Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
1/120
@fglongatt

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 fglongatt.org

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

@fglongatt

Copyright Notice
The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or
copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.
Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any
trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided as is and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the
documents by you.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 2/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
3/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 This seminar is designed to present a general
overview of:
Main features of Modelling and Simulation of

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
PowerFactory.

Models included in PowerFactory for Renewables

and Storage.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

DigSILENT Simulation Language (DSL).

Main features of the Book.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 4/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
5/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Basic PowerFactory Concepts
Overview of System Analysis Functions
Dynamic Modelling with PowerFactory

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Types of Wind Turbines Technologies
WTG Models for Load Flow and Short Circuit
Calculation
Global Templates library
WTG Models for Dynamic Simulation
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Fully Rated WTG Template

PV and Battery Energy Storing System (BESS)
The Book
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 6/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
7/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 The calculation program PowerFactory, as written by
DIgSILENT.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Dr. Martin Schmieg
http://www.digsilent.de/
It is a computer aided engineering tool for the analysis
of industrial, utility, and commercial electrical power
systems.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

It has been designed as an advanced integrated and

interactive software package dedicated to electrical
power system and control analysis in order to achieve
the main objectives of planning and operation
optimization.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 8/120
 The name DIgSILENT stands for "DIgital SImuLation
and Electrical NeTwork calculation program''.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
DIgSILENT Version 7 was the world's first power
system analysis software with an integrated
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

graphical one-line interface.

That interactive one-line diagram included drawing

functions, editing capabilities and all relevant static and
dynamic calculation features.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 9/120
 DIgSILENT power system calculation package was
designed as an integrated engineering tool.
It provides a complete 'walk-around' technique

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
through all available functions, rather than a
collection of different software modules.
PowerFactory Version 14, DIgSILENT represents a
further step towards seamless integration of
functionality and data management within a
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

multi-user environment.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 10/120
 There are three basic integration characteristics
that contribute to make PowerFactory a unique
power system analysis tool:

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
a) Functional integration

b) Database integration
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

c) Vertical integration

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 11/120
 DIgSILENT PowerFactory software is implemented
as a single executable program, and is fully
compatible with Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/Vista.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 12/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
analysis functions

DATA
13/120
Vertically integrated power equipment model
concept allowing models to be shared by all

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 DIgSILENT PowerFactory provides optimal
organization of data and definitions required to
perform any type of calculation, memorization of

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
settings or software operation options.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 14/120
 The PowerFactory database environment fully
integrates all data required for defining cases,
operation scenarios, single-line graphics, outputs,

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
run conditions, calculation options, graphics, user-
defined models, etc.
Project Manager
Visioning and
Publishing
Master and Device
Compare and Merge
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Single Database Concepts: all data for

standard and advanced functions are
organized in a single, integrated database.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 15/120
 Project Management: All the data that defines a power
system model and allows its calculation is stored in so
called 'Project' folders within the database.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Inside a 'Project', folders called 'Study Cases' are used

to define different studies of the system considering the
complete network, only parts of it or variations on its
current state.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 16/120
 This 'project and study case' approach to define and
manage power system studies is a unique application of
the object-oriented software principle.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Standard software packages often require the user to
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

create a large number of similar saved cases, with

multiple nested directories for large complex networks
and studies.
This approach of the structure is both easy to use while
avoiding redundancy.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 17/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Supported PowerFactory Functions
This Section Presents a General Overview of the

18/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Transmission and Distribution Industry Wind Power PV System Railway Smart Grid
Applications

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Grid

Radial and Meshed 1-4 Phase AC grids and DC Grids

Power Flow Fault Analysis Network reduction Flexible DSL Modelling

OHL parameter
calculation DIgSILENT Simulation Language
Power System Analysis Functions

