5 - Study of Automatic Traffic Signal System For Chandigarh PDF
5 - Study of Automatic Traffic Signal System For Chandigarh PDF
IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
STUDY OF AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM FOR CHANDIGARH
Ishant Sharma *, Dr. Pardeep K. Gupta
*
Civil Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology, India
Civil Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology, India
ABSTRACT
The increasing number of vehicles on our road intersections has given rise to the problems like road accidents,
congestions, conflicts and bottlenecks. These problems can now only be solved by providing an efficient traffic control
at intersections and that can be achieved by provision of automated volume based traffic signal system at intersections
for continuous and efficient movement of vehicles through the intersections
Chandigarh the city beautiful though a modern and well planned city, is also facing the same traffic problems.
Here, the present traffic signals are based on the static feed of time without considering the actual available traffic.
This leads to a situation where vehicles wait unnecessarily in one of the lanes while the traffic flow is not up to the
considerable amount in the other lane. This paper provides the feasibility of replacing existing traffic signals with a
system to monitor the traffic flow automatically in traffic signals where sensors are fixed in which the time feed is
made dynamic and automatic by processing the live detections.
The paper deals with the feasibility of provision of inductive loop detection based traffic signals in place of existing
pretimed traffic signals by comparing their performance, suitability and economics.
KEYWORDS: Traffic Control, Inductive loop Detector, PCU, Automatic Traffic Control, Intersection, Traffic Field
Studies.
image and after that to calculate the number of The figure 1 shows the existing layout of Transport
vehicles contorurs were drawn to have its threshold. Chowk Intersection and all the dimensions are in
Calculation of number of vehicles gave the density meters.
which was further used for allocating green time to the
traffic on the approach lane by using the Raspberry pi
as a microcontroller.
Karthick et al [10] (2012) proposed a system to analyse
the live video camera recordings to handle the traffic
automatically by allotting green time to the traffic by
calculating the number of vehicles which gives the
traffic density which acted as a input for the algorithm
which was in place for allocating optimal time for the
vehicles to pass the intersection.
Khiang Tan et al [12] (1996) developed a graphical
simulation windows software for the design and
implementation of an automatic traffic lights
controller by making use of fuzzy logic technology
and also compared the designed software results with Figure 1 Existing layout of Tansport Chowk Intersection
conventional lights controller in which the desgned
one was found to be superior in terms of performance Instruments/Gadgets Used
and cost. 1. Sony Handy Cam
Rekha & Karthika [15] (2013) presented a combination 2. Smartphones
of inductive loop sensors and fuzzy logic technology 3. Power Bank
in which inductive loop sensors were responsible for 4. Radar Gun
real-time traffic data and fuzzy logic technology was
responsible for the allotment of green time to the Methods Used:
traffic to clear off the intersection efficiently. This 1. Traffic Volume Study
method was proved to be very effective in handling the 2. Traffic Speed Studies
traffic
Rashid Hussain et al [16] (2013) proposed the concept
INTERSECTION
of Wireless sensor network technology have the real-
time traffic data at an intersection and then to allocate VOLUME
the timings to the traffic to clear off the intersection. COUNTS
This method was proced to be efficient as it didnt
required any built in system in vehicles for its
working.
Shilpa et al [19] (2009) worked on a new technique
Intelligent traffic light controller which was made
by making use of GSM services as it included
providing the information regarding traffic flow to
users by sending SMSs in addition to the sensors
provided on the intersection to allocate the timings to
clear off the intersection. This system was compared
with ficed traffic signals and found to be more
efficient. Figure 2 Location of Traffic Volume Counts
A video of the traffic at Transport Chowk shown in
INSTRUMENTS & METHODS figure 2 was recorded for the duration of continuous
Methodology 12 hours i.e. 8:00 AM to 8:00 PM in order to have the
In present study, firstly, Traffic field studies is used to entire day traffic data [17] and also to identify the peak
have the traffic volume and speed data of the Transport and off peak hours for the traffic flow.
