Writing and Assessing

Course-Level
Student Learning Outcomes

Office of Planning and Assessment

Texas Tech University

(806) 742-1505
www.depts.ttu.edu/opa
 WRITING AND ASSESSING
COURSE-LEVEL EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Although the term Expected Learning Outcome may be new, the process of
identifying the key concepts or skills that students are expected to learn during
specific courses is not. Many people are more familiar with the terms course
objective or course competency. Expected learning outcomes are really very
similar to both of these concepts, so if you already have course objectives or
competencies, you are close to having expected leaning outcomes for your class.
This handbook will provide information on exactly what expected learning outcomes
are and what methods can be used to assess them.

This handbook is designed to assist faculty with the process of developing expected
learning outcomes and methods for assessing those outcomes in their courses. This
handbook begins by providing basic information related to (1) course purpose; (2)
expected learning outcomes; (3) methods for assessing expected learning outcomes;
(4) criteria for grade determination; and (5) a course outline. The second section of
the handbook provides a work area to aid in the development of these elements.

Expected Learning Outcomes for this handbook:

After reading and completing this handbook, individuals will be able to:

Prepare a description of the course as well as a written statement

regarding the courses purpose;

Construct/develop expected learning outcomes for the course;

Create an assessment plan that outlines the specific methods that will be
used to assess the expected student learning outcomes for a course;

Describe how grades will be determined in a process that is separate and

distinct from assessing the expected learning outcomes;

Identify the common components of a course outline; and

Revise their course syllabi to incorporate a course purpose, expected

learning outcomes, methods to assess those outcomes, the criteria for
grade determination, and a course outline.

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 OUTCOMES AND ASSESSMENT TERMINOLOGY
This publication uses some terminology related to expected learning outcomes and
assessment. A brief glossary of terms has been provided below for reference purposes.

Assessment of expected learning outcomes the process of investigating (1) what

students are learning and (2) how well they are learning it in relation to the stated expected
learning outcomes for the course.

Assessment plan the proposed methods and timeline for assessment-related activities in
a given course (e.g., when are you going to check what/how well the students are learning
and how are you going to do that?).

Classroom Assessment Technique (CAT) Angelo and Cross (1993) developed a variety
of techniques/activities than can be used to assess students learning. These CATs are
often done anonymously and are not graded. These activities check on the class learning
while students are still engaged in the learning process. An example of a CAT is a non-
graded quiz given a few weeks before the first exam.

Course description a formal description of the material to be covered in the course. This
description is usually taken or adapted from the course description found in the universitys
course catalog.

Course purpose the course purpose describes the intent of the course and how it
contributes to the major. The course purpose goes beyond the course description.

Criteria for grade determination indicates how the methods of assessment will be used
to determine the final grade for the course (may include percent or weight associated with
specific assignments test = 20%, project = 30%, etc. and categories for scores into grades
A = 90-100, B = 80-89, etc.). Obviously, other approaches to determining final grades are
possible but a statement of how the grade is determined should be included.

Expected learning outcome - a formal statement of what students are expected to learn in
a course (synonyms for expected learning outcome include learning outcome, learning
outcome statement, and student learning outcome).

Evaluation making a judgment about the quality of students learning/work and assigning a
grade based on that judgment. Evaluation activities (such as exams, papers, etc.) are often
seen as formal ways to assess the expected learning outcomes for a course.

Methods for assessing student learning outcomes this term refers to any technique or
activity that is used to investigate what students are learning or how well they are learning.
Formal methods for evaluating student learning outcomes include graded quizzes, exams,
papers, homework assignments, etc. Informal methods for assessing student learning
outcomes include Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs) such as class discussion,
non-graded quizzes, etc. Both formal and informal assessment methods are used to
investigate how the well students have acquired the learning outcomes for the course.

For information on programmatic or departmental learning outcomes and assessment contact

Dr. Andrea McCourt at andrea.mccourt@ttu.edu or (806) 742-1505,
Texas Tech University, Office of Planning and Assessment.

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 COURSE PURPOSE

One of the first steps in identifying the expected learning outcomes for a course is
identifying the purpose of teaching in the course. By clarifying the purpose of the
course, faculty can help discover the main topics or themes related to students
learning. These themes help to outline the expected learning outcomes for the
course.

The course purpose involves the following:

1. What role does this course play within the major?

2. How is the course unique or different from other courses?
3. Why should/do students take this course? What essential knowledge or skills
should they gain from this experience?
4. What knowledge or skills from this course will students need to have mastered
to perform well in future classes or jobs?
5. Why is this course important for students to take?

This section of a syllabus is distinct from the Course Description section that many
faculty members already use. While the Course Description provides general
information regarding the topics and content addressed in the course, the Course
Purpose goes beyond that to describe how this course fits in to the students
educational experience in the major.

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 EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Expected Learning Outcome (definition)

An expected learning outcome is a formal statement of what students are expected to

learn in a course. Expected learning outcome statements refer to specific
knowledge, practical skills, areas of professional development, attitudes, higher-order
thinking skills, etc. that faculty members expect students to develop, learn, or master
during a course (Suskie, 2004). Expected learning outcomes are also often referred
to as learning outcomes, student learning outcomes, or learning outcome
statements.

Simply stated, expected learning outcome statements describe:

1. What faculty members want students to know at the end of the course AND

2. What faculty members want students to be able to do at the end of the course.

Learning outcomes have three major characteristics

1. They specify an action by the students/learners that is observable

2. They specify an action by the students/learners that is measurable

3. They specify an action that is done by the students/learners (rather than the
faculty members)

Effectively developed expected learning outcome statements should possess all

three of these characteristics. When this is done, the expected learning outcomes for
a course are designed so that they can be assessed (Suskie, 2004).

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 WRITING EFFECTIVE LEARNING OUTCOME STATEMENTS

When stating expected learning outcomes, it is important to use verbs that describe
exactly what the learner(s) will be able to do upon completion of the course.

