Output Compare- Frequency Measurement, Serial I/
O Devices: RS232- RS485.
L = 45, T = 15, TOTAL= 60
20
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
David E Simon, An Embedded Software Primer, Pearson Education Asia, 2001.
2.
John B. Peat man, Design with Microcontroller, Pearson Education Asia, 1998.
3.
Jonarthan W. Valvano Brooks/cole, Embedded Micro Computer Systems, Real Time

Interfacing, Thomson Learning, 2001.
REFERENCES:
1.
Burns, Alan and Wellings, Andy, Real-Time Systems and Programming Languages, Second
Edition, Harlow: Addison-Wesley-Longman, 1997.
2.
Raymond J.A. Bhur and Donald L.Bialey, An Introduction to Real Time Systems: Design to
Networking with C/C++, Prentice Hall Inc, NewJersey, 1999.
3.
Grehan Moore, and Cyliax, Real Time Programming: A Guide to 32 Bit Embedded Development.
Reading: Addison-Wesley-Longman, 1998.
4.
Heath, Steve, Embedded Systems Design. Newnes , 1997.

PCS103 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Prerequisite
L
4
T
0
P C
0 4
Fundamentals of optical communication and computer networking
Goal
The goal of the programme is to study the Optical network components for Optical Network
communication, study various Network architecture and topologies for optical networks and to study
the issues in the network design and operation for wavelength routing in optical networks.
Objectives
1.
Understand the evolution of optical networks, first and second generation and various
developments over the years, and various optical networking components
2.
Develop an in-depth knowledge on TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms,
Multiplexing, Network elements, Topologies, Protection architectures and Network
Management.
3.
Understand various broadcast and select networks. How the medium is to effectively share
through various protocols.
4.
Understand the bottlenecks in network design and wavelength assignment.
5.
Study various high capacity optical networks and TDM techniques in optical domain.
21
Outcomes
1.
Have a good knowledge on first- and second-generation optical networks. Learn the operation
of couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers and filters and optical amplifiers. Understand
various optical switching mechanisms and wavelength converters.
2.
Solve various networking problems and to understand the concept of network management.
3.
Understand single-hop, multi-hop and shufflenet networks and media access protocols.
4.
Learn techniques for effective wavelength assignment with existing efforts as examples.
5.
Develop clear understand on high capacity optical networks and techniques to realize the
same.
UNIT I
OPTICAL NETWORKING COMPONENTS
12
First- and second-generation optical networks, Components: couplers, isolators, circulators,

multiplexers, filters, amplifiers, switches and wavelength converters.
UNIT II
SONET AND SDH NETWORKS
12
Integration of TDM signals, Layers, Framing, Transport overhead, Alarms, Multiplexing, Network
elements, Topologies, Protection architectures, Ring architectures, Network Management.
UNIT III BROADCAST - AND- SELECT NETWORKS
12
Topologies, Single-hop, Multihop, and Shufflenet multihop networks, Media-Access control protocols,
Test beds.
UNIT IV WAVELENGTH-ROUTING NETWORKS
12
Node designs, Issues in Network design and operation, Optical layer cost Tradeoffs, Routing and
Wavelength assignment, Wavelength routing test beds.
UNIT V
HIGH CAPACITY NETWORKS
12
SDM, TDM, and WDM approaches, Application areas, Optical TDM Networks: Multiplexing and
demultiplexing, Synchronization, Broadcast networks, Switch-based networks, OTDM testbeds.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOK:
1.
Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A practical perspective, Morgan
Kaufmann, 1st edition, 2001.
REFERENCES:
1.
Vivek Alwayn, Optical Network Design and Implementation, Pearson Education, 2004.
2.
Hussein T.Mouftab and Pin-Han Ho, Optical Networks: Architecture and Survivability,
KluwerAcademic Publishers, 2002.
3.
Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical Communication Networks, McGraw Hill, 1997
22
PIT101 ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATION
Prerequisite
L
4
T
0
P C
0 4
Nil
Goal
To provide a wide knowledge in the Advanced Communication systems.
Objectives
The course should enable the student to:
1.
understand the concepts of TCP/IP, UDP and OSI architecture.
2.
have knowledge about the ATM Services and Connection
3.
know about the congestion control parameters
4.
establish the graph and finding the shortest path among different routing protocols.
5.
understand the key concepts of integrated service architecture and label switching
Outcomes
The student should be able to:
1.
understood the fundamental concepts of data communications and networking
2.
have some idea about the ATM protocol architecture and services.
3.
know about how to control the congestion in layers.
4.
Apply the different routing protocols to find the shortest path.
5.
design the ISA and several concepts on it.
UNIT I
NETWORK ARCHITECTURES
12
The need for speed and quality of service, Advanced TCP/IP and ATM Networks, The need for a
protocol architecture, The TCP/IP protocol architecture, The OSI model, Internetworking, TCP, UDP,
IPv6.
UNIT II
ATM NETWORKS
12
Packet-switching networks, Frame relay networks, ATM protocol architecture, ATM logical connections,
ATM cells, ATM service categories, ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL), The emergence of high-speed
LANs, Ethernet, Fibre channel, Wireless LANs.
UNIT III TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
12
Congestion control in data networks and internets, Effects of congestion, Congestion and control,
Traffic management, Congestion control in Packet-Switching networks, Frame relay congestion
control, The need for flow and error control, Link control mechanisms, ARQ performance, TCP flow
control, TCP congestion control performance of TCP over ATM.
23
UNIT IV ROUTING PROTOCOLS
12
Overview of graph theory and least-cost paths, Elementary concepts of graph theory, Shortest path
length determination, Internet routing principles, Distance-Vector protocol, RIP, Link-State protocol,
OSPF, Path-Vector protocols, BGP and IDRP, Multicasting.
UNIT V
ADVANCED NETWORKING CONCEPTS
12
Integrated Services Architecture (ISA), Queuing discipline, Random early detection, Differentiated
services, Real-Time traffic, Resource Reservation : RSVP, Multiprotocol label switching, Real-Time
Transport Protocol (RTP).
Total 60
REFERENCE BOOKS
1.
Willam Stallings, "High Speed Networks and Internets - Performance and Quality of Service",
2nd Ed., Pearson Education.
2.
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, " Computer Networks", 4th Ed., Pearson Education.
3.
James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross, "Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach featuring

the Internet".
4.
William Stallings, "Data and Computer Communications", 9th Ed., Pearson Education.
PCS104 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB I
Prerequisite
L
0
T
0
P C
3 2
NIL
Goal
To Provide hands on training with MATLAB simulator and radiation patterns for different antennas.
Objectives
The course should enable the students to :
1.
Know MatLab simulation software to perform Signal Processing exercises,
2.
Know the Radiation patterns for different types of antennas.
3.
Study of spread spectrum techniques.
Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to :
1.
Use Mat Lab simulation software to perform various Signal Processing exercises,
2.
Understand the concepts and power distribution of dipole and Horn antenna
3.
Understand the concepts for different coding techniques(CDMA,TDMA,FDMA)
24
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.
Simulation of Modulation and Coding in an AWGN Communication Channel using

Simulation Packages.
2.
Implementation of Adaptive Filters, periodogram and multistage multirate

system in DSP Processor.
3.
Simulation of QMF using Simulation Packages.
4.
Implementation of linear and cyclic codes.
5.
Study of Spread spectrum techniques
6.
Antenna Radiation Pattern measurement.
7.
Implementation of Video Link using Optical Fiber.
8.
Performance evaluation of Digital Data Transmission through Fiber Optic Link.
3
TOTAL:45
Equipments Required
1.
PC
2.
Software - Mat lab R2012a
3.
Communication system toolbox
4.
DSP Toolbox
5.
Antenna Trainer Kit
6.
CRO
7.
Printer - 1
8.
Optical Trainer Kit for Video Link
9.
Optical Trainer Kit for Digital Data Transmission
25
SEMESTER II
PCS201 MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Prerequisite
L
4
T
0
P C
0 4
Nil
Goal
To introduce the evolution and concepts of mobile communication networks, various modulation
techniques, propagation models, network architecture and protocol standards.
Objectives
1.
Describe the evolution and the fundamentals of cellular radio concepts.
2.
Discuss the different radio propagation models and air protocols.
3.
Understand the various Mobile Network Architecture.
4.
Understand the various issues in Wireless Networks.
5.
Learn the various security related issues in the wireless networks.
Outcomes
1.
Learn the evolution and concepts of cellular communication
2.
Learn the various radio propagation models.
3.
Discuss the famous mobile network architecture and its operation.
4.
Learn the various issues of wireless network.
5.
Understand various security mechanism of a wireless networks.
UNIT I
OPERATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
12
Operation of first, second and third generation wireless networks: cellular systems, medium access
techniques, Mobile networks, elementary Principles of cellular Telephony Channel Division Techniques
(TDMA, FDMA, CDMA) Cellular Coverage Methods Network Planning and Resource Allocation,
Network Dimensioning and Mobility Management Procedures.
UNIT II
PROPAGATION MODELS AND AIR PROTOCOLS
12
Radio propagation models, error control techniques, handoff, power control, Soft handover, Forward
link - Reverse link - common air protocols (AMPS, IS-95, IS-136, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA,
cdma2000, etc)
UNIT III MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
12
General Architecture definition, Mobile Terminals (MT, SIM) Radio Section (BTS, BSC) Core Network
(MSC, G-MSC, VLR, HLR, AuC) User and Control Plane Protocol Stack, MAP & SS#7, the Key Role
26
of Signaling Interfaces and Network Entities Relation The Physical Channel, The Logical Channels
Terminal, Call and Network Management Procedures, Network Planning.
UNIT IV WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS
12
Wireless Local Area Networks , General Characteristics of the Hyper LAN System, 802.11 Standard,
Basic DCF access scheme, DCF Access Scheme with Handshaking, PCF Access Scheme, The
802.11a Standard, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Energy Efficiency,
Localization, Clustering.
UNIT V
SECURITY ISSUES IN WIRELESS NETWORKS
12
Security in Wireless Networks, Secure routing, Key Pre-distribution and Management, Encryption
and Authentication, Security in Group Communication, Trust Establishment and Management, Denial
of Service Attacks, Energy-aware security mechanisms, Location verification, Security on Data fusion.
L = 60, TOTAL= 60
TEXT BOOK
1.
T.S. Rappaport, "Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice", Second Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2002.
REFERENCES
1.
W. Stallings, "Wireless Communications and Networks", Prentice Hall, 2002.
2.
V.K. Garg, "IS-95 CDMA and CDMA 2000", Prentice Hall PTR, 2000.
3.
Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja, "Communication Networks, Fundamental Concepts and Key

