Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Astm A325 PDF
Astm A325 PDF
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
1.1 This specification2 covers two types of quenched and if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
tempered steel heavy hex structural bolts having a minimum of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
tensile strength of 120 ksi for sizes 1.0 in. and less and 105 ksi practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
for sizes over 1.0 to 112 in., inclusive. tions prior to use.
1.2 The bolts are intended for use in structural connections. 2. Referenced Documents
These connections are covered under the requirements of the
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 2.1 ASTM Standards: 4
Bolts, approved by the Research Council on Structural Con- A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
nections, endorsed by the American Institute of Steel Construc- Iron and Steel Hardware
tion and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.3 A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
1.3 The bolts are furnished in sizes 12 to 112 in., inclusive. Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
They are designated by type, denoting chemical composition as Service, or Both
follows: A 449 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Steel
Type Description
Bolts and Studs
A 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
Type 1 Medium carbon, carbon boron, or medium carbon alloy steel.
Type 2 Withdrawn in November 1991.
A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
Type 3 Weathering steel. A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
NOTE 1Bolts for general applications, including anchor bolts, are
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
covered by Specification A 449. Also refer to Specification A 449 for B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically
quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs with diameters greater than Deposited on Iron and Steel
112 in. but with similar mechanical properties. D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
NOTE 2A complete metric companion to Specification A 325 has F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
been developedSpecification A 325M; therefore, no metric equivalents F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
are presented in this specification.
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
1.4 This specification is applicable to heavy hex structural Washers, and Rivets
bolts only. For bolts of other configurations and thread lengths F 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities of
with similar mechanical properties, see Specification A 449. Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
1.5 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi- F 959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
nology F 1789. Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners
1.6 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the F 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-
test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This cal Properties and Performance Inspection
F 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
1
G 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
Nuts, Rivets, and Washers.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originally
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 325 04a. 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cation SA-325 in Section II of that Code. Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
3
Published by American Institute of Steel Construction,One East Wacker Dr., the ASTM website.
Ste. 3100, Chicago, IL 60601-2001.
1
A 325 04b
2.2 ASME Standards:5 3.3 Recommended Washers:
B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads 3.3.1 Washers conforming to Specification F 436 are the
B 18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications recommended washers for use with Specification A 325 heavy
B 18.24.1 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System hex structural bolts. The washers shall have a surface finish for
each type of bolt as follows:
3. Ordering Information
Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish
3.1 Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-
fication shall include the following: 1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)
3.1.1 Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories). 1, zinc coated zinc coated
3.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch, 3, plain weathering steel, plain
and bolt length.
3.4 Other Accessories:
3.1.3 Name of product, heavy hex structural bolts.
3.1.4 When bolts threaded full length are required, Supple- 3.4.1 When compressible washer type direct tension indica-
mentary Requirement S1 shall be specified. tors are specified to be used with these bolts, they shall
3.1.5 Type of bolt: Type 1 or 3. When type is not specified, conform to Specification F 959 Type 325.
either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the suppliers
option. 4. Materials and Manufacture
3.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue. 4.1 Heat Treatment:
3.1.7 Other components such as nuts, washers, and com- 4.1.1 Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel shall
pressible washer-type direct-tension indicators, if required. be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizing
3.1.7.1 When such other components are specified to be temperature. Type 1 bolts produced from medium carbon steel
furnished, also state Nuts, washers, and direct tension indica- to which chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or born were inten-
tors, or combination thereof, shall be furnished by lot number. tionally added shall be quenched only in oil from the austen-
3.1.8 Zinc CoatingSpecify the zinc coating process re- itizing temperature.
quired, for example, hot dip, mechanically deposited, or no 4.1.2 Type 3 bolts shall be quenched only in oil from the
preference (see 4.3). austenitizing temperature.
3.1.9 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, if
4.1.3 Type 1 bolts, regardless of the steel used, and Type 3
required.
bolts shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800F.
