THE PLUMBING CODE

The improper installation of plumbing may affect the health of the occupants of a building and create a
center point for the spread of disease. The possibility is of sufficient public interests to require the
regulation of plumbing by law. The right of the government to regulate the details of plumbing is based
on the principle of the protection of public health.

The basic goal of the National Plumbing Code of the Philippines is to ensure the qualified observance of
the latest provision of the plumbing and environmental laws.

THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE

1. All premises intended for human use or habitation shall be provided with a supply of pure and
wholesome water, neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject to backflow or back-
siphonage.

2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and
pressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noise.

3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with
proper performance and cleaning.

4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to prevent dangers from
explosion through overheating.

5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall connect its plumbing
fixtures to the sewer system.

6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory and a
bathtub or shower to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.

7. Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.

8. The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against fouling,
deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily
cleaned.

9. All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-approved materials, free from defective workmanship,
designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.

10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.

11. The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent clogging and the return of foul
air to the building.

13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.

14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or
interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage
system.

15. Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods and
similar materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be
connected indirectly with the building drainage system.

16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted and
ventilated.

17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable provision shall be made for the disposal of building
sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as a septic tank.

18. Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to backflow of sewage, suitable provision shall
be made to prevent its overflow in the building.

19. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers.

20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their intended use.

21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the preservation of the strength of structural
members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.

22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous
through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
PLUMBING

Plumbing the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for
bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water,
liquid and other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and fixtures after
installation.

THE PLUMBER

The plumber is the one who works or engages in the business of installing in buildings the pipes fixtures
and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne wastes. There
are three categories of plumbers based upon their experiences. They are:

1. Apprentice plumber- a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to 5 years as helper to a
journeyman.

2. Journeyman plumber- has served his apprenticeship and is competent to perform the tasks of
installing and repairing plumbing.

3. Master plumber- a person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the profession of
master plumbing without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378, having passed the
examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), has received a certificate of
registration from the board of master plumbing and possesses the current license to practice. (Section
214.5 NPC 2000)
CHAPTER 3: PLUMBING FIXTURES
FIXTURES- receptacles attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or waste may be
collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

COMMON TYPES OF PLUMBING FIXTURES USED IN RESIDENCES

1. Water closet

2. Lavatory

3. Kitchen sink

4. Urinal

5. Bidet

6. Bath tub

WATER CLOSET- A plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to discharge it through a
waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium. Water closets are classified according to design, make,
flushing mechanism, shape and installation.

A. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO DESIGN

1. Siphon wash down

2. Siphon jet

3. Siphon Vortex

4. Reverse trap

1. SIPHON WASHDOWN- The least expensive but the noisiest; only small amount of standing water
susceptible to fouling, staining and contamination. It is mechanically satisfactory and is lower in price.
Hence, it is widely used and entirely acceptable where price is the main consideration.

2. SIPHON JET- The jet being submerged introduces its water underwater so that its operation is entirely
muffled. It has a large amount of standing water to prevent fouling. It is mechanically efficient but
expensive.

3. SIPHON VORTEX- this type of bowl develops its flushing action through the water entering through
diagonal holes around the rim which creates a swirling action which forms a vortex in the center. It is
considered to be the most quiet, most efficient and most sanitary water closet.
4. REVERSE TRAP the trap way located at the rear of the water closet eliminated the buldge at the
front. The design and appearance of the bowl plus its large water area and quietness in operation, make
it desirable than siphon wash down.

B. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO MAKE

1. One-piece

2. Close Coupled

3. Pail Flush

4. Squat bowl

1. ONE-PIECE WATER CLOSET- The water closet fixture is manufactured with the bowl and the flush tank
molded into a single unit. Usually used in tandem with the bidet.

2. CLOSED COUPLED WATER CLOSET- a water closet where in the flush tank is separate but is attached
to the toilet bowl. It is a two-piece model.

3. PAIL FLUSH WATER CLOSET- a water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank. Flushing
action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket. This is used in areas where running
water systems are not available.

4. SQUAT BOWL WATER CLOSET- A water closet that is otherwise known as Eastern type since the
user assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position.

C. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO FLUSING MECHANISM

1. Flush tank

2. Flush Valve (flushometer)

1. FLUSH TANK- holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water closet. It has a capacity of
5 to 6 gallons.

2. FLUSH VALVE- valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing purposes. It is activated
by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank. It is also known as Flushometer or Flushometer
valve. The flush valve requires

10 to 20 psi flow pressure.

1. ROUND FRONT- intended for installation on a limited space.

2. ELONGETED FRONT- is more comfortable but occupies a larger space.

E. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET AS TO INSTALLATION

1. Free Standing (Flour mounted)

2. Wall Hung (Wall Mounted)

MINIMUM WATER CLOSET CLEARANCES

ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS OF WATER CLOSET

QUALITY OF FIXTURES

i. Dense

ii. Durable

iii. Non-absorbent

iv. Smooth, Impervious Surface

v. Free form unnecessary concealed fouling surfaces

MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE

i. Water closet private installation 76mm (3 ) 4 DFU, 4

ii. Water closet public installation 76mmv (3) 6 DFU, 4

*use 6 DFU when computing for septic tank size

SIZE OF WATER SUPPLY AND WSFU VALUE

i. Water closet, Flush tank 12 mm (1/2 ) 3 (Private)

5 (Public)

ii. Water closet, Flush Valve 25mm (1) 6 (Private)

10 (Public)

MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT

i. The minimum size of vent for water closet is 51mm .