AC/DC IEC 60909

Contingency Analysis
Powerflow IEC 61363
Cable parameter RMS Simulation with abc Phase
ANSI C37.4
calculation
Balanced/un- G74 Power Flow Sensitivities Representation
balanced Complete
Asynchronous
method Long-Term Stability
Machine Voltage Stability Analysis
Active power and General
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

parameter
reactive power faults/Multiple Distribution Network Transient Motor Starting
estimation
controls faults
Analysis
Real-Time Simulation
Reliability Harmonic Analysis Ripple
analysis Protection Control Electromagnetic transient
Optimal Power
Functions (EMT)
flow Economic
Protection
Dispatch Distribution Network
State Estimation Simulation System Parameter identification
@fglongatt Optimization

Source: DigSILENT PowerFactory

http://www.digsilent.de/images/Software/DIgSILENT_PowerFactory/overview150.png
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 19/120
 PowerFactory offers a wide variety of calculation
commands, of which the:
Load Flow Analysis
Short-Circuit Analysis

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Harmonics Analysis
Stability and EMT Simulations
Modal Analysis / Eigenvalue Calculation
Model Parameter Identification
Contingency Analysis
Reliability Assessment
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Optimal Power Flow

Optimization Tools for Distribution Networks
Protection
Network Reduction
State Estimation
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 20/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

DigSILENT

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
value modes of simulation.
PowerFactory,

@fglongatt
NetomacTM

21/120
SimpowTM, offer both dynamic and instantaneous
and

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
22/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Stability analysis calculations are typically based on
predefined system models.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
When no IEEE models exist a powerful tools for
user defined modelling are required.

For systems and configurations for which no IEEE

models exist, Dynamic Simulation Language
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

(DSL) could be used

High specialised and exact models can be created in

PowerFactory.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 23/120
 The Dynamic Simulation Language (DSL) is a powerful
feature of DIgSILENT.

DSL itself can be looked upon as an add-on to the

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
transient analysis functionality of PowerFactory.

During the simulation, the model equations of the DSL

models are combined with those describing the
dynamic behaviour of the power system
components.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

DSL and System equations are then evaluated together,

leading to an integrated transient simulation of the
combination of the power system and its controllers.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 24/120
 Two types of models in DIgSILENT are presented :
1. Built-in models, which are standard electrical component
models, already existing in the DIgSILENT library.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
2. DSL models, which are created by the user in the
dynamic simulation language DSL.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

DSL Models Built-in Models

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 25/120
 The "DIgSILENT Simulation Language" is used to
define new dynamic controllers which receive
input signals from the simulated power system and

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
which react by changing some other signals.
Variable addresses
Program internal signals and parameters element: variable

Interrupt signals;
FAULT (expression, command)
Approx. 3000
DSL
predefined signals

Domain
Interrupt signals; Model 1
FAULT (expression, command)
(voltages, currents,
impedances, parameters,
switches, log variables,)

Domain
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Interrupt handling Interrupt signals

DSL
Numerical integration Output signals Model 2

Output processing

Automatic generation of Interrupt signals

Jacobian elements and
system sub-matrices DSL
Output signals DSL
DSL
Model
Model n
Modelnn

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 26/120
 PowerFactory modelling philosophy is targeted
towards a strictly hierarchical system modelling
approach.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Block
Block
Hierarchical BlockFrame
Block Frame
system
modelling Model
Model
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

@fglongatt
Model Frame
Model Frame

User
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 27/120
 This approach combines both graphical and script-
based modelling methods.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Hierarchical Graphical
system
modelling
@fglongatt
Script based
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Script Based
Graphical Programming
Block Diagrams

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 28/120
 + Network Data + Library

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Network Element 1 Composite model 1 Composite Frame
B Slot A
A
Slot B
Network Element 2 Composite model 2
B
+ Library
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

dsl Common model 1

Model Definition

dsl Common model 2

@fglongatt

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 29/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
30/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Wind Generation Modeling Group (WGMG) of the
Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Working Group on Dynamic Performance of Wind
Power Generation of IEEE Power System
Dynamic Performance Committee

They have developed and provided specification of

Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

generic wind turbine generator (WTG) models.

