Chapter 3 Environmental Services

Water Supply
Sewerage
Storm Water Drainage
Solid Waste Management

Water Supply

The history of organized water supply in Ahmedabad dates back to the year 1891,
during which Dudheshwar water works was constructed on eastern riverbank and piped
water supply was given to the residential localities. Due to non-availability of perennial
water after late 50s in the River Sabarmati, the city started depending on the ground
water sources.
A new reservoir Dharoi located 150km upstream of Ahmedabad on River Sabarmati,
was also commissioned in 1978. The water from the reservoir was to be treated at
Kotarpur works, wherein a 650 MLD treatment plant was installed. The water from
Dharoi first reached
Figure 3-1 Depletion of Water Table
Depletion of Water Table Ahmedabad in 1978.
400
Thereafter in 21 years the
350
reservoir was filled to its
300
capacity only in 8 years.
Depth in Feet

250 Soon after, water level in

200 Dharoi dam started falling
150 to severe storage in
100 summer months. Though
50 the adequate water is
0 normally released from
1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 1999 2000 Dharoi, not more than 33
Year
Central Zone West Zone East Zone
percent water would
actually reach the city; on
an average due to in-transit infiltration, evaporation losses and illegal tapping in areas
upstream of Ahmedabad (Refer Fig 3-1). Thus, the assured quantity of 680 MLD from
Dharoi could not be made available at Kotarpur.
To meet the demand, seven french wells were also constructed in Sabarmati riverbed to
draw sub-soil water of 182 MLD. Also, a large number of tubewells were installed all
over the city.

All these arrangements however could only mitigate the problem for a short while.
Thereafter, problems like non-availability of water in the Sabarmati and depletion of
water level at an annual rate of 2 to 3m only worsened the situation.

At this time, a new scheme Raska Wier Project was commissioned in order to tap
water from River Mahi through an underground pipeline. This project started in 2000 and
made available a total of 250 MLD water to the city.

3.1.1 Sources of Water Supply

The water supply needs of Ahmedabad city are presently met from three sources

Surface water from Raska

French well in Sabarmati River
By Intakewell constructed in River Sabarmati (Narmada canal water is released
in river which is pumped through intake well).
Table 3-1: Water Sources

Installed Average Drawal /

Year of
Source capacity Drawal Installed
commissioning
(mLd) (mLd) Capacity (%)
(A) Surface Water
(1) Raska Pipeline April 2000 295 250 85
(2) Kotarpur Intake works Feb. 2004 165 110 67
(B) Underground Water
(1) French Wells (7 Nos.) 1975-1999 182 128 70
(2) Dudheshwar Water Works 1900 80 60 75
(3) Bore wells Different years 658 48 7.2

Due to failure of monsoons, the available quantity of water from both as well as ground
sources is at risk. In order to avert a severe water crisis, the Raska Project was taken up
on an emergency basis in the year 1999-00. The two phase project was planned with
two phases (Refer Table 3-1).

- Transmission pipeline of 2010mm diameter running a length of 32 Km from

source at Shedhi canal to Kotarpur Water Works (Raska 1) designed to carry
300MLD of water.

- Pumping main of 1600 mm diameter from Kotarpur Water works to Dudeshwar

Water Works (Raska-2) running a length of 11.5Km and having a capacity of
150MLD.
Narmada Water for Ahmedabad City: Sardar Sarovar Narmada Canal has a provision of
water for Ahmedabad city from Narmada main canal.

Ground Water
Till recently borewells were significantly meeting water demand of the city. AMC draws
water from some 363 tubewells (altogether there are 406 tube wells installed, but 43
tube wells are non-functional currently) installed in various parts of the city. Besides,
there are reports of ground water tapping by private borewells/tubewells. The withdrawal
from the groundwater table has steadily increased over the years, resulting in an
increase of failure rate of the tubewells. After the commissioning of the Raska project
however, the stress on the ground water has been reduced by some extent.

3.1.2 Water Treatment System

A water treatment plant of capacity 650 MLD is installed at Kotarpur located in the north
of the city. At present, Kotarpur treatment plant is getting water from Raska and
Narmada canal through intakewell in Sabarmati River.

Table 3-2: Water Treatment Plant at Kotarpur

Water works Capacity in MLD % capacity

(Treatment Plants) (2000-01) utilised
Ko tarpur 650 55 %
Dudheshwar 80 70%
Source : AMC, 2005

The water coming from Mahi River is being treated at Kotarpur (Refer Table 3-2). The
water treatment process includes pre-chlorination, passing the water through clarifier,
intermediate chlorination, filtration, disinfection processes - Alum dosing and post-
chlorination stages. The water from the tubewells / borewells is chlorinated at the
distribution stations.

3.1.3 Water Supply, Storage and Transmission

There are three water supply zones within AMC: Central, Eastern and Western (Refer
Map 3-1) and two water works: Dudheshwar and Kotarpur. A treatment plant is located
in Kotarpur. Water is supplied from Dudheshwar Water Works to the Central
Transmission Mains while the Kotarpur Water Works supplies to the distribution stations
in the three zones.
The central system is the oldest system and consists of CI pipeline of size 1500 mm
from DWW and bifurcates to 800mm to feed Asarva area and the other branch is of
1200mm/1000mm/800mm to feed Laldarwaja.

