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    Mass Balance

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    mahmoud
    This document describes the process steps in a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant. It details: 1) The feed streams entering the plant including natural gas and water. 2) Reactions in the pre-reformer, auto-thermal reactor, and Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the natural gas to syngas and then liquid fuels. 3) Separation steps including a water separator to remove water from the syngas and a CO2 absorber to remove carbon dioxide. 4) The final product of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is hydrocarbon chains that are further processed through distillation and hydrocracking to produce the main liquid fuels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mass Balance

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud
    85 views7 pages
    This document describes the process steps in a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant. It details: 1) The feed streams entering the plant including natural gas and water. 2) Reactions in the pre-reformer, auto-thermal reactor, and Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the natural gas to syngas and then liquid fuels. 3) Separation steps including a water separator to remove water from the syngas and a CO2 absorber to remove carbon dioxide. 4) The final product of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is hydrocarbon chains that are further processed through distillation and hydrocracking to produce the main liquid fuels.

    Original Description:

    mass balance for hydrogen production by SMR unit

    Original Title

    mass balance

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    This document describes the process steps in a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant. It details: 1) The feed streams entering the plant including natural gas and water. 2) Reactions in the pre-reformer, auto-thermal reactor, and Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the natural gas to syngas and then liquid fuels. 3) Separation steps including a water separator to remove water from the syngas and a CO2 absorber to remove carbon dioxide. 4) The final product of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is hydrocarbon chains that are further processed through distillation and hydrocracking to produce the main liquid fuels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views7 pages

    Mass Balance

    Uploaded by

    mahmoud
    This document describes the process steps in a gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant. It details: 1) The feed streams entering the plant including natural gas and water. 2) Reactions in the pre-reformer, auto-thermal reactor, and Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the natural gas to syngas and then liquid fuels. 3) Separation steps including a water separator to remove water from the syngas and a CO2 absorber to remove carbon dioxide. 4) The final product of the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is hydrocarbon chains that are further processed through distillation and hydrocracking to produce the main liquid fuels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    14

    2.1. Feed flow rate


    NG = 8195 kmol/hr
    CH4: 95.5%= 7826.225,,, C2H6: 3%= 245.85,,, C3H8: 0.5%= 40.975
    C4H10: 0.4%= 32.78,,, N2: 0.6%= 49.17
    H2O = 6025 kmol/hr ,,, O2 = 6149.32 kmol/hr

    2.2. Pre-reformer

    C2H6 2H2O → 5H2 2CO


    245.85 491.7 1229.25 491.7

    C3H8 3H2O → 7H2 3CO


    40.975 122.925 286.825 122.925

    C4H10 4H2O → 9H2 4CO


    32.78 131.12 295.02 131.12

    Equilibrium reactions:-
    CO 3H2 → CH4 H2O 100% conv.
    372.87 1118.617 372.87 372.87
    CO H2O → CO2 H2 84% conv.
    372.87 372.87 372.87 372.87
    313.21 313.21 313.21 313.21

    15
    The reformer outlet: kmol/hr

    CO H2 H2O N2 CH4 CO2


    59.66 1005.688 5338.915 49.17 8199.095 313.21

    2.3. Auto Thermal Reactor (ATR)

    CH4 1.5O2 → CO 2H2O 100% conv.


    4099.5475 6149.32 4099.5475 8199.095

    CH4 H2O → CO 3H2 70% conv.


    4099.5475 4099.5475 4099.5475 12298.641
    2869.6832 2869.6832 2869.6832 8609.049

    CO H2O → CO2 H2 70% conv.


    2869.6832 2869.6832 2869.6832 2869.6832
    2008.77 2008.77 2008.77 2008.77

    The ATR outlet:- kmol/hr

    CO H2 H2O N2 CH4 CO2


    5020.1207 11623.507 8659.55 49.17 1229.8643 2321.98

    H2/CO = 2.315

    16
    2.4. Water separator
    Inlet Temp. = 50 C ,,,,, Pressure = 20 atm
    Antoine constant for water:
    A = 8.07131 ,,,,, B = 1730.63 ,,,,, C = 233.426

    Log P* = A - P*: mmHg ,,, T: c

    P* = 92.299 mmHg

    Y Pt = X P* Y: % H2O in vap ,,,, X: % H2O in liq

    Y (20*760) = 1 * 92.299
    Y= .006
    nt = 20244.642 kmol/hr nt : total no. of mole without water

    = .006

    n in vap = 122.2 kmol/hr


    n in liq = 8537.35 kmol/hr

    17
    Amount of CO2 soluble in water
    Solubility of CO2 in water at 50C = 0.0761 gm/100cm3
    m H2O = 8537.35*1000*18 = 153672300 gm

    ρ= ,,, ρ = 0.990 gm/cm3

    V = 155224545.5 cm3
    0.0761 gm → 100 cm3
    118125.8791 gm → 155224545.5 cm3
    no. of CO2 mol soluble in water = 118.1258 / 44 = 2.68 kmol/hr
    no. of CO2 mol in vap = 2319.3 kmol/hr

    Water separator outlet


    Top: kmol/hr
    CO H2 H2O N2 CH4 CO2
    5020.1207 11623.507 122.2 49.17 1229.8643 2319.3

    Bottom: kmol/hr
    H2O CO2
    8537.35 2.68

    18
    2.5. CO2 absorber
    Remove CO2 by Methyl diethanolamine (MDEA)
    Solubility of CO2 in MDEA:
    0.6 mol CO2 / 1 mol MDEA
    Optimal removal of CO2 is 77.8%
    CO2 remove = 0.778*2319.3=1804.415 kmol/hr
    CO2 remain = 514.8864 kmol/hr

    amount of MDEA uses:


    0.6 mol CO2 → 1 mol MDEA
    1804.415 kmol CO2 → 3007.358 kmol MDEA

    Fig 2.1. Relation between CO2 removal and amount of production

    19
    2.6. F-T reactor
    Feed of reactor:- kmol/hr
    CO H2 H2O N2 CH4 CO2
    5020.1207 11623.507 122.2 49.17 1229.8643 514.8864

    CO= 5020.1207 ,,,,, H2= 11623.507 ,,,,, H2O= 122.2 ,,,,, N2= 49.17
    CH4= 1229.8643 ,,,,, CO2= 514.8864

    The main reaction occur is


    nCO 2nH2 → (-CH2-)n nH2O 90% conv.
    5020.1207 10040.2414 5020.1207 5020.1207
    4518.108 9036.217 4518.108 4518.108

    The product of F-T reactor is (-CH2-)n is divided to :


    C3H8 ,,, C26H54 ,,, C19H40 ,,, C9H20 and then uses distillation and
    hydrocracking to reach the main product of GTL.

    20

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