PowerFactory uses IEC 61400-27-1 and WECC

http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/psdpc/documents/IEEE_PES_WG_DPWG_072412_Meeting_and_Panel.pdf
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 31/120
 This modular structure has many similarities with the
first generation of WECC generic WTG model, but
also some major differences:

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
The IEC structure separates the wind turbine
model from the wind plant model
All the IEC models refer to a common modular
structure which applies for all wind turbine type
models.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

The common structure explicitly separates the

aerodynamic, mechanical, generator-system,
electrical and control modules and adds a grid
protection module.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 32/120
 The horizontal sequence of blocks in the middle
reflects the physical power flow, while protection and
control is shown above and below respectively.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Depending on the type of wind turbine, some of the
modules can be omitted.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

@fglongatt

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 33/120
 Despite the seemingly large variety of utility-scale
WTGs in the market, each can be classified in one
of four basic types:

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Type-1 Fixed-speed, Type-3 Variable
induction generator speed, doubly-fed
asynchronous
Type-2 Variable slip, generators with rotor-
induction generators side converter
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

with variable rotor

resistance Type-4 Variable speed
generators with full
converter interface

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 34/120
 Four basic types, based on Single
Grid
Wound Rotor
Grid

the WTG technology: Pmec

cage
induction Pmec
induction
generator
generator Us Is Pgen
Pgen

Type 1 Fixed-speed, conventional Gearbox

Var
Compensation
Var Ur
induction generators

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Gearbox
Compensation

Type 1 @fglongatt
Type 2
Variable Slip WTG ac/dc

Type 2 Induction generators with

variable rotor resistance

Grid Grid

Variable Speed WTGs Double-fed

Synchronous or
Type 3 Doubly-fed asynchronous
induction
Pmec Pmec
Asynchronous
generator Generator Pgen
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Us Is Pgen
generators with rotor-side converter Is

Type 4 Asynchronous generators Gearbox Filter

Optional
Gearbox
Us
ac/dc DC dc/ac
link
sPgen Ur
with full converter interface sPgen
Filter

Type 3 Ir
Type 4
ac/dc DC dc/ac
link

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 35/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
IEC 61400-27-1
model
WECC generic WTG

36/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 The oldest technologies used in wind turbine
generators. Grid
Single

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
cage
Pmec induction
generator
Pgen

Var
Gearbox
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Compensation

This type of turbine is very rugged and very simple in its construction.
The induction generator used in most of the turbines is usually type A or type B,
operating in a low slip range between 0 1%.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 37/120
 Terminal voltage

Qgen
Wind Shaft Speed
Generator
Turbine Real Power Model
Model Pgen

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Source: A. Ellis et al.
Description and Technical
Pseudo Specifications for Generic WTG
Models A Status Report
Governor 2011 IEEE/PES Power
Systems Conference and
Model Exposition (PSCE).

Grid
Single
cage
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Pmec induction
generator
Pgen

Var
Gearbox
Compensation

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 39/120
 Wind turbine type 2 is a wound rotor induction
generator with adjustable external resistors.
Grid

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Wound Rotor
induction
Pmec
generator
Us Is Pgen

Var
Gearbox Compensation
Ur
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

ac/dc
The adjustable external resistor is implemented by a combination of external (three phase)
resistors connected in parallel with power electronics circuit (diodebridge and DC
chopper).
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 40/120
 Terminal voltage

Rotor Rotor Resistance Qgen

Resistance Generator
Control Real Power Model
Pgen

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Model
Shaft Speed Real
Source: A. Ellis et al. Description
Power and Technical Specifications for
Generic WTG Models A Status
Pseudo Wind Report 2011 IEEE/PES Power
Aero Torque Systems Conference and
Governor Turbine Exposition (PSCE).
Model Model
Grid

Wound Rotor
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

induction
Pmec
generator
Us Is Pgen

Var
Gearbox Compensation
Ur

ac/dc
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 41/120
 This is a variable speed wind turbine generator
employing a wound rotor induction generator.
It is usually design to operate at + 30%
slip.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Grid A variable frequency power converter is
connected to the rotor winding.
Double-fed The power converter is acdcac system.
induction The power converter is usually the
Pmec currentregulated pulsewidth
generator
modulation (CRPWM) type.
Us Is Pgen
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Gearbox Filter
sPgen Ur

sPgen

Ir DC dc/ac
ac/dc
link
Source: www.nordex-online.com
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 42/120
 Regulated Bus
Voltage Terminal voltage