The eastern transmission system consists of MS pipeline of size

1626mm/1520mm/1321mm from the Kotarpur Water Works (KWW) to Kankaria. Water
from the French well near KWW is injected into this pipeline. There is a branch at
Sahijpur to supply water to the extended eastern side.
The western transmission system consists of MS pipeline of size
1626mm/1321mm/914mm from Sabarmati Octroi Naka to bifurcation point near Gujarat
University and the 1321mm main bifurcates into 1067mm and further reduces to
914mm. There is no inter-connection between the eastern and western transmission
systems.

Table 3-3: Water Supply Zones

Water Supplied
Supply Zones Water Supplied from
(MLD)
Central 125 Dudheshwar Water Works
Eastern 342 Kotarpur Water Works
Western 123 Kotarpur Water Works
TOTAL 590

Source: AMC, 2005

The water from Kotarpur is transmitted to the underground storage reservoirs in the
three zones. The available storage capacity is 690 MLD (Refer Table 3-4). Water is
supplied for two hours (from 6 to 8 in the morning) from these distribution stations.

Table 3-4: Storage Reservoirs

Storage capacity Total Water Supplied

Storage Reservoirs
(MLD) (MLD)
Underground Storage Reservoirs 690 590
at water works and water
distribution stations
Source: AMC, 2005

Water from Raska is supplied to south zone. This means that water has to traverse at
least 8-10 kms up north and then pumped back for ditribution by the same distance. A
proposal to rationalize the distribution is underway.

3.1.4 Distribution System

There are five distribution zones, overlapping with the five administrative zones. The
following table shows the zone wise coverage of water supply. The distribution network
of 2584 km caters to the entire city (Refer Table 3-5). There are 90 distribution stations
in the entire city.

Map 3-1: Existing Water Supply Network of AMC

Kotarpur
Waterworks

AERODRAME

NORTH ZONE

WEST ZONE

EAST ZONE

CHANDOLATALAV

SOUTH ZONE

VINOBA
BHAVE
NAGAR

VIVEKANAND
NAGAR

EXISTING W.D.S. CONNECTED EXISTING W.D.S. NOT CONNECTED WITH KOTARPUR WATER WORK
WITH KOTARPUR WATER WORK
EXISTING W.D.S. TO BE CONNECTED EXISTING WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE (WESTERN TRUNK)
WITH KOTARPUR WATER WORK
PROPOSED W.D.S. TO BE CONNECTED EXISTING WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE (CENTRAL TRUNK)
WITH KOTARPUR WATER WORK

PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE EXISTING WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE (EASTERN TRUNK)

EXISTING RASKA W.S.PIPELINE

Drawing Title Prepared By:

MAP NO:
N
EXISTING WATER SUPPLY NETWORK IN AMC
Project: Map Adopted From:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Table 3-5: Zone wise Coverage
North South Central
Parameters East Zone West Zone Total
Zone Zone Zone
No of wards Catered 9 9 9 7 9 43
Total area of the zone (sqkm) 27.51 42.32 32.19 72.32 16.5 190.84
Total population of the zone 783107 673420 779028 702418 577388 3515361
Total area covered by piped
80 95 80 80 98
water supply(%)
Population covered(%) 90 95 90 90 99
Total water supply capacity
108 152 168 116 146 690
(MLD)
Gross Per capita per day
Average 142 LPCD
supply (lpcd)
Water Supply Pipelines length
605 540 658 561 460 2824
(km)
Transmission mains (km) 35 20 25 50 25
240
Feeder mains (km) - - 85 - -
Distribution Network (km) 570 520 548 511 435 2584

Source: AMC, 2005

The water supply network covers approximately 95 percent of the population and 86
percent of the AMC area. The Table 3-6 shows the zone wise supply to different sectors.
83 percent of the water is supplied to the residential areas, 11 percent for institutional,
commercial and industrial needs and 6 percent to public stand posts. There are
altogether 2158 public stand posts in the city (Refer Table 3-6).

Table 3-6: Water Supplied in MLD

Sectors East Zone West Zone North zone South zone Central Zone Total
Domestic 81 112 107 80 112 492
Commercial
Industrial 15 9 18 14 10 66
Institutional
Public stand posts 12 2 10 5 3 30
Total 108 123 135 99 125 590
No of stand posts 750 441 145 282 540 2158

Source: AMC, 2005

Average supply of water is about 143 lpcd. The distribution system consists of CI
pipelines and the total length is about 2824 km (Refer Table 3-5).

3.1.5 Wastage
It has been observed that wastage of water at consumers end in the city of Ahmedabad
is substantial. Almost 15-20% of water supplied is lost in transmission and distribution.
3.1.6 Service Connections
Service connections are of galvanized iron. The number of regular domestic connections
for last nine years is as follows:

Table 3-7: Water Connections

Year No. of Connections

1994-95 231292
1995-96 236902
1997-98 241767
1998-99 246239
1999-00 250191
2000-01 254961
2001-02 261381
2002-03 264458
2003-04 267296
Source: AMC Statistical Outline 2005

Prior to 2002, about three percent connections were metered. Since last year, the
system of metered connections has been changed and a new system of pro-rata
charges has been introduced, which is based on the connection size. The service
connections have a life of 7-8 years after which it should be replaced. However, such
replacements, which have to be done at the consumers end is often not done, leading to
problems of leakage, contamination and low pressure.

