Designation: F606/F606M 14a

Standard Test Methods for

Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension
Indicators, and Rivets1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606/F606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* Product Hardness 6.1

Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded 7
1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures Fasteners
for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 8
externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
tension indicators, and rivets. are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
determination are specified in individual product standards. In system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
variance with these standard procedures, the product standard with the standard.
shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the NOTE 1The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI
absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods metric units for metric fasteners.
shall apply. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter- safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mining the following properties: responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Section priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
For Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Product Hardness 3.1
Proof Load 3.2.1 2. Referenced Documents
Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3
Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5 A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,
Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4
Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5 Zinc-Coated and Bare
Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6 E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
Total Extension at Fracture Test 3.7
Single Sheer Test 3.8
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4 terials
Product Hardness 4.1 E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
Proof Load Test 4.2
Cone Proof Load Test 4.3
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5 terials
Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1 E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
Through Hardened Washers 5.2
Carburized Washers 5.3
someter Systems
Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4 E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
Direct Tension Indicators 5.5 (Withdrawn 2010)3
Compression Load 5.6
For Rivets: 6
E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
Materials

1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Fasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 on Test contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published April 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F606 14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F0606_F0606M-14A. www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 F606/F606M 14a
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers 3.1.1.2 For studs, products without parallel wrench flats and
F959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct for head styles other than hex and square; tests shall be
Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners conducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud or
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em- at the arbitration location.
brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step 3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) are
Loading Technique measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.
F2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Refer to the product specification for particular test location or
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel use the arbitration location.
Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts 3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for all
F2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization and product diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited to
Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel products over 112-in. or M36.
Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts (Metric) 3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionA minimum of three readings
2.2 Military Standard:4 shall be taken on each sample of finished product.
MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 20 3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitration
between the purchaser and seller over reported test results,
3. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of a
3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after the transverse section through the threads taken at a distance of
removal of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or other approximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt or
coating. All readings shall be within the hardness values listed one end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the point
in the product specification. The average of all readings on the end of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall be
same part shall be considered as the product hardness. Test taken approximately 90 to one another on the same plane, if
results shall conform to the product specification for the lot product size permits. Smaller diameter products may also use
represented by the test specimens to be considered conforming. the opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end as
Test specimen preparation and hardness tests shall be con- sectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness for
ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18 for Rockwell arbitration testing is limited to product sizes greater than
tests, Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 for 214-in. or M60.
Vickers tests, or Test Method E384 for Microhardness tests. 3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that bolts and studs be
The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, with tested full size, and it is customary, when so testing, to specify
regards to the size and grade of the products. a minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (or
3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness of pounds-force per square inch.) for inch fasteners and or load in
the finished product, the following test locations can be used: newtons-force or megapascals MPa for metric fasteners. Sec-
3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con- tions 3.2 3.5 apply when testing externally threaded fasteners
ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, end full size. Section 3.6 shall apply where the individual product
of bolt or at the arbitration location. specifications permit the use of machined specimens (see Test
Methods E8/E8M).
3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressing
the product with a specified load that the product must
withstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative tests
4
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FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test Location

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 F606/F606M 14a
for determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-load fasteners shall be allowed (for measurement error only) be-
test are the yield strength test and the uniform hardness test. tween the measurement made before loading and that made
Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5) after loading. Variables such as straightness, thread alignment,
may be used, but Method 1 shall be the arbitration method in or measurement error could result in apparent elongation of the
case of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see Test product when the specified proof load is initially applied. In
Methods E8/E8M). such cases, the product may be retested using a 3 % greater
3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in the load, and shall be considered acceptable if there is no differ-
fixture of the tension testing machine so that six complete ence in the length measurement after this loading within a
threads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall be 0.0005 in. for inch fasteners and 6 0.013 mm for metric
based on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This is fasteners, measurement tolerance as outlined.
obtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the thread 3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product in
runout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen six the testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,
full turns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threads measure and record the total elongation of the product or any
shall be exposed between the fixture ends; however, for referee part of it that includes the exposed threads to produce a
purposes, six full threads shall be exposed. load-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at an
offset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six full
3.2.3 Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure consistent
threads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structural
and repetitive length measurements of the fastener, the
bolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the method
threaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conical
described in 3.6.3.1.
depressions made at the approximate axis or center line of the
3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Austenitic Stainless
fastener. In the event of a dispute over test results the test shall
Steel and Non-ferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in the
be conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grade
testing equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,
markings, surface oxide, decarburization, plating, other
measure and record the total elongation of the product in order
coating, or a combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flat
to produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load or
surface and the conical depressions shall be created using a
stress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain based on the length of
lathe or some type of centering fixture. All debris shall be
the bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will be
removed from the conical depressions before measuring the
subject to elongation under load by using the method described
part. When fasteners are too long to test in the available
in 3.6.3.1.
equipment the fastener may be cut to 8 inches 6 0.125 for inch
3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall be
fasteners or a length of 200 mm 6 3.0 mm for metric fasteners
tested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, the
and tested using Method 1. If there is a dispute over results
hardness shall also be determined in the core. The difference
when testing the same part or lot of parts, both full size and cut
between the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not more
fastener the cut fastener results shall be used to determine
than 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings must
acceptance. The measuring instrument shall have pointed
be within product specification. This test is valid for fasteners
anvils which mate with the center line depressions and be up to and including 1 in. for inch fasteners and M24 diameter
capable of measuring changes in length of 0.0001 in. for inch for metric fasteners.
fasteners and 0.0025 mm for metric fasteners. The instrument
accuracy shall be within 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. range for 3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProduct
inch part s and within 0.0025 mm accuracy within any 0.025 lengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product 14 through
34 in. for inch fasteners and M5 through M20 for metric
mm range for metric parts. Place the fastener between the
measuring anvils. The fastener shall be rotated at least 360 fasteners in diameter and less than three diameters in length for
degrees to assure sound seating. At the position where the product above 34 in. and M20 in diameter, or that do not have
lowest value is indicated the instrument shall be zeroed or the sufficient threads for proper engagement and still leave the
indicated measurement shall be recorded. If using a bolt specified number of complete threads exposed between the
extensometer, the bolt with attached extensometer may be grips, shall be deemed too short for tension testing, and
assembled into the tension testing machine. If not, mark the acceptance shall be based on a hardness test performed in
fastener so it may be placed as close as possible to the same accordance with 3.1. If tests other than product hardness are
position for the second reading. Remove and assemble the required, their requirements should be referenced in the prod-
fastener into the tension testing machine as outlined in 3.4. uct specification. When differences in tensile testing lengths
With a test speed which shall not exceed 0.12 in./min for inch exist between this standard and product standards, the require-
fasteners and 3.0 mm/min for metric fasteners, as determined ments of the product standard shall take precedence. Minimum
with a free-running cross head, axially load the fastener to the length in Table 1 indicates the nominal specified length of an
proof load value specified in the product specification. This inch fastener (that is an A449 Hex Cap Screw size is specified
load shall be maintained for a period of 10 s before releasing as 12-13 1 18 indicates 1 18 in. is the nominal length) and
the load. Replace the fastener between the measuring anvils Table 2 for a metric fastener for size M12 30 indicates the
and rotate at least 360 degrees as before. The fastener shall be nominal length is 30 mm.
stopped at the position where the lowest value is indicated. The 3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Products:
measurement shall show no permanent elongation. A tolerance 3.4.1 Bolts may be tested in a holder with the load axially
of 60.0005 in. for inch fasteners and 6 0.013 mm for metric applied between the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2),