Command Ip Qgen
Converter Command Eq Generator/
Control Converter
Pgen

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Model Real & Reactive Model
Power
Power Speed Shaft Speed Real Source: A. Ellis et al. Description and
order Orde Power Technical Specifications for Generic WTG
Models A Status Report 2011 IEEE/PES
Wind Power Systems Conference and Exposition
Pitch Control Blade Picth (PSCE).
Turbine
Model
Model
Grid

Double-fed
induction
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Pmec
generator
Us Is Pgen

Gearbox Filter
sPgen Ur

sPgen

Ir DC dc/ac
ac/dc
link

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 44/120
 Wind turbine type 4 is a variablespeed wind
turbine generator.
The output of the generator is passed through the

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
power converter to the grid.
Grid
Full
Converter
Synchronous or Interface
Asynchronous
Pmec Pgen
Generator
Is
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Optional Us
ac/dc DC dc/ac
Gearbox link
Filter

Source: www.multibrid.de
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 45/120
 Regulated Bus
Voltage Terminal voltage

Command Ip Qgen
Converter Command Eq Generator/
Control Converter

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Model Real & Reactive Model Pgen
Power
Real
Power Source: A. Ellis et al. Description and
Technical Specifications for Generic WTG
Models A Status Report 2011 IEEE/PES
Power order Wind Power Systems Conference and Exposition
(PSCE).
Turbine
Model Grid
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Synchronous or
Asynchronous
Pmec Pgen
Generator
Is

Optional Us
ac/dc DC dc/ac
Gearbox link
Filter

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 47/120
 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Zephyros (currently Harakosan) and
Permanent Mitsubishi are using this concept in 2 MW
Magnet wind turbines on the market

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Synchronous
Pmec Generator Pgen
RSC GSC Grid
Is
PMSG
CH
Us
Gearbox ac/dc DC dc/ac
link
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

On the market, this system have been used in Spanish manufacturer Made, GE
multi-megawatt series.
The 2.5 MW Clipper Liberty turbine type, which features four 660 kW PMSGs, has
also used this concept.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 48/120
 Siemens Wind
Turbine SWT-3.6-107

Source: www.siemens.com/wind

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Induction
Pmec Machine Pgen
MSC GSC Grid
Is
IM
CH
Us
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Gearbox ac/dc DC dc/ac

link

Siemens is using this concept in the model of SWT-3.6-107on the market

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 49/120
 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Pmec
MSC Step up Pgen GSC
Is Grid

SG
CH
Us
ac/dc dc/dc DC dc/ac
Synchronous link Enercon E-112, 4.5 NW
Generator
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Direct-drive EESG typically has a large rotor diameter

(nearly 12 m for the Enercon E-112 direct drive 4.5
MW turbine).
Source: http://www.enercon.de/de-de/
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 50/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
51/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Transformer

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo).
Representation in PowerFactory:

52/120
Asynchronous Machine (*.ElmAsm) and Step Up

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Pmec

Gearbox

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Ur
generator
induction
Wound Rotor

ac/dc
Us Is
Grid

Pgen

Var
Compensation

53/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo)
Representation in PowerFactory:
Asynchronous Machine (*.ElmAsm).

54/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Pmec

is
Gearbox

Converter

Neglected
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
sPgen

Ir
Ur
generator
induction
Double-fed

ac/dc
Us Is

link
DC dc/ac
Filter
Pgen
Grid

sPgen

55/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Simple Representation in PowerFactory:
Asynchronous Machine Configured as DFIG
(*.ElmAsm).

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Converter
Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo). is
Neglected
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 56/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Gear box
DFIG

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
~
~
Converter
Frequency Converter
is Included

Grid

57/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
DFIG (*.ElmAsmsc).

Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo).

Detailed Representation in PowerFactory

Converter
is Included

58/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Gear box
DFIG

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
~
~
Converter
Frequency

FULL
Model
Converter
is Included

Grid

59/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
DFIG (*.ElmAsmsc).

Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo).