3.1.10 Test reports, if required (see Section 13).
3.1.11 Supplementary or special requirements, if required. 4.2 ThreadingThreads shall be cut or rolled.
3.1.12 For establishment of a part identifying system, see 4.3 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:
ASME B18.24.1. 4.3.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-
chaser shall specify the zinc coating process, for example, hot
NOTE 3A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces 118-7
UNC in. dia 3 4 in. long heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1 ASTM
dip, mechanically deposited, or no preference.
A 32502, each with one hardened washer, ASTM F 436 Type 1, and one 4.3.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall be
heavy hex nut, ASTM A 563 Grade DH. Each component hot-dip zinc-coated by the hot-dip process and the coating shall
zinc-coated. Nuts lubricated. conform to the coating weight/thickness and performance
3.2 Recommended Nuts: requirements of Class C of Specification A 153/A 153M.
3.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of Specification 4.3.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-
A 563 are the recommended nuts for use with Specification ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical deposition process
A 325 heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the class and the coating shall conform to the coating weight/thickness
and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows: and performance requirements of Class 50 of Specification
Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish B 695.
4.3.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier shall
1, plain (noncoated) A 563-C, C 3, D, DH, DH3, furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with
plain Specification A 153/A 153M, Class C, or a mechanically
1, zinc coated A 563-DH, zinc coated
3, plain A 563-C3, DH3, plain
deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B 695,
Class 50. Threaded components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated
3.2.2 Alternatively, nuts conforming to Specification A 194/ by the same zinc-coating process and the suppliers option is
A 194M Gr. 2H are considered a suitable substitute for use limited to one process per item with no mixed processes in a
with Specification A 325 Type 1 heavy hex structural bolts. lot.
3.2.3 When Specification A 194/A 194M Gr. 2H zinc- 4.4 LubricationWhen zinc-coated nuts are ordered with
coated nuts are supplied, the zinc coating, overtapping, lubri- the bolts, the nuts shall be lubricated in accordance with
cation, and rotational capacity testing shall be in accordance Specification A 563, Supplementary Requirement S1, to mini-
with Specification A 563. mize galling.
4.5 Secondary Processing:
5
Available from ASME International, Information Central, 22 Law Dr., PO Box 4.5.1 If any processing, which can affect the mechanical
2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300 properties or performance of the bolts, is performed after the
2
A 325 04b
initial testing, the bolts shall be retested for all specified 5.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel and shall conform
mechanical properties and performance requirements affected to one of the chemical compositions specified in Table 2. The
by the reprocessing. selection of the chemical composition, A, B, C, D, E, or F, shall
4.5.2 When the secondary process is heat treatment, the be at the option of the bolt manufacturer. See Guide G 101 for
bolts shall be tested for all specified mechanical properties. Hot methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of
dip zinc-coated bolts shall be tested for all specified mechani- low alloy steels.
cal properties and rotational capacity. If zinc-coated nuts are 5.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representing
relubricated after the initial rotational capacity tests, the each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirements
assemblies shall be retested for rotational capacity. specified in Table 1 and Table 2, as applicable.
5.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or
5. Chemical Composition lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for
5.1 Type 1 bolts shall be plain carbon steel, carbon boron bolts.
steel, alloy steel or alloy boron steel at the manufacturers 5.5 Compliance with 5.4 shall be based on certification that
option, conforming to the chemical composition specified in heats of steel having any of the listed elements intentionally
Table 1. added were not used to produce the bolts.
5.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Bolts with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751.
