REF542plus

ProtectIT Multifunction Protection

and Switchgear Control Unit
 1
DESCRIPTION 3

2
CONFIGURATION 9

3
FUNCTIONS 11

4
APPLICATION EXAMPLES 21

5
CONSTRUCTION 29

6
TECHNICAL DATA 33

7
CONNECTIONS 47

8
INFORMATION 57

1
 IndustrialIT
REF542plus has been tested and certified as IndustrialIT Enabled, Level 1 - connectivity.
All product information is supplied in interactive electronic format, compatible with
ABB Aspect ObjectTM technology.
The IndustrialIT commitment from ABB ensures that every enterprise building block is equipped with the
integral tools necessary to install, operate, and maintain efficiently throughout the product lifecycle.
REF542plus belongs to the ProtectIT suite.
Detailed information on IndustrialIT is available at <http://www.abb.com/industrialit>.

2
 1
DESCRIPTION

Introduction 4

The REF542plus Base unit 6

The REF542plus HMI 7

3
 DESCRIPTION

Introduction Under voltage and over voltage protections,

REF542plus integrates in a single unit all the synchrocheck and frequency protection complete
secondary functions for a medium voltage the set of protection functions for bus tie panels,
switchgear: incoming feeders and whenever needed.
Protection; Time synchronization with an external master clock
Control; makes the fault-recording feature and events
Measurement; stamping with accuracy better than 1 ms.
Monitoring and self-diagnosis; Four different communications protocols and an
Communication. embedded WEB server open the REF542plus to
A medium voltage switchgear equipped with any control system architecture.
REF542plus becomes a complete, efficient and All these features are complemented with
effective system for power distribution and mana- exceptional automation functions capabilities.
gement. The unit can be used indifferently in solidly Automatic transfer switch, motor restarts and
earthed, low-resistance, compensated or reacceleration, load shedding, any kind of user
unearthed networks; with radial, multifeeders or defined automation sequence can be easily
loop topology. The wealth of available protection implemented inside the unit. The presence of a
functions makes the unit suitable for any kind of CAN Open standard interface (1) allows connectivity
applications. to the huge market of CAN standard products such
Time-overcurrent either with definite or inverse as terminal blocks and intelligent IO modules. The
time, directional time-overcurrent protections are automation possibilities become almost unlimited.
implemented. Also the distance protection for The following pictures show REF542plus
overhead lines can be instantiated in the installation examples in several switchgear.
REF542plus.
Motor protection functions include
starting supervision, number of starts
counting, locked rotor, thermal
supervision, under power, reverse
power and unbalanced load.
ATEX certified versions for explosive
environment, according to the
directive 94/9/EC, are available.
Large power transformers can be
protected, among others, with the
differential and the restricted earth
fault protections.
Power quality features such as power
factor controller with resonance
protection are available. For
demanding applications, a
REF542plus based system including
a SUE 3000 unit, grants fast transfer
switch between two incoming feeders
in less than 30 ms.

REF542plus installed in air-insulated switchgear (AIS).

(1) Available upon specific

request. Contact ABB.

4
 1

The REF542plus is composed of two parts, a Base

Unit and a Local Detached Human Machine
Interface (LD HMI). The two parts are connected
with a serial cable.
The Base Unit contains the power supply, the main
module, the analog and binary input and output (I/
O) modules. Optional modules can be inserted for
supplementary functions.
The HMI is an easy-to-use unit for the switchgear
local control. The HMI is equipped with its own
power supply. It can be installed on the low voltage
compartment door or in a dedicated compartment
close to the Base Unit. The HMI is used to locally
operate the primary objects in the switchgear, to
set the protection parameters, to visualize events
and measurements.
The separation between HMI and Base Unit grants
several advantages and an overall increased
flexibility:
Blind Base Units (without HMI) are possible;
One single HMI for several Base Units;
Easier HMI integration in the most convenient
place;
REF542plus installed in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS).
Simplified Base Unit integration in the low
voltage cubicle.

REF542plus Base Unit and

HMI.

5
 DESCRIPTION

The following figure shows an installation of the Base Unit and of the HMI in
the low voltage compartment of the switchgear.

Base Unit mounting in the

low voltage compartment
and the HMI on the door.

The REF542plus Base Unit

The REF542plus Base unit is based on a real-time,
multiprocessor architecture. A Digital Signal
Processor (DSP) executes the protection functions,
while a Micro controller (MC) executes the control
functions. Another processor on the optional
communication module manages the communica-
tion with the station automation system. This
separation guarantees higher reliability. A block
diagram of the REF542plus is shown in the figure.
The main module is equipped with the DSP and the
MC. The CAN Open interface, the Ethernet
interface for the embedded WEB server, the optical
input port for time synchronization are located on
the main module as well. The optional communica-
Base Unit without connector tion module takes care of the communication with
plate and with extracted the substation automation system.
boards.