Detailed Representation in PowerFactory:

FULL
Model
Converter

60/120
is Included

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Gear box
SG/IG

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
~
~
Converter
Frequency

Grid

61/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Needs no Type

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Representation in PowerFactory:
Static Generator (*.ElmGenstat).

62/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

No Gearbox
SG/IG

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
~
~
Converter
Frequency

Grid

63/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Needs no Type

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Static Generator (*.ElmGenstat).
Representation in PowerFactory:

64/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

(PWM) + DC
Circuit
Grid Side
Converter

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Representation in PowerFactory:

65/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
66/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Version 14.1 made available a new global
Templates library (\Library\Templates\) that contains
ready for use models.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
This global templates library contains the following
ready for use models:
Double Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generator,
Fully Rated Converter Wind Turbine Generator,
Photovoltaic Systems and
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Battery Energy Storing System.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 67/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
68/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Dynamic of electrical components
Control
Protection

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Dynamic of mechanical parts
Feedback (measurement)
All connected in a composite model:
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 69/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

And type data:

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Defined with grid elements:
Generator, Shunt, Transformer, Inverter..

70/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
*.TypAsm
*.ElmAsm

71/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
are defined in DSL.

72/120
Controllers, protections and mechanical dynamics

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Parameters:

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
The entity of a DSL model is a common model:
Characteristic:

73/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Current (*.StaImea)
Voltage (*.StaVmea)

Power (*.StaPqmea)

Phase (*.ElmPhi_pll)
Available measurement devices:

74/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Frame definition:

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
WTG with fully rated converter:

75/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Entity of a frame is a composite model:

76/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
77/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 The fully rated WTG model could be used for:
Load Flow Studies
Stability Studies (RMS)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Transient Studies (EMT)
Balanced and unbalanced simulations (however control is
implemented for the positive sequence only)
For dynamic simulation is a variable step size
possible.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

The minimum step size or the fix step size should

be lower than 5ms.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 78/120
 The following fully rated WTG models are available
in the global template library:
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_1.0MW

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_1.5MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_2.0MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_2.3MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_2.5MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_2.7MW
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_3.6MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_5.0MW
- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_6.0MW

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 79/120
 Each template contains also three transformer
types for 10, 20 and 30kV.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

The model from the template is at the beginning

equipped with the 20kV transformer.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 80/120
 The fully rated WTG is in the single line diagram
represented by a static generator.
Static Generator (ElmGenstat)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
The models of the controllers are collected in the
composite model FullyRatedConv Control.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

This composite model could be found either through

the link Plant Model on the Basic Data page of the
WTG or with the Data Manager in the used grid.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 81/120
 The models of the controllers are collected in the
composite model FullyRatedConv Control.
This composite model could be found either through

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
the link Plant Model on the Basic Data page of the
WTG or with the Data Manager in the used grid.

DIgSILENT
WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

Pin
0 0
PQ
StaPqmea* Qin
1 1
id_ref
0 0
PQ Control
u ElmDsl* iq_ref
0 2 1 1

pred u1r_i..
Vac 3 0 0
StaVmea*1
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Generator
ir ElmGen*,ElmVsc*
0 2
ActivePowerReduction

Iac
StaImea* ii
1 3
u1i_i..
ElmDsl

1 1

Current Controller
cosref ElmDsl*
0 4

PLL sinref
1 5
ElmPhi*
2 Fmeas
Fmeas

Slow PLL
ElmPhi*

6
7

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 82/120
 The composite model FullyRatedConv Control is
created from the frame definition WTG FRC Frame
incl Current Ctrl

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
DIgSILENT
WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

Pin
0 0
PQ
StaPqmea* Qin
1 1
id_ref
0 0
PQ Control
u ElmDsl* iq_ref
0 2 1 1

pred u1r_i..
Vac 3 0 0
StaVmea*1
2

Generator
ir ElmGen*,ElmVsc*
0 2
ActivePowerReduction

Iac
StaImea* ii
1 3
u1i_i..
ElmDsl

1 1
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Current Controller
cosref ElmDsl*
0 4