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 F606/F606M 14a

FIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Bolt (Typical Set-Up)

TABLE 1 Minimum Length of Product Requiring Tension Testing ends. The maximum speed of the free-running cross head shall
Nominal Minimum not exceed 1 in./min for inch fasteners and 25 mm/min for
Product Nominal
Size, in. Length, in.
metric fasteners. When reporting the tensile strength of inch

14
58
product, in pounds-force per square inch, calculate the thread

5 16
34 stress area as follows:
38 7 8

716 1 A s 5 0.7854 @ D 2 ~ 0.9743! /n # 2 (1)

1 2 1 1 8
916 1 1 4 where:
58

34
1 1 2 As = thread stress area, in.2,
1 3 4
78 and larger 3 dia
D = nominal diameter of bolt or stud, in., and
n = number of threads per inch.
When reporting the tensile strength of metric product, in
TABLE 2 Minimum Length of Product Requiring Tension Testing
megapascals MPa calulate the thread stress area as follows:
Nominal Product Size, mm Minimum Nominal Length, mm
M5 12 A s 5 0.7854 @ D 2 ~ 0.9382 P ! # 2 (2)
M6 14
M8 20 where:
M10 25 As = thread stress area, mm2,
M12 30
M14 35 D = nominal diameter of bolt or stud, mm, and
M16 40 P = thread pitch, mm.
M20 45
Over M20 3 dia 3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1
and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture not
less than the minimum tensile load specified in the product
specification for its size, strength, and thread series. In
either of which shall have sufficient thread engagement to addition, unless otherwise specified, the tensile fracture shall
develop the full strength of the product. Assemble the nut or occur in the free threaded length. Fracture in the head or at the
fixture on the product, leaving a minimum of six complete bolt junction of the head and shank is prohibited at any load,
threads exposed between the grips except for heavy hex including those above the minimum requirements.
structural bolts, which shall have four complete threads ex-
posed between the grips. 3.4.3.1 For externally threaded fasteners, if the unthreaded
3.4.2 Studs may be tested by assembling one end in the shank diameter is reduced to be equal to or less than the basic
threaded fixture to the thread runout. For studs having unlike thread pitch diameter, the fracture shall occur in the free
threads, this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread, or with threaded length or in the unthreaded shank.
the larger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end of 3.4.3.2 For screws threaded to the head, fracture that causes
the stud in a threaded fixture, leaving six complete threads failure may extend or spread into the transition section between
exposed between the grips. For continuously threaded studs, at the head and the thread, or into the head, before separation,
least six complete threads shall be exposed between the fixture provided that it originates in the free threaded length.

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 F606/F606M 14a
3.4.3.3 For fasteners made of non hardened steel (that is, not head. The purpose of this test is to obtain the tensile strength
quench and tempered) or austenitic stainless steel, the fracture and demonstrate the head quality and ductility of the
shall occur in the free threaded length or in the unthreaded product.
shank. 3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of BoltsDetermine the ulti-
3.4.3.4 For fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel, if the mate load of the bolt as described in 3.4 except place a wedge
test fasteners thread pulls out of the internally threaded test under the bolt head. When both wedge tension and proof load
fixture above the minimum specified tensile load, the fastener testing are required by the product specification use the proof
shall be considered conforming to the tensile strength require- load-tested bolts for wedge testing. The wedge shall have a
ment. minimum hardness of 45 HRC. Additionally, the wedge shall
3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size ProductThe wedge have a minimum thickness of one half the nominal bolt
tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener, socket-head diameter (measured at the thin side of the hole, see Fig. 3). The
cap screw (with the exception of socket button or flat counter- wedge shall have an included angle as shown in Table 3 and
sunk head products) or stud is the tensile load that the product Table 4 for the product type being tested. The hole in the wedge
is capable of sustaining when stressed with a wedge under the shall have a clearance over the nominal size of the bolt, and its

c = clearance of hole
D = diameter of bolt or screw
R = radius or chamfer
T = reference thickness of wedge at thin side of hole equals one half diameter of bolt or
screw
W = wedge angle (see Table 3)

FIG. 3 Wedge Test DetailsBolts

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 F606/F606M 14a
TABLE 3 Tension Test Wedge Angles for Inch Bolts and Screws TABLE 6 Tensile Test Wedge Hole ClearanceDetails for Metric
Bolts and Screws
NOTE 1For use with hardened and tempered steel and alloy steel
standard products. For non-ferrous and special products, see the related NOTE 1Fracture at the junction of the head and shank is prohibited at
product specification. Unless otherwise specified, Table 3 shall apply. any load, including those above the minimum requirements.
Nominal Product Size, in. Degrees Nominal Product Nominal Clearance in Nominal Radius on
BoltsA Studs and Size, mm. Hole, mm Corners of Hole, mm
Flange Bolts M5 and M6 0.050 0.70
1
14 10 6 Over M6M12 0.080 0.80
Over 1 6 4 Over M12M20 1.60 1.30
Over M20M36 3.20 1.60
A
Heat-treated bolts that are threaded one diameter or closer to the underside of Over M36 3.20 3.20
the head, shall use a wedge angle of 6 for sizes 14 through 34 in. and 4 for sizes
over 34 in.