Architectures", McGraw-Hill, 2000.
4.
J.Schiller,"Mobile Communications", Addison Wesley, 2000.
5.
Fred Halsall, "Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards",

Addison Wesley, 2001.
6.
Uyless Black ,"Mobile and Wireless Networks" , Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
PCS202 MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
L
4
Prerequisite
T
0
P C
0 4
Nil
Goal
To introduce the Fundamental Concepts in Multimedia compression techniques and standards for
transmission and storage
Objectives
(1)
Study the Concepts of Video and Digital Audio

27
(2)
Study the Concepts of Text Compression
(3)
Study the Concepts of Audio Compression
(4)
Study the Concepts of Image Compression
(5)
Study the Concepts of Video Compression
Outcome
(1)
Understand the concept Multimedia Compression and Error analysis
(2)
Understand the various Coding Techniques
(3)
Understand the concepts of A - Law, - Law, G.722, MPEG audio
(4)
Understand the concept of Predictive techniques and JPEG standards
(5)
Know the various MPEG standards and DVI technologies and applications
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
12
Special features of Multimedia - Graphics and Image Data Representations - Fundamental Concepts
of Video and Digital Audio - Storage requirements for multimedia applications -Need for Compression
- Taxonomy of compression techniques - Overview of source coding, source models, scalar and
vector quantization theory - Evaluation techniques.
UNIT II
TEXT COMPRESSION
12
Compression techniques - Huffmann coding - Adaptive Huffmann Coding - Arithmetic coding- ShannonFano coding - Dictionary techniques - LZW family algorithms
UNIT III AUDIO COMPRESSION
12
Audio compression techniques - A- Law and - Law companding. Frequency domain and filtering Basic sub-band coding - Application to speech coding - G.722 - Application to audio coding - MPEG
audio, progressive encoding for audio - Silence compression, speech compression techniques Formant and CELP Vocoders
UNIT IV IMAGE COMPRESSION
12
Predictive techniques - DM, PCM, and DPCM: Optimal Predictors and Optimal Quantization - Contour
based compression - Transform Coding - JPEG Standard - Sub-band coding algorithms: Wavelet
based compression: EZW, SPIHT coders - JPEG 2000 standards - JBIG, JBIG2 standards.
UNIT V
VIDEO COMPRESSION
12
Video compression techniques and standards - MPEG Video Coding I: MPEG - 1 and 2 - MPEG
Video Coding II: MPEG - 4 and 7 - Motion estimation and compensation techniques - H.261 Standard
- DVI technology - PLV performance - DVI real time compression - Packet Video.
L = 60, TOTAL=60
28
REFERENCES:
1.
Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, Morgan Kauffman Harcourt India, 2nd
Edition, 2000.
2.
David Salomon, Data Compression - The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag New York
Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001.
3.
Yun Q.Shi, Huifang Sun, Image and Video Compression for Multimedia Engineering Fundamentals, Algorithms & Standards, CRC press, 2003.
4.
Peter Symes, Digital Video Compression, McGraw Hill Pub., 2004.
5.
Mark Nelson, Data compression, BPB Publishers, New Delhi,1998.
6.
Mark S.Drew, Ze-Nian Li : Fundamentals of Multimedia, PHI, 1st Edition, 2003.
7.
Watkinson,J, Compression in Video and Audio, Focal press,London.1995.
8.
Jan Vozer , Video Compression for Multimedia, AP Profes, NewYork, 1995

PCS203 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Prerequisite
L
4
T
0
P C
0 4
Microwave Engineering, Electromagnetic fields.
Goal
To know the Integrated circuit technology for Microwave IC fabrication, to analyze the various Striplines
and waveguide structures and to design Lumped and Non-reciprocal components for Microwave
applications.
Objectives
1.
Understand Microwave Integrated Circuit technology, thin film and active devices.
2.
Develop an in-depth knowledge on MMICs and various process steps
3.
Study the various steps in the design of micro-striplines.
4.
Study the integration of waveguides and couplers on chip.
5.
Understand the design of microwave lumped and non-reciprocal elements.
Outcomes
1.
Have a good knowledge on the thin film technology.
2.
Understand the various techniques used in MMIC technology
3.
Solve microstrip line related problems and numerical design of the same.
4.
Understand various forms of waveguide embedding and coupler design.
5.
Understand the design of various microwave lumped elements.

29
UNIT I
TECHNOLOGY OF HYBRID MICs
12
Dielectric substrates - thick film technology and materials - thin film technology and materials methods of testing - encapsulation of devices for MICs - mounting of active devices.
UNIT II
TECHNOLOGY OF MONOLITHIC MICs
12
Processes involved in fabrication - epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer - growth of dielectric layer
- diffusion-ion implantation - electron beam technology.
UNIT III ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE
12
Methods of conformal transformation - numerical method for analysis - hybrid mode analysis - coupled
mode analysis- method of images - losses in miscrostrips.
UNIT IV COUPLED MICROSTRIPS, SLOT LINE AND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES
12
Coupled microstrips - even and odd mode analysis - microstrip directional couplers - branch line
couplers - periodic branch line couplers - synchronous branch line couplers.
UNIT V
LUMPED ELEMENTS AND NON-RECIPROCAL COMPONENTS
12
Design and fabrication using microstrips - flat resistors - flat inductors - interdigital capacitors sandwich capacitors - ferromagnetic substrates for non-reciprocal devices - microstrip circulatorslatching circulators - isolators - phase shifters.
L = 60, TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOK:
1.
Gupta,K.C, and Amarjit singh - "Microwave Integrated Circuits" - John Wiley and sons Wiley Eastern Reprint, 1978.
REFERENCE:
1.
Hoffmann, R.K - "Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits" - Artech House,

PCS204 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
L
4
T
0
P C
0 4
Prerequisite
Goal
The student will get to know the satellite systems advantages and disadvantages and the various
services offered by Satellite Systems
Objectives
The course should enable the students to
1.
Know Keplers laws of Planetary motion and its application to Earth satellite systems, orbital
elements and controlling them.
30
2.
Know the 3 types of orbits and launching satellite into these orbits and maintaining them
there throughout their life.
3.
Know the details of communication link through the satellite both uplink and downlink
4.
Know how a satellite can be accessed by many who come within its range of visibility
5.
To know the several services offered by a satellite and the national, regional and international
systems currently operating.
Outcomes
1.
Keplers laws for planetary motion and its application to Earth Satellite System
2.
The three types of orbits to which the satellite can be launched and maintaining them in the
specified orbits to the accuracy required by International authorities.
3.
Must be capable of designing satellite communication links for a given range and for given
specifications either digital or Analogue.
4.
Must understand the various multiple access technique available for the users of the satellite
and the comparative merits and demerits
5.
To become familiar with the several services possible in satellite system and to know the
capabilities of national, regional & international systems.
UNIT I
ORBITAL MECHANICS
12
Kepler's laws of motion, Orbits, Orbit Equations, Orbit Description, Locating the Satellite in the Orbit
and with Respect to Earth, Orbital Elements-Look Angle Determination and Visibility - Orbital
Perturbations, Orbit Determination, Launch Vehicles, Orbital Effects in Communication System Performance Attitude control; Satellite launch vehicles, spectrum allocations for satellite systems.
UNIT II
SPACECRAFT SUB SYSTEMS AND EARTH STATION
12
Spacecraft Subsystems, Altitude and Orbit Control, Telemetry and Tracking, Power Systems,
Communication Subsystems, Transponders, Antennas, Equipment Reliability, Earth Stations, example
of payloads of operating and planned systems.
UNIT III SPACE LINKS
12
The Space Link, Satellite Link Design - Satellite uplink -down link power Budget, Basic
Transmission Theory, System Noise Temp, G/T Ratio, Noise Figure, Downlink Design, Design of
Satellite Links for Specified C/N - Microwave Propagation on Satellite-Earth Paths - Interference
between satellite circuits, Energy Dispersal, propagation characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite
links.
UNIT IV MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES AND NETWORK ASPECTS
12
Single access vs. multiple access (MA). Classical MA techniques: FDMA, TDMA. Single channel
per carrier (SCPC) access - Code division multiple access (CDMA). Demand assignment techniques.
31
Examples of MA techniques for existing and planned systems (e.g. the satellite component of UMTS)
- Mobile satellite network design, ATM via satellite - TCP/IP via satellite - Call control, handover and
call set up procedures - Hybrid satellite-terrestrial networks.
UNIT V
SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS
12
Fixed and mobile services - Multimedia satellite services - Advanced applications based on satellite
platforms - INTELSAT series - INSAT, VSAT, Remote Sensing - Mobile satellite service: GSM - GPS,
INMARSAT, Navigation System, Direct to Home service (DTH), Special services, E-mail, Video
conferencing and Internet connectivity.
L = 60, TOTAL=60
TEXT BOOK:
1.
Dennis Roddy, "Satellite Communications", Fourth Edition, Mc Graw Hill International Editions,
2001.
REFERENCES:
1.
Bruce R.Elbert, "The Satellite Communication Applications Hand Book, Artech House
Boston,1997.
2.
Wilbur L.Pritchard, Hendri G.Suyderhood, Robert A.Nelson,"Satellite Communication Systems

