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    Overview of Branch and Epanet

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    Varma Chintamaneni
    This document provides an overview of the BRANCH and EPANET tools for designing and simulating piped water supply networks. BRANCH is used to optimize pipe diameters for design of gravity-fed branched networks, while EPANET can simulate more complex networks with pumps, valves, loops and time-varying demands or supplies. The document demonstrates the use of BRANCH to design a sample rural water supply network, inputting node elevations and demands, pipe lengths and diameters, and obtaining the lowest cost pipe diameter design. EPANET is then introduced as a tool to simulate hydraulic and water quality conditions over extended periods for complex networks.

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    Overview of Branch and Epanet

    Uploaded by

    Varma Chintamaneni
    54 views16 pages
    This document provides an overview of the BRANCH and EPANET tools for designing and simulating piped water supply networks. BRANCH is used to optimize pipe diameters for design of gravity-fed branched networks, while EPANET can simulate more complex networks with pumps, valves, loops and time-varying demands or supplies. The document demonstrates the use of BRANCH to design a sample rural water supply network, inputting node elevations and demands, pipe lengths and diameters, and obtaining the lowest cost pipe diameter design. EPANET is then introduced as a tool to simulate hydraulic and water quality conditions over extended periods for complex networks.

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    This document provides an overview of the BRANCH and EPANET tools for designing and simulating piped water supply networks. BRANCH is used to optimize pipe diameters for design of gravity-fed branched networks, while EPANET can simulate more complex networks with pumps, valves, loops and time-varying demands or supplies. The document demonstrates the use of BRANCH to design a sample rural water supply network, inputting node elevations and demands, pipe lengths and diameters, and obtaining the lowest cost pipe diameter design. EPANET is then introduced as a tool to simulate hydraulic and water quality conditions over extended periods for complex networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views16 pages

    Overview of Branch and Epanet

    Uploaded by

    Varma Chintamaneni
    This document provides an overview of the BRANCH and EPANET tools for designing and simulating piped water supply networks. BRANCH is used to optimize pipe diameters for design of gravity-fed branched networks, while EPANET can simulate more complex networks with pumps, valves, loops and time-varying demands or supplies. The document demonstrates the use of BRANCH to design a sample rural water supply network, inputting node elevations and demands, pipe lengths and diameters, and obtaining the lowest cost pipe diameter design. EPANET is then introduced as a tool to simulate hydraulic and water quality conditions over extended periods for complex networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Overview

    of
    BRANCH and EPANET

    Tools for design and analysis of piped water
    supply networks


    CTARA
    2014
    September


    Rural piped water supply schemes
    Good design is criAcal
    What is good design?
    Village/habitaAon(s) evenly and adequately covered
    Minimum pressure head of 5-8 m at demand nodes
    Minimized piping and pumping energy costs
    Feasible operaAon (e.g. pumping hours chosen based
    on load shedding paQern)
    BRANCH and EPANET are tools to help reach a
    good (enough) design
    BRANCH input/output
    For ElevaAon DESIGN output:
    every
    node Demand Lowest pipe diameters
    Cost per pipe and total
    Pipe Length piping cost
    For every
    Pipe roughness
    pipe BRANCH
    ExisAng/Planned

    SIMULATION output:
    Network layout
    Source HGL Flow in each pipe
    Pressure at each node
    Min. residual pressure
    For the Head-loss in each pipe
    network Diameter opAons
    Units (SI or Imperial)
    Head loss formula
    EPANET input/output
    For ElevaAon
    every
    node Demand

    For Pipe length


    every SIMULATION output:
    pipe Pipe roughness
    EPANET Pressure at each node
    Network layout Velocity in the pipe
    Head-loss in each pipe
    Source details and
    scheduling
    Extended >me
    For the Details of pumps and simula>on
    network valves
    Pipe roughness
    Units (SI or Imperial)
    Head loss formula
    BRANCH vs. EPANET
    Note: Network layout required for both.