3
A 325 04b
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 Heavy Hex Structural BoltsA
Composition, %
Type 3 BoltsA
Element A B C D E F
Carbon:
Heat analysis 0.330.40 0.380.48 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.200.25 0.200.25
Product analysis 0.310.42 0.360.50 0.140.26 0.140.26 0.180.27 0.190.26
Manganese:
Heat analysis 0.901.20 0.700.90 0.801.35 0.401.20 0.601.00 0.901.20
Product analysis 0.861.24 0.670.93 0.761.39 0.361.24 0.561.04 0.861.24
Phosphorus:
Heat analysis 0.035 max 0.060.12 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Product analysis 0.040 max 0.060.125 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
Sulfur:
Heat analysis 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.040 max
Product analysis 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max 0.045 max
Silicon:
Heat analysis 0.150.35 0.300.50 0.150.35 0.250.50 0.150.35 0.150.35
Product analysis 0.130.37 0.250.55 0.130.37 0.200.55 0.130.37 0.130.37
Copper:
Heat analysis 0.250.45 0.200.40 0.200.50 0.300.50 0.300.60 0.200.40
Product analysis 0.220.48 0.170.43 0.170.53 0.270.53 0.270.63 0.170.43
Nickel:
Heat analysis 0.250.45 0.500.80 0.250.50 0.500.80 0.300.60 0.200.40
Product analysis 0.220.48 0.470.83 0.220.53 0.470.83 0.270.63 0.170.43
Chromium:
Heat analysis 0.450.65 0.500.75 0.300.50 0.501.00 0.600.90 0.450.65
Product analysis 0.420.68 0.470.83 0.270.53 0.451.05 0.550.95 0.420.68
Vanadium:
B B B B B
Heat analysis 0.020 min
B B B B B
Product analysis 0.010 min
Molybdenum:
B B B B
Heat analysis 0.06 max 0.10 max
B B B B
Product analysis 0.07 max 0.11 max
Titanium:
B B B B B
Heat analysis 0.05 max
B B B B B
Product analysis 0.06 max
A
A, B, C, D, E, and F are classes of material used for Type 3 bolts. Selection of a class shall be at the option of the bolt manufacturer.
B
These elements are not specified or required.
TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Bolts 6.3.3.2 Inability to remove the nut after installing to the
Bolt Length,
Brinell Rockwell C rotation specified in Table 6.
Bolt Size, in. in. Min Max Min Max 6.3.3.3 Shear failure of the threads as determined by visual
12 to 1, incl Less than 253 319 25 34 examination of bolt and nut threads following removal.
2D A
2D and ... 319 ... 34
6.3.3.4 Torsional or torsional/tension failure of the bolt.
over Elongation of the bolt, in the threads between the nut and bolt
118 to 112 , Less than 223 286 19 30 head, is to be expected at the required rotation and is not to be
incl 3D A
3D and ... 286 ... 30 classified as a failure.
over
A
Sizes 1.00 in. and smaller having a length shorter than 2D and sizes larger 7. Dimensions
than 1.00 in. having a length shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and
maximum hardness. 7.1 Head and Body:
D = Nominal diameter or thread size. 7.1.1 The bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavy
hex structural bolts specified in ANSI/ASME B18.2.6.
6.3.3 Acceptance CriterionThe bolt and nut assembly 7.1.2 The thread length shall not be changed except as
shall be considered as non-conforming if the assembly fails to provided in Supplementary Requirement S1. Bolts with thread
pass any one of the following specified requirements: lengths other than those required by this specification shall be
6.3.3.1 Inability to install the assembly to the nut rotation in ordered under Specification A 449.
Table 6. 7.2 Threads:
4
A 325 04b
TABLE 4 Tensile Load Requirements for Full-Size Bolts 7.2.3 The gaging limit for bolts shall be verified during
Proof Load,B Alternative manufacture. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of
Length Proof the same size as the oversize limit in 7.2.2 (Class X tolerance,
Bolt Size, Threads per Measure- Load,B Yield
Inch, and Series Stress Area,A Tensile Load,B ment Strength gage tolerance plus) shall be used to verify compliance. The
Designation in.2 min, lbf Method Method gage shall assemble with hand effort following application of
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 light machine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gage.