Table 3-8: Indicators

Water supply litres per capita per day 143 lpcd
Transmission and Distribution Losses 15%-20%
% Population Covered 95%
% Area Covered 86%
Total Supply / Storage Capacity 85%
No. of hours of Supply 2

3.1.7 Efforts for Ground Water Recharge

The Ahmedabad city has high soil permeability and in order to make the ground water
sustainable, it is imperative to replenish this source. With this idea, a Rain Water
Harvesting Cell has been set up within AMC. Currently they are undertaking three kinds
of tasks -utilising defunct bores as recharge wells, recharge pits where aquifer depth is
available and digging new percolation wells upto the first unconfined aquifer.
Development of waterbodies like deepening of Kankaria, Odhav Naroda lake and Saijpur
lake were also carried out last year. Work is being carried out in three phases:
increasing capacity, setting up of recharge wells and finally the beautification of lakes so
as to generate some income through the advertisements in these areas.

3.1.8 Water Supply System in the periphery

In Ahmedabad city, the peripheral areas outside the jurisidiction of AMC, organsied
water supply is limited largely to gamtal areas covering less than 10% of the population.
Due to steep increase in the population and the increase in multi-storied buildings in the
city outskirts, the local bodies are not able to provide the requisite water to the
households in these areas. Due to these facts, the societies maintain their own bore
wells and face problems of excessive draw down in water levels, functional problems
and deteriorating water quality with intrusion of fluorides. In such circumstances, the
private societies have to look for other sources of water supplies. Many private water
companies have emerged to supply bottled water as well as through tankers.
In view of this situation the city had to look for an allocation from Narmada Main Canal,
which is passing about 3 KMs from the northern city limits and through western
periphery. AUDA took initiative to tap 400 MLD water for western areas spread in 34
settlements from Narmada Main Canal (NMC). The water shall be drawn to the extent
possible by gravity to the WTP at the same location, and in case the canal water level
goes down, pumping to the WTP shall be done. The distrubtion network in 16 western
peripheral settlement areas has been completed and will be commissioned by March
2006.
In the eastern periphery also water is drawn from deep tube wells (the depth of these
tube wells varying from 160 m to 270 m) by individual societies and in a few cases by
local bodies with in Gamtal area. However these tube wells are now unable to satisfy
present drinking water needs due to dwindling ground water table. Deterioration in the
quality of ground water is also a major issue. Hence a plan to draw water from Narmada
Canal is underway.

3.1.9 Issues
Exploitation of Ground Water Source: In the absence of a perennial water source,
dependence on ground water continues to be high in the periphery. Apart from the
municipal bores, a large number of private bores have been installed in various parts
of the city. This has seriously affecting the ground water level, which is depleting at
the rate of 2 to 3m annually. Thus, the reliability and sustainability of the ground water
source is questionable.
Insufficient storage capacity Currently, 80% of the storage capacity is utilised.
However, the storage capacity would need to be increased looking at the growing
water demand.
Distrubtional Inefficiency: At present all the zones are getting water from Kotarpur.
The South zone is nearer to the Raska source and hence it is decided to supply water
 to South zone from Raska Pipeline. A new treatment plant near Raska will be
installed to supply treated water.
Contamination of water due to old service connections: The consumer connections
are of Galvanised iron, which has a life of 7-8 years. These connections are often not
replaced on time and leads to the problems of leakage, low pressure and
contamination.
Inadequate Coverage: Presently only 85% of the AMC population is covered by
municipal water supply. The eastern area incorporated within the municipal limits in
1986, still has to be linked with the municipal supply. The newly built system in the
western periphery is proposed to cover part of the area. The effort as part of this plan
would have to address the coverage issue in about 150 Sq.Kms.
System Losses: Around 20%-25% of the water supplied gets lost during transmission
and distribution.
Limited Duration of Supply: At present, the water is supplied only for two hours a day.
It is proposed to supply water for 24 hours and hence necessary modification
including construction of ESR at each distribution station will be carried out.
 Map 3-2: Water Supply Network-West Auda

WAY
HIGH
INAGAR
NDH
J-GA
VASANT NAGER

SARKHE
60.00MT
AHAT
M.G.VASH

NATIONAL HIGH WAY

A S H R A M R O A D
AD
RO

ROAD
NG
RI
ft

NATIONALHIGHWAY
IN
2
13

ft R
132
WAY
HIGH
INAGAR
NDH
J-GA
KHE
SAR
60.00MT

AD
RO

Y
ING

H WA
KANKARIA
D LAKE

ft R

HIG
A
O
R

NA L
M

132
A
R

NA TIO
H
S
A

CHANDOLA
LAKE
NA

D
ROA
TION

G
ft RIN
132
AL
HI
GH
W

Y
AY

HWA
HIG
NAL
NATIO

AUDA BOUNDARY BOUNDARY OF 35 URBAN AGGOLOMERATIONS

AMC BOUNDARY STAGE - I 16 - VILLAGE (WORK COMPLETED)
AUDA RING ROAD STAGE - II 19 - VILLAGE (PROPOSED)
Drawing Title Prepared By:
MAP NO:
N
WATER SUPPLY NETWORK-WEST AUDA
Map Adopted From:
Project:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Map 3-3: Water Supply Network-East Auda