PLL sinref
1 5
ElmPhi*
2 Fmeas
Fmeas

Slow PLL
ElmPhi*

6
7

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 83/120
 All measurement devices are connected either to
the terminal or to the cubicle, which connects the
generator with the terminal.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
This approach ensures that all measurement devices
are correctly connected after entering the model
using the template.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 84/120
 Table 1: Frame Description.
Slot Name Description Needed Type
ActivePowerReduction Reduces the power in case of electrical
DSL-Model
over frequency.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Current Controller Calculates from current reference a
DSL-Model
voltage signal for the static generator.
Generator Static Generator as grid element. *.ElmGenstat
Iac AC-Current measurement device *.StaImea
PLL Fast voltage angle measurement
*.ElmPhi
device
PQ Active and reactive power
*.StaPqmea
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

measurement device
PQ Control Controls active and reactive power
DSL-Model
through the rotor current.
Slow FrequMeas Frequency measurement for over
*.ElmPhi
frequency power reduction.
Vac AC-voltage measurement device *.StaVmea

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 85/120
 Figure 1. Frame Definition WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl (*.BlkDef)

DIgSILENT
WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

Pin
0 0

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
PQ
StaPqmea* Qin
1 1
id_ref
0 0
PQ Control
u ElmDsl* iq_ref
0 2 1 1

pred u1r_i..
Vac 3 0 0
StaVmea*1
2

Generator
ir ElmGen*,ElmVsc*
0 2
ActivePowerReduction

Iac
StaImea* ii
1 3
u1i_i..
ElmDsl

1 1

Current Controller
cosref ElmDsl*
0 4

PLL sinref
1 5
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

ElmPhi*
2 Fmeas
Fmeas

Slow PLL
ElmPhi*

6
7

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 86/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
87/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

DC
Energy
Radiant

50-60Hz
Electrical Energy
Electrical Energy

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Inverter
Solar Cell

88/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Characteristic Curves
PV Cell

89/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Grid side behaviour depends on:
Control of the rectifier.
Used step up transformer.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
During fault:
Low AC voltage on PCC no power feed in
possible.
DC voltage is increased up to open-circuit DC
voltage.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

No special protection for solar cell needed.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 90/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

It is simple!!!
side studies.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
Load flow model in PowerFactory:

Interest

91/120
The static generator is used for power flows for grid

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Load flow model in PowerFactory:
DC current source consodering PWM converter is
used for detailed studies.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
It is NOT simple!!!
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 92/120
 Dynamic model in PowerFactory:
Static generator (for grid side studies)
DC current source + PWM converter (for PV-park

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
studies).
DSL model for PV cell and rectifier controller.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 93/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
94/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
95/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 The template is a generic model for a battery
energy storing system (BESS).

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
It represents the grid side converter and the
battery (modelled in DSL).

The model represents one BESS with a rated

apparent power of 30 MVA it is connected on 10 kV
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

voltage level.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 96/120
 The BESS is in the single line diagram represented
by a static generator.
The models of the controllers as well as the battery

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
are collected in the composite models.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Static Generator (ElmGenstat)

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 97/120
 The controller is located in the composite model
BESS-Control and the battery model is located in
the composite model Battery.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
This composite model for the control could be found
either through the link Plant Model on the Basic
Data page of the static generator or with the Data
Manger in the used grid.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 98/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
99/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
100/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
from the frame definition Frame_BatteryCntrl

101/120
The composite model BESS-Control is created

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Slot Name Description Needed Type
Converter Link to the static generator, representing the inverter. *.ElmGenstat
PQ-Control Control of the active and reactive power of the DSL-Model
inverter.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Frequency Calculates a reference for the active power depending DSL-Model
Control on the frequency.
PQ- PQ-Measurement device (for feedback). *.StaPqmea
Measurement
Frequency Frequency measurement for frequency control. *.ElmPhi
Measurement
AC-Voltage AC voltage measurement device for detecting faults *.StaVmea
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

and for voltage support.