6
 1

The binary inputs and outputs Analog Output Analog Input

Communication Module
modules interface the primary 0/4 ... 20 mA Module 4 ... 20 mA Module
process to send commands and to
acquire status information.
The analog input module acquires the
current and voltage signals, both from
instrument transformers or non-
inductive sensors. Analog Input
The optional analog 0/4 ... 20 mA Module

output module and analog

4 ... 20 mA input module allow
exchanging information with the
4... 20 mA or 0... 20 mA current loop.

Main Module

Binary Input
Output Module (s)
REF542plus Base Unit block diagram.

The REF542plus HMI

1 2 3 4
The HMI features a back-illuminated Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD), 8 push buttons, several leds and an
electronic key sensor. The language of the display
can be selected among those available via the 13
Operating Tool.
12
The left half of the LCD provides a graphical 5
representation of the primary objects controlled by 11
the REF542plus in the switchgear. The right half of
the LCD is for plain text visualization such as
measurements and protection events. 10
The LCD backlight is switched off automatically
after 20 minutes of inactivity.
6
The HMI is a complete system for the switchgear 9
local management. The HMI allows the operator to
set the protection functions, operate the primary
objects, visualize measurements and events, reset
alarms and change the unit working mode.
8 7

The HMI includes:

1 Network communication 8 Object control:
Unit Ready. This green led is turned on when the 2 Alarm Open - Close - Select
unit is in the operational state. This led is switched 3 Interlocking error 9 Electronic keys sensor
off when the power supply is not present or when 4 8x4 pages user programmable Leds 10 Text
the unit is not operational. 5 Measurements bars 11 SLD view
6 PC interface 12 Circuit-breaker fast opening
7 Menu navigation 13 Unit ready

REF542plus HMI.

7
 1
DESCRIPTION

Network Communication. This led is meaningful PC interface. This is the optical serial interface
only when the REF542plus is equipped with a port to connect the REF542plus with a personal
communication module and configured to use it. computer. By using the appropriate cable and the
When a communication module is detected inside Operating Tool, the following actions are possible:
the unit, the led turns on to green. If a communica- Download a configuration into the unit,
tion module is not detected or fails, the led turns Upload the current configuration from the unit,
from green to red. When the unit is not configured Upload the fault recorder,
for the communication, this led is switched off.
Upload other information (measurements, binary
Alarm. This led turns to red when user defined inputs status, binary output status).
alarms become true. Several arbitrary alarm
Measurements Bars. 3 freely programmable bars
conditions can be defined and configured with the
have been provided for a quick inspection of the
operating tool. Alarm conditions could be the trip of
switchgear load situation. The three bars are
a protection function, loss of SF6 in the circuit
marked M1, M2, and M3. Each bar is composed of
breaker, etc. When this led is on, it is not possible
twelve leds: ten green and two red. The ten green
to close the circuit breaker or to download a new
leds are normally dedicated to display between 0%
configuration. The alarm condition has to be
and 100% of the nominal value of the configured
removed and the alarm must be acknowledged
measurement, each led corresponding then to 10%
first.
of the nominal value. The two red leds indicates an
Interlocking Error. This led is usually green. The overload condition of 20%. The measurement
led turns temporarily to red when the user attempts displayed by the bar is set with the Operating Tool.
an operation that would violate the programmed M1..M3 reference text can be configured and
interlocking conditions; for example switching a displayed on the display graphical side.
disconnector with the circuit breaker in closed
Text. This is the textual part of the LCD. It shows
position.
the menu, the measurement values, the events and
Electronic Keys Sensor. This is the sensor for any information accessible through the menu
recognizing the electronic keys. Two different structure.
electronic keys are provided. One key allows
SLD view. This is the graphical part of the LCD.
changing the parameters of the protection
This part shows the single line diagram of the
functions. The other one is used to change the
switchgear. The status of the primary objects is
control modes. The sensor automatically detects
dynamically updated after every operation: if for
which key has been inserted. The two keys are
example the circuit breaker has been opened, its
labeled Protect and Control, to distinguish them.
representation will reflect it.
When required, a general key to access both
modes can be provided. It is also possible to CB Fast Opening. When pressed simultaneously
program an 8 characters custom code in the keys with the normal open button, this button allows
to increase the security levels or for any other opening the circuit breaker, independently from the
specific reason. This can be done very easily with a selected control mode. This feature must be
program available on request. enabled in the unit with the Operating Tool.
Object Control. These push buttons allow
operating the primary objects. Moreover, it is also possible to have several,
Menu Navigation. These push buttons allow completely user defined command buttons on the
navigating trough the REF542plus menu. HMI. These virtual push buttons are available from
the dedicated HMI menu. During REF542plus
8 x 4 pages user programmable leds. 8 freely
configuration, the user defines what command
programmable, three-color leds are available for
buttons are required. Typical examples might be:
indications. There are 4 pages of these leds. The
start of a transfer switch or of any other automation
assignment of the led to a specific condition is
sequence, fault recorder activation, start of a load
done with the Operating Tool.
shedding sequence, etc.
Thanks to the user defined command buttons,
REF542plus automation capabilities can cope with
any requirements.