 NARMADA MAIN CANAL KHARICUT CANAL ROAD S.H.ROAD CONTOUR
SHEDHI BRANCH CANAL AMC PIPELINE RAILWAY N.H.ROAD
DASKORI BRANCH CANAL RIVER CANAL EXPRESS
HIGHWAY
Drawing Title Prepared By:
MAP NO:
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL N
WATER SUPPLY NETWORK-EAST AUDA PLANNING & TECHNOLOGY

Project: Map Prepared By:

Multi Mantech International Pvt. Ltd.
AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011) Map Prepared For:
COMPOSITE WATER SUPPLY PROJECT EASTERN AUDA

Sewerage System
In Ahmedabad, efforts at developing an organized sewerage system were evident even
as early as 1890 when an underground sewer line and temporary pumping station were
constructed in Khadia ward outside Astodia Gate. Since then, extension of sewerage
network to the old city was undertaken in a phased manner and by 1931 the entire old
city area was sewered. The pumping station was shifted outside Jamalpur Gate.
Installation of sewer lines in the areas to the north and the east of the old city, including
new sub-urban pumping station was done from 1933 to 1941. From Jamalpur and new
sub-urban pumping stations, sewage was taken to the Pirana Sewage Farm established
in 1894.

3.2.1 Sewerage Network

Presently, around 75 percent of the municipal area is covered by 1384 km long
sewerage network. There are 43 Sewage Pumping Stations, of which 8 are main
Sewage pumping stations.
Table 3-9: Sewerage Network Details
Description East Zone West Zone North Zone Central Zone South Zone
Area of the zone (Sq Km) 27.51 42.32 45 17.63 72.32
population of the zone 783107 673420 779028 577388 702418
Actual population served 6.47 7.85
(Lakhs) 7.45 5.64 6.29
No. of households served 132000 128627 110000 99800 124000
Drainage network area 24.63 38.86
(Sq.Km.) 28.9 34.00 16.5
Total length of drainage 262 250 272 256 344
network (Km.)
Scraper manholes and vent a)1400 b)60 a)1500 b)50 a)265 b)20 a)1700 b)75 a)380 b)300
shafts a) Scrapper
Manholes b) Shafts
Source: AMC, 2005

Table 3-10: Zone wise Drainage Pumping Stations

Main pumping Stations Nos Auxillary stations Nos
Central 1 Central 6
South 4 South 6
West 3 West 3
North 10
East 10
Total 8 35

Source: AMC, 2005

At present, Ahmedabad generates about 500 MLD of sewage of which about 168 MLD is
discharged into River Sabarmati without treatment through storm water outlets. In the
newly merged areas of 92 sq.km. of extended east Ahmedabad, sewerage facilities are
provided in 44 sq.km. area. Remaining 48 sq.km. area is yet to be provided with
sewerage facilities. This project also includes augmentation of old sewerage pipeline,
pumping station and treatment plant.
The city is divided into five sewerage zones. There are about 43 sewage pumping
stations in the city, which pump sewage into the terminal pumping stations at Vasna and
Pirana before the inlet chambers of the sewage treatment plants.

Table 3-11: Drainage Schemes in AMC Area

Year of Area Popl. Total No. of Dia. Of

Sr. Name of drainage
commissionin covered Served length main Sewers
No scheme
g (Sq.Km.) (Lakhs) (Km.) SPS (mm)
Sewerage project 1700X1700 to
1 (World bank credit 1989 96 20 21.0 2 2500X2500
no 1280 IN) box drain
Priority
infrastructure
2 Sewerage project 1995 20 5 09.33 2 450 to 1800
(World Bank
Credit 1643IN)
East Ahmedabad ,
3 1998-2002 25 5 91.8 9 300 to 900
Phase I
East Ahmedabad ,
4 1998-2003 19 3 99.59 _ 300 to 900
Phase II
GIDC
GIDC Mega Estates
5 2001 _ 27 1 1000 to 1600
Project (polluting
industries)

Source : AMC, 2005

3.2.2 Treatment facilities

There are two sewage treatment plants (aerated lagoons) at Pirana and Vasana having
capacity of 180 mLd and 75 mLd respectively in eastern and western part of the city.

In addition to above, recently two sewage treatment plants (UASB) of capacity 106 MLD
and 126 mLd (36 mld for city & 90 for periphery) at Pirana (old) and Vasana (old)
respectively were commissioned as a part of Sabarmati river action plan.