    In general
    Use BRANCH for design: it opAmizes pipe
    diameters (but only if the network is branched
    and gravity-fed)
    Use EPANET for simulaAon if the system has
    pumps, valves, loops, and Ame-variaAons in
    demand or supply
    Example network layout
    Junc>on Elev - 105 m
    1 Pipe # 1 Pipe # 2 4 Demand Node
    2
    L 1000 m L 300 m Elev - 107 m
    Village Pop. 1200
    ESR
    Elev -- 110 Pipe # 3
    HGL 120 m L 400 m
    3
    Demand Node Elev - 103 m
    Village Pop. 600
    Demand calculaAon
    Rural supply norm: 55 lpcd
    Assume the source is an ESR which will
    supply the full days water in 6 hours

    Demand (lps) = pop.*55 lpcd/(6 hr * 3600 s/hr)
    Node 3 => 600 * 55/(6*3600) = 1.5 lps
    Node 4 => 1200 * 55/(6*3600) = 3.0 lps

    BRANCH input - 1
    Pipe data

    Node data
    BRANCH input - 2
    Source HGL Hydraulic grade
    line
    (e.g. eleva>on + staging height
    of ESR = 110+10 = 120)

    Pipe diameter op>ons and cost


    per meter
    (taken from Maharashtra Jeevan
    Pradhikarans Schedule of Rates,
    accessible online)
    HGL vs. Total pipe cost
    and Pipe 1 diameter
    1000
    900 140/180 mm
    800
    700
    600
    Total Pipe Cost 125 mm
    ( x Rs. 1000 )
    500
    400
    300 110 mm 110 mm
    200
    100
    0
    112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126
    HGL of source (m)

    Increasing the source HGL can (some>mes) reduce total piping cost
    ElevaAon vs Pressure head at Node 3
    14

    12

    10
    Residual 8
    Pressure head
    at Node 3 (m) 6
    4

    0
    101 102 103 104 105 106 107
    Eleva>on at Node 3 (m)

    If the minimum pressure head is not being met at a point, one solu>on
    would be to move that node to a lower eleva>on point
    EPANET
    What does EPANET do?

    Public domain sohware for simulaAon of water distribuAon networks
    EPANET analyses the ow of water in each pipe, the pressure at each node, the height of
    water in a network.

    Advantages:

    1. Extended period hydraulic analysis for any system size.
    2. SimulaAon of varying water demand, constant or variable speed pumps, and the minor
    head losses for bends and kngs.
    3. EPANET can compute the energy consumpAon and cost of a pump.
    4. Can model various valve types - pressure regulaAng, and ow control valves
    5. Provides a good visual depicAon of the hydraulic network
    6. Data can but imported in several ways the network can be drawn and data can be
    imported from Google Earth.
    7. Water quality-SimulaAon of chlorine concentraAon in each pipe and at each node.
    EPANET slide 1 ( set up)

    Pipe 1 Node 2 Pipe 2


    Node 4
    Source
    Reservoir
    Pipe 3

    Node 3
    EPANET Output le- Nodes

    EPANET Output le- Pipes


    Extended period analysis
    EPANET Time PaQern: To make our network more realisAc for analyzing an extended period
    of operaAon we will create a Time PaQern that makes demands at the nodes vary in a
    periodic way over the course of a day.
    The variability in demands can be addressed through mulApliers of the Base Demand at
    each node.
    Nodal demands, reservoir heads, pump schedules can all have Ame paQerns associated with
    them.
    As an example of how Ame paQerns work consider a juncAon node with an average demand
    of 3 lps. Assume that the Ame paQern interval has been set to 4 hours and a paQern with
    the following mulApliers has been specied for demand at this node-
    Time Period 1 2 3 4 5 6
    Mul>plier 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.7

    Then during the simulaAon the actual demand exerted at this node will be as follows:

    Hours 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24


    Demand 1.5 2.4 3.0 3.6 2.7 2.1
    Manual Contents
    InstallaAon
    GIS
    BRANCH
    EPANET
    References and exercise

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