Engineering", II Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1993
3.
Tri T.Ha, "Digital satellite communication", 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New york.1990
PCS205 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB II
L
0
T
0
P C
3 2
Goal
To introduce the students to the various tool boxes available in matlab and simulink blocksets for
communication engineering.
Objectives
1.
Learn Simulation of image compression using matlab
2.
Learn Simulation of micro strip antennas
3.
Learn how to determine the S-parameters of microwave devices
4.
Study GPS
5.
Obtain the performance of digital modulation techniques and CDMA system
6.
Learn to Design a microstrip coupler
7.
Learn to analyze the characteristics of a transmission line
8.
Learn to Use Computer vision tool box
9.
Learn Simulation of audio and speech compression using matlab

32
Outcomes
1.
Understand the simulation of image compression.
2.
Simulate a micro strip antenna
3.
Write matlab coding to determine S-parameters of microwave devices.
4.
Know about GPS
5.
Use Communication system tool box to evaluate the performance of digital modulation
techniques and CDMA system
6.
Design a micro strip coupler
7.
Analyze the characteristics of a transmission line
8.
Use Computer vision tool box for Thresholding, Histogram, Edge detection
9.
Obtain the audio and speech compression using matlab..
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.
Simulation of EZW / SPIHT Image coding algorithm.
2.
Simulation of Microstrip Antennas.
3.
S-parameter estimation of Microwave devices.
4.
Study of Global Positioning System.
5.
Performance evaluation of simulated CDMA System.
6.
Design and testing of a Microstrip coupler.
7.
Characteristics of / and / transmission lines.
8.
Thresholding, Histogram, Edge detection using Computer Vision Tool box.
9.
Performance evaluation of digital modulation techniques.
10.
Audio and speech compression.
3
TOTAL= 45
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
1.
PC - 15 nos
2.
Software - Mat lab R2012a
3.
Communication system toolbox
4.
DSP Toolbox
5.
Computer Vision Toolbox
6.
GPS Trainer kit - 3
7.
Printer - 1
33
SEMESTER III
PCS301 PROJECT WORK (PHASE I)
Prerequisite
L
0
T
0
P C
12 6
Nil
Goal
To develop the student's skills and enable innovation in design and fabrication work from the theoretical
and practical skill acquired from the previous semesters.
Objectives
1.
Select and work on real life application in the field of Electronics & Communication,
2.
Implement their skills acquired in the previous semesters to practical problems,
3.
Apply and enhance the knowledge acquired in the related field,
4.
Make the students come up with new ideas in their area of interest.
Outcomes
1.
Appreciate various aspects of the curriculum which support students in increasing their
mastery,
2.
Get an idea and develop confidence in designing, analyzing and executing the project,
3.
Develop knowledge of latest trends in fabrication and relate their ideas to industrial applications,
4.
Have complete understanding of making a product.
NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical and
experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide who is the
member of the faculty of the institution. Twelve hours per week shall be allotted in the time table and
this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions from the guide, on library reading,
laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned by the guide and also to present in
periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a)
Industrial case study
(b)
Preparation of a feasibility report
(c)
Thesis by experimental research, and
(d)
Design and development of equipment.
34
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved
format.
Sessional marks will include
(a)
Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b)
Degree of involvement and participation,
(c)
Merit of the project.
A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of presentation
and viva-voce examination.
35
SEMESTER IV
PCS401 PROJECT WORK (PHASE II)
Prerequisite
L
0
T
0
P C
24 12
Nil
Goal
To develop the student's skills and enable innovation in design and fabrication work from the theoretical
and practical skill acquired from the previous semesters.
Objectives
1.
Select and work on real life application in the field of Electronics & Communication,
2.
Implement their skills acquired in the previous semesters to practical problems,
3.
Apply and enhance the knowledge acquired in the related field,
4.
Make the students come up with new ideas in his area of interest.
Outcomes
1.
Appreciate various aspects of the curriculum which support students in increasing their
mastery,
2.
Get an idea and develop confidence in designing, analyzing and executing the project,
3.
Develop knowledge of latest trends in fabrication relate their ideas to industrial applications,
4.
Have complete understanding of making a product.
NOTE:
The objective of the project work is to enable the students on a project involving theoretical and
experimental studies related to the branch of study. Every project work shall have a guide who is the
member of the faculty of the institution. Twenty four hours per week shall be allotted in the time table
and this time shall be utilized by the students to receive the directions from the guide, on library
reading, laboratory work, computer analysis or field work as assigned by the guide and also to
present in periodical seminars on the progress made in the project.
Each student will be assigned any one of the following types of project/thesis work:
(a)
Industrial case study
(b)
Preparation of a feasibility report
(c)
Thesis by experimental research, and
(d)
Design and development of equipment.
36
Each report must contain student's own analysis or design presented in the approved
format.
Sessional marks will include
(a) Evaluation of the student's progress,
(b) Degree of involvement and participation,
(c) Merit of the project.
A student will have to defend his/her project/thesis and credit will be given on the merits of presentation
and viva-voce examination.
LIST OF ELECTIVES
PCS701 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL ENGINEERING
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Prerequisite Nil
Goal
To learn and understand the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite for Communication Protocol
Engineering.
Objectives
1.
Study the OSI model and TCP/IP architecture for data communication,
2.
Study the Internet protocol, SDL and its specification languages,
3.
Study the concept of protocol verification and validation,
4.
Study the concept of protocol conformance and performance testing,
5.
Study the concept of protocol synthesis and implementation.
Outcomes
1.
Understand the network reference models for data communications,
2.
Understand the concepts of Internet protocol and SDL protocol,
3.
Verify a protocol using finite state machines and validate them through different protocol
validation approaches,
4.
Understand the concept of protocol conformance test architecture and interoperability and
scalability testing,
5.
Understand the different protocol synthesis algorithms and implementation techniques.
37
UNIT I
NETWORK REFERENCE MODEL
Communication model-software, subsystems, protocol, protocol development methods, Protocol

engineering process, Layered architecture, Network services and Interfaces, Protocol functions, OSI
model, TCP/IP protocol suite.
UNIT II
PROTOCOL SPECIFICATIONS
Components of protocol, Specifications of Communication service, Protocol entity, Interface,

Interactions, Multimedia protocol, Internet protocol, SDL, SDL based protocol- other protocol
specification languages
UNIT III PROTOCOL VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION
Protocol verification, Verification of a protocol using finite state machines, Protocol validation, protocol
design errors, Protocol validation approaches, SDL based protocol verification and validation.
UNIT IV PROTOCOL CONFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE TESTING
Conformance testing methodology and frame work, Conformance test architectures, Test sequence
generation methods, Distributed architecture by local methods, Conformance testing with TTCN,
systems with semi controllable interfaces - RIP,SDL based tools for conformance testing, SDL based
conformance testing of MPLS Performance testing, SDL based performance testing of TCP and
OSPF, Interoperability testing, SDL based interoperability testing of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA protocol
using Bridge, Scalability testing.
UNIT V
PROTOCOL SYNTHESIS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Protocol synthesis, Interactive synthesis algorithm, Automatic synthesis algorithm, Automatic

synthesis of SDL from MSC, Protocol Re-synthesis; Requirements of protocol implementation, Object
based approach to protocol implementation, Protocol compilers, Tool for protocol engineering.
L = 45, TOTAL= 45
REFERENCES
1.
Pallapa Venkataram and Sunilkumar S.Manvi, "Communication protocol engineering", Prentice

Hall of India, 2004.
2.
Richard Lai and Ajin Jirachiefpattana, "Communication Protocol Specification and Verification",
Kluwer Publishers, Boston, 1998.
3.
Tarnay, K., "Protocol Specification and Testing", Springer, 1991.
4.
Mohamed G. Gouda, "Elements of Network Protocol Design", Wiley-Interscience, New York,