Common effluent treatment plants (CETP) have been installed by the highly polluting
industries in Odhav, Naroda and Vatwa GIDC estates. The treated effluent from CETP
is mixed with the treated sewage from STP at Pirana so as to lower the concentration of
S.S. and then discharged into river Sabarmati.

The less and non- polluting industries in GIDC are presently not treating the waste and
the effluent is discharged either in the open (on the roads, open spaces in the GIDC
estates) or in the Kharicut Canal. The other industries in AMC and Behrampura (highly
toxic waste) are connected to the main sewer line and the effluents from these are being
discharged into River Sabarmati without any treatment.
 Map 3-4: Sewerage Network of AMC

2.5 Km 0 2.5 Km

Drawing Title Prepared By:

MAP NO:
N
SEWERAGE NETWORK-AMC
Adopted From:
Project:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Table 3-12: Sewerage Treatment Plant Details

Year of Capacity (MLD)

S.No Location Process Remarks
commissioning Design Utilizing
1 Pirana 1995 180 180 Aerated lagoon Functioning
2 Vasna 1995 75 75 Aerated lagoon Functioning
3 Pirana 2002 106 106 UASB based Functioning
4 Vasna 2002 36 36 UASB based Functioning

Source: AMC, 2005

3.2.3 Drainage / Sewerage System in the periphery

Sewerage network coverage in the peripheral areas is limited. In the eastern periphery,
urban growth has extended to eight settlements under AUDA. The total area is about
32.34 sq.km. All the settlements are moderately populated pockets. The urban area is
presently not having any sewerage system and the sewage is left out in open through
local drains. This sewage flows to open fields, to Khari River and other local drains and
finds its way to Kharicut Canal and to Khari River. The Khari River flows down and
meets Sabarmati River before Vautha. At some places, illegal connections are made
and sewage is discharged into GIDC pipeline, which mixes with partially treated effluent.
It is estimated that about 16 Mld sewage is generated from this area and is left
untreated.
In the west periphery, the area of 73 sq.km located between Municipal boundary on west
side to Sarkhej Gandhinagar highway was served under Phase I. A systematic
drainage network was planned for around 78-sq.km area on the western side. These
areas are located between Municipal boundary and on West Side Sarkhej
Gandhinagar Highway. Out of this 78-sq.km area, 44-sq.km area is known as early-
developed area and remaining 34-sq.km area is known as fringe area. In the first phase,
drainage network of early-developed areas was planned and accordingly executed. This
drainage network project was undertaken as part of Sabarmati River Cleaning Project
under National River Cleaning Project. This carries wastewater to Vasna Terminal
Sewage Pumping Station and 126 MLD Sewage Treatment Plant at Vasna for further
treatment. After treatment, it is discharged into Fatehwadi Canal. Out of this 126 MLD
capacity treatment plant, 90 MLD capacity was provided for the flow from perphery areas
while 36 MLD flow for AMC areas.

3.2.4 Issues

Inadequate System Coverage:

The sewerage network in Table 3-13: Indicators - City
Ahmedabad presently caters only % Population Covered 90%
to 75% of the area. Certain areas % Area Covered 75%
% Sewage treated 72%
 of eastern zones do not have sewerage facilities. Systems in periphery have to
be built for most part of the area.
Map 3-5: Sewerage Network-AUDA

PROJECT AREA

AREA PROPOSED IN PHASE II - WESTERN PERIPHERY TREATMENT PLANT - WESTERN PERIPHERY

AREA UNDER IMPLEMENTATION TREATMENT PLANT EASTERN PERIPHERY
AREA COVERED IN PHASE 1
Drawing Title Prepared By:
MAPNO:
N
SEWERAGE NETWORK -AUDA
Project: Map Adopted From:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Untreated Waste disposed in River Sabarmati: Only half the sewerage is being
treated while the rest of it is disposed off in Sabarmati river. Less polluting
industries are also disposing off their wastes either in Kharicut canal or within the
estate, while the rest of the industries of Ahmedabad are pumping their effluent
into the GIDC main sewer line. Cases of industries putting their effluents into the
manholes have also been reported.
 Inadequate treatment facility: The treatment capacity of the plant is much less
than the waste generated. The capacity would be increased by 232 MLD with the
implementation of two ongoing STP projects. However, it would still be
insufficient to treat the entire sewerage generated.

Breakdown of drainage pipeline due to mixing of industrial effluents: Problems of

silting in the sewer lines have been reported in eastern and western zones. Due
to mixing of industrial effluents, there have been problems of pipeline breakdown
and/or corrosion due to hazardous gases.

Mixing of storm water with sewerage during monsoons: Infiltration of rainwater

into the sewage lines in some areas further aggravates the problem during the
monsoon months.

System expansion in the periphery: In the periphery system coverage is limted.

With rapid expansion in the population wastedisposal in an unplanned manner is
becoming a major health threat.

Storm Water Drainage

The monsoon in the region is seasonal and is active between the months of June to
September. The land drainage in Ahmedabad city is relatively poor and, during the
monsoon months, many areas of the city suffer temporary flooding/blockage of storm
water. The city also experienced one of the worst floods in 2000.

