An American National Standard

Designation: A 420/A 420M 02

Standard Specification for

Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for
Low-Temperature Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 420/A 420M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope * 2.3 ASME Standards:

1.1 This specification2 covers wrought carbon steel and B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings5
alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction, cov- B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding Threaded5
ered by the latest revision of ASME B16.9, ASME B16.11, B 16.28 Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Short Radius Elbows
ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-79, and MSS SP-95. Fittings differing and Returns5
from these ASME and MSSVF standards shall be furnished in Section VIII Division 1, Pressure Vessels5
accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specifi- Section V Nondestructive Examination5
cation A 960. These fittings are for use in pressure piping and 2.4 MSS Standards:
pressure vessel service at low temperatures. MSS SP-25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements are provided for Flanges, and Unions6
fittings where a greater degree of examination is desired. When MSS SP-79 Socket Welding Reducer Inserts6
desired, one or more of these supplementary requirements shall MSS SP-95 Swage(d) Nipples and Bull Plugs6
be specified in the order. 2.5 ASNT Standards:
1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units ASNT (1984) Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A7
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the 3. Ordering Information
applicable M specification designation (SI units), the mate-
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 3.1 See specification A 960.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units 4. General Requirements
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must the requirements of Specification A 960, including any supple-
be used independently of the other. mentary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order.
Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specifica-
2. Referenced Documents tion A 960 constitutes non-conformance with this specification.
2.1 In addition to those Referenced Documents listed in In case of conflict between the requirements of this specifica-
Specification A 960, the following list of standards apply to tion and Specification A 960, this specification shall prevail.
this specification. 5. Material
2.2 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing 5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars,
of Steel Products3 plates, seamless or fusion welded tubular products with filler
A 960 Specification for Common Requirements for metal added. It shall conform to the chemical requirements in
Wrought Steel Piping Fittings4 Table 1, and be made by one of the following processes:
open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The steels shall
be made using recognized melting practices necessary to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, produce steels that shall meet the impact requirements of this
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee specification.
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials For Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
5
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published May 2002. Originally Available from ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
published as A 420 58 T. Last previous edition A 420/A 420M 01. 10016-5990.
2 6
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
cation SA-420 in Section II of that Code. Fittings Industry, 127 Park St. N.E., Vienna, VA 22180.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. Plaza, Columbus, OH 432280518.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements

NOTE 1All requirements are maximum unless otherwise indicated.

NOTE 2Where an ellipsis (...) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
GradeA Composition, %
C Mn P S Si Ni Cr Mo Cu Cb V
WPL6 0.30 0.501.35 0.035 0.040 0.150.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.40 0.02 0.08
WPL9 0.20 0.401.06 0.030 0.030 ... 1.602.24 0.751.25
WPL3B 0.20 0.310.64 0.05 0.05 0.130.37 3.23.8 ...
WPL8C 0.13 0.90 0.030 0.030 0.130.37 8.49.6 ...
A
When fittings are of welded construction, the symbols above shall be supplemented by the letter W.
B
Fittings made from plate or forgings may have 0.90 % max manganese.
C
Fittings made from plate may have 0.98 % max manganese.