3.5.1.2 For screws threaded to the head, fracture that causes

TABLE 4 Tension Test Wedge Angles for Metric Bolts and Screws
failure may extend or spread into the transition section between
NOTE 1For use with hardened and tempered steel and alloy steel the head and the thread, or into the head, before separation,
standard products. For non-ferrous and special products, see the related provided that it originates in the free threaded length.
product specification.
3.5.1.3 For fasteners made of non hardened steel (that is, not
Nominal Product Size, mm. Degrees
quench and tempered) or austenitic stainless steel, the fracture
BoltsA Studs and
Flange Bolts
shall occur in the free threaded length or in the unthreaded
M5M24 10 6
shank.
Over M24 6 4 3.5.1.4 For fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel, if the
A
Heat-treated bolts that are threaded one diameter or closer to the underside of test fasteners thread pulls out of the internally threaded test
the head, shall use a wedge angle of 6 for sizes M5 through M20 and 4 for sizes fixture above the minimum specified tensile load, the fastener
over M20. shall be considered conforming to the wedge tensile strength
requirement.
NOTE 2Fracture at the junction of the head and shank is prohibited at
any load, including those above the minimum requirements.
top and bottom edges shall be rounded as specified in Table
3.5.2 Wedge Tension Testing of StudsWhen both wedge
5and Table 6. The minimum outside dimension of the wedge
tension and proof load testing are required by the product
shall be such that during the test no corner loading of the
specifications, assemble one end of the same stud previously
product head (adjacent to the wedge) shall occur (see head
used for proof load testing in a threaded fixture to the thread
orientation in Fig. 3). The bolt shall be tension tested to
runout. For studs having unlike threads, this shall be the end
fracture. To meet the requirements of this test, the bolt shall
with the finer pitch thread or with the larger minor diameter.
support a load prior to fracture not less than the minimum
Assemble the other end of the stud in a threaded wedge to the
tensile load specified in the product specification for its size,
runout and then unscrew six full turns, thus leaving six
strength, and thread series. In addition, unless otherwise
complete threads exposed between the grips, as illustrated in
specified, the tensile fracture shall occur in the free thread
Fig. 4. For continuous thread studs, at least six complete
length. Fracture in the head or at the junction of the head and
threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends. The angle of
shank is prohibited at any load, including those above the
the wedge for the stud size and grade or property class shall be
minimum requirements.
as specified in Table 3 and Table 4. Assemble the stud in the
3.5.1.1 For externally threaded fasteners, if the unthreaded
testing machine and tension test to fracture, as described in 3.4.
shank diameter is reduced to be equal to or less than the basic
The minimum hardness of the threaded wedge shall be 45
thread pitch diameter, the fracture shall occur in the free
HRC. The length of the threaded section of the wedge shall be
threaded length or in the unthreaded shank.
equal to at least the diameter of the stud. To facilitate removal
of the broken stud, the threaded wedge may be counterbored on
the faces as shown in Fig. 4. The thickness of the wedge at the
TABLE 5 Tensile Test Wedge Hole ClearanceDetails for Inch thin side of the hole shall equal the diameter of the stud plus the
Bolts and Screws depth of counterbore. The thread in the wedge shall have Class
NOTE 1Fracture at the junction of the head and shank is prohibited at 3B tolerances for inch parts and a 5H tolerance for metric parts,
any load, including those above the minimum requirements. except when testing studs having an interference fit thread, in
Nominal Product Nominal Clearance in Nominal Radius on which case the wedge shall be threaded to provide a finger-
Size, in. Hole, in. Corners of Hole, in. tight fit. The supporting fixture, as shown in Fig. 4, shall have
14
12 0.030 0.030 a hole clearance over the nominal size of the stud, and shall

9 16
34 0.050 0.060
7 8 1 0.060 0.060 have its top and bottom edges rounded or chamfered to the
1 1 8 1 1 4 0.060 0.125 same limits specified for the hardened wedge washers in Table
1 3 8 1 1 2 0.094 0.125 5 and Table 6. To meet the requirements of this test, the stud
1 3 4 2 0.094 0.225
2 1 4 3 0.125 0.256 shall support a load prior to fracture not less than the minimum
tensile strength specified in the product specification for its

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 F606/F606M 14a

C = clearance of hole,
D = diameter of stud,
R = radius or chamfer,
T = E plus depth of counterbore,
W = wedge angle,
E = length of threaded section of wedge =D

FIG. 4 Wedge Test DetailsStuds

size, grade, and thread series. When tensile testing externally 3.6.1.2 Bolts and studs 58 in. in diameter through 114 in. for
threaded fasteners made of austenitic stainless steel and the test inch fasteners and M16 through M30 for metric fasteners may
fasteners thread pulls out of the internally threaded test fixture have their shanks machined concentric with the axis of the bolt
after the minimum tensile strength requirement has been or stud, leaving the bolt head and threaded section intact as
reached, the fasteners shall be considered conforming to the shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, however heat treated bolts in these
tensile strength requirement. size ranges must not be reduced by more than 25% of their
NOTE 3Dimensional tolerances for all test fixtures used in this test original diameter. Alternatively, bolts and studs 58 in. in
method, unless otherwise noted, shall conform to standard machining diameter through 114 in. for inch fasteners and M16 through
practices. M30 for metric fasteners may have their shanks machined to a
3.6 Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens: test specimen with the axis of the specimen located midway
3.6.1 Where bolts and studs cannot be tested full size, between the axis and outside surface of the bolt or stud as
conduct tests using test specimens machined from the bolt or shown in Fig. 7. Bolts of a small cross section that will not
stud (see Test Methods E8/E8M). permit taking test specimens as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 for
3.6.1.1 Bolts and studs 916 in. and smaller may be machined inch and metric fasteners respectively, shall have a turned
concentric with the axis of the bolt or stud for inch fasteners section as large as feasible and concentric with the axis of the
and M14 for metric fasteners. The specimen shall have a turned bolt or stud. The gage length for measuring the elongation shall
section as large as feasible and shall have a gage length four be four times the diameter of the specimen. Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
times the diameter of the specimen. See Fig. 5, Fig. 6. illustrate an example of these small-size specimens. For

FIG. 5 Tension Test Specimen for Bolt with Turned-Down Shank for Inch Bolts

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 F606/F606M 14a

D = nominal thread diameter,

DO = diameter of test piece (DO < minor diameter of thread),
B = length of thread (B $ D),
LO = 5DO or (5.65 S O ,
LC = length of straight portion (LO + DO),
LT = total length of test piece (LC+2R+B),
LU = length after fracture,
SO = cross-sectional area, and
R = fillet radius (R $ 4mm)

