Training Manual Consepts of Steam Turbine Maintenance
Training Manual Consepts of Steam Turbine Maintenance
Training Manual Consepts of Steam Turbine Maintenance
com/
TRAINING MANUAL ON
BASIC ASPECTS OF
STEAM TURBINE MAINTENANCE
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WORKING OF STEAMTURBINE
A steam turbine works on the principle of
conversion of High pressure & temperature
steam into high Kinetic energy , thereby
giving torque to a moving rotor.
For above energy conversion there is
requirement of converging /Converging-
Diverging Sections
Such above requirement is built up in the
space between two consecutive blades of
fixed and moving blades rows.
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TYPE OF TURBINE
IMPULSE TURBINE = In a stage of
Impulse turbine the pressure/Enthalpy drop
takes place only in Fixed blades and not in
the moving blades
DEGREE OF REACTION=
( Heat drop in Moving stage)
( Heat drop in moving blade + Heat drop in fixed
blade)
In impulse stage ,degree of reaction is O
Single stage impulse turbine is called as De-laval
Turbine.
Series of impulse stages is called as Rateau
Turbine
Double Stage Velocity Compounded impulse
turbine is called as Curtis Stages
50% Reaction turbine is called as Parson Turbine
Practically the degree of reaction of a stage can
be 0 - 60% over the different stages of a turbine
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LUBRICATION
Turbine bearings are hydro dynamically Lubricated.
For this to happen following things are important
1. Viscosity of oil which is directly related to the oil
Temperature.
2. Rotation/speed of the Rotor.
3. Desired Clearances/Converging Wedge in the
Bearings. (convergence should be in the direction of
rotation)
In fact the Pressure of the Lube oil is mainly just
to ensure that oil reaches the Bearing. However it
is also very important and requires to be
maintained as per design.
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LUBRICATION
As rotor rotates at low speed ,initially there is no
film lubrication but as its speed increases there
is conversion of boundary layer lubrication into
Film lubrication.
From zero speed to appx. 540 RPM there is no
continuos film between rotor and bearings and
there is chance of rubbing between rotor and
Bearing. Therefore JOP is used to prevent the
contact between rotor and bearings.
At Above 540 RPM the JOP can be Switched
off, as film lubrication comes into picture.
It is to be noted that when the surfaces
are parallel the volume flow rate at inlet
is less than the outlet flow rate and film
can,t sustain.
Therefore for a stable film, area needs
to be convergent to ensure equal
volume flow throughout the length.
The minimum clearance depends upon
following
- Viscosity of oil
- Speed of Rotor
- Load on the rotor
TYPE OF BEARINGS
Cylindrical Bearing( Single wedge ring)
This has single oil inlet
DialGauge
Reading
FLOAT = X-Y
Torsional distortion
High Turbine
Vibration
External excitation
Blade pass
Lower design margin in Operating speed
frequencies
Shaft crack
Obstruction to movement
Strainer Choking Change in critical speed of Mass loss
Non uniform rotor/casing clearance rotor system
Non uniform opening of control valves Non-uniform support
Casing distortion Excessive change in oil clearances
Casing piping push pull Cracks in structure
Looseness
Steam flow
induced instability Change in natural frequency of
bearing system
Natural frequency of rotor
matches with half of operating frequency
Oil Whip
Aerodynamic Resonance
Excitation
Gland seals
Quality of Start/Stop
Excessive vibration Foundation holding bolts
Moisture ingress Packer plates
Eccentricity Pedestal
Foreign material Bearing assembly
Electrical Excited
Oil whirl
Fish Bone Diagram of Turbine Vibration Problem-II
MEASUREMENTS, PORTABLE/ON-LINE
Y X
. Seismic
Proximity
Advisory Notification
Static
3500 DATA
Dynamic data
Monitoring MANAGER MCM 2000
System 2000
Diagnostic Plots
Simhadri # 1,2
Talcher # 3,4,5,6
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
Brg.
Flow Diagram
FEATURES
Bar Graph
Time waveform,Orbit
Trend, Multi variable trend, XY plots
Frequency spectrum,
Acceptance region
Bode,Water fall, Cascade
Shaft average Centreline plot
MCM/EXPERT SYSTEM WORKING
Notification Knowledge Base
and Rule Processor
Database
MCM results
display
DM 2000
data acquisition
Process parameters
MW,N,etc.
Monitoring
system