6. Manufacture 7.2 The full thickness of the material from which impact test
6.1 Forging or forming operations shall be performed by specimens are to be obtained shall be heat treated with a
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, working, furnace charge as specified in 10.4.2 or 10.4.3.
bending, fusion-welding, or machining, or by a combination of 7.3 After forming, the fittings shall be allowed to cool below
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall the lower critical before applying one of the heat treatments
be so applied that it will not produce injurious defects in the listed in 7.1.
fittings. 7.4 When the fittings are to be post-weld heat treated after
6.2 All welds, including welds in tubular products from being welded by the purchaser and when so specified in the
which fittings are made, shall be (1) made by welders, welding order, the test specimens shall be subjected to the same
operators and welding procedures qualified under the provi- post-weld heat treatment. The purchaser shall use the post-
sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with weld heat treatment shown in Table 2, unless otherwise
Section 7 of this specification, and ( 3) nondestructively specified in the order.
examined throughout the entire length of each weld in accor-
dance with Section 14 of this specification. The radiography of 8. Chemical Composition
welds shall be done either prior to or after forming at option of 8.1 The steel shall conform to requirements of chemical
manufacturer. Personnel performing NDE examinations shall composition for the respective material prescribed in Table 1.
be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A. 8.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for
6.3 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in the ordered grade to the extent that it then conforms to the
accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of requirements of another grade for which that element is a
Section VIII, Division 1 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel specified element having a required minimum content.
Code. 8.3 The chemical composition of weld metal is not required
6.4 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth- to meet the same limits of the base materials however, the
ods shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by composition of the weld deposit shall be such that it meets the
one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement minimum mechanical and impact requirements of this specifi-
S52 or S53 of Specification A 960. This examination shall be cation. In general, the alloy content shall be similar to that of
performed after final heat treatment by NDE personnel quali- the base metal but shall not exceed 6 % except in the case of
fied under the provisions of ASNT Recommended Practice No. fittings of 9 % nickel steel.
SNT-TC-1A. Only the sidewall areas of the tee need be 8.4 A product analysis is optional.
examined. This area is defined by a circle that covers the area
from the weld bevel of the branch outlet to the centerline of the 9. Tensile Properties
body or run. Internal and external surfaces shall be examined 9.1 The tensile properties of the fittings material shall
when size permits accessibility. After the removal of any conform to the requirements for the applicable grade of
cracks, the tees shall be re-examined by the original method. material as listed in Table 3.
Acceptable tees shall be marked with the symbol PT or MT, as 9.2 At least one tension test shall be made on each heat of
applicable, to indicate compliance. material and in the same condition of heat treatment as the
6.5 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by finished fittings it represents provided that the wall thickness of
the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy
grade and composition, to the outside of a straight section of
TABLE 2 Post-Weld Heat Treatment
pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration
joint, satisfies the requirements of 6.2 for qualifications and Grade Metal Temperature Minimum Holding Time
radiography and 7.1 for post weld heat treatment.
F C
7. Heat Treatment WPL6 11001200 595650 1 h/in. [25 mm] 34 h min
WPL3 11001150 540620 h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min
14
7.1 All fittings shall be furnished in the normalized, normal- WPL8 10501100 565595 12 h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min

ized and tempered, annealed, or quenched and tempered WPL9A 10251085 550585 1 h/in. [25 mm] 2 h min
condition. All welding shall be completed prior to the austen- A
2 in. [51 mm] thickness and over. The cooling rate shall not be less than 300F
itizing heat treatment. [150C] per hour down to a temperature of 600F [315C].

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TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements

NOTE 1Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.

Grade
Requirement
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Tensile strength, min ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 85 [585] 63 [435] 88 [610] 65 [450] 90 [620] 100 [690] 125 [865]
Yield strength, min ksi [MPa] 35 [240] 46 [315] 35 [240] 75 [515]
Grades
Elongation Requirements
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse
Standard round specimen, or small proportional speci- 22 12 20 ... 22 14 16 ...
men, min % in 4 D
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 516 in. [7.94 30 16.5 28 18 30 20 22 ...
mm] and over, and for all small sizes tested in full
section; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm
A A A A A A A
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than ...
516 in [7.94 mm]; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm (12-in.