Examples of good action words to include in expected learning outcome

statements:

Compile, identify, create, plan, revise, analyze, design, select, utilize, apply,
demonstrate, prepare, use, compute, discuss, explain, predict, assess,
compare, rate, critique, outline, or evaluate

There are some verbs that are unclear in the context of an expected learning
outcome statement (e.g., know, be aware of, appreciate, learn, understand,
comprehend, become familiar with). These words are often vague, have multiple
interpretations, or are simply difficult to observe or measure (American Association of
Law Libraries, 2005). As such, it is best to avoid using these terms when creating
expected learning outcome statements.

For example, please look at the following learning outcomes statements:

The students will understand basic human development theory.

The students will appreciate music from other cultures.

Both of these learning outcomes are stated in a manner that will make them difficult
to assess. Consider the following:

How do you observe someone understanding a theory or appreciating

other cultures?

How easy will it be to measure understanding or appreciation?

These expected learning outcomes are more effectively stated the following
way:

The students will be able to identify and describe the major theories of
human development.

The students will be able to identify the characteristics of music from other
cultures.

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 Incorporating Critical Thinking Skills
Into Expected Learning Outcomes Statements

Many faculty members choose to incorporate words that reflect critical or higher-
order thinking into their learning outcome statements. Bloom (1956) developed a
taxonomy outlining the different types of thinking skills people use in the learning
process. Bloom argued that people use different levels of thinking skills to process
different types of information and situations. Some of these are basic cognitive skills
(such as memorization) while others are complex skills (such as creating new ways
to apply information). These skills are often referred to as critical thinking skills or
higher-order thinking skills.

Bloom proposed the following taxonomy of thinking skills. All levels of Blooms
taxonomy of thinking skills can be incorporated into expected learning outcome
statements. Recently, Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) adapted Bloom's model to
include language that is oriented towards the language used in expected learning
outcome statements. A summary of Anderson and Krathwohls revised version of
Blooms taxonomy of critical thinking is provided below.

Definitions of the different levels of thinking skills in Blooms taxonomy

1. Remember recalling relevant terminology, specific facts, or different

procedures related to information and/or course topics. At this level, a student
can remember something, but may not really understand it.

2. Understand the ability to grasp the meaning of information (facts,

definitions, concepts, etc.) that has been presented.

3. Apply being able to use previously learned information in different situations

or in problem solving.

4. Analyze the ability to break information down into its component parts.
Analysis also refers to the process of examining information in order to make
conclusions regarding cause and effect, interpreting motives, making
inferences, or finding evidence to support statements/arguments.

5. Evaluate being able to judge the value of information and/or sources of

information based on personal values or opinions.

6. Create the ability to creatively or uniquely apply prior knowledge and/or skills
to produce new and original thoughts, ideas, processes, etc. At this level,
students are involved in creating their own thoughts and ideas.

(Adapted from information from Ball State University accessed at

http://web.bsu.edu/IRAA/AA/WB/chapter2.htmm )

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 List of Action Words Related to Critical Thinking Skills

Here is a list of action words that can be used when creating the expected student
learning outcomes related to critical thinking skills in a course. These terms are
organized according to the different levels of higher-order thinking skills contained in
Anderson and Krathwohls (2001) revised version of Blooms taxonomy.

REMEMBER UNDERSTAND APPLY ANALYZE EVALUATE CREATE

Count Associate Add Analyze Appraise Categorize
Define Compute Apply Arrange Assess Combine
Describe Convert Calculate Breakdown Compare Compile
Draw Defend Change Combine Conclude Compose
Identify Discuss Classify Design Contrast Create
Label Distinguish Complete Detect Criticize Drive
List Estimate Compute Develop Critique Design
Match Explain Demonstrate Diagram Determine Devise
Name Extend Discover Differentiate Grade Explain
Outline Extrapolate Divide Discriminate Interpret Generate
Point Generalize Examine Illustrate Judge Group
Quote Give examples Graph Infer Justify Integrate
Read Infer Interpolate Outline Measure Modify
Recall Paraphrase Manipulate Point out Rank Order
Recite Predict Modify Relate Rate Organize
Recognize Rewrite Operate Select Support Plan
Record Summarize Prepare Separate Test Prescribe
Repeat Produce Subdivide Propose
Reproduce Show Utilize Rearrange
Select Solve Reconstruct
State Subtract Related
Write Translate Reorganize
Use Revise
Rewrite
Summarize
Transform
Specify

(Adapted from information from Kansas State University accessed at

http://www.k-state.edu/assessment/Learning/action.htm )

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 TIPS FOR DEVELOPING COURSE-LEVEL
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES STATEMENTS

Limit the course-level expected learning outcomes to 5 10 statements for the

entire course (more detailed outcomes can be developed for individual units,
assignments, chapters, etc.).

Focus on overarching or general knowledge and/or skills (rather than small or

trivial details).

Focus on knowledge and skills that are central to the course topic and/or
discipline.

Create statements that are student-centered rather than faculty-centered (e.g.,

upon completion of this course students will be able to list the names of the 50
states versus one objective of this course is to teach the names of the 50
states).

Focus on the learning that results from the course rather than describing
activities or lessons in the course.

Incorporate or reflect the institutional and departmental missions.

Incorporate various ways for students to show success (outlining, describing,

modeling, depicting, etc.) rather than using a single statement such as at the
end of the course, students will know _______ as the stem for each expected
outcome statement.

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 SAMPLE EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES STATEMENTS

The following pages depict some sample expected learning outcome statements from
selected courses.

United States History

Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:

Describe the relationship between the past and the present

Write an essay defining a pluralistic society and its relationship to our
democratic principles
Outline the structure of the Constitution of the U.S.
Identity and define the social, political, and economic institutions that impact
the modern society
Describe the major events and individuals associated with the history of the
United States.