FIG. 6 Tension Specimens with Turned-down Shank for Metric Bolts

3.6.1.3 Bolts and studs 138 in. or M33 and larger may have
their shanks machined to test specimen with the axis of the
specimen located midway between the center and outside
surface of the bolt or stud as shown in Fig. 7 to sizes indicated
in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 for inch and metric fasteners respectively.
3.6.1.4 Machined test specimens shall exhibit tensile
strength, yield strength (or yield point), elongation, and reduc-
tion of area equal to or greater than the values of these
properties specified for the product size in the applicable
product specification when tested in accordance with this
section.
3.6.2 Determination of Tensile Properties:
3.6.2.1 Yield PointYield point is the first stress in a
material, less than the maximum obtainable stress, at which an
increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress. Yield
point is intended for application only for materials that may
exhibit the unique characteristic of showing an increase in
strain without an increase in stress. The stress-strain diagram is
characterized by a sharp knee or discontinuity. Determine yield
point by one of the following methods:
3.6.2.2 Drop of the Beam or Halt of the Pointer MethodIn
this method apply an increasing load to the specimen at a
uniform rate. When a lever and poise machine is used, keep the
FIG. 7 Location of Standard Round 2-in. Gage Length Tension beam in balance by running out the poise at approximately a
Test Specimen When Turned from Large Size Bolt steady rate. When the yield point of the material is reached, the
increase of the load will stop, but run the poise a trifle beyond
the balance position, and the beam of the machine will drop for
a brief but appreciable interval of time. When a machine
arbitration purposes, machined test specimens for bolts and equipped with a load-indicating dial is used, there is a halt or
studs 58 in. through 114 in. for inch fasteners and M16 through hesitation of the load-indicating pointer corresponding to the
M30 for metric fasteners shall be machined with the axis of the drop of the beam. Note the load at the drop of the beam or
specimen located midway between the center and outside the halt of the pointer and record the corresponding stress as
surface shown in Fig. 7. the yield point.

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 F606/F606M 14a
3.6.2.3 Autographic Diagram MethodWhen a sharp-
kneed stress-strain diagram is obtained by an autographic
recording device, take the stress corresponding to the top of the
knee (Fig. 8), or the stress at which the curve drops as the yield
point (Fig. 9).
3.6.2.4 Total Extension Under Load MethodWhen testing
material for yield point and the test specimens may not exhibit
a well-defined disproportionate deformation that characterizes
a yield point as measured by the drop of the beam, halt of the
pointer, or autographic diagram methods described in 3.6.2.2
and 3.6.2.3, a value equivalent to the yield point in its practical
significance may be determined by the following method and
may be recorded as yield point: Attach a Class C or better
extensometer (Note 4 and Note 5) to the specimen. When the
load producing a specified extension (Note 6) is reached,
record the stress corresponding to the load as the yield point,
and remove the extensometer (Fig. 10).
NOTE 4Automatic devices are available that determine the load at the
specified total extension without plotting a stress-strain curve. Such de FIG. 9 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point
vices may be used if their accuracy has been demonstrated. Multiplying Corresponding with Top of Knee
calipers and other such devices are acceptable for use provided their
accuracy has been demonstrated as equivalent to a Class C extensometer.

NOTE 5Reference should be made to Practice E83.

NOTE 6For steel inch fasteners with a specified yield point not over
80 000 psi, an appropriate value is 0.005 in./in. of gage length. For values
above 80 000 psi, this test method is not valid unless the limiting total
extension is increased. For steel metric fasteners with a specified yield
point not over 550 MPa, an appropriate value is mm/mm of gauge length.
For values above 550 MPa, this test method is not valid unless the limiting
total extension is increased.
3.6.3 Yield StrengthYield strength is the stress at which a
material exhibits a specified limiting deviation from the pro-

FIG. 10 Stress-Strain Diagram Showing Yield Point or Yield

Strength by Extension Under Load Method

portionality of stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in

terms of strain, percent offset, total extension under load, etc.
Determine yield strength by one of the following methods:
3.6.3.1 Offset MethodTo determine the yield strength by
the offset method, it is necessary to secure data (autographic
or numerical) from which a stress-strain diagram may be
drawn. Then on the stress-strain diagram (Fig. 8) lay off om
equal to the specified value of the offset, draw mn parallel to
oA, and thus locate r. The yield strength load R is the load
corresponding to the highest point of the stress-strain curve
before or at the intersection of mn with r. In reporting values of
yield strength obtained by this method, the specified value of
offset used should be stated in parentheses after the term
yield strength. For inch fasteners:
FIG. 8 Stress-Strain Diagram for Determination of Yield Yield strength ~ 0.2 % offset! 5 52 000 psi (3)
Strength by the Offset Method For metric fasteners:

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 F606/F606M 14a
Yield strength ~ 0.2 % offset! 5 360 MPa (4) measured meets the minimum requirements specified, no
In using this method, a minimum extensometer magnification further testing is indicated, but if the elongation is less than the
of 250 to 1 is required. A Class B1 extensometer meets this minimum requirements, discard the test and retest.
requirement (see Note 5). See also Note 4 for automatic de-
3.6.6 Reduction of AreaFit the ends of the fractured
vices.
specimen together and measure the mean diameter or the width
3.6.3.2 Extension Under Load MethodFor tests to deter- and thickness at the smallest cross section to the same accuracy
mine the acceptance or rejection of material whose stress-strain as the original dimensions. The difference between the area
characteristics are well known from previous tests of similar thus found and the area of the original cross section expressed
material in which stress-strain diagrams were plotted, the total as a percentage of the original area, is the reduction of area.
strain corresponding to the stress at which the specified offset 3.7 Total Extension at Fracture Test:
(see Note 7) occurs will be known within satisfactory limits.
3.7.1 The extension at fracture (A L) test shall be carried out
The stress on the specimen, when this total strain is reached, is
on stainless steel and nonferrous products (bolts, screws, and
the value of the yield strength. The total strain can be obtained
studs) in the finished condition, with lengths equal to or in
satisfactorily by use of a Class B1 extensometer (Note 4 and
excess of those minimums listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Note 5).
3.7.2 The products to be tested shall be measured for total
NOTE 7The appropriate magnitude of the extension under load will length (L1) as described in 3.7.2.1 and shown in Fig. 11.
obviously vary with the strength range of the particular material under
test. In general, the value of extension under load applicable to any 3.7.2.1 Mark both ends of the bolt, screw, or stud using a
material strength level may be determined from the sum of the propor- permanent marking substance such as bluing so that measuring
tional strain and the plastic strain expected at the specified yield strength. reference points for determining total length L1 and L2 are
The following equation is used: established. Using an open-end caliper and steel rule or other
Extension under load, in./in. of gage length for inch fasteners and mm/mm device capable of measuring to within 0.010 in., or 25 mm,
of gage length for metric fasteners = (YS/E) = r
where: determine the total length of the product as shown in Fig. 11.
YS = specified yield strength, psi, 3.7.3 The product under test shall be screwed into the
E = modulus of elasticity, psi for inch fasteners and MPa for metric threaded adapter to a depth of one diameter (see Fig. 2) and
fasteners, and load applied axially until the product fractures. The maximum
r = limiting plastic strain, in./in for inch fasteners and mm/mm for metric
fasteners. speed of the free-running cross head shall not exceed 1 in./min
for inch fasteners and 25 mm/min for metric fasteners.
3.6.4 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength by
3.7.4 After the product has been fractured in accordance
dividing the maximum load the specimen sustains during a
with 3.7.3, the two broken pieces shall be fitted closely
tension test by the original cross-sectional area of the speci-
together and the overall length (L2) measured (see 3.7.2.1 and
men.
Fig. 11). The total extension at fracture shall then be calculated
3.6.5 Elongation:
as follows:
3.6.5.1 Fit the ends of the fractured specimen together
AL = L2 L1
carefully and measure the distance between the gage marks to
the nearest 0.01 in. for gage lengths through 2 in. or 25 mm 3.7.5 The value obtained shall equal or exceed the minimum
through 50 mm gauge length. Measure to the nearest 0.5 % of values shown in the applicable specification for the product and
longer gage lengths. The elongation is the increase in length of material type.
the gage length, expressed as a percentage of the original gage 3.8 Single Shear Test(Note 8) This test is intended to
length. In reporting elongation values, give both the percentage determine the ability of a fastener to withstand a predetermined
increase and the original gage length. load when applied transversely to the axis of the fastener. Shear
3.6.5.2 If any part of the fracture takes place outside of the is defined as an action or stress caused by applied forces that
middle half of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark causes two adjacent parts of a body to slide on each other to
within the reduced section, the elongation value obtained may cause separation. Shear tests may be conducted in either
not be representative of the material. If the elongation so tension-type or compression-type single shear fixture.