Table 3-14: Details of Storm Water Drains

Length of Storm Water Total length of S.W.D as percentage of
Year
Drains (kms) roads (km) total road length
1989-90 260.0 1214.0 21.42
1994-95 272.4 1214.8 22.42
1999-00 290.4 1271.7 22.84
2003-04 345.9 1325.1 26.10

Source: AMC Statistical Outline

Storm water drains in the city cover only 23% of the roads in the city (Refer Table 3-14).
There are three types of drains laid in the city- RCC pipes, Box type drains and arch
drains. These storm water drains discharge storm water into River Sabarmati at 42
locations, of which currently only 27 locations are functional. Storm water drains in the
city are poorly developed and many parts of the western and eastern zone experience
water-logging problems during the rainy season. (Refer Map 3-3) However, the Walled
City area does not have any problems of flooding/water logging.

In the periphery the system is yet to be developed in most parts.

 Map 3-6: Existing Storm Water Drainage Network of AMC

AERODRAME

NORTH ZONE

WEST ZONE

EAST ZONE

CHANDOLA TALAV

SOUTH ZONE

VINOBA
BHAVE
NAGAR

VIVEKANAND
NAGAR

EXISTING SLAB DRAIN

EXISTING PIPE DRAIN
Drawing Title Prepared By:
MAP NO:
N
EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE FOR AMC
Map Adopted From:
Project:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

3.3.1 Issues

Water Logging and flooding problems:

Table 3-15: Indicators
Negligence of natural drainage in the growth
% roads having 22.8%
and development of Ahmedabad city has led storm water drains
to problems of water logging and flooding % Area Covered 40-50%
during the monsoons. The city experienced
worst floods in 2000 when large areas of western and eastern Ahmedabad were
affected.

Poor Coverage: The storm water drains cover only 23% of the roads. The newly
acquired areas of AMC do not have storm water drainage system because of
which areas of Odhav, Naroda and Vatwa experience water logging.

Infiltration of storm water into the sewerage network: Sewer system unauthorized used
for discharging storm water in absence of adequate storm water facilities in many areas.

Blockage of outlets and silting of storm water drains: Of the 36 outlets into the river
Sabarmati, 9 outlets are blocked. Similar blockage and silting has also been reported in
the storm water drains.

Map 3-7: Problematic Areas-Storm Water Drainage

 West Zone

NARODA G.I.D.C.

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LEGEND

EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE PROBLEMATIC AREA

PROPOSED STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE

MAPNO: Drawing Title Prepared By:

PROBLEMATIC AREAS-STORM WATER DRAINAGE N

(NORTH ZONE)
Map Adopted From:
Project:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

North Zone

T.P.S. NO. 23
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T.P.S. NO. 28
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RAIKHAD

LEGEND
EXISTING LINE-STORM WATER DRAINAGE PROBLEMATIC AREAS

PROPOSED LINE-STORM WATER DRAINAGE

EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE PROBLEMATIC AREA MAP NO: Drawing Title Prepared By:

PROBLEMATIC AREAS-STORM WATER DRAINAGE N

PROPOSED STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE
(EASTERN ZONE)
MAP NO: DrawingTitle Prepared By: Map Adopted From:
LEGEND
Project:
N AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Project:
Map Adopted From: EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE PROBLEMATIC AREA

PROPOSED STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE

MAPNO: DrawingTitle Prepared By:

PROBLEMATIC AREAS-STORM WATER DRAINAGE N

(CENTRAL ZONE)

East Zone
Map Adopted From:
Project:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

West Zone
Central Zone

CALICO
MILL

GRAVE
YARO

NARSHIHJI TEMPLE

CHANDOLATALAV

GHODASAR

ISAN- TANK JASHODANAGAR

PUR RABARIVASAHT

NAROL
TANK

VATVA

HATHI-
JAN

VINOBA
BHAVE
NAGAR

VIVEKANAND
NAGAR

LEGEND

EXISTING STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE PROBLEMATIC AREA

PROPOSED STORM WATER DRAINAGE LINE
MAP NO: Drawing Title PreparedBy:

PROBLEMATIC AREAS-STORM WATER DRAINAGE N

(SOUTH ZONE)
Project: MapAdoptedFrom:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

South Zone
 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste collection

Table 3-16: Solid Waste Generation & Collection
and disposal in
(2005)
Ahmedabad is being
carried out by Generation : Total (Tons/day) 2095
Ahmedabad Municipal Generation : Per capita (Kg/day) 0.419
Corporation as an Moisture Content of waste 45%
Density of waste (Kg) 0.5 kg/cu.mt
obligatory function. The
Distance of disposal point 3-22 kms
total waste generated
By Corporation (T/Day)* 1676
in the city is of the
Collection/Capita 0.419
order of 2100 tonnes
Nos. of dustbins (7 cu.mts. capacity) 789
per day.
Total capacity of dustbins (Cu. mt) 3659
Source: AMC, 2005* Excluding construction waste
For efficient waste
collection management, the city is divided into five collection zones, which are the same
as five administrative zones. The work relating to the primary collection of waste
(conservancy) has been decentralized at the zonal level where the work is supervised by
Zonal Additional / Deputy Health Officers with the assistance of ward level supervisors
where as the transportation and disposal of waste (Refuse Removal) is being looked
after centrally by the Director, SWM. For the refuse removal, the five zones are further
divided into 11 Distribution Centres 4 in Central, 2 each in East, West and South and 1
in North zone.