Introduction to Business

At the end of the course, students should be able to:

Identify and describe current domestic and international business trends

Explain how proper business management benefits consumers and
employees
Define the basic rules related to human resources management
Compare and contrast the different types of business ownership
Evaluate and classify various marketing strategies
Summarize how technology can help a business manage information

Music Appreciation/History Course (with a focus on Western music)

After completing this course, students will be able to:

Identify the basic elements of Western music

List the instruments associated with Western music
Describe the distinct style periods of Western music
Recognize selected examples of Western music aurally
Discriminate among different Western music styles
Explain musics place in relation to other art forms

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General Psychology

Students who complete this course should be able to:

Identify and define basic terms and concepts which are needed for advanced
courses in psychology
Outline the scientific method as it is used by psychologists
Apply the principles of psychology to practical problems
Compare and contrast the multiple determinants of behavior (environmental,
biological, and genetic)
Analyze current research findings in the areas of physiological psychology,
perception, learning, abnormal, and social psychology
Distinguish between healthy and unhealthy physical, mental, and emotional
patterns

Plant and Soil Sciences

At the end of the course, the student should be able to:

Label the parts of a plant

Define the terms used in plant growth and reproduction
Explain transpiration, respiration and photosynthesis
Calculate the germination rates of various seeds
Identify soil texture and structure from soil samples
List the primary, secondary and micro nutrients present in soil
Identify and describe land capability classes and their uses

General Nutrition

Upon completion of this course students will be able to:

Describe the digestive system

Explain the steps involved in metabolism and the ways energy is derived from
carbohydrate, fat, and protein
Design individualized eating plans utilizing diet planning principles and the
Food Guide Pyramid
State the benefits associated with physical activity and the components of a
sound fitness or health program
Describe how nutrition and lifestyle choices impact the life cycle

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 AN OVERVIEW OF ASSESSMENT

What is assessment?

According to Palomba and Banta (1999) assessment involves the systematic

collection, review, and use of evidence or information related to student learning.
Assessment helps faculty understand how well their students understand course
topics/lessons. Assessment exercises are often anonymous. This anonymity allows
students to respond freely, rather than trying to get the right answer or look good.
Assessment exercises attempt to gauge students understanding in order to see what
areas need to be re-addressed in order to increase the students learning.

In other words, assessment is the process of investigating (1) what students are
learning and (2) how well they are learning it in relation to the stated expected
learning outcomes for the course. This process also involves providing feedback to
the students about their learning and providing new learning opportunities/strategies
to increase student learning.

For example, Dr. Doe initiates a class discussion on material from Chapter One and
determines that most students are confused about Topic X. This class discussion
served as a method for assessing student learning and helped determine the fact
that student learning related to Topic X is somewhat lacking. Dr. Doe now has the
opportunity to (1) inform the students that there is some confusion and (2) make
adjustments to address this confusion (e.g., ask student to re-read Chapter One, re-
lecture over Topic X, etc.). This assessment process helps increase students
learning.

What is the difference between evaluation and assessment?

Evaluation focuses on making a judgment about student work to be used in assigning

grades that express the level of student performance. Evaluation is usually used in
the process of determining grades. Evaluation typically occurs after student learning
is assumed to have taken place (e.g., a final exam). Evaluation is part of the
assessment process. Course assignments that are evaluated/graded (e.g., exams,
papers, homework, etc.) are often seen as formal assessment techniques.

While evaluation is an important component of most classrooms, it does have some

limitations. For example, if the class average on an exam is a 45%, is seems pretty
clear that something went wrong along the way. When one has only evaluated the
final learning product, it can be challenging to go back and discover what happened.
It can also be difficult to address the situation or provide opportunities for students to
learn from their mistakes. Yes, a curve on an exam can help address a low class
average, but does it help the students learn? Engaging in informal assessment
activities throughout the course can help avoid this situation.

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What is involved in the assessment process?

1. Establishing expected learning outcomes for the course;

2. Systematically gathering, analyzing, and interpreting evidence (through formal

assessment activities such as exams or papers and informal assessment
activities such as in-class discussions or muddiest point exercises1) to
determine how well the students learning matches:

a) faculty expectations for what students will learn AND

b) the stated expected learning outcomes for the course

3. Faculty members should use this evidence/assessment of student learning to:

a) provide feedback to students about their learning (or lack thereof) AND

b) adjust their teaching methods and/or students learning behaviors to

ensure greater student learning (Maki, 2004).

1
The Muddiest Point Exercise is a Classroom Assessment Technique (CAT) and is an example of
a method that can be used to assess learning outcomes. At the end of a class period or major topic,
faculty ask students to anonymously write down what point(s) were the most unclear or muddy to
them. After class, faculty members review these responses and then re-teach or re-address any
confusing topics, thus increasing student learning (Angelo & Cross, 1993).

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 METHODS FOR ASSESSING LEARNING OUTCOMES

Formal Evaluation/Assessment Activities for Assessing Expected Learning Outcomes

Exams Homework Assignments

Quizzes In-Class Activities
Papers Class Discussion

Informal Assessment Activities for Assessing Expected Learning Outcomes

Non-Graded Quizzes Active Learning Techniques

Muddiest Point Activities Polling the class
One Minute Papers Application Cards
Reaction Papers

Checkpoint! - It is best to use BOTH Traditional Evaluation/Assessment strategies and Classroom

Assessment Techniques to create the best assessment plan for an expected learning outcome in a
course. When developing an Assessment Plan, it is a good idea to include activities from both of
these groups.

Assessment Resources

Angelo, T.A. & Cross, K.P. (1993). Classroom assessment techniques: A handbook
for college teachers (2nd Ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Meyers, C. & Jones, T.B. (1993). Promoting active learning: Strategies for the
college classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Suskie, L. (2004). Assessing student learning: A common sense guide. Bolton, MA:
Anker Publishing.

Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs): An Introduction

http://www.psu.edu/celt/CATs.html

Overview of Several Common Classroom Assessment Techniques (CATs)

http://www.iub.edu/~teaching/feedback.html

Resources: Assessment of Teaching & Learning

http://www.usc.edu/programs/cet/resources/assessment/

List of Classroom Assessment Techniques

http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/assess-
2.htm

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 DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL COMMON METHODS FOR
ASSESSING EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Muddiest Point Activity

Muddiest Point exercises are active learning techniques typically conducted at the
end of a topic, chapter or class period. In a Muddiest Point exercise, students are
anonymously asked to report what idea, topic, etc. about the previous lesson was
confusing or unclear. Faculty members collect all Muddiest Point responses and
later read and analyze them to see what areas of the lesson or assignments students
are unclear about.

It is important to provide follow-up and feedback regarding student responses. Here

are some ways to do that:

Start off the next lecture by clarifying confusing topics

Re-teach larger sections of material as necessary
Provide simple explanations, etc. on a course website

One Minute Papers (which are similar to Muddiest Points)

In this activity, at the end of a lesson/class period/chapter, faculty members ask their
students to write down:

1. What they believe to be the most important/significant concept from a certain

lesson; AND/OR
2. List their major questions related to a lesson/lecture/chapter

These papers allow faculty to assess general learning. These papers are not graded
and often done anonymously. They also allow faculty to judge whether the students
are focusing on the appropriate major points, or if they are getting caught up in the
little details.

Minute papers can be debriefed by:

1. Providing written feedback on students minute papers (if not done
anonymously)
2. Writing frequently listed major points on the board
3. Discussing answers to students questions with the class

Non-Graded Quizzes

Non-graded quizzes can provide great feedback on student learning. These are non-
threatening and non-punitive, so students tend to like them. Non-graded quizzes can
be given in a variety of formats (paper & pencil, questions in a PowerPoint
presentation, etc.). Be sure to provide students with the correct answers to the quiz
items, so they can learn from their mistakes!

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Student-Generated Exam Questions

In this assessment activity, students (either alone, in pairs, or in groups) are asked to
generate potential exam questions. This helps you assess student learning as well
as their expectations for an upcoming exam.

Having students create potential exam questions helps you assess:

1. If students can identify key concepts;

2. What your students see as fair or reasonable exam questions; and
3. How well the students can answer these potential exam questions

Be sure to discuss the answers to each question with the class. Also discuss with
the class which questions are too easy or too hard and which questions are
reasonable and similar to those that they will actually see on the upcoming exam.

Application Cards

This activity assists faculty in determining if students can apply the knowledge from
the course, which is often tricky. After students have heard or read about an
important concept, theory, or procedure, pass out note cards to each student or to
small groups of students. Ask them to record two or three different ways to apply the
new information to a real-world situation.

Ideas for debriefing this activity:

1. Call on individual students or small groups of students to share their ideas;

discuss their responses and list the applications on the board
2. Collect all responses, read through them, and share some of the best
responses either immediately or at the start of the next class session

Reaction Papers

Reaction papers require students to write down their reactions (thoughts, feelings,
attitudes, etc.) to course material or topics. Although reaction papers can be formal
graded assignments, they can also be used solely for the purposes of assessing
student learning. In this case, faculty members ask their students to take a few
minutes of class time and write down their reaction to a fact, opinion, skill, procedure,
attitude, critique, etc. that was addressed in the course. By reviewing student
responses, faculty can gain knowledge regarding their students understanding of
these concepts. It can also give faculty insight into students attitudes and ways of
thinking about class material, which can often be a challenge to assess.

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Polling the Class

Personal Response Systems (PRS) provide students with remote clickers to

use in voting on true/false or multiple choice questions (similar to Ask the
Audience on Who Wants to be a Millionaire)
These polls provide instructors with instant information/feedback regarding
student learning
A graph depicting students answers can be projected on a screen in the
classroom so that students can see the classes response
This data can also be downloaded so instructors can review individual
students responses

Ways to debrief PRS questions if there seems to be confusion include:

1. Having students turn to the person next to them, discuss the question, and
then vote again
2. Ask for several volunteers to explain their answer to the class, then have the
class re-vote

If you dont have either the access or the desire to use this technology, you have
other options!
Have students vote on an answer with a thumbs up or thumbs down
Pass out cards with A, B, C, or D printed on them and have students use the
cards to vote on answers

While you cant project graphs of how students respond to your questions using
these methods, you can still get a good idea of how well the class understands the
topic/concept.

Active Learning Techniques

Active learning techniques get the students engaged in the learning process. In
these activities, faculty members ask students to think, discuss, share their ideas,
etc. The way that students participate in these active learning techniques can
provide assessment feedback on how well the students truly understand a topic.
Here are some common Active Learning Techniques that can be used to assess
student learning:

Think-pair-share. In a think-pair-share, faculty members pose a question to

the class and then allow a couple of minutes for each individual student to
think it through. Next, each student turns to the student next to him/her to
discuss the question/answer as a pair. Finally, the faculty member will ask
student pairs to share their response with the class.

o Assessment data from this technique can be gathered by listening to

student pairs responses to gauge how well they understand the
concept.

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 Active Learning Techniques Continued

Concept mapping. Concept mapping is a technique that helps the students

to organize the lecture and/or recognize the relationships between ideas by
creating a visual map of the connections. This technique may be useful to
draw together all of the concepts and interrelationships used in solving the
lengthy problems inherent in engineering.

o Assessment data from the activity can be gathered by looking at

concept maps that students/classes create, and checking for evidence
of how well students understand the topics.

Pause procedure. This active learning technique consists of several 2-3

minute pauses spaced at logical breaks in the material in which the students
talk to each other and compare lecture notes (looking for key points or
clarifying definitions) with no interaction from you. If the students have a
discrepancy or need further clarification, they can ask you; otherwise, you take
a hands-off approach and let them learn form each other.

o Assessment data from this technique is gathered by rotating through

the classroom and listening to the students as they engage in this
activity. It is also gathered through the questions that students request
the faculty member to clarify.