1998.
5.
V.Ahuja, "Design and Analysis of Computer Communication networks", McGraw-Hill, London,

1982.
6.
G.J.Holtzmann, "Design and validation of Computer protocols", Prentice Hall, New York,
1991.
38
PCS702 DSP PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Prerequisite
Nil
Goal
The purpose of this course is to analyze and design bipolar and MOS types of IC circuits
Objectives
1.
To understand the fundamentals of programmable DSPs called multiplier, memory access,

VLIW architecture and on chip Peripherals.
2.
To introduce and study about the TMS320C5X PROCESSOR architecture, Addressing modes,
language instructions pipeline structure, operation, DSP starter kit and Application Programs
for processing real time signals.
3.
To introduce and study about the TMS320C3X PROCESSOR architecture, Data formats,
Addressing modes, Instruction sets, operation, DSP starter kit, Application Programs for
processing real time signals and Filter design.
4.
To study about the ADSP PROCESSORS architecture of ADSP-21XX, ADSP-210XX,

addressing modes, assembly language instructions, application programs and Filter design,
FFT calculation.
5.
To introduce the ADVANCED PROCESSORS like TMS320C54X, TMS320C6X and Motorola

DSP563XX
Outcomes
1.
Understand the fundamentals of programmable DSPs called multiplier, memory access,

VLIW architecture and on chip Peripherals.
2.
Implementation of the TMS320C5X PROCESSOR architecture, Addressing modes, language

instructions pipeline structure, operation, DSP starter kit and Application Programs for
processing real time signals.
3.
Implementation of the TMS320C3X PROCESSOR architecture, Data formats, Addressing

modes, Instruction sets, operation, DSP starter kit, Application Programs for processing real
time signals and Filter design.
4.
Understand the idea of ADSP PROCESSORS architecture of ADSP-21XX, ADSP-210XX,

addressing modes, assembly language instructions, application programs and Filter design,
FFT calculation.
5.
Introduction about the ADVANCED PROCESSORS like TMS320C54X, TMS320C6X and

Motorola DSP563XX
39
UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMABLE DSPs
Multiplier and Multiplier accumulator - Modified Bus Structures and Memory access in P-DSPs Multiple access memory - Multi-port memory - VLIW architecture- Pipelining - Special Addressing
modes in P-DSPs - On chip Peripherals.
UNIT II
TMS320C5X PROCESSOR
Architecture - Assembly language syntax - Addressing modes - Assembly language Instructions Pipeline structure, Operation - Block Diagram of DSP starter kit - Application Programs for processing
real time signals.
UNIT III TMS320C3X PROCESSOR
Architecture - Data formats - Addressing modes - Groups of addressing modes- Instruction sets Operation - Block Diagram of DSP starter kit - Application Programs for processing real time signals
- Generating and finding the sum of series, Convolution of two sequences, Filter design.
UNIT IV ADSP PROCESSORS
Architecture of ADSP-21XX and ADSP-210XX series of DSP processors- Addressing modes and
assembly language instructions - Application programs -Filter design, FFT calculation.
UNIT V
ADVANCED PROCESSORS
Architecture of TMS320C54X: Pipe line operation, Code Composer studio - Architecture of TMS320C6X
- Architecture of Motorola DSP563XX - Comparison of the features of DSP family processors.
L = 45, TOTAL=45
REFERENCES
1.
B.Venkataramani and M.Bhaskar, "Digital Signal Processors - Architecture, Programming

and Applications" - Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi, 2003.
2.
User guides Texas Instrumentation, Analog Devices, Motorola.
40
PCS703 WAVELETS AND MULTI-RESOLUTION PROCESSING

L T
3 0
Prerequisite
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
To enable the students to explore the fundamental mathematics behind the wavelets and Multiresolution processing.
Objectives
1.
Study the mathematical background for the Wavelet.
2.
Study the Multi-Resolution analysis and Filter banks.
3.
Study the continuous Wavelet transforms.
4.
Study the Discrete Wavelet Transforms
5.
Study the Applications of Wavelet transforms.
Outcomes
At the end of the course the students should be able to:
1.
Understand the orthogonality, ortho-normality and Fourier expansion.
2.
Understand the Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA), Wavelet basis for MRA and PRQMF filter
banks
3.
Understand the continuous function and wavelet functions (Daubechies - Coiflet, Mexican Hat, Sinc, Gaussian - Bi-Orthogonal)
4.
Understand the DWT concepts, Wavelet filters,and Z-domain.
5.
Understand the Image Compression techniques, Noise estimation, Edge detection and
finite element method using wavelets.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
Vector Spaces - properties - dot product - basis - dimension, orthogonality and orthonormality relationship between vectors and signals - Signal spaces - concept of Convergence - Hilbert spaces
for energy signals - Generalized Fourier Expansion.
UNIT II
MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS
Definition of Multi Resolution Analysis (MRA) - Haar basis - Construction of general orthonormal
MRA-Wavelet basis for MRA - Continuous time MRA interpretation for the DTWT - Discrete time
MRA- Basis functions for the DTWT - PRQMF filter banks.
UNIT III CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
Wavelet Transform - definition and properties - concept of scale and its relation with frequency -
41
Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) - Scaling function and wavelet functions (Daubechies - Coiflet,
Mexican - Hat, Sinc, Gaussian - Bi-Orthogonal) - Tiling of time -scale plane for CWT.
UNIT IV DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
Filter Bank and sub band coding principles - Wavelet Filters - Inverse DWT computation by Filter
banks -Basic Properties of Filter coefficients - Choice of wavelet function coefficients - Derivations of
Daubechies Wavelets -Mallat's algorithm for DWT - Multi-band Wavelet transforms. Lifting Scheme:
Wavelet Transform using Polyphase matrix Factorization - Geometrical foundations of lifting scheme
- Lifting scheme in Z -domain.
UNIT V
APPLICATIONS
Signal Compression - Image Compression techniques: EZW-SPHIT Coding - Image denoising

techniques: Noise estimation - Shrinkage rules -. Shrinkage Functions - Edge detection and object
Isolation, Image Fusion, and Object Detection - Curve and Surface Editing- Variational modeling and
finite element method using wavelets.
L = 45, TOTAL=45
REFERENCES
1.
Rao .R.M and A.S.Bopardikar, "Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to theory and Applications",
Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2000.
2.
K.P.Soman and K.I.Ramachandran," Insight into Wavelets - From Theory to practice", PrenticeHall, 2004.
3.
Strang G, Nguyen T, "Wavelets and Filter Banks," Wellesley Cambridge Press, 1996
4.
Vetterli M, Kovacevic J., "Wavelets and Sub-band Coding," Prentice Hall, 1995
5.
Mallat S., "Wavelet Signal Processing", Academic Press, 1996
42
PCS704 NETWORK ROUTING ALGORITHMS
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
To learn the various Network routing algorithms for High speed and Mobile networks.
Objectives
1.
study the circuit switching networks and its routing algorithms
2.
study the packet switching networks and its routing algorithms
3.
study the routing algorithms for High speed networks.
4.
study the routing algorithms for mobile radio networks.
5.
learn the communication strategies and routing algorithm for MANETs.
Outcomes
1.
Understand the circuit switching network and its routing algorithm,
2.
Understand the packet switching network and its routing algorithm,
3.
Understand the routing algorithm for high speed networks and ATM networks,
4.
Understand the architecture, mobility management and routing in mobile radio communication
networks,
5.
Understand the concept and different routing algorithms in Mobile Adhoc networks.
UNIT I
CIRCUIT SWITCHING NETWORKS
AT & T's Dynamic Routing Network, Routing in Telephone Network-Dynamic Non Hierarchical Routing
- Trunk Status Map Routing - Real Time Network Routing, Dynamic Alternative Routing - Distributed
Adaptive Dynamic Routing - Optimized Dynamic Routing.
UNIT II
PACKET SWITCHING NETWORKS
Distance vector Routing, Link State Routing, Inter domain Routing - Classless Interdomain routing
(CIDR), Interior Gateway routing protocols (IGRP) - Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest
Path First (OSPF), Exterior Gateway Routing Protocol (EGRP) - Border Gateway Protocol (BGP),
Apple Talk Routing and SNA Routing.
UNIT III HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
Routing in optical networks-The optical layer, Node Designs, Network design and operation, Optical
layer cost tradeoffs, Routing and wavelength assignment, Architectural variations, Routing in ATM
networks-ATM address structure, ATM Routing, PNNI protocol, PNNI signaling protocol, Routing in
the PLANET network and Deflection Routing.
43
UNIT IV MOBILE NETWORKS
Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communication networks-Mobile Network Architecture, Mobility

management in cellular systems, Connectionless Data service for cellular systems, Mobility and
Routing in Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network, Packet Radio Routing-DARPA packet radio
network, Routing algorithms for small, medium and large sized packet radio networks.
UNIT V
MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
Internet based mobile ad-hoc networking, communication strategies, routing algorithms -Table-driven
routing - Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Source initiated on-demand routingDynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad-hoc On- demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hierarchical based
routing- Cluster head Gateway Switch Routing (CGSR) and Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm
(TORA), Quality of Service.
L = 45, TOTAL= 45
REFERENCES
1.
M. Steen strub, "Routing in Communication networks", Prentice Hall International, NewYork,