12 13 UNC 0.142 17 050 12 050 13 050 These inspections, when performed to resolve controversy,
58 11 UNC 0.226 27 100 19 200 20 800 shall be conducted at the frequency specified in the quality
34 10 UNC 0.334 40 100 28 400 30 700
78 9 UNC 0.462 55 450 39 250 42 500
assurance provisions of ASME B18.2.6.
5
A 325 04b
TABLE 5 Tensile Strength Requirements for Specimens Machined from Bolts
Bolt Diameter, in. Tensile Strength, min, psi (MPa) Yield Strength, min, psi (MPa) Elongation, in 4D, min, % Reduction of Area, min, %
to 1, incl.
12 120 000 (825) 92 000 (635) 14 35
Over 1 to 112 105 000 (725) 81 000 (560) 1435
TABLE 6 Rotational Capacity Test for Zinc-Coated Bolts specified proof load. After initial tightening, the nut position
Nominal Nut Rotation, degrees shall be marked relative to the bolt, and the rotation shown in
Bolt Length, in. (turn) Table 6 shall be applied. During rotation, the bolt head shall be
Up to and including 4 3 dia 240 (23) restrained from turning. After the tightening rotation has been
Over 4 3 dia, but not 360 (1)
exceeding 8 3 dia applied, the assembly shall be taken apart and examined for
Over 8 3 dia, but not 420 (116) compliance with 6.3.3.
exceeding 12 3 dia
Over 12 3 dia. Test not applicable NOTE 5Rotational capacity tests shall apply only to matched assem-
bly lots that contain on A 325 bolt, one A 563 lubricated nut, and one
F 436 washer that have been zinc coated in accordance with either
Specifications A 153/A 153M or B 695. Both the bolt and nut components
9.5 Number of TestsThe minimum number of tests from of the matched assembly shall be zinc coated using the same process.
each lot for the tests specified below shall be as follows:
Tests Number of Tests
11. Inspection
in Accordance With 11.1 If the inspection described in 11.2 is required by the
purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or
Hardness, tensile order.
strength, proof load, Guide F 1470 11.2 The purchasers representative shall have free entry to
and rotational capacity
all parts of the manufacturers works, or suppliers place of
Coating weight/ The referenced coating business, that concern the manufacture or supply of the
thickness specificationA material ordered. The manufacturer or supplier shall afford the
Surface discontinuities Specification F 788/ purchasers representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy
F 788M him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification. All tests and inspections required by the specifi-
Dimensions and ASME B18.2.6
thread fit cation that are requested by the purchasers representative shall
A
be made before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to
Guide F 1470 applies if the coating specification does not specify a testing
frequency. interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the manufactur-
ers works or suppliers place of business.
10. Test Methods
10.1 Tensile, Proof Load, and Hardness: 12. Rejection and Rehearing
10.1.1 Tensile, proof load, and hardness tests shall be 12.1 Disposition of nonconforming bolts shall be in accor-
conducted in accordance with Test Methods F 606. dance with the Guide F 1470 section titled Disposition of