FIG. 11 Determination of Total Extension at Fracture (AL)

(only Screw Product Shown)

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 F606/F606M 14a
3.8.1 The specimen shall be tested using hardened steel 4.1.1 The preparation of test specimens and the perfor-
plates of sufficient thickness to preclude bearing failure. Holes mance of hardness tests for Rockwell and Brinell testing shall
in the shear plates shall be 116 in. for inch fasteners and 1.5 mm be in conformance with the requirements of Test Methods E18
for metric fasteners. The holes shall be chamfered 0.010 in. 25 and E10, respectively.
mm to relieve sharp edges. Shear plates shall be prevented 4.1.2 Readings when taken on the bearing face shall be
from separating by means of a suitable jig or by using a nut on halfway between the major diameter of the thread and one
the test bolt tightened finger tight. corner. The reported hardness shall be the average of two
3.8.2 The test specimen, when assembled in the shear jig, hardness readings located 180 apart. The readings when taken
shall be mounted in a tensile-testing machine capable of on the wrench flats shall be one third of the distance from a
applying load at a controllable rate. The grips shall be corner to the center of the wrench face. The reported harness
self-aligning and care shall be taken when mounting the shall be the average of two readings located from opposite
specimen to assure that the load will be transmitted in a straight corners.
line transversely through the test bolt. Load shall be applied 4.1.3 For the purpose of arbitration or for nuts too large for
and continued until fracture of the bolt. Speed of testing as full size testing, where hardness alone shall determine accep-
determined with a free-running cross head shall not be less than tance (see 4.1.4), the following shall apply.
14 in. 6.0 mm nor greater than 12 in. per min 12.0 mm. 4.1.3.1 Sample nuts shall be sectioned laterally at approxi-
3.8.3 The maximum load applied to the specimen, coinci- mately one half (12) of the nut height. Such samples need not
dent with or prior to bolt fracture shall be recorded as the shear be threaded, but shall be part of the manufacturing lot that was
strength of the bolt. At the discretion of the testing activity, formed (in the case of heat-treated nuts, formed and heat-
tests need not be continued to destruction provided that the treated) with the product to be shipped. The preparation of the
specimen supports, without evidence of bolt fracture, the sample shall be in accordance with 4.1.1 above. All readings
minimum load specified. shall be conducted on a Rockwell Hardness testing machine.
3.8.4 A typical test fixture for tension shear testing is shown For standard hex, heavy hex and square nuts, the half of the nut
in Fig. 12. not to be tested may be discarded. For special nut configura-
NOTE 8This single-shear test is primarily used for testing Specifica-
tions both sections shall be identified and made available to the
tion A394 tower bolts which range in size from 12 through 1 in. diameter. purchaser, if specified on the purchase order or inquiry.
For general use, the shear test practices and fixturing found in MIL STD 4.1.3.2 Nonheat-Treated Nuts (See Fig. 13)Two readings
1312 Test 13 is used for double shear and Test 20 may be used for single shall be taken 180 apart at the core (halfway between the
shear. major diameter if threaded, or blank hole if not threaded) and
a corner of the nut. The reported hardness shall be the average
4. Test Methods for Internally Threaded Fasteners of the two readings, and in addition both readings shall be
4.1 Product HardnessFor routine inspection of both heat- within the hardness values listed in the product specification.
treated and nonheat-treated nuts, hardness shall be determined 4.1.3.3 Heat-Treated Nuts (See Fig. 14)Two sets of three
on the bearing face or wrench flats after removal of any oxide, readings 180 apart shall be taken. The three readings shall be
decarburization, plating, or other coating material. Rockwell or taken across the section of the nut at the following positions:
Brinell hardness shall be used at the option of the Position 1As close to the major diameter, as possible, if threaded, or
manufacturer, taking into account the size and grade or hole side wall if the nut is blank, but no closer than 212 times the indent
diameter.
property class of the product. Position 2At the core (halfway between the major diameter, if
threaded, or hole side wall, if blank) and a corner of the nut.
Position 3As close to the corner of the nut as possible, but no closer
than 212 times the indent diameter.
4.1.3.4 The reported hardness shall be the average of all six
readings. In addition all readings shall be within hardness
values listed in the product specification.

FIG. 12 Typical Single Shear Fixture (Tension Type) FIG. 13 Nonheat-Treated Nut

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 F606/F606M 14a
of not more than one-half turn of the nut. If the threads of the
mandrel or test bolt are damaged during the test, discard the
test.
4.2.1 The test bolt shall have threads appropriate to the
standard specified for the nut being tested and shall have a
yield strength in excess of the specified proof load of the nut
being tested.
4.2.2 Inch mandrels shall have a hardness of 45 HRC
minimum and shall have threads conforming to Class 3A
FIG. 14 Heat-Treated Nut except that the maximum major diameter shall be the minimum
major diameter plus 0.002 in. or 0.25 times the major diameter
4.1.4 Nuts exhibiting a proofload in excess of 160 000 lb for tolerance (whichever is greater) of Class 3A threads.
inch nuts or 700 kN for metric nuts may be considered, at the Metric mandrels shall have a hardness of 45 HRC minimum;
option of the manufacturer, as too large for full-size testing. the mandrel shall have threads conforming to Class 4h6h
Full-size testing is recommended whenever possible. except that the maximum major diameter shall be the minimum
4.1.5 For nuts on which hardness and proof load tests are major diameter plus 0.05 mm or 0.25 times the major diameter
performed, acceptance based on proof load requirements shall tolerance (whichever is greater) for Class 4h6h.
take precedence in the event of controversy with hardness tests. 4.2.3 The proof load shall be determined at a free running
cross head speed not exceeding 1.0 in/minute for inch nuts and
4.2 Proof Load TestAssemble the nut to be tested on a
25 mm/min for metric nuts and shall be held at load for 10
hardened threaded mandrel (4.2.2) or a test bolt (4.2.1) as
seconds minimum.
illustrated in Fig. 15(a) Tension Method or Fig. 15(b) Com-
pression Method. The hardened test mandrel and the tension 4.3 Cone Proof Load TestPerform this test using a conical
method shown in Fig. 15(a) shall be mandatory as a referee if washer and threaded mandrel (as illustrated in Fig. 16) to
arbitration is necessary. Apply the specified proof load to the determine the influence of surface discontinuities (that is,
nut. The nut shall resist this load without stripping or rupture, forging cracks and seams) on the load-carrying ability of
and shall be removable from the test bolt or mandrel by the hardened steel nuts through 112 in., or M36 in diameter by
fingers after the load is released. Occasionally it may be introducing a simultaneous dilation and stripping action of the
necessary to use a manual wrench or other means to start the nut. The mandrel shall conform to the requirements of 4.2.2.
nut in motion. Use of such means is permissible, provided the The conical washer shall have a hardness of 57 HRC minimum
nut is removable by the fingers following the initial loosening and a hole diameter equivalent to the nominal diameter of the