Chowk Intersection which are used as input for the Traffic speed studies was done on the mid-block
redesign of pretimed traffic signals [8] by Websters section each approach lane of the junction by use of
and IRC method and also for the design of automatic Radar gun by taking 50 -100 observations [11] in the
traffic signals. input data.the variation in speed of traffic at all the four
legs is shown in figure 3,4,5 and 6.
same as taken in the pretimed signal design. Operating Where, A is the projected traffic volume, P is the
principle of these traffic signals include firstly volume count of the available year or current year,r is
allotment of green time for a minimum time which is the rate of growth of traffic per year usually taken as
independent of any detections of vehicles and will 0.075 [7] and n is number of years.
occur in each cycle. The minimum green may be taken The peak hour traffic is generally 8- 10% of the
according to the IRC recommendations or on the Average Daily Traffic (ADT), hence from the above
number of vehicles to be passed or can also be fixed table, by assuming 9 % the ADT may be taken as
by fixing the location of detector from stop line [14].The 78300 PCU/Day.
automatic signals designed in this study are based on
point detection. So minimum green time is given by: Capacity of Intersection
Gmin = t L + [h integer (dx)] (2) By making use of the formula given below the
capacity of a lane for the both pretimed and automatic
Where,Gmin = minimum green time in second, tL = traffic signals can be computed as, [3]
assumed start-up lost time = 4 sec, h = assumed g
ci = si Ci (4)
saturation headway = 2 sec, d = distance between
detector & stop line in m and x = assumed distance Where ci is the capacity of lane in vehicle per hour, si
between stored vehicles = 6 m. is the saturation flow rate in vehicle per hour per lane,
Secondly, Unit Extension time is given to the phase if gi is the effective green time alloted to the lane in
any vehicle is detected by the detector.it is also know seconds and C is the cycle time in seconds.
as passage time i.e. time required by the vehicle to By combining the capacity of all the approach lanes
cross the distance between detector and stop line and we get the capacity of intersection.
is given by:
P = (d/S) (3) Level of Service
Where, P = passage time, sec, d = distance from By making use of the capacity of each approach lane
detector to stop line, meter and S = approach speed of intersection level of service for each lane is calculated
vehicles, m/s. (15th Percentile speed) by dividing the present traffic volume by the capacity
Thirdly, the minimum green time is extended to the and LOS can be read from the figure 12. [11]
maximum green time which is found out by increasing
the cycle length obtained in pretimed signal operation
by 150 percent.
Figure 11 shows the opeating principle of an automatic
traffic signal.
CONCLUSION
Figure 14 Phase diagram for Automatic traffic signals It can be concluded that the by replacing the pretimed
traffic signals with the automatic traffic signals,
Figure 14 shows the phase diagram for automatic capacity is being increased and LOS is also being
traffic signals and gives the designed cycle length, improved.Detector technology to be used for the
minimu green time, maximum green time and amber detection of vehicles is Inductive loop which is
time of all the phases. All the figures are in seconds. commonly used and simple to install, operate and
maintain. When pretimed traffic signals fail to clear
Table 3. Comparison of Pretimed and Automatic off the intersection traffic police have to clear off the
Traffic Signals intersection by turning off the traffic signals and
handling the traffic manually on their own. This
Approach Pretimed Automatic problem can be solved by placing automatic traffic
Lane Signals Signals signals. As automatic signals are saving the wasted
time and increasing the capacity the expensive part can
Capacity LOS Capacity LOS
be tolerated and hence they can be provided at
PCU/hr PCU/hr Intersection. After 3 years Websters method of signal
design fails to design the signal for the traffic as the
From PGI 2516 F 2651 E value of Y comes greater than 1. So at this situation
automatic traffic signals comes into play as they will
From 1116 E 1182 D be detecting real-time traffic and assigning the green
Grain time for the approach lanes to clear off the traffic.
Market
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
From 1755 F 1835 F We are grateful to the project co-ordinator, HOD and
Housing staff of mechanical engineering department, PEC
Board University of Technology, Chandigarh for giving us
the opportunity to work on this project and for guiding
us throughout our research work. We are also thankful Malaysian Journal of Computer Science,
to SSP Traffic Police Department, Chandiagrh for volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 29-35.
providing the permissions and facilities necessary for [13] N.P.T.E.L. (nptel.ac.in/courses/105101008)
completion of our research work. Special thanks to our
Design principles of traffic Signal Chapter
family and friends for supporting us throughout our
work. 34, Traffic Engg. Management, April 02,
2012.
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AUTHOR BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ishant Sharma
M.Tech Scholar in Tranportation
Engineering
PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh