SPECIFICATION FOR ALLOY STEEL BOLTING

MATERIALS FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE SERVICE

SA-320 /SA-320M

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 320 /A 320M-94a (Reapproved 1995)E1.)

1. Scope 1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered
in Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting mate-
rials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings 1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2 and S3) of
for low-temperature service. The term bolting material an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only
as used in this specification covers rolled, forged, or when specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud
bolts. The bars shall be hot-wrought. The material may 1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-
be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order
drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution specifies the applicable M specification designation
annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-
pound units.
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or
and austenitic steels designated L7, B8 etc. Selection SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The me- values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
chanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters therefore, each system must be used independently of
for which the minimum mechanical properties apply the other. Combining values from the two systems may
to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates result in nonconformance with the specification.
the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption.
The manufacturer should determine that the material
can conform to these requirements before parts are
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is speci- 2. Referenced Documents
fied to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at 150F
[101C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a 2.1 ASTM Standards:
steel with lower P and S contents than might normally A 29 /A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and
be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Re-
are likely to be required. quirements for
A 194 /A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Tempera-
NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has included
several grades of material that have been rather extensively used ture Service
for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for A 276 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes Bars and Shapes
apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades
mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
mechanical properties are obtainable. ing of Steel Products

491
SA-320 /SA-320M 1998 SECTION II

A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for basic oxygen process shall be limited to steels containing
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products not over 6% chromium.
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials 4.2 DiscardA sufficient discard shall be made
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sort- to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue
ing of Ferrous Metals segregation.
F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
4.3 Heat Treatment:
2.2 American National Standards Institute Standards: 4.3.1 The bolting material shall be allowed to cool
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws to room temperature after rolling or forging. Grades
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L7M, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72,
B18.22.1 Plain Washers and L73 shall be reheated to above the upper critical
temperature and liquid quenched and tempered. Grades
2.3 AIAG Standard:
B8, B8C, B8M, B8T, B8F, B8P, B8LN, and B8MLN
AIAG B-5 0200 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
shall receive a carbide solution treatment. Products
cation Standard
made from such material are described as Class 1.
This shall consist of holding the material for a sufficient
time at a temperature at which the chromium carbide
3. Ordering Information
will go into solution and then cooling in air or in a liquid
3.1 The inquiry and order for material under this medium at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of
specification shall include the following as required to the carbide. Material thus treated is described as Class
describe the material adequately: 1. If specified in the purchase order, material shall be
solution treated in the finished condition; material so
3.1.1 Specification designation latest issue, and
treated is described as Class 1A.
analysis by grade as selected from Table 3,
3.1.2 Heat-treated condition (that is, for the austen- 4.3.2 When increased mechanical properties are
itic stainless steels, solution treated (Class 1); solution desired, the austenitic bolting materials shall be solution
treated after finishing (Class 1A), and annealed- and annealed and strain hardened if specified in the purchase
strain-hardened (Class 2)), order; material so treated is identified as Class 2.

3.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces or weight), 4.3.3 If scale-free bright finish is required, this
shall be specified in the purchase order.
3.1.4 Description of items required (bars, bolts,
screws, or studs), 4.3.4 For L7M bolting, the final heat treatment,
which may be the tempering or stress-relieving operation
3.1.5 Dimensions (diameter, length of point, overall
conducted at 1150F [620C] minimum, shall be done
length, finish, shape, and threads),
after machining or rolling of the threads.
3.1.6 Nuts and washers, if required by purchaser,
in accordance with Section 9.
3.1.7 End use,
5. Chemical Composition
3.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any, and 5.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel
3.1.9 Special requirements, in accordance with shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the
4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.3.3, 7.3, 10.1, 11.1, and 14.1. percentages of the elements specified in Table 3. This
analysis shall be made from a test ingot taken during
the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus
4. Materials and Manufacture determined shall be reported to the purchaser or the
purchasers representative, and shall conform to the
4.1 ProcessThe steel shall be produced by any of requirements prescribed in Table 3.
the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic-
oxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting 5.2 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by
(VIM). The primary melting may incorporate separate the purchaser from samples representing the bolting
degassing or refining. The molten steel may be vacuum- material. The chemical composition thus determined
treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot. The shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3.

492
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-320 /SA-320M

5.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element parts of Annex A3, Steel Fasteners, applicable to
for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel machined tests specimens.
conforms to the requirements of another grade for
which that element is a specified element. Furthermore, 6.2 Impact Properties:
elements present in concentrations greater than 0.75 6.2.1 Requirements:
weight/percent shall be reported. Chemical analysis 6.2.1.1 Material of Grades L7, L7A, L7B, L7C,
shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods L7M, L43, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall show a
A 751. minimum impact energy absorption of 20 ft lbf [27
J] and of Grade L1 a minimum impact energy absorption
of 40 ft lbf [54 J] at the test temperature when tested
6. Mechanical Requirements by the procedure specified in the applicable portions
of Sections 19 to 23 of Test Methods and Definitions
6.1 Tensile Properties: A 370. The temperature of the coolant used for chilling
6.1.1 The material shall conform to the require- the test specimens shall be controlled within 63F
ments as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 1 at [1.5C]. Impact tests are not required for carbide solution
room temperature after heat treatment (see 4.3.1). treated or strain hardened Grades B8, B8F, B8P, B8M,
B8T, B8LN and B8MLN for temperatures above 325F
6.1.2 Number of Tests:
[200C]; for carbide solution treated Grades B8, B8P,
6.1.2.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test B8C, and B8LN above 425F [255C]; for all ferritic
and one impact test consisting of three specimens shall and austenitic steel grades of bolting 12 in. [12.5 mm]
be made for each diameter of each heat represented and smaller in diameter. All other material furnished
in each tempering charge. In the continuous type treat- under this specification shall be tested. Test temperatures
ment, a charge shall be defined as 6000 lb [2700 kg]. for ferritic grades are listed in Table 4. Exceptions to
6.1.2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension this requirement are permissible, and the impact tests
test and one set of three impact specimens shall be may be made at specified temperatures different than
made for each diameter of each heat involved in the those shown in Table 4, provided the test temperature
lot. Each lot shall consist of the following: is at least as low as the intended service temperature
and the bolting is suitably marked to identify the
Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size, lb [kg] reported test temperature. When impact testing is re-
118 [30] and under 1500 [680] or fraction thereof quired for austenitic grades, test criteria shall be agreed
Over 118 [30] to 134 [45], incl 4500 [2040] or fraction thereof upon between the supplier and purchaser.
Over 134 [45] to 212 [65], incl 6000 [2700] or fraction thereof
Over 212 [65] 100 pieces or fraction thereof
6.2.1.2 The impact test requirements for standard
and subsize Charpy test specimens are prescribed in
6.1.2.3 Tension and impact tests are not required Table 2.
to be made on bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts
which are fabricated from heat-treated bars furnished 6.2.2 Number of Tests:
in accordance with the requirements of this specification 6.2.2.1 The test requirements for heat-treated
and tested in accordance with 6.1.2.1, provided they bars are given in 6.1.2.1.
are not given a subsequent heat treatment.
6.2.2.2 For test requirements on studs, bolts,
6.1.3 Test SpecimensTension test specimens screws, etc., see 6.1.2.2 and 6.1.2.3.
taken from finished bolts, screws, studs, or stud bolts
shall be machined to the form and dimensions and 6.2.2.3 Impact tests are not required to be made
shall be taken from positions shown in Annex A3 on on heat-treated bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts
Steel Fasteners, paragraph A3.2.1.7 of Test Methods 1 in. [12.5 mm] and under in diameter.
2
and Definitions A 370. Tension test specimens from
bar stock are covered by Test Methods and Definitions 6.2.3 Test Specimens:
A 370 in Annex A1, Steel Bar Products.
6.2.3.1 The impact test specimen shall have the
6.1.4 Test MethodTension tests shall be made form and dimensions shown in Fig. 10 of Test Methods
in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A and Definitions A 370 for the Charpy V-notch specimen,
370 including speed of testing in the section on Testing Type A. The notch shall be located on the test specimen
Apparatus and Operations, on speed of testing, and the surface which most closely approaches a radial direction.