[12.7- mm] wide specimen)

A
For each 132 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 516 in. [7.94 mm], a deduction of 1.5 % (grades WPL6, WPL9, and WPL3) or 1.25 % (WPL8) for longitudinal
and 1.0 % (grades WPL6, WPL9 and WPL3) for transverse from the values shown above is permitted. The following table gives the minimum value for various wall
thicknesses:
Wall Thickness Grades
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
in [mm] Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse
(0.312)
5 16 [7.94] 30.0 16.5 28.0 18.0 30.0 20.0 22.0 ...
(0.281)
9 32 [7.14] 28.5 15.5 26.5 17.0 28.5 19.0 20.75 ...
(0.250)
14 [6.35] 27.0 14.5 25.0 16.0 27.0 18.0 19.5 ...
732 (0.219) [5.56] 25.5 ... 23.5 ... 25.5 ... 18.25 ...
316 (0.188) [4.76] 24.0 ... 22.0 ... 24.0 ... 17.0 ...
532 (0.156) [3.97] 22.5 ... 20.5 ... 22.5 ... 15.75 ...
18 (0.125) [3.17] 21.0 ... 19.0 ... 21.0 ... 14.5 ...
332 (0.094) [2.38] 19.5 ... 17.5 ... 19.5 ... 13.25 ...
116 (0.062) [1.59] 18.0 ... 16.0 ... 18.0 ... 12.0 ...

NoteThe preceding table gives the computed minimum elongation value for each 132 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between
two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:

Direction of Test Equations

WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Longitudinal E = 48t + 15.00 48t + 13.00 E = 48t + 15.00 40t + 9.50
Transverse t = 32t + 6.50 32t + 8.00 E = 32t + 10.00 ...

where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in.

the fitting and the representative sample thickness do not vary TABLE 4 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL6, WPL9, and
more than 14 in. [6 mm]. At least one tension test per heat of WPL3A
weld metal shall be made after heat treatment in the same Size of Specimen, Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch
manner as the base metal. Results need not be reported unless mm Value Required for Impact Value Without
Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One
Supplementary Requirement S51 of Specification A 960 is Three Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set)
specified. ftlbf J ftlbf J
9.3 Records of the tension tests shall be certification that the
10 by 10.0 13 17.6 10 13.6
material of the fitting meets the tensile requirements of this 10 by 7.5 10 13.6 8 10.8
specification. 10 by 5.0 7 9.5 5 7.0
10 by 2.5 4 5.4 3 4.1
10. Impact Test Properties A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
10.1 Properties:
10.1.1 The notched bar impact properties of the base metal mens equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted for a
and weld metal shall conform to the requirements of Table 4 or single specimen and the value for more than one specimen is
Table 5 for the applicable grade of material. below the required average value, or when the value for one
10.1.2 RetestWhen the average value of the three speci- specimen is below the minimum value permitted for a single

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TABLE 5 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL8 10.3.3 When testing welds, the notch of the specimen shall
Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch be in the welded joint and, where the diameter and wall
Size of Specimen, Value Required for Impact Value Without thickness permit, the longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be
mm Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One
Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set) transverse to the longitudinal axis of the weld. The axis of the
ftlbf J ftlbf J
notch shall be perpendicular to the surface.
10.4 Number of Tests:
10 by 10.0 25.0 33.9 20.0 27.1
10 by 7.5 21.0 28.5 17.0 23.1 10.4.1 A notched-bar impact test, consisting of breaking
10 by 5.0 17.0 23.1 14.0 19.0 three specimens shall be made. Each test shall represent only
10 by 2.5 8.0 10.8 6.0 8.1 such fittings from a heat that do not vary from the thickness of
the material from which the test specimens are taken by more
specimen, a retest of three additional specimens shall be made. than 14 in. [6 mm].
The value for each of these retest specimens shall equal or 10.4.2 When heat treatment is performed in furnaces not
exceed the required average value. When an erratic result is equipped with calibrated recording pyrometers, one impact test
caused by a defective specimen, or there is uncertainty in test shall be made for each heat in each heat-treatment load. Test
procedure, a retest shall be allowed. specimens shall be included with each furnace charge. If this
10.2 Procedures: heat treatment is conducted in continuous-type furnaces not
10.2.1 All material furnished under this specification shall equipped with calibrated recording pyrometers, then one test
be tested for impact resistance at the temperature for the per heat shall be conducted for each 5000 lb or 2550 kg (or
respective grade in Table 6. Exceptions to these requirements less) of product.
are permissible when agreed upon between the purchaser and 10.4.3 When heat treatment is performed in furnaces con-
producer and specified in the order, in that the impact test is trolled within a 50F [28C] range and equipped with cali-
acceptable when made at temperatures different from those brated recording pyrometers so that records of heat treatment
shown in Table 6, provided the test temperature is at least as are available, then one impact test from each heat is required,
low as the intended service temperature, and fittings are provided that all other heat treatments are conducted at the
suitably marked in accordance with Section 18 to identify the same temperatures and within the same 50F [28C] range as
reported test temperature. the furnace charge that contained the test specimens.
10.2.2 The notched-bar impact test shall be made in accor- 10.4.4 On fittings of welded construction, additional impact
dance with the procedure for the simple-beam, Charpy-type tests of the same number as required in 10.4.1 or 10.4.2 shall
test of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. Each impact test be made to test the weld metal.
shall consist of breaking three specimens. 10.4.5 Specimens showing defects while being machined or
10.3 Specimens: prior to testing shall be discarded, and replacements shall be
10.3.1 Notched-bar impact specimens shall be simple-beam, considered as original specimens.
Charpy-type A with a V-notch in accordance with Test Methods 10.5 Retreatment:
and Definitions A 370. Standard specimens 10 by 10 mm in 10.5.1 If the results of impact tests conducted in accordance
cross section shall be used unless the material to be tested is of with 10.4.2 and 10.4.3 fail to conform to the test requirements
insufficient thickness, in which case the largest obtainable specified in 10.1, that group of fittings shall be retreated and
standard subsize impact specimens shall be used. When the submitted for test. No group of fittings shall be retreated more
size or shape of the finished fittings is insufficient to permit than twice.
obtaining the smallest standard subsize impact specimens, an 11. Hydrostatic Tests
impact test by the fitting manufacturer will not be required. The
material from which the specimens are taken shall be heat 11.1 Hydrostatic testing of fittings is not required by this
treated with a furnace charge in accordance with 10.4.2 or specification.
10.4.3. Impact tests shall be made from either the raw material 11.2 All fittings shall be capable of withstanding without
from which the fittings are made or from a finished fitting at the failure, leakage, or impairment of their serviceability, a hydro-
option of the manufacturer. static test pressure equal to that prescribed for the specified
10.3.2 Test specimens shall be obtained so that the longitu- matching pipe of equivalent material.
dinal axis of the specimen is parallel to the longitudinal axis of 12. Dimensions
the fitting while the axis of the V shall be perpendicular to
the surface. On wall thickness over 1 in. [25 mm] the 12.1 Butt-welding fittings and butt-welding short-radius
specimens shall be obtained with their longitudinal axis located elbows and returns purchased in accordance with this specifi-
12 in. [13 mm] from the outer surface. cation shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances given in
the latest revision of ASME B16.9 and ASME B16.28, respec-
TABLE 6 Impact Test Temperature tively. Steel socket-welding and threaded fittings purchased in
Grade Impact Test Temperature, accordance with this specification shall conform to the sizes,
F [C] shapes, dimensions, and tolerances specified in the latest
WPL6 50 [45] revision of ASME B16.11.
WPL9 100 [75] 12.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these standards,
WPL3 150 [100]
WPL8 320 [195] but meeting all other requirements of the specification, shall be
furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58