Expected Learning Outcomes Statements Survey

This is one way to directly assess how well students feel that they have mastered the
expected learning outcomes for the course. In this method, faculty members have
students complete a brief survey at the end of the class that asks students to rate
how well they have learned each outcome. The simplest way to do this is to list each
stated expected learning outcome and have students indicate on a scale how well
they feel they have mastered each outcome.

For example (using the course from the sample syllabus) students would be asked:

I am able to describe developmentally appropriate guidance practices.

1=strongly disagree 2=disagree 3=neutral 4=agree 5 =strongly agree

I am able to explain the theoretical foundations related to methods used in the

field of guidance.

1=strongly disagree 2=disagree 3=neutral 4=agree 5 =strongly agree

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 CRITERIA FOR GRADE DETERMINATION

Criteria for grade determination is a common element of many course syllabi. This
section is often referred to as Grading Information, Grading Policy, Course
Assignments/Grades, etc. This section of a syllabus describes how faculty members
will calculate or determine whether or not a student will receive an A, B, C, D, or F on
an assignment or in the course.

Suggested topics to include in the criteria for grade determination section include:

A list/description of all assignments/projects/activities that will be assigned a

grade and included in the calculation of the students final grade in the course

The point values and/or percent of the final grade in the course related to each
of these assignments/projects/activities

A description of how point values/grades will be earned/determined for each

assignment/project/activity as well as for the course as a whole

Note: This list is only a suggested list of things to consider including as criteria for
how grades are determined. This list is not meant to be exhaustive or to serve as a
list of mandatory inclusions. It is meant only to provide examples and potential areas
that may be included in a syllabus.

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 THE FOLLOWING SECTION OF THIS
PUBLICATION WILL BE A WORK AREA
TO ASSIST IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF:

A COURSE PURPOSE STATEMENT

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME STATEMENTS

AN ASSESSMENT PLAN OUTLINING THE METHODS FOR

ASSESSING THE EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES; AND

THE CRITERIA FOR GRADE DETERMINATION

A COURSE OUTLINE (SCHEDULE)

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 WRITING A COURSE PURPOSE

Determining the PURPOSE of teaching the course

When planning a course and determining the Learning Outcomes for that course, it is
important to examine the courses purpose within the context of the university, the
college, and/or the department/program. This process will assist faculty in
determining the intent of the course as well as how the course fits into the curriculum.
This will help identify the essential knowledge, skills, etc. that should be incorporated
into the course and the stated expected learning outcomes for the course.

The course purpose section should clarify the courses standing within the major
(e.g., is the course required or an elective?, does this class have a pre-requisite?,
etc.). It should also describe the courses role in the departmental/programmatic
curriculum by addressing the intent (importance, main contribution, intrinsic value,
etc.) of the class.

STEP ONE A: Determine if the course is part of the Texas Tech Core
Curriculum

Texas Tech University has established a list of Core Curriculum courses in order to
provide all students with the opportunity to gain a general knowledge base. The core
curriculum covers classes in the natural and applied sciences, social sciences,
humanities, visual and performing arts, and the tools of language and thought. If a
course is part of the Core Curriculum, it plays a role in the general education of
Texas Tech students.

If a course is listed as a Core Curriculum course, the University has established

some outcomes/objectives for all Core Curriculum courses within the relevant
discipline. For more information on Core Courses and the state outcomes/objectives
for those core areas, please see refer to pages 42 46 of The TTU 2005-006
Undergraduate & Graduate Catalog, which can be accessed at:

http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/catalog/GenInfo.pdf

The Stated Outcomes/Objectives for this Area of the Core Curriculum (if
applicable)

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

21
STEP ONE B: Determine how the course fits into the departmental or
programmatic curriculum

Here are some questions to ask to help determine how a course fits in the
departmental/programmatic curriculum:

What role does the course play in the departmental/programmatic curriculum?

Is this course required?

Is this course an elective?

Is this course required for some students and an elective for others?

Does this class have a pre-requisite?

Is this class a pre-requisite for another class in the department?

Is this course part of Texas Tech Universitys core curriculum?

How advanced is this course?

Is this course an undergraduate or graduate course?

Where does this course fall in students degree plan - as an introductory

course or an advanced course?

Can I expect the students taking this course to know anything about the
course topic?

Are other faculty members counting on students who have taken this course to
have mastered certain knowledge or skills?

When students leave this course, what do they need to know or be able to do?

Is there specific knowledge that the students will need to know in the future?

Are there certain practical or professional skills that students will need to apply
in the future?

Five years from now, what do you hope students will remember from this
course?

22
What is it about this course that makes it unique or special?

Why does the program or department offer this course?

Why cant this course be covered as a sub-section of another course?

What unique contributions to students learning experience does this course

make?

What is the value of taking this course? How exactly does it enrich the
program or department?

Notice that the course purpose is different from the course description that many
faculty members commonly include in their syllabi. Information related to the course
description is usually found in the Texas Tech University 2005-06 Undergraduate &
Graduate Catalog (http://www.depts.ttu.edu/officialpublications/catalog/GenInfo.pdf ).
The course description outlines the actual content of the course (topics, facts, skills,
etc. that will be addressed). The course purpose explains the intent of the course
and how it contributes to the major.

23
STEP TWO: State the PURPOSE of the Course

Answers to the questions from the previous pages should help determine the
purpose of this course. In the space provided write a paragraph that explains why
the course is important and/or taught and how it fits into the major.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

A Course Purpose statement can be added to a

syllabus in a separate section titled Course Purpose or as a
subsection of the Course Description.

24
 WRITING EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR A COURSE

The following pages should be of assistance in developing several broad, effectively

stated expected learning outcomes for a course. When beginning to construct
expected learning outcome statements, it is always good to think about the learners.
Please take a moment to think about the student learners in the course. Please
consider the following questions:

What are the most essential things the students need to know or be able to do
at the end of this course?
What knowledge and skills will they bring with them?
What knowledge and skills should they learn from the course?