493
SA-320 /SA-320M 1998 SECTION II

The base of the notch shall be as nearly as practicable 7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
perpendicular to the surface of the bar.
7.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be
pointed and shall have a workmanlike finish. Points
6.2.3.2 For sections 1 in. [25 mm] or less in shall be flat and chamfered or rounded at option of
diameter, test specimens shall be taken at the axis; for the manufacturer. Length of points on studs and stud
sections over 1 in. [25 mm] in diameter, midway bolts shall be not less than one nor more than two
between the axis and the surface. complete threads as measured from the extreme end
parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts
shall be measured from first thread to first thread.
6.3 Hardness Requirements:
6.3.1 The hardness shall conform to the require- 7.2 Standard permissible variations for dimensions
ments prescribed in Table 1 with testing performed in of bars shall be as prescribed in Table 5. Aside from
accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. the tolerances given in Table 5, additional tolerances
for the basic materials are given in Specifications A
29 /A 29M and A 276.
6.3.2 The maximum hardness of Grade L7M shall
be 235 HB or 99 HRB (conversion in accordance with 7.3 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the
Table 2B of Test Methods and Definitions A 370). dimensions of ANSI B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified
Minimum hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series
93 HRB. Conformance to this hardness shall be ensured should be used, except the maximum body diameter
by testing the hardness of each stud or bolt by Brinell and radius of fillet may be the same as for the Heavy
or Rockwell B methods as described in the sections Hex Bolt Series. Socket-head fasteners shall be in
on Brinell Test, Portable Hardness Test, and Rockwell accordance with ANSI B18.3.
Test of Test Methods and Definitions A 370.

6.3.2.1 The use of 100% electromagnetic testing 8. Retests

for hardness as an alternative to 100% indentation 8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test
hardness testing is permissible when qualified by sam- lot do not conform to the requirements specified, the
pling using indentation hardness testing. Each lot tested manufacturer may retreat such lot not more than twice,
for hardness electromagnetically shall be 100% exam- in which case two additional tension tests and one
ined in accordance with Practice E 566. Following additional impact test consisting of three specimens
electromagnetic testing for hardness, a random sample shall be made from such lot, all of which shall conform
of a minimum of 100 pieces in each purchase lot (as to the requirements specified.
defined in 6.1.2.2) shall be tested by indentation hard-
ness methods. All samples must meet hardness require-
ments to permit acceptance of the lot. If any one 9. Nuts and Washers
sample is outside of the specified maximum or minimum
hardness, the lot shall be rejected and either reprocessed 9.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades L7, L7A,
and resampled, or tested 100% by indentation hardness L7B, L7C, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be
methods. equipped with ferritic alloy nuts conforming to Grade
4 or Grade 7 of Specification A 194 /A 194M or a
grade of steel similar to the studs. Grade 7M nuts at
6.3.2.2 In the event a controversy exists relative a hardness not exceeding 235 HB (or equivalent) shall
to minimum strength, tension tests shall prevail over be used with Grade L7M bolts, studs, and stud bolts.
hardness readings. Products which have been tested All nut materials, including those which may be supplied
and found acceptable shall have a line under the grade under Specification A 194 /A 194M, shall be subject
symbol. to the impact requirements of this specification in the
following manner: impact tests shall be made on test
specimens taken from the bar or plate from the heat
6.3.2.3 Surface preparation for indentation hard-
of steel used for manufacturing the nuts, and heat
ness testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods
treated with the nut blanks.
E 18. Hardness tests shall be performed on the end
of the bolt or stud. When this is impractical, the 9.2 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts of Grades B8, B8C,
hardness test shall be performed elsewhere. B8T, B8P, B8F, B8M, B8LN, and B8MLN shall be

494
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-320 /SA-320M

equipped with austenitic alloy nuts conforming to 12. Rejection and Rehearing
Grades 8, 8C, 8T, 8F, 8M, 8LN, and 8MLN for
12.1 Rejection:
Specification A 194 /A 194M. Impact tests are not
required for Grades 8F, 8M, 8T, and 8MLN for tempera- 12.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the order, any
tures above 325F [200C] and for Grades 8, 8P, rejection based on tests made in accordance with 5.2
8C, and 8LN above 425F [255C]. shall be reported to the manufacturer within 30 days
from the receipt of samples by the purchaser.
9.3 If the purchaser requires nuts with a Charpy
impact energy absorption of not less than 20 ft lbf 12.1.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to
[27 J] at temperatures below 150F [100C], he may its acceptance at the manufacturers works shall be
require that the nuts conform to Grades 8, 8C, 8M, rejected, and the manufacturer shall be notified.
8P, 8T, 8F, 8LN, or 8MLN of Specification A 194 /A 12.2 RehearingSamples tested in accordance with
194M. 5.2 that represent rejected material shall be preserved
9.4 Washers for use with ferritic steel bolting shall for 2 weeks from the date of the test report. In case
conform to Specification F 436. of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the
manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within
9.5 Washers for use with austenitic steel bolting that time.
shall be made of austenitic steel as agreed upon between
the manufacturer and purchaser.
9.6 Washer dimensions shall be in accordance with 13. Certification
requirements of ANSI B18.22.1, unless otherwise speci-
13.1 When agreed upon in writing between the
fied in the purchase order.
manufacturer and the purchaser, a certification that the
material conforms to the requirements of this specifica-
tion shall be the basis of acceptance of the material.
10. Threads Otherwise, the manufacturer shall report to the purchaser
or the purchasers representative the results of the
10.1 All alloy steel bolts, studs, and stud bolts, unless
chemical analyses and mechanical tests made in accord-
otherwise specified, shall be threaded in accordance
ance with the specification. The specification designation
with ANSI B1.1, Class 2A fit, sizes 1 in. [25 mm]
included on test reports shall include year of issue and
and smaller in diameter with the Coarse Thread Series,
revision letter, if any.
and 118 in. [29 mm] and larger in diameter with the
8 Pitch Thread Series.
10.2 Where practical, all threads shall be formed
14. Product Marking
after heat treatment. Class 1A, Grades B8A, B8CA,
B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA 14.1 Grade and manufacturers symbols shall be
are to be solution-treated in the finished condition. applied to one end of studs 38 in. [10 mm] in diameter
and larger and to the heads of bolts 14 in. [6 mm] in
diameter and larger. (If the available area is inadequate,
the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the
11. Inspection
manufacturers identification symbol marked on the
11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall other end.) The identification symbol shall be as shown
have free entry, at all times while work on the contract in Table 3. In the case of Class 2, Grades B8, B8C,
of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of B8M, B8P, B8F, and B8T strain hardened as provided
the manufacturers works that concern the manufacture in Table 1, a line shall be stamped under the grade
of the material ordered. The manufacturer shall afford symbol in order to distinguish it from Class 1 and
the inspector all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that Class 1A bolting which has not been strain hardened.
the material is being furnished in accordance with this In the case of Class 1A, the marking B8A, B8CA,
specification. All tests (except product analysis) and B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, and B8MLNA
inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture identifies the material as being in the solution-treated
prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall condition in the finished state. Grade L7M which
be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with has been 100% evaluated in conformance with this
the operation of the works. specification shall have a line under the grade symbol