FIG. 15 Proof Load TestingNuts

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 F606/F606M 14a

FIG. 16 Cone-Proof Test

mandrel +0.002, 0.000 in for inch fasteners and + 0.05, -0.0 5. Test Methods for Washers and Direct Tension
mm for metric fasteners. The contact point of the cone shall be Indicators
sharp for nut sizes 12 in. or M12 and less. For sizes over 12 in. 5.1 General Requirements:
or M12, the point shall be flat and 0.014 6 0.016 in. in width
5.1.1 All tests shall be conducted on a Rockwell hardness
for inch fasteners and 0.35 to 0.41 mm for metric fasteners.
tester.
Assemble the nut and the conical washer on the mandrel, and
apply the cone proof load for the nut against the nut. The speed 5.1.2 Use of a 14 in. 6.3 mm or smaller spot anvil shall be
of testing as determined with a free-running cross head shall be used for hardness testing of washers and direct tension indica-
a maximum of 0.12 in./min. for inch fasteners and 3.0 mm/min tors
for metric fasteners. Apply the proof load for 10 s. Compute the 5.1.3 Readings are not to be taken on or near product
cone proof load of a nut as follows: markings.
For inch products: 5.1.4 Preparation of test specimens and the performance of
CPL = (1 0.30D) f As hardness tests shall be performed in accordance with Test
where: Methods E18.
5.1.5 For arbitration purposes, a minimum of two readings
CPL = cone proof load, lb, 180 apart on at least one face shall be taken (see Fig. 17).
D = nominal diameter of nut, in., 5.1.6 All readings shall be within the hardness values listed
f = specified proof stress of nut, psi, in the product specification, and the average of all readings
As = tensile stress area of nut, in.2, shall be considered as the hardness of the product.
= 0.7854 [D (0.9743/n)]2, and
n = threads per inch. 5.1.7 An initial reading may be used to establish that the
hardness testing equipment is properly set up and that the
For metric products: correct scale is being used. Such readings are not used to
CPL= (1 0.012D) f As 0.001 determine conformance.
where:
5.2 Through Hardened Washers:
CPL = cone proof load, kN, 5.2.1 Surface HardnessTests shall be conducted after the
D = nominal diameter of nut, mm, removal of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or other
f = specified proof stress of nut, MPa, coatings. Take hardness readings on a smooth flat portion of the
As = tensile stress area of nut, mm2,0.7854 [D (0.9382/ washer, prepared by light grinding or polishing as necessary.
P)]2, and 5.2.2 Core HardnessTake hardness readings on a smooth
P = thread pitch, mm. flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or
To meet the requirements of the cone proof load test, the nut polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of
shall support its specified cone proof load without stripping or 0.015 in. for inch washers and 0.38 mm for metric washers
rupture. from the original surface.

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 F606/F606M 14a
NOTE 9Because of acceptable variations in bolt dimensions and
coating characteristics, bolts cannot be used as a means of gaging the DTIs
measured minimum and maximum performance.
5.6.1.2 Testing apparatus shall include a compression load-
ing system, top and bottom bearing blocks, and support blocks
that allow each direct tension indicator to be calibrated using a
direct reading gage.
5.6.1.3 The testing apparatus shall conform to the require-
ments of Practices E4. The loads used in determining compres-
sive loads shall be within the verified loading range of the
testing machine in accordance with Practices E4.
5.6.1.4 The direct reading gage of the testing apparatus
shall be capable of measuring the gap variation to within
0.0005 in for inch DTIs and 0.0125 mm for metric DTIs.
NOTE 10Because of acceptable variations in bolt dimensions and
coating characteristics, bolts cannot be used as a means of gaging the
direct tension indicator measured minimum and maximum performance.

FIG. 17 Typical Hardness Reading Locations 5.6.2 Compression Loading System:

NOTE 11See Specification F959, Table 3 for acceptable range of
5.3 Carburized Washers: compression loads.
5.3.1 Surface HardnessTake hardness readings on a 5.6.2.1 The compression loading system shall transmit a
smooth flat portion of the washer, using a method which compressive load axially from the testing apparatus to the
prevents penetration into the core material. direct tension indicator. The bottom bearing block of the
5.3.2 Core HardnessTake hardness readings on a smooth loading system must be able to accept the cylindrical protru-
flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or sions of the direct tension indicator support blocks.
polishing such that readings are taken at a depth greater than 5.6.2.2 Maintain the compression loading system in good
the depth of case. operating condition and use only in the proper loading range.
5.3.3 Depth of CaseMeasurements of case depth shall be 5.6.3 Support Blocks:
taken at a cross section through the rim of the washer, having 5.6.3.1 Support blocks shall be grooved on one side so that
been ground and etched to define the case area. the direct reading gage can be zeroed without compressing the
direct tension indicator protrusions (see Fig. 18). Thus, the
5.4 Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers:
exact thickness of the direct tension indicator being tested is
5.4.1 Surface HardnessTake hardness readings on a
taken into account, and the flat surface of the side of the direct
smooth flat portion of the washer.
tension indicator having protrusions is made to relate exactly to
5.4.2 Core HardnessTake hardness readings on a smooth
the zero point of the gage that shall react on the center of the
flat portion of the washer, prepared by light grinding or
direct tension indicator support block.
polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of
5.6.3.2 Support blocks shall have a minimum Rockwell
0.015 in. for inch washers and 0.38 mm for metric washers
hardness of 50 HRC.
from the original surface.
5.6.3.3 Support blocks shall conform to the following di-
5.5 Direct Tension Indicators (DTI): mensional requirements as depicted in Fig. 19 and Fig. 20.
5.5.1 Surface HardnessTake hardness readings on a 5.6.4 Bearing Blocks:
smooth flat portion of the DTI, at a point approximately 5.6.4.1 The upper bearing block shall have a minimum
midway between the protrusion (top side) or pocket (bottom diameter of 3 in 76.2 mm.
side) and the outside diameter. Prepare the DTI by light 5.6.4.2 Bearing blocks shall have a minimum Rockwell
grinding or polishing as necessary. hardness of 50 HRC.
5.5.2 Core HardnessTake hardness readings on a smooth 5.6.4.3 The upper and bottom bearing block surfaces shall
flat portion of the DTI, at a point approximately midway be parallel to within 0.0005 in. 0.0125 mm across the width of
between the protrusion (top side) or pocket (bottom side) and the support block.
the outside diameter. Prepare the DTI by light grinding or
polishing such that readings are taken at a minimum depth of
0.015 in. for inch DTIs and 0.38 mm for metric DTIs from the
original surface.
5.6 Test Method for Measuring Compression Load for
Direct Tension Indicators (DTIs):
5.6.1 Testing Apparatus:
5.6.1.1 Test the direct tension indicators in an apparatus
described herein that is capable of determining their perfor-
mance characteristics with sufficient accuracy. FIG. 18 Support Block