1995.
2.
"Internetworking Technologies Handbook", Fourth Edition, Inc. Cisco Systems, ILSG Cisco
Systems, 2003.
3.
William Stallings, "ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM", PHI, New Delhi,
2004.
4.
Behrouz A Forouzan, "Data Communications and Networking (3/e), TMH, 2004
5.
William Stallings, "High Speed Networks TCP/IP and ATM Design Principles", Prentice Hall
International, New York, 1998.
6.
Mohammad Ilyas, "The Handbook of Ad hoc Wireless Networks" CRC Press, 2002.
7.
Vijay K.Garg, "Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G", Pearson Education, New Delhi, India,
2003.
8.
Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.Sivarajan, "Optical Networks", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
1998.
9.
Sumit Kasera and Pankaj Sethi, "ATM Networks", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
limited, New Delhi, 2001.
10.
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special issue on Wireless Ad-hoc

Networks, Vol. 17, No.8, 1999
11.
Scott. M. Corson, Joseph P. Macker, Gregory H. Cirincione, IEEE Internet Computing Vol.3,
No. 4, 1999.
12.
Alder M.Scheideler.Ch. Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures,

ACM, NewYork 1998.
44
PCS705 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Fundamentals of Satellite communication and coordinate systems.
Goal
The goal of the programme is to study the History of GPS and its various segments, study the coordinate system for the GPS systems, to know the navigational aids and signal processing for GPS
systems, the propagation media for the GPS, and to learn the Inter disciplinary applications for GPS
Objectives
1.
Understand the evolution GPS systems and its operation methodology.
2.
Develop an in-depth knowledge on various GPS coordinate systems, Keplerian elements

and different GPS time systems.
3.
Study the various coding techniques used in GPS, data formats and signal processing
techniques.
4.
Study the propagation effects of GPS signals and related problems in signal propagation.
5.
Understand the interdisciplinary applications of GPS atmosphere and climate research using
GPS
Outcomes
1.
Have a good knowledge on the history of GPS and its various techniques.
2.
Understand the terrestrial and celestial coordinate systems and GPS precision time systems.
3.
Understand GPS coding and signal processing techniques.
4.
Understand various propagation impairments of GPS signals over various layers of atmosphere.
5.
Develop knowledge on the applications and importance of GPS on various fields.
UNIT I
History of GPS - BC-4 System - HIRAN - NNSS - NAVSTAR GLONASS and GNSS Systems- GPS
Constellation - Space Segment - Control Segment - User Segment - Single and DualFrequency Point - Relative - Differential GPS - Static and Kinematic Positioning - 2D and 3D- reporting Anti
Spoofing (AS); Selective Availability (SA) - DOP Factors.
UNIT II
Coordinate Systems - Geo Centric Coordinate System - Conventional Terrestrial Reference System
(CTRS) - Orbit Description - Keplerian Orbit - Kepler Elements - Satellite Visibility - Topocentric
Motion - Disturbed Satellite Motion - Perturbed Motion - Disturbing Accelerations - Perturbed OrbitTime Systems - Astronomical Time System - Atomic Time - GPS Time - Need for Coordination- Link
to Earth Rotation - Time and Earth Motion Services.
45
UNIT III
C/A code; P-code; Y-code; L1, L2 Carrier frequencies - CodePseudoRanges - Carries

Phases - PseudoRanges - Satellite Signal Signature - Navigation Messages and Formats -Undifferenced
and Differenced Range Models - DeltaRanges - Signal Processing and ProcessingTechniques Tracking Networks - Ephemerides - Data Combination: Narrow Lane; Wide Lane- OTF Ambiguity.
UNIT IV
Propagation Media - Multipath - Antenna Phase Centre - Atmosphere in brief - Elements ofWave
Propagation - Ionospheric Effects on GPS Observations - Code Delay - Phase Advances- Integer
Bias - Clock Error - Cycle Slip - Noise-Bias - Blunders - Tropospheric Effects on GPSOberservables
- Multipath Effect - Antenna Phase Centre Problems and Correction.
UNIT V
Inter Disciplinary Applications - Crystal Dynamics - Gravity Field Mapping - Atmospheric Occulation
- Surveying - Geophysics - Air borne GPS - Ground Transportation - Space borneGPS - Metrological
and Climate Research using GPS.
L = 45, TOTAL= 45
REFERENCES:
1.
A.Leick, "GPS Satellites Surveying", 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1995
2.
B.Parkinson, J.Spilker, Jr.(Eds), "GPS: Theory and Applications", Vol.I & Vol.II, AIAA,
370L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC20024, 1996
3.
A.Kleusberg and P.Teunisen(Eds), "GPS for Geodesy", Springer-Verlag, Berlin,1996
4.
L.Adams, "The GPS - A Shared National Asset", Chair, NationalAcademy Press,

Washington,DC, 1995
Websites:
1.
http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov
46
PCS706 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Prerequisite Nil
Goal
To introduce the students to various image processing techniques.
Objectives
1.
Study the image fundamentals
2.
Study the mathematical transforms necessary for image processing
3.
Study the image enhancement techniques and image restoration procedures
4.
Study the image segmentation and recognition techniques
5.
Study the various image compression methods
Outcome
1.
Understand the image fundamentals
2.
Understand the two dimensional image transforms
3.
Understand how to improve the image quality by using enhancement techniques and Restore
the image by the use of various filtering techniques
4.
Understand the various segmentation methods and recognition techniques
5.
Understand the various image compression techniques
Outcome
1.
Understand the image fundamentals,
2.
Understand the two dimensional image transforms,
3.
Understand how to improve the image quality by using enhancement techniques and Restore
the image by the use of various filtering techniques,
4.
Understand the various segmentation methods and recognition techniques,
5.
Understand the various image compression techniques.
UNIT I
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS
Elements of digital image processing systems, Elements of visual perception, psycho visual model,
brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image fundamentals -RGB,HIS models,
Image sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries.
47
UNIT II
IMAGE TRANSFORMS
1D DFT, 2D transforms - DFT, DCT, Discrete Sine, Walsh, Hadamard, Slant, Haar, KLT, SVD, Wavelet
Transform.
UNIT III IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND RESTORATION
Histogram modification and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging, Directional
Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contraharmonic and Yp mean filters,
Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement. Image Restoration - degradation model,
Unconstrained and Constrained restoration, Inverse filtering - removal of blur caused by uniform linear
motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations - spatial transformations, Gray-Level interpolation.
UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND RECOGNITION
Edge detection. Image segmentation by region growing, region splitting and merging, edge linking..
Image Recognition - Patterns and pattern classes, Matching by minimum distance classifier, Matching
by correlation, Back Propagation Neural Network, Neural Network applications in Image Processing.
UNIT V
IMAGE COMPRESSION
Need for data compression, Huffman - Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, Vector
Quantization, Block Truncation Coding. Transform Coding - DCT and Wavelet - JPEG - MPEG.
Standards, Concepts of Context based Compression.
L = 45, TOTAL= 45
TEXT BOOKS
1.
Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, 'Digital Image Processing', Pearson Education, Inc.,
Second Edition, 2007.
2.
Anil K. Jain, 'Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing', Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
REFERENCES:
1.
David Salomon : Data Compression - The Complete Reference, Springer Verlag New York
Inc., 2nd Edition, 2001
2.
Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods, Steven Eddins, ' Digital Image Processing using
MATLAB', Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3.
William K.Pratt, ' Digital Image Processing', John Wiley, NewYork, 2002.
4.
Milman Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Roger Boyle, 'Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine
Vision', Brooks/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, II ed., 1999.
5.
Sid Ahmed, M.A., 'Image Processing Theory, Algorithms and Architectures', McGrawHill,
1995.
48
PCS707 ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Prerequisite
Basic Microprocessor and Microcontroller
Goal
To provide an insight into advanced microprocessors and microcontrollers.
Objectives
(i)
Know the basic of microprocessor architecture
(ii)
Know the basic of CISC architecture
(iii)
Know the basic of ARM architecture
(iv)
Know the basic of MC68HC11 architecture
(v)
Know the basic of PIC architecture
Outcomes
At the end of the course the students should be able to
(i)
Understand the architecture, instruction set, various peripherals of 8086
(ii)
Understand the architecture, instruction set, various peripherals of PENTIUM
(iii)
Understand the architecture, instruction set, various peripherals of ARM
(iv)
Understand the architecture, instruction set, various peripherals of MC68HC11
(v)
Understand the architecture, instruction set, various peripherals of PIC
UNIT I MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Instruction set - Data formats - Instruction formats - Addressing modes - Memory hierarchy - register
file - Cache - Virtual memory and paging - Segmentation - Pipelining - The instruction pipeline pipeline hazards - Instruction level parallelism - reduced instruction set - Computer principles - RISC
versus CISC - RISC properties - RISC evaluation - On-chip register files versus cache evaluation.
UNIT II
HIGH PERFORMANCE CISC ARCHITECTURE - PENTIUM
The software model - functional description - CPU pin descriptions - RISC concepts - bus operations
- Super scalar architecture - pipe lining - Branch prediction - The instruction and caches - Floating
point unit -protected mode operation - Segmentation - paging - Protection - multitasking - Exception
and interrupts - Input /Output - Virtual 8086 model - Interrupt processing -Instruction types - Addressing
modes - Processor flags - Instruction set -programming the Pentium processor.
UNIT III HIGH PERFORMANCE RISC ARCHITECTURE: ARM
The ARM architecture - ARM assembly language program - ARM organization and implementation The ARM instruction set - The thumb instruction set - ARM CPU cores.
49
UNIT IV MOTOROLA 68HC11 MICROCONTROLLERS
Instructions and addressing modes - operating modes - Hardware reset - Interrupt system - Parallel
I/O ports - Flags - Real time clock - Programmable timer - pulse accumulator - serial communication
interface - A/D converter - hardware expansion - Assembly language Programming
UNIT V PIC MICRO CONTROLLER
CPU architecture - Instruction set - Interrupts - Timers - I/O port expansion -I2C bus for peripheral
chip access - A/D converter - UART
L=45, Total = 45
REFERENCES:
1.
Daniel Tabak , '' Advanced Microprocessors" McGraw Hill.Inc., 1995
2.
James L. Antonakos, "The Pentium Microprocessor '' Pearson Education, 1997.
3.
Steve Furber, '' ARM System -On -Chip architecture "Addison Wesley, 2000.
4.
Gene .H.Miller." Micro Computer Engineering," Pearson Education, 2003.
5.
John .B.Peatman, "Design with PIC Microcontroller, Prentice hall, 1997.
6.
James L.Antonakos," An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors '' Pearson