8
 2
CONFIGURATION

Configuration 10

9
 2
CONFIGURATION

The REF542plus unit is configured for the specific The functions includes any kind of logical gates
application using the Operating Tool running on a such as AND, OR, timers, counters, pulse
personal computer. With the graphical editor, the generators, flip-flops etc.
needed functions blocks are combined together. All functions in the switchgear are specified in
The available protection functions are represented collaboration with ABB.
with specific function blocks, which can be The REF542plus configuration is a file, which is
combined with logic functions to define the then downloaded into the unit via the optical serial
required protection and automation scheme. port on the HMI.
This flexibility is very advantageous for defining
control functions and automation sequences, The Operating Tool allows also these additional
which can, for example, include the interlocking of functions, once connected to the HMI via the serial
the switching devices, blocking the release of cable:
specific protection functions, as well as starting Protection functions setting
switching sequences. Measurement values read-out
The REF542plus unit provides a wide range of On line binary inputs and outputs status read-
logical functions so that each specific requirement out
can be met. Fault recorder data acquisition.
The Operating Tool allows on line, real time
monitoring of the internal control signals and logic
states, a powerful tool for applications debugging.

REF542plus graphical con-

figuration.

10
 3
FUNCTIONS

Measurements 12

Monitoring and self-diagnosis 12

Protection 13

Control 13

Events and fault recording 14

Time synchronization 16

Interface to the primary process 16

CAN Open 17

Analog Output 4/0 20mA 18

Analog Input 4 20mA 18

Interfacing a Station Automation System 18

Embedded Web Server 19

11
 FUNCTIONS

REF542plus Multifunction Protection and From the above, the following values can be
Switchbay Control Unit integrates all the calculated.
secondary functions into a single unit. This
multifunction unit also features a self-monitoring Computed values
function. Phase voltages(2),
This versatility makes it possible to use the Average/maximum current value, three-phase
REF542plus on any switchgear independently (determined over several minutes);
from the specific required application. Apparent, active and reactive power;
Power factor;
Active and reactive energy;
Measurements THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).
REF542plus can have a maximum of 8 analogue
input channels for measuring current and voltage
signals. These channels are organized into three Monitoring and self-diagnosis
groups: three channels in group 1 and in group 2, The REF542plus offers several features for
two channels in group 3. monitoring the primary part as well for self-
Group 1 and group 2 have to be homogeneous, diagnosis. The following computed quantities are
which means they can measure 3 currents or 3 available for primary part monitoring:
voltages. For example, measurement of 1 current Maximum and mean currents in the observation
and 2 voltages is not allowed. Group 3 can get any period (0 ... 30 min);
type of signals: 2 currents, 2 voltages, 1 current Sum of interrupted currents;
and 1 voltage. REF542plus analogue inputs are Working hours;
very flexible, as this flexibility is needed to support Number of switching cycles (open-close circuit
all the protection functions. breaker);
Group 1 and group 2 can be used for Spring charging time supervision (when
homogeneous current or voltage measurements applicable);
either from instrument transformers or non- Opening coil supervision.
inductive sensors. Group 3 can be used in a The REF542plus is equipped with self-diagnosis
heterogeneous way, either with instrument routines that constantly check the hardware and
transformers or with sensors. software modules status; every REF542plus
One of the most common configurations uses binary input and output module is equipped with a
three current and three voltage inputs and one watchdog contact that triggers in case of fault or
earth fault current input. All these values are power loss. This contact can be used to detect unit
shown on the HMI display. The values registered failure and to initiate the appropriate actions.
over an extended time period, for example energy, Analogue input channels can be optionally
number of circuit breaker operations, maximum supervised. A broken wire in the connection with
and minimum measurement values are an instrument transformer or a sensor can be
permanently saved. After a power supply loss, this detected and an alarm can be activated.
data is still available. The available measurements
depend upon the analog input configuration. With
the maximum configuration, the following are
obtained.