When you begin thinking about the expected learning outcomes for a course, it is a
good idea to think broadly. Course-level expected learning outcomes do not need to
focus on small details; rather, they address entire classes of theories, skill sets,
topics, etc.

STEP ONE A:

In the space provided, list the major elements that you want your students TO KNOW
(facts, theories, concepts, models, etc.) at the end of the course.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

25
STEP ONE B:

In the following space, list the major things you want your students TO BE ABLE TO
DO (skills, abilities, procedures, etc.) after taking the course.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Checkpoint! Please make sure your outcomes do not refer simply to the course content (the facts the
students will know). Be sure to include learning outcomes that describe what the student can do and
who they are. Brainstorm as many outcomes as you like in this section. Later on, you will have the
opportunity to narrow down and prioritize these outcomes.

26
STEP TWO: List the Expected Learning Outcomes

Rewrite the expected learning outcomes you listed under Steps 1A and 1B. In this
section, be sure that these learning outcomes follow the guidelines discussed in the
first section of this workbook.

After taking this course, the student(s) will be able to:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Checkpoint! Are all of your expected learning outcomes (1) observable; (2) measurable; and (3)
phrased so they state what the learners will do? If a learning outcome is content-centered, can it be
re-phrased to focus on the students skills/development/attitudes as well?

27
STEP THREE: Prioritize the Expected Learning Outcomes

For this section, please refer to the list of expected student learning outcomes you
provided on page 26. Put a number next to each of the learning outcomes to show
the value you place on each specific outcome. For example, place a 1 next to the
outcome you believe to be the most important, a 2 next to the second most
important learning outcome, etc.

While all the outcomes you brainstormed are likely to be important, it is

recommended that you select no more than 5 10 student learning outcomes to be
listed on your syllabus as the overall course-level expected learning outcomes. This
helps to keep the course (and your assessment plan) focused and manageable. You
will find that the other learning outcomes you listed will still have a place in your
course. Most likely, you will address those learning objectives at a more basic level
(e.g., as an outcome for a particular chapter, unit, assignment, etc.).

28
 DEVELOPING A PLAN TO ASSESS THE
COURSE-LEVEL EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Assessment tells faculty members if their students have actually learned what the
faculty planned for them to learn. Assessment goes beyond simply evaluating each
students work and assigning grades. While it is true that some assessment
techniques may result in the assignment of a grade, many of the assessment
exercises faculty engage in are done simply to explore students learning.

As discussed earlier in this handbook, both traditional evaluation activities (such as

exams, homework, or research papers) and classroom assessment techniques
(such as class discussions, non-graded quizzes, or muddiest point exercises) can
be used to assess the expected learning outcomes for a course.

STEP ONE: In the column on the left, please list all Traditional Evaluation Methods
(e.g., exams, paper, etc.) you plan to use in the course. Next, in the column to the
right, list the Related Expected Learning Outcome(s) that each Traditional
Evaluation Method will help assess.

Traditional Evaluation Method Related Expected Learning Outcome(s)

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

_____________________________ ___________________________________

29
STEP TWO: In the column on the left, please briefly list each Expected Learning
Outcome for the course. In the column to the right, list the different Assessment
Methods you plan to use to assess this expected learning outcome (e.g., classroom
discussion, muddiest point exercises, etc.).

Expected Learning Outcome(s) Assessment Method

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

___________________________________ ____________________________

You should now have a list of all traditional evaluation methods and all additional
assessment methods that will be used to assess each expected learning outcome in
the course. It is important to use BOTH traditional evaluation methods and
assessment methods to assess each expected learning outcome.

Now that you have selected the methods you will use to assess the expected
learning outcomes in the course, you are ready to incorporate those methods into an
assessment plan for the course.

Note: The list of traditional Evaluation Methods and Assessment Methods you
just created should be included in the syllabus as Methods for Assessing the
Expected Learning Outcomes.

30
STEP THREE: Creating an Assessment Plan

Now that you have determined what methods you will use to assess the expected
learning outcomes in the course, you will want to establish a plan that outlines when
and how you will engage in these assessment activities.

An Assessment Plan should reflect the following cycle:

Assessment of Student Providing Feedback to the

Learning (e.g., class Students Regarding the
discussion, one-minute Results of the Assessment
papers, polling the Activity
class, etc.)

Adjusting Teaching and/or

Learning Methods to
Ensure Greater
Student Learning

Please use the worksheet on the following page to help you design a plan to assess
student learning in your course.

A sample of a completed version of this worksheet/form follows the blank worksheet.

An additional blank copy of this worksheet that can be copied and used for each
learning outcome for a course has been provided in Appendix B.

31
 PLAN FOR ASSESSING EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

Course Title/Number ______________________________ Department _____________________

Expected Learning Outcome (please use a separate form for each course-level learning outcome)

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

How will this expected When will this expected If these assessments show
learning outcome be learning outcome be deficiencies in students
assessed? What methods assessed? (Please list the mastery of this expected
will you use to measure prospective dates for each of learning outcome, what are
students the assessment techniques your plans for improving
mastery of this outcome? listed in the first column) student learning related to
this outcome?

(Adapted from information from Kansas State University accessed at

http://www.k-state.edu/assessment/Library/strategies.ppdf )

32
 SAMPLE Plan for Assessing Expected Learning Outcomes

Course Title/Number __Child/Adolescent Guidance______ Department __Child Development____

Expected Learning Outcome (please use a separate form for each course-level learning outcome)

Expected Learning Outcome # 1 Upon completion of this course, students will be able to
describe developmentally appropriate guidance practices.

How will this expected When will this expected If these assessments show
learning outcome be learning outcome be deficiencies in students
assessed? What methods assessed? (Please list the mastery of this expected
will you use to measure prospective dates for each of learning outcome, what are
students the assessment techniques your plans for improving
mastery of this outcome? listed in the first column) student learning related to this
outcome?