Map 3-8: Solid Waste Collection Network of AMC

 2.5 Km 0 2.5 Km

Drawing Title Prepared By:

MAP NO:
N
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AMC
Project: Adopted From:

AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)

Table 3-17: Details of Collection Points in Different Zones-2005

 Total Containerised No. of containers
Zones Paved
sites sites placed
Central 72 26 72 92
North 139 14 139 148
East 203 25 203 237
South 156 20 156 157
West 138 32 138 155
Total 708 117 708 789

Majority of waste is getting generated from households, followed by 22 percent from

construction and demolition material. Wastes from shops and specialised market
generate 4.5 percent of the waste and a minimal 1 percent is bio-medical wastes and
waste from hotels and restaurants.

AMC has initiated primary waste collection from households through door-to-door
collection system. AMC covers about 7.9 lakh houses by allotting work to 706 RWAs /
Mandalis which have deployed 3890 contanerised tricycles for collection of waste.

Of the 2100 Tonnes/day waste generated per day, 80 percent waste is collected.
However, by scheduling extra vehicles and manpower the remaining wastes are also
collected periodically, thereby achieving 98 percent collection efficiency.

Table 3-18 Details of fleet for waste collection (2005)

Type of Vehicles Scheduled Available No. of Total Waste
Vehicles Vehicles Shifts trips collected in
MT
JCB Machine 12 12 2
JCB Truck 48 48 2 180 1020
7.0 Co. Dumper Placer 61 61 2 500 1125
Mobile Truck 3 3 1 3 15
Refuse Collector/Compactor Machine 3 3 1 3 21
TOTAL 127 127 686 2181

Source: AMC, 2005

Waste collected from the city is disposed at 84 ha, Pirana land fill site approximately 22
km away from the farthest end on Western side and 18 km away from the farthest point
on eastern side, near Narol-Sarkhej Octroi Checkpost.

The disposal site at Pirana also has a waste processing plant which has been
commissioned and run by private M/s Excel Industries Ltd. It produces soil enricher.
Around 500 MT of biodegradable waste like vegetable and fruit market waste is
composted at composting site. Required quantity of water and yeasts culture for
fermentation is added to the waste and then it is composted for 28 days cycle. Water is
added at regular intervals to maintain the moisture content. The average moisture
content is 15-45 %. The compost is turned once in seven days for proper aeration. The
turning is done for 4 times within 28 days cycle. The final product C: N ratio is
maintained at 10:15. The manure formed is sold at 2kg, 5kg and 50 kg bags also for
different rates. About 500 MT waste is composted. The total capital cost incurred was 6
crore for aerobic treatment plant. The production cost is 2.50 Rs/kg.

3.4.1 Bio-medical waste

The bio-medical waste generated from the Municipal hospitals are segregated at source
and collected in yellow polyethene bags at separate collection centers in hospitals as per
the rules. These are collected and transported in closed vehicles of AMC. The incinator
plants are operated by authorized private contractors. The private hosptitals and health
care centers also have similar arrangement with the contractors.

3.4.2 Recycling and Reuse

The waste recycling process and its network in Ahmedabad is well established. There
are a substantial number of formal/ informal actors involved in this activity. The waste
materials from various sources reach the processing units via these actors. Among the
major recyclable waste material in terms of its volume are scrap iron, paper waste, card
board and glass.

The overall pattern of the flow of the recyclable and reusable waste is circular in nature
from origin to the destination. There are two major sources of waste materials namely,
accountable source which includes household, factory, offices, institutions and shops
and establishments and the unaccountable source which includes dustbins, community
bins and municipal bins. The waste originating from these various formal and informal
sources comes to the retailers via waste pickers (Rag pickers) and Kabadiwalas.
Thereafter, the waste goes to the bulk buyer (dealer) in the central zone i.e.
Mehndikuva, Madhupura, Daryapur etc. and from where it reaches the recycling and
processing units in Naroda, Odhav and Vatwa.

3.4.3 Solidwaste Management in the Periphery

In the periphery the urban local bodies have initiated measures to collect solidwaste
through a door-to-door collection system. In the rural local body areas inititive is limited.
The disposal of waste is also a major area of concern.

A total of 35 settlements in the west and 15 settlements in the periphery, under the
jurisidiction of AUDA are experiencing the problem severly. Total estimated waste is
about 343 TPD. AUDA as a nodal agency for all the LBs in implementing various
proposals. The
Work has begun on the following:

1) Construction of First Landfill Cell of the Secured Engineered Municipal Solid

Waste Landfill site at Fatehwadi Village of the Size 120 m x 120 m x 10 M
depth which shall be capable of handling 1,45,000 MT of MSW at a Cost of
Rs. 200 Lakhs.
2) Construction of First Compost Plant of 150 MT/day solid waste handling
capacity and able to produce approx. 40 MT/day of Organic compost at a
Cost of Rs. 300 Lakhs.
3) Construction of Various Infrastructure Facilities at the Landfill site as per the
guidelines of MSW Rules 2000 and Three Solid Waste Transfer Stations at
TS 1 (Thaltej/Ghatlodia), TS - 2 (Ranip) and TS 3 (Bodakdev) costing Rs.
107 Lakhs.