Education 1999.
7.
Barry.B.Breg," The Intel Microprocessors Architecture , Programming and
8.
Interfacing ", PHI, 2002.
9.
Valvano "Embedded Microcomputer Systems" Thomson Asia PVT LTD first reprints 2001.
PCE704 INTERNETWORKING MULTIMEDIA
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
To learn the Internetworking techniques and standards for the Multimedia communication across the
networks
Objectives
(1)
Study the concepts of Multimedia Networking
(2)
Study the concepts of Broadband Network Technology
(3)
Study the concepts of Reliable Transport Protocol And Applications
(4)
Study the concepts of Multimedia Communication Standards.
(5)
Study the concepts of Multimedia Communication Across Networks

50
Outcomes
(1)
Understand the concepts of Basic Multimedia Networking and various Compression

Techniques.
(2)
Understand the Broadband services, Storage and media services
(3)
Understand the Reliability of transport protocols and its applications.
(4)
Understand the various standards like MPEG 7, MPEG 21, H322
(5)
Know the various communications across the Networks
UNIT I
MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING
Digital sound, video and graphics, basic multimedia networking, multimedia characteristics, evolution
of Internet services model, network requirements for audio/ video transform, multimedia coding and
compression for text, image, audio and video.
UNIT II
BROADBAND NETWORK TECHNOLOGY
Broadband services, ATM and IP, IPV6, High speed switching, resource reservation, Buffer management,
traffic shaping, caching, scheduling and policing, throughput, delay and jitter performance - Storage
and media services, voice and video over IP, MPEG-2 over ATM/IP, indexing synchronization of requests,
recording and remote control.
UNIT III RELIABLE TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND APPLICATIONS
Multicast over shared media network, multicast routing and addressing, scaling multicast and NBMA
networks, Reliable transport protocols, TCP adaptation algorithm, RTP, RTCP - MIME, Peerto- Peer
computing, shared application, video conferencing, centralized and distributed conference control,
distributed virtual reality, light weight session philosophy.
UNIT IV MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
Objective of MPEG- 7 standard, Functionalities and systems of MPEG-7, MPEG-21 Multimedia

Framework Architecture - Content representation, Content Management and usage, Intellectual
property management, Audio visual system- H322: Guaranteed QOS LAN systems; MPEG_4 video
Transport across internet.
UNIT V
MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION ACROSS NETWORKS
Packet Audio/video in the network environment, video transport across Generic networks- Layered
video coding, error Resilient video coding techniques, Scalable Rate control, Streaming video across
Internet, Multimedia transport across ATM networks and IP network, Multimedia across wireless
networks.
L = 45, TOTAL= 45
TEXT BOOKS
1.
Jon Crowcroft, Mark Handley, Ian Wakeman, Internetworking Multimedia, Harcourt Asia Pvt.
Ltd. Singapore, 1998.
51
2.
B.O. Szuprowicz, Multimedia Networking, McGraw Hill, Newyork. 1995
3.
Tay Vaughan, Multimedia - Making it to work, 4ed, Tata McGraw Hill , NewDelhi, 2000.
4.
K.R.Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic and Dragorad A. Milovanovic, Multimedia Communication systems,

PHI , 2003
PCS708 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Prerequisite
Nil
Goal
To study source of EMI, standards, testing equipments and compatibility measures for equipments
and PCBs.
Objectives
(i)
understand the Electromagnetic interference concepts and its environment
(ii)
understand the different kinds of EMI coupling.
(iii)
know the EMI/EMC standards and to know the various measurement arrangements and
methods.
(iv)
know different types EMI control techniques .
(v)
understand the Electro Magnetic Compatibility design for PCB's
Outcomes
After completion of the course, the students are expected to:
(i)
Gain sound knowledge about EMI concepts and its environment .
(ii)
have knowledge in different kinds of EMI Coupling
(iii)
gain sound knowledge in EMI/EMC standards , various measurement arrangements and

techniques
(iv)
have knowledge in EMI controlling techniques.
(v)
Learn the concepts of EMC and to design PCB's with the inherent EMC.
UNIT I
EMI ENVIRONMENT
EMI/EMC concepts and definitions, Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI, Transient EMI,
Time domain Vs Frequency domain EMI, Units of measurement parameters, Emission and immunity
concepts, ESD.
UNIT II
EMI COUPLING PRINCIPLE
Conducted, Radiated and Transient Coupling, Common Impedance Ground Coupling, Radiated
52
Common Mode and Ground Loop Coupling, Radiated Differential Mode Coupling, Near Field Cable to
Cable Coupling, Power Mains and Power Supply coupling.
UNIT III EMI/EMC STANDARDS AND MEASUREMENTS
Civilian standards - FCC,CISPR,IEC,EN,Military standards - MIL STD 461D/462, EMI Test Instruments/
Systems, EMI Shielded Chamber, Open Area Test Site, TEM Cell, Sensors/Injectors/Couplers, Test
beds for ESD and EFT, Military Test Method and Procedures (462).
UNIT IV EMI CONTROL TECHNIQUES
Shielding, Filtering, Grounding, Bonding, Isolation Transformer, Transient Suppressors, Cable Routing,
Signal Control, Component Selection and Mounting.
UNIT V EMC DESIGN OF PCBs
PCB Traces Cross Talk, Impedance Control, Power Distribution Decoupling, Zoning, Motherboard
Designs and Propagation Delay Performance Models.
L=45 , TOTAL =45
REFERENCES:
1.
Henry W.Ott, "Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems", John Wiley and Sons,
NewYork. 1988.
2.
C.R.Paul, "Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility" , John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1992
3.
V.P.Kodali, "Engineering EMC Principles, Measurements and Technologies", IEEE Press,

1996.
4.
Bernhard Keiser, "Principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility", Artech house, 3rd Ed, 1986.
PCS709 COMMUNICATION NETWORK SECURITY
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
To introduce the student about the various techniques and standards for communication network
security and also introduce the system security for the Intruders; expose students to current thinking
on network security from the viewpoint of end users.
Objectives
1.
Study the need for information and network security and know symmetric cryptography.
2.
Understand in depth the advanced and emerging communication technologies and techniques
of symmetric cryptography.
3.
Study the concept of public key cryptography, principles, and key management and distribution
and authentication protocols.
53
4.
Explain security issues in electronic mail security, IP security, Web security.
5.
Discuss ways to prevent and detect network attacks.
Outcomes
1.
Describe concepts of information security, including security models, various security

mechanisms and methods of symmetric cryptography.
2.
Apply advanced symmetric cryptographic techniques and security protocols in communication

