ASTM F2516-Standard-Test-Method-for-Tension-Testing-of-Nickel-Titanium-Superelastic-Materials PDF
ASTM F2516-Standard-Test-Method-for-Tension-Testing-of-Nickel-Titanium-Superelastic-Materials PDF
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1 NOTEReferenced Documents were updated editorially in April 2008.
2 NOTEA heading in Table 1 was editorially corrected in September 2008.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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and the strain at a stress of 7.0 MPa during loading.
8.1.8 The uniform elongation shall be determined by elon-
gation when the maximum force is reached just prior to
necking or fracture, or both.
9. Report
9.1 The report shall include the following information,
FIG. 1 Terms Illustrated on Typical Stress-Strain Diagram of unless otherwise specified:
Superelastic Nitinol
9.1.1 Material and sample identification,
9.1.2 Specimen type,
9.1.3 Upper plateau strength,
7. Test Specimen
9.1.4 Lower plateau strength,
7.1 Test specimens are as described in Test Methods E 8.
9.1.5 Residual elongation,
9.1.6 Tensile strength,
8. Procedure
9.1.7 Uniform elongation,
8.1 Procedure shall be per Test Methods E 8 with the 9.1.8 Test temperature,
following additions:
9.1.9 Strain determination method (extensometer or cross-
8.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the test
head),
shall be 22.0C. Tolerance shall be 62.0C.
9.1.10 Crosshead speed, and
8.1.2 Free-running crosshead speed shall be limited per
Table 1. 9.1.11 Gage length (length of reduced section or distance
8.1.3 The test shall consist of zeroing the force transducer, between grips for specimens not having reduced sections).
gripping the specimen, pulling the specimen to 6 % strain, 3
reversing the motion to unload the specimen to less than 7 10. Precision and Bias
MPa, and then pulling the specimen to failure. 10.1 An interlaboratory study was conducted in accordance
8.1.4 For materials with diameter greater than 0.2 mm, with Practice E 691 using three different diameters of super-
strain shall be determined by use of a calibrated extensometer elastic wire. For wire diameters of 0.2 and 0.5 mm, eleven
of class C or better (see Practice E 83). For materials with laboratories participated in the study with each laboratory
diameter less than or equal to 0.2 mm, strain may be deter- obtaining three results for each diameter. For the 2.5 mm
mined by use of an extensometer or by crosshead motion. diameter wire, eight laboratories participated in the study with
When using crosshead motion to calculate strain, the length each laboratory obtaining three results. The details are given in
between the grips must be 150 mm. ASTM Research Report RR: F041010.3
10.2 The results are summarized in Tables 2-6 for each
tensile parameter. The terms repeatability limit and reproduc-
TABLE 1 Crosshead Speed Limits ibility limit are used as specified in Practice E 177.
d, diameter or Maximum crosshead speed in mm/min per 10.3 No measurement of bias is possible with this test
thickness (mm)A mm of initial length of reduced section (or
initial distance between grips for specimens not
method since there is presently no accepted reference material.
having reduced sections)
First Cycle Second Cycle 11. Keywords
(load to 6 % strain (load to failure)
and unload)
11.1 lower plateau strength; nickel titanium; nitinol; re-
sidual elongation; shape memory; superelasticity; upper pla-
d # 0.2 0.08 0.8
0.2 < d # 0.5 0.04 0.4 teau strength
0.5 < d # 2.5 0.02 0.2
d > 2.5 0.01 0.1
A
For tubing, use d that gives equivalent surface area to diameter ratio; for round
3
tubing, d = (outer diameter) (inner diameter). Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Editorially corrected. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: F041010.
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TABLE 2 Precision of Upper Plateau Strength (MPa)
Diameter (mm) Grand Mean Repeatability Reproducibility Repeatability Reproducibility
Standard Deviation Standard Deviation Limit Limit
0.2 499 13 55 36 154
0.5 492 11 35 30 98
2.5 500 13 25 35 71
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. RATIONALE
X1.1 During tensile testing of superelastic nitinol material, Method E 1876) is preferred. Note that the modulus of elas-
heat is given off during the austenite-to-martensite transforma- ticity exhibits large variation with the martensitic transforma-
tion. Strain rate is limited to allow the heat to transfer out of the tion.5
specimen. Otherwise the increase in specimen temperature will
influence the stress-strain response.4 X1.3 Due to experimental problems associated with the
establishment of the origin of the stress-strain curve, such as
X1.2 Measurement of modulus of elasticity requires very mechanical backlash, initial grip alignment, and specimen
precise measurements beyond the scope of this standard. Test curvature, residual elongation may be negative at zero force. In
Methods E 111 and E 1876 address determination of modulus addition, force transducers are typically not calibrated at zero
of elasticity. For superelastic nitinol, the dynamic method (Test force. For these reasons, the residual elongation is measured
while there is a small stress of 7 MPa on the sample.
4 5
Shaw, J. A. and Kyriakides, S., On the Nucleation and Propagation of Phase Spinner, S. and Rozner, A. G., Elastic Properties of NiTi as a Function of
Transformation Fronts in a NiTi Alloy, Acta Mater, Vol 45, No. 2, 1997, pp. Temperature, The Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 40, No. 5, 1966,
683700. pp. 10091015.
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X1.4 Use of crosshead motion to calculate strain is allowed between grips is specified to minimize elongation errors due to
for small wires due to the possibility of distorting the wire with deflection of the testing equipment. Another alternative is to
clip-on type extensometers. In this case, a minimum length use a non-contacting video extensometer.
X2.1 The details of the interlaboratory study are given in the precision statistics are charted below in Figs. X2.1-X2.5.
ASTM Research Report F041010. The data used to generate
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