ME / PSE –PT / PSC / R1

VINAYAKA MISSIONS UNIVERSITY

V.M.K.V ENGINEERING COLLEGE, SALEM
&
AARUPADAIVEEDU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PAIYANOOR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

M.E. POWER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING – PT - QUESTION BANK

POWER SYSTEM CONTROL

UNIT – I: Automatic Generation Control
Part – A (2 Marks)
1. Explain the static frequency drop of primary ALFC.
2. How can static frequency drop be eliminated?
3. List out the advantages of integral control.
4. How is an increase in real power demand met in the power system?
5. List out the major control loops in a large generator.
6. Mention the advantages of Pool operation in multi area system
7. Explain the necessity of large mechanical forces in speed governing system.
8. Describe about the Control Area in power system.
9. Give the controller specifications of multi area system with secondary ALFC.
10. Elucidate Area Control error.
11. Explain the functions of primary and secondary ALFC Loops?
12. The generator 100MW power generation, it has a regulation parameter of R of
four percentages (0.04pu). By how much will the turbine power increase if the
frequency drops by 0.1HZ with the power reference unchanged?
13. Draw the block diagram of AGC in single area control.
14. Name the requirement of integral controller.
15. The generator has the frequency drop 0.1HZ with generating power output 100MW but the
turbine power must remain unchanged, by how should the reference settings be changed?
16. List out the LFC parameters and its units.
17. State the expression of modeling of tie line between two area systems?
18. Derive the power system model of secondary ALFC .
19. Explain the Mechanical Analog model of two area power system.
20. Enumerate the necessity of secondary ALFC loop.

Part –B (16 Marks)

1. Discuss about
i) Speed Governing
ii) Automatic Generation Control
2. Explain the operation of (simplified) primary loop ALFC with neat sketch.

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Also, (i) Derive ALFC Loop parameters.

(ii) Give the Block diagram of the Primary and secondary ALFC loop of
single area system.
3. Explain briefly about
i) Under frequency Load Shedding
ii) Computation of settings for under frequency relays.
4. Derive an expression for the static frequency change of a single area ALFC. How
can the static frequency change be compensated?
5. Determine the Primary ALFC Loop parameters for a control area having the
following specification.
Total rated area capacity Pr=2000 MW
Normal operating Load PDo=1000 MW
Inertia Constant H = 5.0 sec
Regulation R = 2.40 HZ/pu MW (all area generator)
We shall assume that the load frequency dependency is linear, meaning that the
“old” load would increase one percent for one percent frequency increase.
6. Derive an expression of the state variable model for a two area power system.
7. The two 50 HZ power system are connected by means of interconnected cable of
negligible impedance so that stations work in parallel.
Station A Station B
15 MW full load capacity 1. 4 MW full load capacity
Regulation 3% Regulation 4%
The Load is A is 10 MW and in B is 4MW. Calculate the generator output
of the each station, power transmitted by the interconnection and operating
frequency? Assume free governor action and the speed changes generators were set to
have a frequency of 50 HZ
i. at No load
ii. at Full load
8. Explain the static and dynamic analysis of primary ALFC loop operation?
9. Two identical machine of rating 120 MW, 50 HZ operating in parallel has the
following characteristics.
Settings M/c 1 M/c 2
Speed Changer set to give rated speed
at rated load value 50% 75%
Regulation 4% 3%
i) Find the load sharing of each machine for 200 MW load.
ii) What adjustment should be made for the machines to share the 200 MW load but
with a frequency of 50 HZ.
iii) Solve the problem by Graphical and Analytical approach.
10. Explain the static and dynamic analysis of secondary ALFC loop operation.

UNIT: II : REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE CONTROL

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Part – A (2 Marks)
1. Define reactive power.
2. Explain the units of reactive power.
3. Compare synchronous condensers and shunt capacitors.
4. Define positive and negative reactive power.
5. Explain the necessity of reactive power compensation.
6. List out the sources of reactive power.
7. Mention the types of tap changing transformer.
8. Elucidate about reactive power balance.
9. State line compensation.
10. Differentiate Shunt & Series Compensation.
11. Explain how the magnitude of the AVR loop gain affects the system stability?
12. Define surge impedance loading (SIL).
13. List the components are produce and absorb reactive power and how?
14. State and explain the need of reactive power control and voltage control in
transmission line.
15. How will be the 5th and 7th harmonics are eliminated in the three phase 12 pulse TCR
system?
16. When will be the reactive and active power flow happen in Transmission line and give
the conditions?
17. Name the application of the static var compensator.
18. Derive the fundamental components of current wave form equation of TCR.
19. Draw the diagram of 12-pulse TCR arrangement.
20. State the composite characteristic of an SVS system.
Part –B (16 Marks)
1. Explain Brushless AVR modeling with neat sketch and also give the static response
of AVR Loop.
2. Explain the causes, effects and advantages of power factor improvement? How can
power factor be improved using shunt capacitors?
3. i) Briefly explain line compensation. Why is it necessary?
ii) Compare static capacitors and synchronous condenser.
4. How is voltage control possible using tap changing transformer? How can tap
ratio be calculated? Derive the necessary equation.
5. Explain the operation of TCR and TSC. Also derive fundamental current wave form.
6. Explain the principles of transmission system compensation. What is the effect
compensation in line voltage and full load?
7. A, B, C are connected to a common bus bar. Supply point A maintained at nominal
275kV and it is connected to M to a 275/132kV, transformer reactance of 0.1p.u and a
132 kV line of reactance 50ohm. Supply point B is nominally at 132 kV and connected
to M to a 132 kV line of 50 ohm reactance. Supply point C is nominally at 275 kV to
connect to M to 275 kV/132 kV of 0.1 reactance, 132 kV reactance 50 ohm if at a
particular system load the line voltage. M falls below of its nominal voltage by 5 kV.
Calculate the magnitude of reactive VA injection required at M to maintain voltage 500
MVA Base voltage.
8. A line connects an infinite bus bar of 400x10 6 V to a load bus for supplying 1000MW.
The link has as line impedance of (7+70j) ohm feeding the load bus for via transformer

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with tap ratio 0.9:1. A compensator is connected at load bus bar. If the maximum
overall voltage drop is 10% with taps fully utilized. Calculate the Q-requirements of
compensator.
9. Explain voltage control and reactive power control operation of SVC.
10. Give different types of static var compensators and explain any of three.