networks.
3.
Apply RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and DSA algorithms for cryptography applications; state the
requirements and mechanisms for identification and authentication; explain and identify typical
security pitfalls in authentication protocols; explain the need for key distribution and its
methods.
4.
Outline the protocols for IP Security and the two modes for both protocols. Use combinations
of IP security protocols to achieve a given security goal (e.g., source authentication, content
authentication, traffic confidentiality, etc.); Explain SSL/TLS protocols.
5.
State program security issues, including virus, worm, and logical bombs, basic concepts
and general techniques in security auditing and intrusion detection.
UNIT I
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) - I
Introduction - Services, Mechanisms and Attacks, OSI security Architecture, Model for network
Security; Classical Encryption Techniques- Symmetric Cipher Model, Substitution Techniques,
Transposition Techniques, Rotor Machines, Stegnography; Block Ciphers and Data Encryption
Standard- Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption Standard, Strength of DES,
Differential and Linear Crypt Analysis, Block Cipher Design Principles, Block Cipher Modes of
Operation.
UNIT II
SYMMETRIC CIPHERS (Techniques and Standards) - II
Advanced Encryption Standard - Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary Symmetric
Ciphers - Triple DES, Blowfish, RC5, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric Block Ciphers, RC4
Stream Cipher; Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption- Placement of Encryption Function, Traffic
Confidentiality, Key Distribution and Random Number Generation.
UNIT III PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS
Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA Algorithm; Key
Management and other public key cryptosystems- Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange,
Elliptic Curve arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography; Message Authentication and Hash FunctionsAuthentication Requirements, Authentication Functions, Message Authentication Codes, Hash
Functions- Simple hash functions - Security of Hash functions and MACs; Hash Algorithms- MD5
Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm, HMAC; Digital Signatures and Authentication
Protocols - Authentication Protocols & Digital Signature Standards.
54
UNIT IV NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE
Authentication Applications- Kerberos - version4, X.509 Authentication Service; Electronic Mail SecurityPretty Good Privacy - operational description - Cryptographic keys and key rings - S/MIME; IP
Security- IP Security Overview, IP Security Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security
Payload; Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer
Security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
UNIT V
SYSTEM SECURITY
Intruders- Intruder Detection - Audit records - Statistical Anomaly detection - Rule based intrusion
detection - Honeypots; Password Management - password protection - selection strategies; Malicious
Software- Virus and Related Threats, Virus Counter Measures; Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles,
Trusted Systems - Torjan horse defense.
L = 45 ,TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
William Stallings, "Cryptography and Network Security", 3ed. Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi , 2004
2.
William Stallings, "Network Security Essentials", 2 ed. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi,
2004.
PCS710 HIGH SPEED SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Prerequisite
Goal
To learn the Various High speed networks and its switching architecture for the communication
networks
Objectives
1.
Understand ATM and ISDN
2.
Understand Switching Techniques and Virtual LANS
3.
Understand ATM Switching Architecture,
4.
Understand Queues in ATM Switches
5.
Understand IP Switching
Outcomes
1.
Know the basics of ATM and ISDN

55
2.
Know the effects of Switching Techniques
3.
Know the techniques involved in ATM Architecture
4.
Know Integrated and differentiated services and the queuing disciplines.
5.
Know the different levels of Switching Techniques
UNIT I
HIGH SPEED NETWORK
Introduction- LAN, WAN, Network evolution through ISDN to B-ISDN, Transfer mode and control of BISDN, SDH multiplexing structure, ATM standard, ATM adaptation layers.
UNIT II
LAN SWITCHING TECHNOLOGY
Switching Concepts, switch forwarding techniques, switch path control, LAN Switching, cut through
forwarding, store and forward, virtual LANs.
UNIT III ATM SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE
Switch model, Blocking networks - basic - and- enhanced banyan networks, sorting networks merge sorting, re-arrangable networks - full and partial connection networks, non blocking networks
- Recursive network construction, comparison of non-blocking network, Switching with deflection
routing - shuffle switch, tandem banyan.
UNIT IV QUEUES IN ATM SWITCHES
Internal Queueing -Input, output and shared queueing, multiple queueing networks - combined Input,
output and shared queueing - performance analysis of Queued switches.
UNIT V
IP SWITCHING
Addressing model, IP Switching types - flow driven and topology driven solutions, IP Over ATM
address and next hop resolution, multicasting, Ipv6 over ATM.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
Achille Pattavina, Swtching Theory: Architectures and performance in Broadband ATM networks
"John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York. 1998
2.
Christopher Y Metz, Switching protocols & Architectures, McGraw - Hill Professional

Publishing, NewYork.1998.
3.
Rainer Handel, Manfred N Huber, Stefan Schroder, ATM Networks - Concepts Protocols,
Applications III Edition, Addison Wesley, New York. 1999.
4.
John A.Chiong: Internetworking ATM for the internet and enterprise networks. McGraw Hill,
New York, 1998.
56
PSE713 ADHOC NETWORKS
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
To introduce the student to recent advancement in the architecture for the communication networks
Objectives
The students should be able to :
1.
Understand the concepts of adhoc wireless networks.
2.
Understand the concepts of link state routing.
3.
Study the concepts of TCP protocols.
4.
Study the concepts multicasting in wired networks.
5.
Understand the concepts of multi hop adhoc networks.
Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to
1.
Know the basics of adhoc wireless networks.
2.
Know the concepts of link state routing.
3.
Know the concepts TCP protocols.
4.
Know the concepts multicasting in wired networks.
5.
Know the concepts multi hop adhoc networks.
UNIT I
ADHOC WIRELESS NETWORKS
Introduction -Heterogeneity in mobile devices wireless sensor networks-traffic profiles-types of Adhoc

mobile communications-types of mobile host movements-challenges facing Adhoc mobile networksSynchronous MAC protocols- Asynchronous MAC protocols-problems in Adhoc channel access.
UNIT II
LINK STATE ROUTING
Motivation- Ad Hoc Wireless Networks-Power Issues- Smart Batteries and Battery CharacteristicsEffects of Beaconing on Battery Life- Associativity based Routing- ABR protocol Description-ABR
route discovery phase-ABR route deletion phase-Updating routes in wireless networks.
UNIT III COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE OF ADHOC NETWORKS
Performance parameters of interest-route discovery time-end to end delay performance-communication

throughput performance-packet loss performance-route reconfiguration repair time-TCP Reno-TCP
Tahoe-TCP Vegas-TCP SACK-Problems facing TCP in wireless last hop Problems facing TCP in
Wireless Ad Hoc.
57
UNIT IV MULTICASTING IN ADHOC WIRELESS NETWORKS
Multicasting in wired networks-DVMRP-Multicast mesh-CAMP-Group Based-ODMRP-location basedLBMABAM-Comparisons of multicast routing protocols.

UNIT V MOBILE MULTI HOP AD HOC NETWORKS
Real world evaluation of mobile Adhoc networksMobile MAN design- integration and experimentation
of mobile multi hop ad hoc networks.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45
REFERENCES:
1.
Charles .E. Perkins, "AdHoc Networking",Pearson Education,2008.
2.
C.K.Toh, "Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks-Protocols and Systems", Pearson Edu., 2007.
3.
Marco Conti,, Jon Crowcroft, Andrea Passarella,"Multihop AdHoc Networks from Theory to
Reality" ,Nova Science Publishers,Inc,NewYork,2007.
4.
Siva Ram Murthy. C and Manoj. B.S, "AdHoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and protocols",
Prentice Hall PTR, 2004.
PCS711 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Nil
Goal
Introduce the Students to recent advancement in the sensor networks and its architectural Protocol
design
Objectives
1.
Describe the current technology trends and unique issues for the implementation in sensor
networks,
2.
Learn Physical layer concept and MAC layer Protocol design, Transport, Network and Data
Link Layer issues and its function,
3.
Understand design issues in the topology formation and Routing Technique of sensor networks,
4.
Learn Network Management requirements and design issues.
5.
Understand the various tools and programming challenges for simulating a environment for
sensor systems using Motes.
Outcomes
1.
Know the characteristics and challenges in the sensor networks,

58
2.
Discuss the challenges in designing MAC, Transport, Network and Data link Protocols for
wireless sensor networks,
3.
Know how the sensor networks is self configured and the formation of topology and routing
the packets.
4.
Understand various network managements models and thesis performance.
5.
Program and communicate with embedded operating system such as TinyOS, a prominent
application development environment for sensor systems using Motes.
UNIT I
OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Introduction , Basic Overview of the Technology ,Basic Wireless Sensor Technology, Single node
architecture: hardware and software components of a sensor node, Energy consumption, Sensor
network Scenarios, optimization goals and figure of merit, Design Principles, WSN operating
Environment , Wireless Transmission Technology and Systems, Applications,
UNIT II
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
Medium Access Control Protocols for WSN,Sensor-MAC Case Study,IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANS,
Time synchronization protocols-Transport Layer protocol-Network layer protocol-Data link ProtocolWSN Design Issues.
UNIT III
ROUTING TECHNIQUES
Routing Protocols, Data Dissemination and Gathering, Routing Challenges and Design Issues, Routing
Strategies, Data-Centric Routing, Data aggregation, Hierarchical networks by Clustering.
UNIT IV
NETWORK MANAGEMENT FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Network Management Requirements, Design Issues, Network Management Models, Performance

and Traffic Management, WSN design issues, Performance Modeling of WSNs, Case Study.
UNIT V
SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS & TOOLS
Sensors and actuators, Some Examples of Sensor Node, Sensor node hardware, programming
challenges, node level software platforms (Tiny OS, nes C) node level simulators, (ns2 and TOSSIM)
programming beyond individual nodes Security - Privacy issues - Attacks and counter measures.
L= 45, TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOK:
1.
Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati Wireless Sensor Networks. Technology, Protocols,
and Applications Wiley Student Edition, Wiley India.
REFERENCES:
1.
Holger Karl, Andreas Willig, "Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks",
John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
2.
Mohammad Ilyas and Imad Mahgoub, "Handbook of Sensor Networks: Compact Wireless
and Wired Sensing Systems" CRC Press 2009.
59
3.
Raghavendra.C.S, Krishna M. Sivalingam, Taieb F. Znati, "Wireless Sensor Networks", 2nd