VENTILATION OF T &B

i. Ceiling mount exhaust fan duct type.

ii. Thermal exhaust fan

TILES IN TERMS OF DESIGN FOR T&B

i. 200mm x 200mm for ceramic

TYPES OF LAVATORY

1. Wall Hung lavatory

2. Pedestal Lavatory

3. Counter Type Lavatory

a. Over Counter

b. Under counter

4. One- Piece Lavatory

TYPES OF LAVATORY FAUCET

a. Center Set

b. Wide Spread

ROUGHING-IN OF LAVATORY

MINIMUM LAVATORY CLEARANCE

a. Vitreous China

b. Enameled Cast Iron

c. Stainless Steel

d. Plastic

MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER & DFU VALUE

o Wash basin, in sets 38mm 2 DFU

o Wash basin, single 38mm 1 DFU

SIZE OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE & WSFU VALUE

o Lavatory 12mm (1/2) 1 (Private use)

2(Public use)

MINIMUM SIZE OF VENT FOR LAVATORY

o The minimum size of vent for a lavatory is 32mm.

BIDET- a plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially thegenitals. It is also
known as the Sitz Bath.

SINKS

MINIMUM TRAP DIAMETER AND DFU VALUE

Kitchen Sink (Residential); 1 38 mm 2 DFU

51mm minimum waste pipe

Bar Sink (Commercial) 1 38 mm 2 DFU

51mm minimum waste pipe

Bar Sink (Private) 1 38 mm 1 DFU

38mm minimum waste pipe

Sink (Commercial, Industrial, Institutional) 1 38 mm 3 DFU

58mm minimum waste pipe

Service sink (Slop) 2 51 mm 3DFU

Laundry Tub 1 38 mm 2 DFU

SIZE OF SUPPLY PIPE AND WSFU VALUE

Kitchen sink 38 mm 2 (Private); 4 (Public)

Scullery sink 3/4 38 mm 2 (Private); 4 (Public)

Slop Sink 38 mm 2 (Private); 10 (Public)

Laundry Tub 38 mm 2 (Private); 4 (Public)

Bar sink 38 mm 1 (Private); 2 (Public)

DRINKING FOUNTAIN

Minimum trap diameter is 31mm and DFU value is 1.

Size of waste supply is 12mm and the WSFU value (each faucet) is 1 (private use) or 2 (public use).

Minimum size of vent is 32mm (1 )

SHOWER BATH

Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.

Size of water supply is 12mm and the WSFU value (each head) is 2 (privateuse) or 4 (public use).

Minimum size of vent is 38mm .

FLOOR DRAINS

Minimum trap diameter is 51mm and the DFU value is 2.

HOSE BIBB

Size of water supply is 12mm and the WSFU value is 3 (private use) or 5(public use)

KITCHEN SINK- a plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply, connected with a
drain.
TYPES OF KITCHEN SINK

a. Single Bowl- Single Drain

b. Double Bowl- Single Drain

c. Double Bowl- Double Drain

d. Triple Bowl

e. Corner Sink

OTHER PLUMBING FIXTURES

SLOP SINK- A deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails of dirty water and mop
cleaning.

DRINKING FOUNTAIN- A fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a water jet designed to
provide potable water for human consumption.

LAUNDRY TUB- A deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also known as Laundry Tray or
Set Tub.

SHOWER BATH- An apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from above. Drain is through the
shower bath floor drain.

SCRUB SINK- a plumbing fixture usually located in the operating room in a hospital to enable personnel
to scrub their hands prior to a surgical procedure;the hot and cold water supply is activated by a knee-
action mixing valve or by wrist or pedal control.

PLUMBING UNIT (Sec. 217.13 NPC 1999)

The minimum standard quantities of plumbing fixtures that discharge waste into a

plumbing installation include;

1 water meter

1 water closet

1 lavatory

1 shower head and drain for a bathtub or shower stall

1 kitchen sink

1 laundry tray
3 floor drains

4 faucets/ hose Bibb

13 Total numbers of fixtures and fittings that comprise a plumbing unit

NOTES ON SHOWER RECEPTOR (NPC 1999)

1. Each shower receptor shall be constructed to have a finished dam, curb or threshold of at least 25.4
mm lower that the outside floor.

2. The dam or threshold shall not be less than 51mm nor more than 228mm in depth, when measured
from the top of the dam or threshold to the top of the drain.

PLUMBING ACCESSORIES

1. Soap holder

2. Paper holder

3. Toothbrush and tumbler holder

4. Towel holder/ tower bar

5. Seat Cover

TYPICAL FIXTURE LAYOUT FOR TOILET AND BATH (minimum dimensions)