UNIT III: POWER SYSTEM SECURITY CONTROL

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. List the function of Energy Control Centre.

2. Define SCADA.
3. Explain the need for security to power system.
4. Enumerate the main function of SCADA.
5. Define Energy Management System.
6. List the different states in which a power system can exist.
7. Explain the need for Energy Management System.
8. Compare Alert & Emergency state.
9. Mention the need for SCADA.
10. Name out the components of SCADA.
11. Explain about system blackout.
12. Discuss about telemetry system.
13. Elucidate optimal dispatch.
14. Discuss about post contingency.
15. Define secure dispatch.
16. Explain about secure post-contingency.
17. Elucidate overload performance index.
18. Discuss about RTU.
19. Explain the function of Automatic Generation control.
20. List some applications of SCADA system.

Part –B (16 Marks)

1. Explain Energy Control Centre also discuss its various functions in detail.
2. Explain with neat sketch about SCADA.
3. Briefly explain Energy Management System? Why it is necessary? How is it
done?
4. Explain about reliability planning and monitoring.
5. Describe about the factors affecting power system security.
6. Why is SCADA necessary? How is it done? What are its hardware and software
requirements?
7. Explain the contingency analysis procedure with flow chart.
8. Show the different configuration of SCADA by suitable diagrams and explain the
relative advantages and disadvantages of each configuration.
9. Illustrate about concentric relaxation.
10. Discuss the functions of master control units and remote terminal units of
SCADA.

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UNIT IV: STATE ESTIMATION

Part – A (2 Marks)

1. Explain Simulation.
2. State weighted least square estimation.
3. Write some example for Weighted Least.
4. Explain probability density function.
5. Elucidate maximum likelihood criterion.
6. Discuss about standard deviation.
7. Define Weighted Least criterion.
8. Discuss about errors.
9. Write down the Application of Power Systems State Estimation.
10. Discuss about Squares state estimation.
11. Explain about Network Observability.
12. Define Pseudo- measurement.
13. Discuss about state estimation.
14. Write down the application of pseudo measurements.
15. Explain diagonal matrix.
16. Discuss about true value.
17. Describe about measured value.
18. Write down the procedure for detection of bad measurements.
19. Explain about state estimator.
20. Describe briefly about treatment of bad data.

Part –B (16 Marks)

1. Explain the state estimation also discuss about the weighted least square method.
2. How will be the state estimated in AC network and write an algorithm.
3. Give the Maximum likelihood weighted least method in which how to estimate
the unknown value?
4. Derive and explain the generation shift factor and linear sensitivity factor of
power system.
5. Write an algorithm of weighted least square method.
6. Explain in detail of detection and identification of bad measurements and
estimation of quantities not being measured.
7. Give an algorithm of least square error method.
8. The three bus system base of 100MVA has X12=0.2p.u, X13=0.4p.u and
X23=0.25p.u reactance values and measured values of M12=62MW, M13=5MW and
M23=40MW. Find the Θ1 and Θ2 values by Maximum Likelihood method assume
number of measurement is equal to number of state and Θ3=0.
9. The three bus system base of 100MVA has measured values of M12=62MW,
M13=5MW and M23=37MW. Find estimated readings by Maximum Likelihood
method where variance (R) value is 0.0001, Nm=3 and Ns=2.
10. State and explain the algorithm for contingency analysis using sensitivity factor.

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UNIT V: POWER SYSTEM CONTROL UNDER DEREGULATED

ENVIRONMENT
Part – A (2 Marks)
1. Explain about deregulation.
2. Discuss about independent system operator.
3. Explain genco, Transco and disco in deregulation market.
4. Describe the task in today’s industries under regulated system.
5. Name the trading entities of power system.
6. Mention the operation tasks in today’s industries under regulated system.
7. State the comparison of traditional and competitive market structures.
8. List any two activities of ISO.
9. Enumerate the different entities in deregulated electricity market.
10. Draw the typical structure of deregulated electricity system.
11. Explain the market operator duties in deregulated environment system.
12. List the advantage of deregulated system.
13. Explain the deregulated system with traditional market system.
14. Discuss the temporal decomposition.
15. List down the classifications of operational tasks in the competitive industry.
16. Define balancing supply
17. Describe about demand in real time.
18. Elucidate real time operation.
19. Describe about LFC.
20. Write down the Classification of operational tasks in today’s power industry.
.
Part –B (16 Marks)
1. Explain about deregulated environment. also with neat sketch explain the
typical structures of a deregulated electricity power system.
2. Give and explain the different entities function in deregulated electricity
market.
3. Explain the benefits of competitive electricity market with the traditional
market.
4. How deregulation has affected the power system and validate with example?
5. Explain the operating tasks of today’s industry and today’s competitive
industries.
6. Give the three entities and explain their functions in deregulated environment
system.
7. Explain the activities of the Independent system operator in deregulation
environment.
8. Explain briefly about Load frequency control under deregulated environment.
9. Briefly explain about energy auditing process.
10. Explain any one sample case study about to meet power demand in new
Industry.

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