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 F606/F606M 14a

{ Height of boss = 0.085 in. +0/0.0005 in. with no more than 0.0002 in. difference between side A and side B }
(1) Dimension A and dimension B shall be no less than 0.050 in., with no more than 0.0002 in. difference between the A and B sides of the same support
block.
(2) Dimension C shall be less than the inside diameter of the corresponding DTI to be tested.
(3) Dimension D shall be no less than the greater of 3 in. or the outside diameter of the DTI to be tested.
(4) Dimension E shall be at least 0.080 in., yet less than 0.165 in..
(5) Dimension F shall be large enough to accept the DTI without interference with its protrusions, and no more than the value corresponding to the midpoint
of the PTD and the O.D. of the DTI to be tested.
(6) Dimension G shall be no less than 1 in.

Direct Tension Indicator C in. E in. F in.

Size, in. max min max min max min

12 0.485 0.475 0.130 0.080 0.96 0.91
5 8 0.615 0.605 0.145 0.095 1.15 1.10
3 4 0.735 0.725 0.150 0.100 1.34 1.29
7 8 0.855 0.845 0.150 0.100 1.54 1.49
1 0.985 0.975 0.165 0.115 1.73 1.68
1 1 8 1.105 1.095 0.165 0.115 1.93 1.88
1 1 4 1.225 1.215 0.165 0.115 2.12 2.07
1 3 8 1.355 1.345 0.165 0.115 2.31 2.26
1 1 2 1.475 1.465 0.165 0.115 2.51 2.46

FIG. 19 Inch DTI Support Block Dimensions

{Height of boss = 2.16 mm. +0/0.0125 mm with no more than 0.005 mm difference between side A and side B}
(1) Dimension A and dimension B shall be no less than 1.25 mm, with no more than 0.005 mm difference between the A and B sides of the same support
block.
(2) Dimension C shall be less than the inside diameter of the corresponding DTI to be tested.
(3) Dimension D shall be no less than the greater of 75 mm or the outside diameter of the DTI to be tested.
(4) Dimension E shall be at least 2.0 mm, yet less than 4.0 mm.
(5) Dimension F shall be large enough to accept the DTI without interference with its protrusions, and no more than the value corresponding to the midpoint
of the PTD and the O.D. of the DTI to be tested.
(6) Dimension G shall be no less than 25mm.

Direct Tension Indicator C mm E mm F mm

Size max min min min max
M16 15.5 15 3 30 30.5
M20 19.5 19 3 34 34.5
M22 21.5 21 3 38 38.5
M24 23.5 23 3 43 43.5
M27 26.5 26 3 49 49.5
M30 29.5 29 3 53.5 54
M36 35.5 35 3 63 63.5

FIG. 20 Metric DTI Support Block Dimensions

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 F606/F606M 14a
5.6.5 Calibration: 7. Test for Embrittlement of Metallic Coated Externally
5.6.5.1 Calibrate the testing apparatus and its direct reading Threaded Fasteners
gage at least once per year. 7.1 This is one test method for determining if embrittlement
5.6.5.2 Retain the calibrated test data. exists in a metallic coated externally threaded fastener covered
5.6.6 Test Procedure: by the product specifications of ASTM Committee F16.
5.6.6.1 Select the support block corresponding to the size
and type of direct tension indicator to be tested. 7.2 The test fastener shall be installed in a test fixture (see
5.6.6.2 The direct reading gage spindle shall be in contact Note 2 in Fig. 22) with the head positioned against the wedge,
with the center of the direct tension indicator support block assembled with a nut, and tensioned (by means of the nut only)
during the test (see Fig. 21). by any means capable of measuring tensile load. The torque
5.6.6.3 Zero Direct Reading GagePlace the direct tension method described in 7.3 is one such method. The test samples
indicator, with protrusions facing down, into the grooves of the shall be tensioned to 75 % of their specified minimum ultimate
support block. Apply compression load equal to the minimum tensile strength. For studs with different thread pitches on
required load for the size and type of direct tension indicator either end, the finer thread pitch end shall be assembled with a
being tested. Set the direct reading gage at zero. Release the nut and tested as the head end of the fastener.
load and remove the direct tension indicator. See Step 1 of Fig. 7.2.1 The assembly shall remain in this tightened state for
21. not less than 48 h, after which the test fastener shall be visually
5.6.6.4 Invert the support block so that Side A with the examined for embrittlement-induced failure, such as missing
groove is facing down. head.
5.6.6.5 Measure Compression Load: 7.2.2 The joint shall then be disassembled and the test
5.6.6.6 Place the flat surface of the direct tension indicator fastener visually examined using a minimum of 20 power
against side B of the support block with protrusions facing up. magnification for evidence of embrittlement failure, such as
Apply compression load until the gage reading is the test gap transverse cracks in the shank, threads or at the junction of
specified for the size, type, and surface condition of the direct head to shank.
tension indicator being tested. See Step 2 of Fig. 21. 7.2.3 For disassembly, if the torque method of tightening is
5.6.6.7 Apply the compression load at a rate such that the used, torque shall be applied in the ON direction until the nut
direct tension indicator is compressed within 30 s from the time rotates a noticeable amount. The retightening torque with the
the compression load is first applied until the proper gap is nut in motion shall be measured and shall be no less than 90 %
achieved. of the initial tightening torque.
5.6.6.8 Read and Record, Read the compression load within 7.2.4 If a direct tension method of tightening is used, then
5 s of reaching the test gap and record the results. the loss of clamping strength in pounds or Newtons over the
test period shall be no more than 10 % of the initial clamping
6. Rivets load.
6.1 Product HardnessDetermine hardness at the mid- 7.3 The test fixture shall comprise a hardened wedge (7.3.1),
radius of a transverse section of the product taken at a distance a plate(s) (7.3.2), and a hardened washer (7.3.3) (see Fig. 22).
of one diameter from the point end of the rivet. Use either 7.3.1 The wedge shall have an angle as specified in Table 7
Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests, and measure as described in and Table 8. Other dimensions and properties shall be in
3.1. conformance with hardened wedges described in 3.5.1.