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of Specification A 960 only by agreement with the purchaser. 17.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 8 (Table 1),
17.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 9 (Table 3) report
13. Surface Quality yield strength and ultimate strength in ksi [MPa] and elonga-
13.1 See Specification A 960. tion in percent,
13.2 Repair by Welding (Base Metal): 17.1.3 Impact test results, Section 10 (Table 4 and Table 5),
13.2.1 Repair welding, by the manufacturer, is permissible 17.1.4 Type heat treatment, Section 7,
for parts made to dimensional standards such as those of 17.1.5 Radiographic examination statement, Section 14, and
ASME or equivalent standards. 17.1.6 Any supplemental testing required by the purchase
13.2.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required to order.
weld repair special parts made to the purchasers dimensional 17.2 Certification shall state whether welds have been
requirements. examined radiographically or ultrasonically.
13.2.3 Welding shall be accomplished with a weld proce- 17.3 Letters of compliance and test results shall state the
dure designed to produce low hydrogen in the weldment. Short specification number, year of issue, revision letter (if any),
circuit gas metal arc welding is permissible only with the grade and class of the fittings.
approval of the purchaser.
18. Product Marking
13.2.4 The weld repair shall be permanently identified with
the welders stamp or symbol in accordance with Section IX of 18.1 All fittings shall have the prescribed information
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. marked on each fitting in accordance with MSS SP-25, latest
13.2.5 After weld repair, material shall be heat treated in revision.
accordance with 7.1. 18.1.1 Fittings shall be marked by any method which will
13.2.6 Tension and impact testing of representative depos- permanently identify the fittings and not result in sharp
ited weld metal for each heat shall meet the requirements of 9.2 discontinuities. Stamping, when used, shall be done with
and 10.1. blunt-nosed continuous or blunt-nosed interrupted dot stamps.
18.1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and pro-
14. Radiographic Examination ducer, and specified in the order, the markings shall be painted
14.1 All fusion-welded butt joints shall be radiographically or stenciled on the fitting or stamped on a metal or plastic tag
examined throughout the entire length in accordance with which shall be securely attached to the fitting.
Paragraph UW-51 of Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME 18.2 The prescribed information for butt-welding fittings
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Instead of radiographic shall be: the manufacturers name or trademark (see Note 1),
examination, welds made by the manufacturer may be ultra- material designation or grade, schedule number or nominal
sonically examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of Section wall thickness designation, and the heat number or manufac-
VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel turers heat identification. Fittings containing welds that have
Code. In general, radiography or ultrasonic examination shall been ultrasonically examined instead of radiography shall be
be performed after all forming operations have been com- marked U after heat identity.
pleted. Fittings made from fusion-welded pipe need not be NOTE 1For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is
radiographed if the pipe has been radiographed, provided the considered the organization that certifies the piping component complies
fitting forming process does not materially affect the weld. with this specification.
18.3 The prescribed information for threaded or socket
15. Inspection
welding fittings shall be: the manufacturers name or trade-
15.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of mark, material designation or grade, pressure class or schedule
manufacture, unless otherwise agreed to. number, and size.
15.2 Other tests, when required by agreement shall be made 18.4 When size does not permit complete marking, identi-
from materials of the lots covered in the order. fication marks shall be omitted in the reverse order of those
listed above and in accordance with MSS SP-25.
16. Rejection and Rehearing
18.5 The impact test temperature shall also be shown if it is
16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of different from the standard test temperature specified in Table
this specification shall be rejected. Rejection should be re- 6, for example: WPL-6-60 or WPL3-176.
ported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In 18.6 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 18.1,
case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.5, bar coding is acceptable as a
or supplier shall make claim for a rehearing. supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
16.2 Fittings that develop defects in shop working or specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
application operations shall be rejected. Upon rejection, the The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
manufacturer shall be notified promptly in writing. supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
17. Certification industry standards for bar coding. If used on small fittings, the
bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
17.1 When requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer tag.
shall provide a certificate of compliance to this specification. In
addition, if requested to provide test reports, the manufacturer 19. Keywords
shall also provide the following where applicable: 19.1 pipe fittings; piping applications; pressure containing

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parts; pressure vessel service; temperature service applications,
low

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the supplementary requirements appearing in Specification A 960 may be included
in the order or contract. When so included, a supplementary requirement shall have the same force as
if it were in the body of the specification. Supplementary requirement details not fully described shall
be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This section identifies the principal changes incorporated since A 420/A 420M01 was issued:

(1) Revised the Manganese range for WPL6 material in Table

1.

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