CH4 90%

CO2
C2H6 7.5%
H2O
C3H8 1.25%
N2
C4H10 1.25%

N2 79%

O2 21%

Asumsi : - basis perhitungan 1 jam

- Steady state

-excess O2 20%

- mol input 5689.0768 mol/jam

Persamaan reaksi stokhiometri :

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

5120.1691 mol 10240.3382 mol 5120.1691 mol 10240.3382 mol

C2H6 + 3.5O2 2CO2 + 3H2O

420.6808 mol 1493.3827mol 853.3615 mol 1280.0423 mol

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

71.1135 mol 355.5673 mol 213.3404 mol 284.4538 mol

C4H10 + 6.5O2 4CO2 + 5H2O

71.1135 mol 462.2375 mol 284.4538 mol 355.5673 mol

Menghitung komposisi gas hasil keluaran (udara panas)

n=( 5120.1691+853.3615+ 213.3404+284.4538 ) mol CO 2+ ( 10240.3382+1280.0423+284.4538+355.5673 ) mo

n=6471.3248 mol CO 2+12160.4016 mol H 2 O+56661.1730 mol N 2

n=75292.8995mol /jam

komposisi udara panas

6471.3248 mol CO 2
CO 2= =8.6
75292.8995 mol total

12160.4016 mol H 2O
H 2 O= =16.15
75292.8995 mol total

56661.1730 mol N 2
N 2= =75.25
75292.8995 mol total

Excess O2 20%

mol oksigen input=( 10240.3382+1493.3827+355.5673+ 462.2375 ) x 1.2 mol

mol oksigen input=15061.8308 mol / jam

Menghitung laju alir udara

 100
mol udara= x 15061.8308 mol/ jam
21

mol udara=71723.0038 mol/ jam

Mr komponen
CH4 16 g/mol
C2H6 30 g/mol
C3H8 44 g/mol
C4H10 58 g/mol
O2 32 g/mol
N2 28 g/mol
H2O 18 g/mol
CO2 44 g/mol

massa
mol=
Mr

massa=mol x Mr

Perhitungan neraca massa

Massa input

- CH4

massa=mol x Mr CH 4

g
massa=5120.1691 mol x 16
mol

massa=81922.7058 g

- C2H6

massa=mol x Mr C 2 H 6
 g
massa=420.6808 mol x 30
mol

massa=12800.4228 g

- C3H8

massa=mol x Mr C 3 H 8

g
massa=71.1135 mol x 44
mol

massa=3128.9922 g

- C4H10

massa=mol x Mr C 4 H 10

g
massa=71.1135 mol x 58
mol

massa=4124.5807 g

- N2

massa=mol x Mr N 2

g
massa=56661.1730 mol x 28
mol

massa=1586512.8445 g

- O2
 massa=mol x Mr O 2

massa=7326.907 mol x 32 g /mol

massa=481978.5857 g

Massa output

- N2

massa=mol x Mr N 2

g
massa=56661.1730 mol x 28
mol

massa=1586512.8445 g

- O2

massa=mol x Mr O 2

g
massa=2510.3051mol x 32
mol

massa=80329.7623 g

- CO2

massa=mol x Mr CO 2
 g
massa=6471.3248mol x 44
mol

massa=284738.2934 g

- H2O

massa=mol x Mr H 2O

g
massa=12160.4016 mol x 18
mol

massa=21887.2295 g

Tabel neraca massa

komponen input output

81922.705
CH4 8 gram -
12800.422
C2H6 8 gram -
C3H8 3128.9922 gram -
C4H10 4124.5807 gram -
481978.58 80329.764
O2 57 gram 3 gram
1586512.8 1586512.8
N2 445 gram 445 gram
284738.29
CO2 - 34 gram
218887.22
H20 - 95 gram
2170468.1 2170468.1
akumulasi 316 gram 316 gram

Kapasitas Panas Gas, Cpg = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4 (J/mol.K)

Komponen A B C D E
 29.
O2 9 -0.0114 4.3E-05 -4E-08 1.01E-11
29.
N2 4 -0.003 5.5E-05 5.1E-09 -4.25E-12
CO2 19 0.0796 -7E-05 3.8E-08 -8.13E-12
H2O 3.4 -0.0097 3.3E-05 -2E-08 4.3E-12
38.
CH4 4 -0.0237 0.00029 -3E-07 8.01E-11
33.
C2H6 8 -0.0155 0.00038 -4E-07 1.39E-10
47.
C3H8 3 -0.131 0.00117 -2E-06 8.19E-10
66.
C4H10 7 -0.186 0.00153 2.2E-06 1.05E-09

Komponen Hr (J/mol)
CH4 -78451.68
C2H6 -84684.0665
C3H8 -103846.765
C4H10 -126147.461
CO2 -393504.766
H2O -241834.933
O2 0

a. Menghitung panas reaksi pembakaran gas alam (Hr)