FIG. 21 Steps for Determining Compression Load

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 F606/F606M 14a

NOTE 1The illustrated test fixture shown above reflects a single bolt under load. It should be noted, however, that test fixtures with multiple test
locations are acceptable
NOTE 2Work is continuing on this test method and revisions are anticipated. Additionally caution should be taken when applying this test procedure.
The heads of embrittled fasteners may suddenly break off and become flying projectiles capable of causing serious injury or blinding.
NOTE 3Hardened inch test washers shall have a maximum surface finish of 750 microinches and metric test washers shall have less than 0.19
micrometers.
FIG. 22 Test Fixture

TABLE 7 Test for Inch Fastener Embrittlement Wedge Angles, capable of measuring the actual tension induced in a fastener as
Degrees the fastener is tightened. Three fasteners from the test lot shall
Nominal Size of Studs and Fasteners Fasteners with be selected at random. Each shall be assembled into the
Fastener, dia with Unthreaded Unthreaded Lengths,
Lengths, 2 dia and Longer
load-measuring device, mated with a nut, and the nut tightened
Less Than 2 dia until a load equal to 75 % of the specified minimum ultimate
14 to 34 in. 4 6 tensile strength of the fastener is induced. The torque required
Over 34 to 1-12 in. 0 4 to induce this load shall be measured and the arithmetic
average of the three measured torques shall be the tightening
torque. The surface against which the nut is torqued should be
TABLE 8 Test for Metric Fastener Embrittlement Wedge Angles,
Degrees
similar in hardness and finish to that of the test fixture (Fig. 22)
and use of a hardened washer (7.3.3) is recommended.
Nominal Size of Studs and Fasteners Fasteners with
Fastener, dia with Unthreaded Unthreaded Lengths, 7.5 To meet the requirements of this test the fastener shall
Lengths, 2 dia and Longer
Less Than 2 dia
show no evidence of embrittlement failure when visually
M5 through M20 4 6
examined and the retightening torque shall not be less than
Over M20 0 4 90 % of the initial tightening torque.
NOTE 12The nature of this test method is such that a fastener will
either pass or fail as a result of being subjected to the test conditions. The
qualitative nature of the test does not provide information on how close or
how far a fastener is from failure. This test method is to be used for
7.3.2 The plate(s) shall be steel and have a thickness such embrittlement testing on a production scale and is not to be used for
that, after installation and tightening, a minimum of three full analytical purposes. Test Method F1624 can be used as an analytical
threads of the test fastener will be in the grip. The hole in the method to test fastener products in cases of uncertainty, or where
plate(s) shall be as close to the major diameter of the fastener quantitative or analytical data are required. Test Method F1624 is not
suited for embrittlement testing on a production scale due to the time and
being tested as practical but not greater than the hole in the costs associated with performing the test.
hardened washer (7.2.3).
7.3.3 The hardened washer shall be in conformance with 8. Test Method for Determining Decarburization and
Specification F436. Carburization
7.4 If the torque method of tightening is used, the tightening 8.1 See Test Method F2328 for inch fasteners and F2328M
torque shall be determined using a load-measuring device for metric fasteners.

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 F606/F606M 14a
9. Torsional Strength Test Mb 5 d 3 *UTS*0.165 (5)
Torsional formula metric:
9.1 Sample screws shall be tested using a suitable means
such as shown in Fig. 23. Mb 5 d 3 *UTS*0.00014 (6)

9.2 The split or solid fixture used to prevent the screw from where:
rotating during testing shall be threaded to avoid screw thread Mb = minimum torsional strength (inch pounds for inch
damage. The confined screw length shall be equal to at least fasteners and Nm for metric fasteners)
one screw diameter. At least two thread pitches shall be free d3 = thread minor diameter (reference or minimum if
between the top of the confining fixture and the under side of available)
the screws head. UTS = ultimate tensile strength (psi for inch fasteners and
9.3 An appropriately calibrated torque measuring device MPa for metric fasteners)
shall be used to apply torque to the screw until it is twisted into Inch Example: 14 - 20 Grade 5
two pieces. The screws torsional strength is the maximum Mb= (0.1894)3* 120 000 * 0.165,
value observed during the application of torque, which results Mb= .0067 * 120 000 * 0.165,
in the required mode of failure. Mb = 134 in./lbs,
Metric Example: M10, 8.8,
9.4 This test applies only to screws that have a length equal Mb= (8.375)3* 800 MPa* 0.00014,
to at least one body diameter plus two thread pitches or screws Mb= 587 * 800 * 0.00014,
.375 in. or M10 or less, or both. Mb = 66 Nm
9.5 The required torsional strength values are provided in
the applicable machine screw standards. 10. Certification
Torsional formula inches:
10.1 Certification shall include a statement that the sampled
and provided fastener products were tested and inspected in
accordance with the requirements of the individual product
specification; referencing the specification number, year date of
issue, and any applicable product identification symbols. In
addition, the certificate shall include the results of all tests
performed, the product specification, and any supplementary
requirements or other requirements as designated in the pur-
chase order.
10.2 A certificate printed from or used in electronic form
from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
regarded as having the same validity as an original document
printed in the certifiers facility. The content of the EDI
transmitted document shall also conform to any existing EDI
agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
10.3 Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the orga-
nization submitting either the EDI transmission or paper copies
of certificates of test is responsible for the content of the report.

11. Keywords
11.1 compression load; hardness; proof load; properties;
FIG. 23 Typical Torsional Strength Test Fixture tensile; testing; yield

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 F606/F606M 14a

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F60614)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2014.)

(1) This revision is a combination of Test Methods F606 and (1) 1.2 was revised.
Test Methods F606M to create one consolidated standard. Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes
(2) The changes to this standard are the addition of references to this standard since the last issue (F60611) that may impact
to metric SI units for metric fasteners throughout the standard the use of this standard. (Approved November 1, 2013)
in addition to the inch-pound units for the inch fasteners. (1) 3.3 was revised (added last two sentences).
(3) Where inch tables existed separate metric tables have been
introduced.
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes
to this standard since the last issue (F60613) that may impact
the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2014.)

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