495
SA-320 /SA-320M 1998 SECTION II

to distinguish it from L7M produced to previous revi-

sions not requiring 100% hardness testing.
14.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars,
that are furnished bundled and tagged or boxed, the
tags and boxes shall carry the grade symbol for the
material identification and the manufacturers identifica-
tion mark or name.
14.3 Nuts from materials that have been impact
tested shall be marked with the letter L.
14.4 For purposes of identification marking, the
manufacturer is considered the organization that certifies
the fastener was manufactured, sampled, tested, and
inspected in accordance with the specification and the
results have been determined to meet the requirements
of this specification.
14.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements
in 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, and 14.4, bar coding is acceptable
as a supplementary identification method. Bar coding
should be consistent with AIAG Standard B-5 02.00.
If used on small items, the bar code may be applied
to the box or a substantially applied tag.

15. Keywords
15.1 additional elements; austenitic stainless steel;
boltssteel; chromium-molybdenum steel; fasteners
steel; markings on fittings; nickel-chromium-molybde-
num alloy steel; pressure vessel service; stainless steel
bolting material; starting material; steel barsalloy;
steel bolting material; steel flanges; steel valves; temper-
ature service applicationslow

496
 TABLE 1
MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation

Strength, min, ksi in 2 in. Reduction
min, ksi [MPa] (0.2% or 50 of Area, Hardness
Class and Grade, Diameter, in [mm] Heat Treatment [MPa] offset) mm min, % min, % max

Ferritic Steels
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L70, L71, L72, L73 125 105 16 50 ...
212 [65] and under quenched and tempered [860] [725]
L43 125 105 16 50 ...
4 [100] and under quenched and tempered [860] [725]
L7M 100 80 18 50 235 HB B or
99 HRB
212 [65] and under quenched and tempered at 1150F [690] [550]
[620C], min
L1 125 105 16 50 ...
1[25] and under quenched and tempered [860] [725]
Austenitic Steels A
Class 1: B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, B8F, B8T, carbide solution treated 75 30 35 50 223 HB D or
B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters [515] [205] 96 HRB
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, carbide solution treated in the 75 30 35 50 192 HB or 90
B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, all finished condition [515] [205] HRB
diameters

497
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8F, B8T: carbide solution treated and strain
hardened
3 [20] and under 125 100 12 35 321 HB or 35
4
[860] [690] HRC
over 3
4 to 1 [20 to 25], incl 115 80 15 30 321 HB or 35
[795] [550] HRC
over 1 to 114 [25 to 32], incl 105 65 20 35 321 HB or 35
[725] [450] HRC
over 114 to 112 [32 to 40], incl 100 50 28 45 321 HB or 35
[690] [345] HRC
Class 2: B8M: carbide solution treated and strain
hardened
PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

3 [20] and under 110 95 15 45 321 HB or 35

4
[760] [655] HRC
over 34 to 1 [20 to 25], incl 100 80 20 45 321 HB or 35
[690] [550] HRC
over 1 to 114 [25 to 32], incl 95 65 25 45 321 HB or 35
[655] [450] HRC
over 114 to 112 [32 to 40], incl 90 50 30 45 321 HB or 35
[620] [345] HRC
A These upper diameter limits were established on the basis that these were the largest sizes commonly available that consistently met specification property limits. They are not intended as absolute limits beyond

which bolting materials could no longer be certified to the specification.

B To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall not be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB.
C Class 1 products are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products are solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance, heat treatment is critical for enhancing this physical property and

meeting the mechanical property requirements. Class 2 products are made from solution-treated material that has been strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties
throughout the cross section, particularly in sizes over 34 in. [20 mm] in diameter.
D For sizes 3 in. [20 mm] in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
4
SA-320 /SA-320M
SA-320 /SA-320M 1998 SECTION II

TABLE 2
IMPACT ENERGY ABSORPTION REQUIREMENTS

Minimum Impact Value Minimum Impact Value

Require for Average of Permitted for One
Size of Specimen, Each Set of Three Specimen Only of a Set,
mm Specimens, ft lbf [J] ft lbf [J]

All Grades Except L1 A

10 by 10 20 [27] 15 [20]
10 by 7.5 16 [22] 12 [16]

Grade L1
10 by 10 40 [54] 30 [41]
10 by 7.5 32 [44] 24 [32]
A See 6.2.1.1 for permitted exemptions.