Exams 1-3 (October, November, Review exam answers with

December) class, review unclear
concepts.

In-class activities Weekly Provide written feedback on

activities, debrief common
errors or misconceptions
with the class.

Muddiest Point CAT Every 2 weeks Review answers to

students questions from
this CAT activity either
verbally or on the course
website.

Non-Graded Quizzes At the end of every Grade quiz with the class,
chapter/unit being sure to provide the
correct answers. Clarify
any confusing areas; re-
teach as necessary.

(Adapted from information from Kansas State University accessed at

http://www.k-state.edu/assessment/Library/strategies.pddf )

33
 DEVELOPING THE CRITERIA FOR GRADE DETERMINATION

This section of a course typically includes information regarding course

assignments, point values for those assignments, information on how final grades
are calculated, etc. Although there are some common components that most faculty
members include in this section, the criteria for grade determination can vary
greatly depending on teaching style, discipline, etc. One important thing to
remember is that this section is different than the section of the syllabus that outlines
the methods for assessing the expected learning outcomes.

Here are some areas to help brainstorm the Criteria for Grade Determination
section of a course syllabus:

The following section helps organize these assignments for the course:

Course Assignments/Exams Point Values % of course grade

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

______________________ _________________ __________________

34
Other common areas addressed under Criteria for Grade Determination include:

A description of how final grades (As, Bs, Cs, Ds, and Fs) are determined and
assigned;

It can also be helpful to include any policies related to

late assignment penalties;

extra credit opportunities;

curving grades; and/or

information regarding grade appeals.

Note: This list is only a suggested list of things to consider including as criteria for
how grades are determined. This list is not meant to be exhaustive or to serve as a
list of mandatory inclusions. It is meant only to provide examples and potential
areas that may be included in a syllabus.

35
 THE COURSE OUTLINE

It is also a good idea to include a course outline in a syllabus. A course outline

usually contains the following information:

A general organization of the order in which the topics will be covered

A schedule that includes the tentative dates for course topics (this can be
daily, weekly, or by topic)

Due dates for assignments and/or exam dates

Special in-class events such as guest speakers

Important university deadlines or dates (e.g., last day to withdraw, university

Holidays, etc.)

This section is not a list of required elements of a course outline this list is merely
meant to provide ideas of things to include in a course outline.

36
 REVISING A COURSE SYLLABUS

The previous pages should have assisted you in:

Stating the Course Purpose (this statement is on page 23);

Writing the Expected Learning Outcomes for the course (these statements
are on page 26);

Developing an assessment plan that outlines the methods used to assess the
expected learning outcomes for a course (the methods for assessing each
expected learning outcome for the course are listed on pages 28 and 29, the
assessment plan is outlined using the Plan for Assessing Expected Learning
Outcomes Worksheet found on page 31); and

Outlining the Description of How Grades are Determined (see page 33); and

Course Outline (see page 35)

Now that these are prepared, all that is left is to insert them into the course syllabus!

PLEASE REFER TO APPENDIX A TO VIEW A SAMPLE COURSE SYLLABUS

THAT CONTAINS THESE ELEMENTS.

Appendix A provides a sample syllabus to provide ideas on incorporating these

elements into a course syllabus.

An additional Plan for Assessing Expected Learning Outcomes worksheet has

been provided in Appendix B.

37
 APPENDIX A: SAMPLE Syllabus
Child and Adolescent Guidance
Child Development (CD) 4000 - Section 001
Monday/Wednesday/Friday 10:00 a.m. 10:50 a.m.

Faculty: J. Doe, Ph.D

Office: Texas Hall 101
Office Hours: Mon. and Wed. from noon 2:00 p.m. & by appointment
Phone: (555)888-8888
Email: jdoe@university.com

SAMPLE SYLLABUS DISCLAIMER

This sample syllabus is meant to provide suggestions on how to incorporate a

course purpose statement, expected learning outcomes, methods for assessing
learning outcomes, criteria for grade determination, and a course outline into a
course syllabus. This is not meant to limit faculty in the creation of their course
syllabi. Additionally, this sample syllabus is meant to provide examples and
suggestions rather than serve as a template.

Course Description

This course focuses on the development of strategies for promoting self-discipline,

creative capacities, and positive relationships with children and adolescents. The
purpose of this course is to provide students with a working knowledge of
developmentally appropriate practices in child/adolescent guidance. This goal will
be accomplished by a thorough review of current guidance methods and class
exercises designed to familiarize students with guidance techniques. By the end of
this course, students are expected to develop their own approach to guidance based
on practices best suited to their unique skills and the promotion of optimal
development for children and adolescents.

Course Purpose

This course is a required course for all Child Development majors with a focus in
Early Child Education. It is also an elective class for all Child or Adolescent
Development majors. This course introduces students to concepts and techniques
for working with and guiding both children and adolescents. Course materials relate
to several theories of human development and how those theories contribute to or
influence the development of guidance techniques/strategies. Thus, this course
relates to material from several other courses in the department (e.g., Child
Development, Adolescent Development, and Theories of Development). One goal
of the course is to help students to learn to apply the information from the class to
real-life situations.

38
Expected Learning Outcomes (Option A)

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Describe developmentally appropriate guidance practices.

2. Explain the theoretical foundations related to methods used in the field of

guidance.

3. Demonstrate their knowledge of how adults teach, guide, and influence

children/adolescents.

4. Identify appropriate guidance techniques based on the childs age and

environment.

5. Demonstrate competence in designing, implementing, and evaluating

guidance techniques.

6. Articulate their personal values regarding guidance issues.

Methods for Assessing the Expected Learning Outcomes (Option A)

The expected learning outcomes for the course will be assessed through:

Exams, In-Class Application Activities, Muddiest Point Classroom Assessment

Techniques, Non-Graded Quizzes, the Research Paper, Reaction Papers, Class
Discussions, One-Minute Paper Classroom Assessment Techniques, Polling the
Class, Application Card Application Techniques, and Active Learning Activities.