edition, Springer, 2004
4.
Feng Zhaoand, Leonidas J Guibas, "Wireless Sensor Networks" Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
and imprint of Elsevier, 2004
PCS712 RF SYSTEM DESIGN
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Microwave Engineering and Circuit theory
Goal
The programme aimed to enable the students to learn the fundamentals of RF design and its parameters,
to study the RF filter design and implementations and to analyze and design active RF components
Objectives
1.
Learn the basics of RF systems and RF circuit design fundamentals.
2.
Develop an in-depth knowledge on various RF filter design techniques.
3.
Study design considerations of RF matching networks.
4.
Understand the RF Amplifier design issues.
5.
Study various RF oscillators, mixers and their applications in detail.
Outcomes
1.
Know the various RF design issues, RF circuit problem solving using S-matrices.
2.
Design RF filters of different types and requirements.
3.
Design RF matching networks, and solve related problems.
4.
Learn techniques for RF amplifier design for various applications.
5.
Solve problems of RF oscillator design and RF mixers.
UNIT I
RF ISSUES
Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behavior of passive components, Chip

components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering Parameters, Smith Chart and applications
UNIT II
RF FILTER DESIGN
Overview - Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations, Filter implementations,
Coupled filter.
UNIT III ACTIVE RF COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS
RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors; Matching and Biasing Networks M.Tech. Communication Systems
60
Impedance matching using discrete components, Microstripline matching networks, Amplifier classes
of operation and biasing networks.
UNIT IV RF AMPLIFIER DESIGNS
Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant gain circles, Constant
VSWR circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband - high power and multistage amplifiers.
UNIT V
OSCILLATORS, MIXERS & APPLICATIONS
Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic characteristics of Mixers;
Phase Locked Loops; RF directional couplers and hybrid couplers, Detector and demodulator circuits.
L = 45, TOTAL=45
TEXT BOOKS:
1.
Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design - Theory and Applications, Pearson
Education Asia, First Edition, 2001.
2.
Devendra K Misra, Radio Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits- Analysis and
Design, John Wiley & Sons USA, Second edition, 2004
3.
R.E.Collin, "Foundations for Microwave Engineering", McGraw-Hill, 1992.
4.
David M Pozar, Microwave Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, third edition, 2005
REFERENCES:
1.
Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education

Asia, Second Edition, 2002.
2.
Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. New Kirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons
USA 2000.
PCE203 SOFT COMPUTING
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Goal
To provide basic information about soft computing and its application.
Objectives
The students should able to learn
1.
The concepts of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic and heuristics based on human experience.
2.
Neural network techniques.
3.
The mathematical background for carrying out optimization associated with neural network
learning.
4.
Genetic algorithms and random search procedures.
5.
Methodologies to illustrate the intelligent behavior of programs based on soft computing

61
Outcomes
The student should be able to
1.
Understand and apply concepts of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic and heuristics based systems.
2.
Derive appropriate rules for inference systems.
3.
Understand the mathematical background to optimize neural network learning.
4.
Understand genetic algorithms and random search procedures useful to seek global optimum
in self-learning.
5.
develop case studies to illustrate the intelligent behavior of programs based on soft computing.
UNIT I
FUZZY SET THEORY
Introduction to Neuro - Fuzzy and Soft Computing - Fuzzy Sets - Basic Definition and Terminology Set-theoretic Operations - Member Function Formulation and arameterization - Fuzzy Rules and
Fuzzy Reasoning - Extension Principle and Fuzzy Relations - Fuzzy If-Then Rules - Fuzzy Reasoning
- Fuzzy Inference Systems - Mamdani Fuzzy Models - Sugeno Fuzzy Models - Tsukamoto Fuzzy
Models - Input Space Partitioning and Fuzzy Modeling.
UNIT II
OPTIMIZATION
Derivative-based Optimization - Descent Methods - The Method of Steepest Descent - Classical

Newton's Method - Step Size Determination - Derivative-free Optimization - Genetic Algorithms Simulated Annealing - Random Search - Downhill Simplex Search- Particle Swarm Techniques - Ant
Colony Optimization.
UNIT III NEURAL NETWORKS
Supervised Learning Neural Networks - Perceptrons - Adaline - Backpropagation Mutilayer Perceptrons

- Radial Basis Function Networks - Unsupervised Learning Neural Networks - Competitive Learning
Networks - Kohonen Self-Organizing Networks - Learning Vector Quantization - Hebbian Learning.
UNIT IV NEURO FUZZY MODELING
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems - Architecture - Hybrid Learning Algorithm - Learning Methods
that Cross-fertilize ANFIS and RBFN - Coactive Neuro Fuzzy Modeling - Framework Neuron Functions
for Adaptive Networks - Neuro Fuzzy Spectrum.
UNIT V
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGECE
Printed Character Recognition - Inverse Kinematics Problems - Automobile Fuel Efficiency Prediction
- Soft Computing for Color Recipe Prediction.
TOTAL: 45
REFERENCES:
1.
J.S.R.Jang, C.T.Sun and E.Mizutani, "Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing", Pearson Education
2004.
2.
Timothy J.Ross, "Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications", McGraw-Hill, 1997.

62
3.
Davis E.Goldberg, "Genetic Algorithms: Search, Optimization and Machine Learning", Addison
Wesley, N.Y., 1989.
4.
S. Rajasekaran and G.A.V.Pai, "Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms",
PHI, 2003.
5.
R.Eberhart, P.Simpson and R.Dobbins, "Computational Intelligence - PC Tools", AP

Professional, Boston, 1996.
PCS713 ERROR CONTROL CODING
Prerequisite
L
3
T
0
P C
0 3
Fundamentals of vector algebra and coding techniques.
Goal
The goal of the programme is to study the cyclic redundancy codes in detail, and to get a clear
concept of different error correcting codes and convolutional codes.
Objectives
1.
Understand the vector algebra in detail.
2.
Study various properties of BCH codes and its techniques in detail.
3.
Understand error correcting codes, both burst and random errors.
4.
Understand convolutional codes, its importance, design and decoding.
5.
Study turbo codes and space-time coding techniques.
Outcomes
1.
Solve problems in vector algebra which will help them in error control coding design.
2.
Design BCH codes, decoding of BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes etc.
3.
Develop error correcting codes, and its decoding for both burst and random errors.
4.
Learn Viterbi algorithm, convolutional codes, and its decoding algorithms.
5.
Solve problems related to turbo codes and decoding of turbo codes. Learn space-time codes.
UNIT I
VECTOR ALGEBRA
Basics of Vector Algebra - Galois Field arithmetic in detail

UNIT II
BCH CODES
BCH codes, Decoding of BCH codes, implementation of Galois field arithmetic, Implementation of
error correction, Non-binary BCH and Read Solomon codes, Weight distribution and error detection
of binary BCH codes.
63
UNIT III ERROR CORRECTING CODES
Burst error correcting coders, decoding of single burst error correcting cyclic codes, interleaved
codes, phased burst correcting codes, Burst and random error correcting codes.
UNIT IV CONVOLUTIONAL CODES
Convolutional codes, Maximum likelihood decoding of convolutional codes, sequential decoding of

convolutional codes - stack and fano algorithm, Application of Viterbi decoding, Sequential decoding,
majority logic decoding, Burst error correction and convolutional codes in ARQ systems.
UNIT V
TURBO CODES
Turbo codes - Coding - Performance - BCJR algorithm - Low density parity check codes - Space time
codes.
L = 45, TOTAL = 45
TEXT BOOKS
1.
Shu Lin & D.J. Costello - "Error Control Coding", PHI, 1983.
2.
Shu Lin - "Application of error control", 1974.
REFERENCE:
1.
Simon Haykin, "Digital communication", John Wiley and Sons, 1988.
64

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(Estd.

u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956)

Padur, Kancheepuram District - 603 103.

Vision, Mission and Objectives

The Vision of the Institute is "To make

Further, the institute always strives

To train our students with the latest and

To develop the students with a global

To mould our students as citizens with

To promote research in the field of

Our aims and objectives are focused

Providing world class education in

M.Tech. Communication Systems

Keeping pace with the ever changing

To inculcate a flair for research,

The admission policy and procedure

The selected candidates will be

Candidates for admission to the first

In all matters relating to admission to

Structure of the programme

The programme of instruction will have

Core courses of Engineering /

Elective courses for specialization in

The minimum durations of the

M.B.A. (Full - Time)

M.B.A. (Part - Time)

One credit for each laboratory practical

One credit for 4 weeks of industrial

One credit for 2 hours of project per

For the award of degree, a student has

M.B.A. (Full time / Part time)

M.C.A (Full time / Part time)

The medium of instruction, examination

To help the students in planning their

A Class Committee consisting of the

A Chairman, who is not teaching the

Every (M.TECH / M.B.A. / M.C.A.)

Each course is normally assigned

All subject teachers of the class.

Two students nominated by the

GPA is the ratio of the sum of the

The Class Committee will meet as often

Addressing problems experienced by

GPA & CGPA

CGPA will be calculated in a similar

Analyzing the performance of the

During the meetings, the student

For the students with letter grade I in

Raw marks will be moderated by a

Registration and Enrollment

Except for the first semester,

A student will be eligible for enrollment

A grading system as below will be

Letter Grade Grade points

M.Tech. Communication Systems

debarred from enrollment by a

Students are required to submit

(i) A Full time student shall not register