498
 TABLE 3
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, %)A

Ferritic
Type Steels
Identification
Symbol L7, L7M, L70 L7A, L71 L7B, L72 L7C, L73 L43 L1
Chromium-Molybdenum Carbon- Chromium- Nickel-Chromium- Nickel-Chromium-
(AISI 4140, 4142, or Molybdenum Molybdenum Molybdenum (AISI Molybdenum (AISI
4145) (AISI 4037) (AISI 4137) 8740) 4340) Low-Carbon Boron
Grade
Product Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation, Variation,
% % % % % %
Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
Under B Under B Under B Under B Under B Under B
Carbon 0.380.48 C 0.02 0.350.40 0.02 0.350.40 0.02 0.380.43 0.02 0.380.43 0.02 0.170.24 0.01
Manganese 0.751.00 0.04 0.700.90 0.03 0.700.90 0.03 0.751.00 0.04 0.600.85 0.03 0.701.40 0.04
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over 0.050 0.005 over
Silicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02

499
Nickel ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.400.70 0.03 1652.00 0.05 ... ...
Chromium 0.801.10 0.05 ... ... 0.801.10 0.05 0.400.60 0.03 0.700.90 0.03 ... ...
Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.200.30 0.02 0.150.25 0.02 0.200.30 0.02 0.200.30 0.02 ... ...
Boron ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.0010.003 ...
Type Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D
Identification
Symbol B8, B8A B8C, B8CA

Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 304) Stabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 347)

Product Variation, Product Variation,

PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

Range, % % Range, % %
Grade Over or Under B Over or Under B
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.010.5 0.15 9.013.0 0.15
Chromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20
Columbium + tantalum ... ... 10 carbon content, min 0.05 under
SA-320 /SA-320M
 TABLE 3 (CONTD)
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS (COMPOSITION, %) A

Type Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D

Identification
Symbol B8T, B8TA B8P, B8PA B8F, B8FA B8M, B8MA
SA-320 /SA-320M

Unstabilized 18
Chromium-8
Stabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel (AISI Type 305 with With Added Sulfur With Added Selenium 18 Chromium-10 Nickel-2
Nickel (AISI Type 321) restricted carbon) (Type 303) (Type 303 Se) Molybdenum (AISI Type 316)
Grade
Product Product Product Product Product
Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, % Variation, %
Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, % Range, %
Over or Over or Over or Over or Over or
Under B Under B Under B Under B Under B
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.15 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.20 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.030, max 0.005 over 0.15, min 0.020 0.06, max 0.010 over 0.030, max 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05
Nickel 9.012.0 0.15 10.513.0 0.15 8.010.0 0.10 8.010.0 0.10 10.014.0 0.15
Chromium 17.019.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.003.00 0.10
Selenium ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.150.35 0.03 under ... ...
Titanium 5 carbon content, 0.05 under ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
min

500
Type Austenitic Steels, Classes 1, 1A, and 2 D
Identification
Symbol B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNA
1998 SECTION II

Unstabilized 18 Chromium-8 Nickel with Nitrogen Unstabilized 18 Chromium-10 Nickel-2 Molybdenum with
(AISI Type 304N with restricted carbon) Nitrogen (AISI Type 316N with restricted carbon)

Product Variation, % Product Variation, %

Range, % Range, %
Grade Over or Under B Over or Under B
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Nickel 8.010.5 0.15 10.014.0 0.15
Chromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20
Molybdenum ... ... 2.003.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01
A The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted except for Grade B8F, in which selenium is specified and required.
B Product analysis individual, determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual element in a heat
may not vary both above and below the specified range.
C For the L7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28% is permitted provided that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 413OH
is allowed.
D Class 1 are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products (B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, and B8TA) are solution-treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are
solution-treated and strain-hardened.
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-320 /SA-320M