Reaksi pembakaran gas alam

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

C2H6 + 3.5O2 2CO2 + 3H2O

C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

C4H10 + 6.5O2 4CO2 + 5H2O

 1. Panas reaksi pembakaran CH4

CpgCO2
( +2 Cpl H 2 O Cpg CH 4 2CpgO 2 ) dT
303

Hr( 1) (30 C )= Hr +

(1)
298

n CH4 = 5120.1691 mol

Hr(1)= HrCO 2+ 2 Hr H 2 O HrCH 42 Hr O 2

Hr(1)=393504.7656+2 x (241834.933 )(78451.68 )2 x (0)

Hr(1)=798722.9516 J /mol

95.99
(+2 x 16.88191.722 x 149.36)dT
303
Hr (1) ( 30 C )=798722.9516+
298

J
Hr (1) ( 30 C )=799083.6326
mol

2. Panas reaksi pembakaran C2H6

2Cpg CO 2
( +3 Cpl H 2O Cpg C 2 H 63.5 Cpg O 2 )dT
303

Hr( 2) (30 C)= Hr +

(2)
298

n C2H6 = 426.6808 mol


Hr(2)=2 Hr CO2 +3 Hr H 2 O HrC 2 H 6 3.5 HrO 2

Hr(2)=2 x (393504.7656)+3 x (241834.933 ) 84684.06653.5 x(0)

J
Hr(2)=1427830.264
mol

2 x 95.99
(+3 x 16.88168.823.5 x 149.36) dT
303
Hr (2) ( 30 C )=1427839.264+
298

J
Hr (2) ( 30 C )=1428279.217
mol

3. Panas reaksi pembakaran C3H8

3 Cpg CO2
( +4 Cpl H 2O CpgC 3 H 85 CpgO 2 )dT
303

Hr (3) (30 C)= Hr +

(3 )
298

n C3H8 = 71.1135 mol

Hr(3)=3 HrCO 2+ 4 Hr H 2 O HrC 3 H 85 HrO 2

Hr(3)=3 x (393504.7656 )+ 4 x (241834.933 ) 103846.76545 x (0)

J
Hr(3)=2044007.263
mol
 3 26307504.7656

3 x 95.99
(+ 4 x 16.88234.915 x 149.36)dT
303
Hr (+33 ranC 3 H 8 ropana ) ( 30 C )=2044007.263+
298

J
Hr (3) ( 30 C )=2044633.472
mol

4. Panas reaksi pembakaran C4H10

4 CpgCO 2
( +5 Cpl H 2O Cpg C 4 H10 6.5CpgO 2)dT
303

Hr( 4 )( 30 C)= Hr +

(4)
298

n C4H10 = 71.1135 mol

Hr(4 )=4 HrCO 2 +5 HrH 2O Hr C 4 H 10 6.5 HrO 2

Hr(4 )=4 x (393504.7656 ) +5 x (241834.933 ) 126147.46076.5 x (0)

J
Hr(4 )=2657046.267
mol

4 26307504.7656

4 x 95.99
(+5 x 16.88331.246.5 x 149.36)dT
303
Hr (+33 ranC 3 H 8 ropana ) ( 30 C )=2657046.267+
298

J
Hr (4 ) ( 30 C )=2657879.79
mol
 5. Panas reaksi total

4 4

r i Hr i ( T )= r i Hr i ( 30 C )
i=4 i=4

n CH 4 x Hr (1 ) ( 30 C )+ n C 2 H 6 x Hr( 2) ( 30 C ) +n C 3 H 8 x Hr (3 ) ( 30 C ) +n C 4 H 10 x Hr( 4 ) ( 30 C )

( (
5120.1691 mol X 799083.6326
J
mol )) ( (
+ 426.6808 mol X 1428279.217
J
mol )) (
+ 71.1135 mol X 2044633 (
5034296125 J