The following page provides another commonly used format/option for

including expected learning outcomes statements and methods for
assessing those outcomes in a course syllabus.

39
Expected Learning Outcomes & Methods for Assessing those Outcomes
(Option B)

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Describe developmentally appropriate guidance practices.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: Exams 1-3, In-
class Application Activities, Muddiest Point Classroom Assessment
Techniques (CATs), and Non-Graded Quiz (CATs)

2. Explain the theoretical foundations related to methods used in the field of

guidance.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: Exams 2-3,

Research Paper, Reaction Papers, Non-Graded Quiz (CATs), and In-Class
Application Activities

3. Demonstrate their knowledge of how adults teach, guide, and influence

children/adolescents.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: In-Class

Application Activities, Application Card CATs, Class Discussions, and One-
Minute Paper CATs

4. Identify appropriate guidance techniques based on the childs age, ecological

context, and situational determinants.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: Exams 1-3, In-
Class Application Activities, Active Learning Activities, Polling the Class
CATs, and Muddiest Point CATs

5. Demonstrate competence in designing, implementing, and evaluating

guidance techniques.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: Research

Paper, Class Discussion, In-Class Application Activities, Application Card
CATs

6. Articulate their personal values regarding guidance issues.

Methods for Assessing this Expected Learning Outcome: Reaction

Papers, In-Class Application Activities, Polling the Class CATs, Active
Learning Activities, Research Paper, One Minute Paper CATs

40
Course Assignments/Description of How Grades are Determined

Exams
There will be three exams; each exam is worth 200 points. Each exam will include a
variety of questions (e.g., multiple choice questions, matching, short-answer). Exam
Three is cumulative. Exam dates are listed in the Course Schedule.

Application Activities
Throughout the course of the semester, there will be 10 group and/or individual
activities; each is worth 20 points. For example, application activities may include
brief reaction papers, small group discussions, etc. These activities will supplement
the material from course readings and lectures as well as assist students in applying
their knowledge of developmental issues to real life guidance situations.

Research Paper
Students will be required to write a research paper related to Child and/or
Adolescent Guidance. This paper is to be 15 20 pages in length, should use APA
citation style, and must incorporate at least 10 scholarly sources. More information
will be handed out and discussed at a later date.

Grading Scale
A = 900-1000 points (90% - 100%)
B = 800-899 points (80% - 89%)
C = 700-799 points (70% - 79%)
D = 600-699 points (60% - 69%)
F = 0-599 points (0 - 59%)

Exams 600 points (3 exams worth up to 200 points each)

Application Activities 200 points (10 activities worth up to 20 points each)
Research Paper 200 points (1 paper worth up to 200 points)
1000 points total

Extra Credit Policy

There is no extra credit offered in this course.

Late Assignment Policy

All assignments are considered late if they are not submitted at the beginning of
class the day they are due. For each day (not including weekends) that
assignments are late, a 10% deduction in the overall grade for that assignment will
be enforced.

Grade Appeals
Students initiating grade appeals should follow the official Grade Appeal Procedures
outlined by the college. Please see the course website for a link to this policy.

41
 Tentative Course Outline

Date Topic To Be Covered Due Dates and

Other Important Dates
Week 1 Review of the course syllabus & Introduction
to the topic What is child or adolescent
guidance? (Chapter 1)
Week 2 The influence of human development theory
on child/adolescent guidance (Chapter 2)
Week 3 Overview of Indirect Guidance Techniques
(Chapter 3)
Week 4 Overview of Direct Guidance Techniques
(Chapter 4)
Week 5 Guiding Infants (Chapter 5) EXAM 1 (Monday of Week 5)
Week 6 Guiding Toddlers (Chapter 6)
Week 7 Guiding Preschool Aged Children (Chapter 7)
Week 8 Guiding Early Elementary Aged Children
(Chapter 8)
Week 9 Diversity and Guidance (Reading Packet)
Week 10 Diversity and Guidance (Reading Packet) Exam 2 (Friday of Week 10)
Week 11 Guiding Late Elementary School Aged
Children (Chapter 9)
Week 12 Special Guidance Topic Peers and Your
Child (Article #1 Reading Packet)
Week 13 Guiding Adolescents (Chapter 10)
Week 14 Special Guidance Topic How to address Research Paper Due (Monday of
adolescents increasing independence(Article Week 14)
#1 Reading Packet)
Week 15 Special Guidance Topic Peers and Your
Child (Article #1 Reading Packet)
Week 16 Reflection and Review of the Course Topics Cumulative Final Exam (see the
published Final Exam Schedule
for the exact date and time)

* Application Activities will occur throughout the semester. There are no set dates for these
activities. Announcements regarding all Application Activities will be made in class.

42
Other Commonly Included Sections of a Course Syllabus:

Academic Honesty Statement

Special Accommodations for Students with Disabilities Statement

Policy Regarding Student Absence for Observance of a Religious Holiday

Statement

Civility in the Classroom Statement

For more information related to these and other components of a syllabus,

please refer to the SYLLABUS GUIDE FOR FACULTY: Tips For Creating A
Conflict Free Syllabus created by the Texas Tech University Office of the
Ombudsman. This can be accessed at:

http://www.depts.ttu.edu/ombudsman/publications/SyllabusGuideforFaculty.doc

43
 APPENDIX B: Plan for Assessing Expected Learning Outcomes Worksheet

Course Title/Number ______________________________ Department _____________________

Expected Learning Outcome (please use a separate form for each course-level learning outcome)

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

How will this Learning When will this Learning If these assessments show
Outcome be assessed? Outcome be assessed? deficiencies in students
What methods will you use (Please list the prospective mastery of this learning
to measure students dates for each of the outcome, what are your plans
mastery of this outcome? assessment techniques listed for improving student learning
in the first column) related to this outcome?

(Adapted from information from Kansas State University accessed at

http://www.k-state.edu/assessment/Library/strategies.pdf)

44
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45