TABLE 4
RECOMMENDED TEST TEMPERATURE FOR STOCK
PARTS

Test Temperature

Grade F C
L7M, L70, L71, L72, L73 100 73
L7, L7A, L7B, L7C 150 101
L43 150 101
L1 100 73

TABLE 5
PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN SIZE OF HOT-ROLLED BARS

Permissible Variations from

Specified Size Out-of-Round

Over Under
Specified Size,
in. [mm] in. mm in. mm in. mm
5
16 [8] and under 0.005 0.13 0.005 0.13 0.008 0.20
Over 516 to 716 [11], incl 0.006 0.15 0.006 0.15 0.009 0.23
Over 716 to 58 [16], incl 0.007 0.18 0.007 0.18 0.010 0.25
Over 58 to 78 [22], incl 0.008 0.20 0.008 0.20 0.012 0.30
Over 78 to 1 [25], incl 0.009 0.23 0.009 0.23 0.013 0.33
Over 1 to 118 [29], incl 0.010 0.25 0.010 0.25 0.015 0.38
Over 118 to 114 [32], incl 0.011 0.28 0.011 0.28 0.016 0.41
Over 114 to 138 [35], incl 0.012 0.30 0.012 0.30 0.018 0.46
Over 138 to 112 [38], incl 0.014 0.36 0.014 0.36 0.021 0.53
Over 112 to 2 [50], incl 1
64 0.40 1
64 0.40 0.023 0.58
Over 2 to 212 [65.0], incl 1
32 0.79 0 0 0.023 0.58

501
SA-320 /SA-320M 1998 SECTION II

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Impact Properties mm] in diameter and for 14 in. [6 mm] studs requiring
more than a total of three symbols, the marking shall
S1.1 When impact properties are desired for austenitic
be a matter of agreement between the purchaser and
steel grades exempt from testing under 6.2.1, test shall
manufacturer.
be made as agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser.
S3. Lateral Expansion
S3.1 When lateral expansion measurements for ferritic
S2. Marking steels are required in addition to the energy absorption
requirements of 6.2.1.1, the minimum value for each
S2.1 Grade and manufacturers identification symbols specimen of a set must be .015 in. [0.38 mm]. The
shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads test temperature shall be specified by the purchaser
of bolts of all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, and agreed upon by the producer.
the grade symbol may be marked on one end and the
NOTE S1Grades L7, L7A, L7B will generally have difficulty
manufacturers identification symbol marked on the meeting the minimum value at 150F [101C]. Grade L43 may
other end.) For bolts and studs smaller than 14 in. [6 be preferred.

502
 PART A FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-320 /SA-320M

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1.1 STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC hardening is achieved predominantly near the surface
STEELS of the bar. That is, the smaller the bar, the greater the
penetration of strain hardening.
X1.1 Stain hardening is the increase in strength and
hardness that results from plastic deformation below X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given
the recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect strain hardened fastener are dependent not just on the
is produced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing alloy, but also on the size of bar from which it is
oversized bars or wire to the desired final size by cold machined. The minimum bar size that can be used,
drawing or other process. The degree of strain hardening however, is established by the configuration of the
achievable in any alloy is limited by its strain hardening fastener, so that the configuration can affect the strength
characteristics. In addition, the amount of strain harden- of the fastener.
ing that can be produced is further limited by the X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and
variables of the process, such as the total amount of size may be machined from a smaller diameter bar
cross-section reduction, die angle and bar size. In large than a bolt of the same alloy and size because a larger
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will diameter bar is required to accommodate the head of
occur principally in the outer regions of the bar, so the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely to be stronger
that the increased strength and hardness due to strain than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

503