10.1.2 Tensile strength shall be determined using the Wedge Nonconforming Lots.
or Axial Tension Testing Method of Full Size Product Method
or the Machined Test Specimens Method depending on size 13. Certification
and length as specified in 6.2.1-6.2.4. Fracture on full-size tests 13.1 When specified on the purchase order, the manufac-
shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without a fracture at turer or supplier, whichever is the responsible party as defined
the junction of the head and body. in Section 14, shall furnish the purchaser a test reports that
10.1.3 Proof load shall be determined using Method 1, includes the following:
Length Measurement, or Method 2, Yield Strength, at the 13.1.1 Heat analysis, heat number, and a statement certify-
option of the manufacturer. ing that heats having the elements listed in 5.4 intentionally
10.2 Rotational CapacityThe zinc-coated bolt shall be added were not used to produce the bolts,
placed in a steel joint or tension measuring device and 13.1.2 Results of hardness, tensile, and proof load tests,
assembled with a zinc-coated washer and a zinc-coated and 13.1.3 Results of rotational capacity tests. This shall include
lubricated nut with which the bolt is intended to be used (see the test method used (solid plate or tension measuring device);
Note 5). The nut shall have been provided with the lubricant and the statement Nuts lubricated for zinc-coated nuts when
described in the last paragraph of the Manufacturing Processes shipped with zinc-coated bolts,
section of Specification A 563. The joint shall be one or more 13.1.4 Zinc coating measured coating weight/thickness for
flat structural steel plates or fixture stack up with a total coated bolts,
thickness, including the washer, such that 3 to 5 full threads of 13.1.5 Statement of compliance of visual inspection for
the bolt are located between the bearing surfaces of the bolt surface discontinuities (Section 8),
head and nut. The hole in the joint shall have the same nominal 13.1.6 Statement of compliance with dimensional and
diameter as the hole in the washer. The initial tightening of the thread fit requirements,
nut shall produce a load in the bolt not less than 10 % of the 13.1.7 Lot number and purchase order number,
6
A 325 04b
13.1.8 Complete mailing address of responsible party, and cations shall preferably be in different locations and, when on
13.1.9 Title and signature of the individual assigned certi- the same level, shall be separated by at least two spaces.
fication responsibility by the company officers.
13.2 Failure to include all the required information on the 16. Packaging and Package Marking
test report shall be cause for rejection. 16.1 Packaging:
16.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
14. Responsibility accordance with Practice D 3951.
14.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the 16.1.2 When zinc coated nuts are included on the same
organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser. order as zinc coated bolts, the bolts and nuts shall be shipped
in the same container.
15. Product Marking 16.1.3 When special packaging requirements are required,
15.1 Manufacturers IdentificationAll Type 1 and 3 bolts they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to 16.2 Package Marking:
identify the manufacturer or private label distributor, as appro- 16.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
priate. with the following information:
15.2 Grade Identification: 16.2.1.1 ASTM designation and type,
15.2.1 Type 1 bolts shall be marked A 325. 16.2.1.2 Size,
15.2.2 Type 3 bolts shall be marked A 325 with the 16.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
A 325 underlined. The use of additional distinguishing 16.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
marks to indicate that the bolts are weathering steel shall be at 16.2.1.5 Lot number; when nuts, washers or direct tension
the manufacturers option. indicators, or combination thereof, are ordered with A 325
15.3 Marking Location and MethodsAll marking shall be heavy hex structural bolts, the shipping unit shall be marked
located on the top of the bolt head and shall be either raised or with the lot number in addition to the marking required by the
depressed at the manufacturers option. applicable product specification,
15.4 Acceptance CriteriaBolts which are not marked in 16.2.1.6 Purchase order number, and
accordance with these provisions shall be considered noncon- 16.2.1.7 Country of origin.
forming and subject to rejection.
15.5 Type and manufacturers or private label distributors 17. Keywords
identification shall be separate and distinct. The two identifi- 17.1 bolts; carbon steel; steel; structural; weathering steel
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing between
the manufacturer and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement
of the specification itself.
S1. Bolts Threaded Full Length hand as far as the thread will permit, shall not exceed the length
S1.1 Bolts with nominal lengths equal to or shorter than of 212 threads for bolt sizes 1 in. and smaller, and 312 threads
four times the nominal bolt diameter shall be threaded full for bolt sizes larger than 1 in.
length. Bolts need not have a shoulder, and the distance from S1.2 Bolts shall be marked in accordance with Section 15,
the underhead bearing surface to the first complete (full form) except that the symbol shall be A 325 T instead of A 325.
thread, as measured with a GO thread ring gage, assembled by
7
A 325 04b
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, A 32504a, that may
impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2004.)
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, A 32504, that may impact
the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2004.)
(1) Made reference to 6.3.3 for the RCT acceptance criteria in (2) Revised Section 14, Responsibility.
10.2.
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, A 32502, that may impact
the use of this standard. (Approved Jan. 1, 2004.)
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).