3.4.4 Issues
Primary collection of waste: The system of
door to door collection of waste is to be Table 3-19 : Indicators
% Waste Collected to 98%
made more effective. Generated
Disposal of bio-medical wastes with other % Waste processed 50%
wastes: Contractual arrangements are made Total veh capacity/total 0.81
waste generated
for collection of bio-medical wastes from
Trips/vehicle 3 to 5
hospitals and nursing homes and
incinerating them. Scope for making the collection and disposal more effective
exist.
Unpaved and open collection sites: Only 13% of all the waste storage sites are
paved and 55% of the sites are containerised. On the rest of the site the waste is
dumped on the open ground which leads to the problem of ground water
contamination and creates odour nuisance.
Indiscriminate dumping of construction debris on streets: About 20% of the waste
generated is the construction debris. Such waste in most of the cases are
indiscriminately disposed off on the streets causing hindrance in traffic and
obstruction in city cleaning process. AMC has offered removal of such waste on
subsidised payment throiugh skip and skip lifters. However, this facility is not
availed in most of the cases and the wastes end up on the streets.
No waste segregation done: Currently, no waste segregation is done by AMC
and only 36% of the waste are processed.
 Unscientific disposal technique: The method of disposal is not scientific. It
requires larger area and may result in problem of ground water contamination.
Sanitory landfill sites are proposed.

Map 3-9: Solid Waste Collection Network-AUDA

 TO

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PHANGADI UNDRAL
VL
BA

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LOKO SHED
TO

VANJAR
LAXMIPUR VANCH RANODARA
DA

UMEDPURA
MOTIDEVATI AD
RO
G HATHIJAN
KHICHA RIN
60.00MT MT
RINGROA 60.00
D HATHNOLI
LAMBHA
CHANGODAR GOKADPUR
KAMOD
RING ROAD ROPDA GOVINDRA
60.00MT BADODRA
MORAIYA BAKROL
JUDA
NANIDEVATI BADRABAD
60.00MT RING
ROAD HIRAPUR
AUDA LIMIT CHAVALAJ
GERATPUR HARANIYA
BHATIYA
VISHALPURA AOD
PALDI NANITIBLI
PALWADA
ASLALI
GAMDI
DEVDI EX
ON

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ES
GC

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GHW
PIP

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NANDEJ DO JALAMPUR
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RASKA
BHAT BAREJDI GODASAR
PIRANA JETALPUR
ROHISA
RATANPUR
DAJIPURA
MEEROLI KUNA
NAJ
DARAN VASNA CHACHRAWADI
LODARIYA
LALI
MAHIJ

MADAJ
AMSARAM
VASI KANIJ
TIBLA
MOKUVA
NAVAPURA THOLKA
BADREKHA
RAJODA AKALACHHA
BIDAJ
BAREJA
SANSOLI SOJALI
DHEDHAL
NENPUR
KAVITHA
RASAM
CHARODA
MAHOJADA

VASNA
BAWALA PAHAD
MALATAJ
MARGIA KHATRAJ
T
KO

SARSA
MAHEMDABAD
RAJ

VADADLA
AENASANA SANKHEJ TO MAHUDHA
RUPAL CHALODA PIGALAJ VADDELA
TO

SADRA

MALPUR ARERI
KATHWADA VIROL VATHVALI

VAIKUNTHPUR
JUVALRUPAWATI
PARSANTAJ
KHARIYALPUR
ZEKADA
SMADRA

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A
ED

GOBHALAJ
DEDARDA
KH

DEVKIVASOL
TO

THARODA MESHW A COMMA

CHANDISAR ND VASNA KHURD
CHHAPARA
KAJIPUR KACHHA
CHLADRA
VAMALI
SHEKHDI VASNADELIYA DANTVA KATKPUR
TOBA

SUNDHA
TO

CHIYADA AMBALIYAR
TO

NA
KA

DIAD
DHOL

CHITRASAR
RODA

NA
DIAD

BHERAI
RANODA SAYALA
DHATHAL VARDALA
TO

SITHARAJ
NAVAPURA KHUMARWAD VARASOLA
IYAVA
ZALALPUR VAGITHA TO BORSAD
SAMASPUR

LEGEND

AUDA BOUNDARY PROPOSED REGIONAL HIGHWAYS TRANSFER STATIONS

AUDA RING ROADS
RAILWAY ARTERIAL RING/RADIAL ROADS

VILLAGE BOUNDARY STRUCTURAL NORTH-SOUTH LINKS

VILLAGE SETTLEMENT ( GAMTAL) SUB ARTERIAL GRID ROADS

Drawing Title PreparedBy:

N
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT-AUDA
MAP NO:

Map Adopted From:

Project:
AHMEDABAD CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2006-2011)