Charge Calculates if the battery has to be charged or not. DSL-Model
Control
Battery Model Link to the composite model Battery *.ElmComp

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 102/120
 Needed
Slot Name Description
Type

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Battery_Model Model of the battery DSL-Model
DC Side Model of the DC-side (the static generator DSL-Model
Calculation has no DC side.
PQ PQ Measurement device which measures *.StaPqmea
Measurement the active power on the AC side in absolute
(absolute values
values)
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 103/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
104/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 This book combines years of technical/practical
experience of more than 20 experts
users/developers of DigSILENT PowerFactory (>20

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
countries) and deep understanding of academic on
power system analysis.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Dr. Jose Luis Rueda Dr. F. Gonzalez-Longatt

Editor Editor

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 105/120
 Chapter 6 Chapter 1
Assessing the Renewable Quasi-Dynamic
Energy Sources

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Integration Simulation

Chapter 7 Chapter 2

Modelling of Simulation Unsymmetrical

Conditions and Contingency
AGC Analysis

Chapter 8 Chapter 3
CCGT Probabilistic
Modelling load flow
Chapter 9
Chapter 4
DFIG Modelling Unbalanced
Power Flow
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Chapter 10 Chapter 5
Parameterized Optimal Power
Modal Analysis Flow

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 106/120
 Chapter 16 Chapter 11

Hardware in Risk

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Hardware-In-Loop Assessment

Chapter 17 Chapter 12
P & Q in Wind MeanVariance
Farm Mapping Optimization
Chapter 18 Chapter 13

FACTS Modelling MATLAB/Simulink

Interface
Chapter 19
Chapter 14
Multi-terminal
Simulation Automation
HVDC and Management
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Chapter 20 Chapter 15

Cluster of Induction Hardware-in-the-

Generator Loop Applications

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 107/120
 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

M. Stifter, F. Andrn, R. Schwalbe and W. Tremmel.

Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse
2, 1210 Vienna,
Austria
e-mail: matthias.stifter@ait.ac.at

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 108/120
 MATLAB: PowerFactory build-in interface (DSL) for co-
simulation
DLL: Using external DLL in DSL components (e.g.:
TCP/IP sockets) and DPL scripts

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
OPC: Industrial standard interfaceOPC clientin use
with multi-agent systems and controller hardware in the
loop
RCOM: Remote communicationremote procedure call
interface for using
PowerFactory in engine mode (e.g. automated
simulation)
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

API: Direct control of PowerFactory internal data model

and advanced functionality (e.g. co-simulation)
DGS: file format for exchanging data models and
geographical information

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 109/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
110/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
111/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
112/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Similar to the external implemented DSL functions for
dynamic/transient analysis, the DPL interpreter can
be extended by user-defined functions to be used for

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
steady state analysis
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 113/120
 OPC server connects client processes which run
normally in real time such as automation and control
components.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
External data link (ComLink) is a built-in OPC client.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 114/120
 Until version 14.x, the so-called ENGINE folder was
part of the installation.
RCOM is well suited for simulation automation since

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
it is possible to change for instance DPL script
parameters or other model attributes.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Java code snippet for connecting via RCOM

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 115/120
 Basically, everything you can do in PowerFactory
can be done via the API!!!
It exposes internal model and objects of the network

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
data as well as analysis functions and results to be
dynamically linked into any C++ application
environment.
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Use of the API in a stand-alone C++ application

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 116/120
 Since version 15.1, a Python wrapper for the API
has been provided.
Since Python is an interpreter based programming

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
language no compiler is necessary to use the C++
API.
Python scripts can be directly used within
PowerFactory or used for running the application in
engine mode and controlling it from an external
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

application

Python code for activating and

accessing PowerFactory
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 117/120
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
118/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
119/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015
120/120

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
 fglongatt.org

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

@fglongatt
Questions and Answers

Copyright Notice
The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or
copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.
Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any
trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided as is and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the
documents by you.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 121/120
 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright 2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
@fglongatt
Seminar: Modelling Renewables Resources and Storage in PowerFactory V15.2

Any questions or suggestions are welcome

fglongatt@fglongatt.org
Copyright Notice
The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the
documents may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and
retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless
specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided as
is and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the documents by you.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 122/120