b. Menghitung panas input

- CH4

303
QCH 4 =n CH 4 x CpgCH 4 dT
298

J
QCH 4 =5120.1691mol x 191.72
mol

QCH 4 =981617.4904 J

- C2H6

303
QC 2 H 6=n C 2 H 6 x CpgC 2 H 6 dT
298
 J
QC 2 H 6=426.6808 mol x 168.82
mol

QC 2 H 6=72033.0539 J

- C3H8

303
QC 3 H 8=nC 3 H 8 x CpgC 3 H 8 dT
298

J
QC 3 H 8=71.1135 mol x 234.91
mol

QC 3 H 8=16705.3329 J

- C4H10

303
QC 4 H 10=nC 4 H 10 x CpgC 4 H 10 dT
298

J
QC 4 H 10=71.1135 mol x 331.24
mol

QC 4 H 10=23555.5579 J

- N2
 303
QN 2=n N 2 x Cpg N 2dT
298

J
QN 2=56661.1730 mol x 146.96
mol

QN 2=8327189.2703 J

- O2

303
QO 2=n O 2 x Cpg O 2dT
298

J
QO 2=15061.8308 mol x 149.36
mol

QO 2=2249624.5439 J

c. Menghitung panas keluar

- N2

1334
QN 2=n N 2 x Cpg N 2dT
298

J
QN 2=56661.1730 mol x 70987.507
mol

QN 2=4020445685.8126 J
 - O2

1334
QO 2=n O 2 x Cpg O 2dT
298

J
QO 2=2510.3051 mol x 34597.5352
mol

QO 2=86826735.3381 J

- CO2

1334
QCO2 =n CO 2 x Cpg CO 2 dT
298

J
QCO2 =6471.3248 mol x 52040.0127
mol

QCO2 =336671035.7809 J

- H2O

1334 373
Q H 2 O=n H 2 O x
(298
Cpg H 2 O dT + H VL + Cpl H 2 O dT
298
)
 J
QH 2 O=12160.4016mol x ( 8781.9531+40631.4 +16.88 )
mol

QH 2 O=602023393.0686 J
Tabel neraca energi

komponen input (J) output(J)

CH4 981617.4904 -
C2H6 72033.0539 -
C3H8 16705.3329 -
C4H10 23555.5579 -
8327189.270 4020445685.8
N2 3 126
2249624.543 86826735.338
O2 9 1
336671035.78
CO2 - 09
602023393.06
H2O - 86
sub total 5034296125 -
jumlah 5045966850 5045966850

Menghitung daya blower

mol udara=71723.0038 mol/ jam

 PV =n R T

Keterangan :

P = tekanan, 1 atm

R= nilai tetapan gas ideal, 0.082 atm L/mol K

T = suhu, K

n = mol gas input

n RT
V=
P

L
71723 mol x 0.082 atm x 303 K
mol K
V=
1atm

V = 1782030 L/jam x 1 jam/ 3600 detik

V = 495 L/s

P1 V1 = P2 V2

1 atm x 495 L = 2 atm x V2

V2 = 495 L atm/2 atm

V2 = 247.5 L/s

V2 = 247.5 L/s x 1 m3/1000 L

V2 = 0.2475 m3/s
V2 = 0.2475 m3/s x 1 ft3/(0.3048 m)3 x 60 detik/1 menit

V2 = 519 ft3/menit

Menentukan

Daya blower

Daya(P) = 1.57 x 10-4 . Qu . Pop (Perrys 7ed)

Keterangan :

Qu = laju alir volumetric udara, 519 ft3/menit

Pop = 5 in H2O

Maka daya teoritis blower adalah :

Pteoritis = 1.57.10-4 x 519 x 5

= 0.41 hp

Efisiensi blower = 40% - 80% (Perrys 7ed)

Diambil nilai efisiensi 80%, maka daya actual blower adalah :

Paktual = Pteoritis/

= 0.41/0.8

= 0.51 hp

Alat Blower
Fungsi Mengalirkan udara
Tipe Centrifugal blower
Kapasitas 519 ft3/menit
Power motor 0.51 hp
Harga $210-260

Menghitung kecepatan dalam pipa pada blower

V = 519 ft3/menit

Q = v/A

Q = v/(1/4 D2)

519 ft3/menit = v/

Storage vessel ( tempat penyimpanan gas alam)

Asumsi :

- gas ideal

PV = nRT

Keterangan :

R= nilai tetapan gas ideal, 0.082 atm L/mol K

T = suhu, K

n = mol input gas alam, 5689.0768 mol/jam

n RT
V=
P
 atm
5689.0768 mol x 0.082 L x 303 K
mol K
V=
197 atm

V = 717.517 L

Lama penyimpanan pada pressure vessel adalah 30 hari ( 720 jam ) :

V = 717.517 L/jam x 720 jam

V = 516612.1 L

Volume safety 20% = 516612.1 L*1.2

= 619934.5 L x 1 m3/1000 L

=619.934 m3

Volume = 4/3 x x R3

4
619.934 m3= x 3.14 x R3
3

3
R 3= x 619.934 m3
4 x 3.14

R=5.29 m

kecepatan gas alam dalam pipa

P1V2 = P1V2

197 atm x 619.934 L = 2 atm x V2

V2 = 61063.5 L/jam x 1 jam/3600 detik

V2 = 16.96 L/s (digunakan regulator untuk mengatur tekanan pada 2 atm)

Tebal pressure vessel

Spec no. yang digunakan :

SA-283 Grade A

Allowable stress : 110 MPa

D
t=P
4

101 kPa
197 atm x x 5.29 m x 2
1 atm
t=
1000 kPa
4 x 110 MPa x
1 MPa

t = 0.478 m