Directly acquired values

Phase currents;
(1)
Phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages ;
Earth current (it can also be calculated);
(1) REF542plus can use Residual voltage (it can also be calculated);
both phase-to-phase Frequency.
and phase-to-ground
voltage transformers.
(2) When phase-to-ground
voltage transformers are
used.

12
 3

Protection Other protections and related functions

The REF542plus offers a wide range of protection Frequency protection (81), 6 thresholds per net
functions to cover all medium voltage applications. Synchrocheck (25)
These protections can be combined together to Fault recorder
implement the required scheme. When directional Autoreclosure (79)
protections are used, some binary inputs and Lock out (86)
outputs can be dedicated to the logic selectivity. Reverse power (32).
The following protections and related functions At most 24 protection functions can be instantiated
are available. inside the REF542plus unit.
The maximum number is anyway dependent upon
Current Protection the available processing power.
Inrush blocking (68)
Overcurrent Instantaneous (50)
Overcurrent definite time, 2 thresholds (51) Control
Overcurrent directional, 2 thresholds (67) The control and automation capabilities inside the
Overcurrent IDMT (51 IDMT) REF542plus are extremely powerful. Traditional
Earth fault, 2 thresholds (51N) wired logic with electromechanical relays is
Earth fault IDMT (51 IDMT) replaced by software control schemes inside the
Earth fault directional, 2 thresholds (67N) unit. Simple interlocking against switching errors
Earth fault directional sensitive (67S). as well complex load shedding schemes can be
easily implemented with the control possibilities
Voltage protection offered by the REF542plus.
Over voltage Instantaneous (59) It is also possible to implement interlocking
Over voltage definite time, 2 thresholds (59) between switchbays connected to the same bus
Under voltage Instantaneous (27) bar system. This requires the availability of status
Under voltage definite time, 2 thresholds (27) information of the switching devices to and from
Residual over voltage, 2 thresholds (59N) other switchgear. The status information must be
provided by:
Line Protection Conventional, hard-wired ring bus system;
Distance (21) Using the ABB station automation system
allowing horizontal communication among the
Differential Protection REF542plus units connected on the interbay
Differential protection for motors and transformer bus;
(87) Using the CAN Open digital fieldbus.
Restricted earth fault for transformer (87N)
The REF542plus foresees different control modes,
Thermal protection selectable with the control key.
For cables, motors and transformers (49) In local mode, the HMI control buttons are used to
operate on the primary objects. Remote
Motor specific protection operations are inhibited.
Number of starts counting (66) In remote control mode, only switching actions
Locked rotor (51LR) from a remote control device like a station
Motor start (51MS) automation system are permitted. Local control
Low load (37) from the HMI is inhibited.
Unbalanced load (46) All the possibilities to operate on the primary
objects can be inhibited setting the unit to the no
Power Quality Mitigation control mode.
Power factor controller (55)
Switching resonance protection
THD Protection

13
 FUNCTIONS

The picture below shows an example of a circuit breaker.

Circuit breaker control

scheme.

Events and fault recording

The last thirty recorded events can be shown locally on the HMI display. Most
of events are related to protection activities. The event type and additional
information such as involved protection function, time and date, RMS value of
the interrupted current are registered.
The REF542plus unit can transmit the events to the station automation, when
connected to it. Events are stored in non-volatile memory, so they are
maintained also in case of power loss.

Event list on the HMI LCD.

14
 3

Fault recorder Fault records can be transferred locally to a

The REF542plus unit is equipped with a powerful personal computer from the HMI optical port with
and flexible fault recorder function. This function the Operating Tool on from the communication
can be used to record at most eight analog input interface. When extracted with the Operating Tool
channels and thirty-two binary signals. or from the embedded WEB Interface, the fault
The analog input signals are recorded with a records are automatically converted into the
sampling rate of 1.2 kHz for a time interval of at standard COMTRADE format. When retrieved from
least 1 second and for a maximum of 5 seconds. the communication interface, they can be
The recording time is a combination of pre- and converted with a utility program.
post fault time. The total recording capability is of 5 Fault records are stored in non-volatile memory, so
seconds: there can then be configured 5 records they remain available also after a power loss.
of 1 seconds or a single record of 5 seconds.
The recording can be started by a protection
event, by a binary signal change or by any user
defined condition.

Record of a cross-country
fault.

15
 FUNCTIONS

Time synchronization
GPS
REF542plus is equipped with an internal real time satellite
clock, which is used to time stamp events. The Satellite
antenna
internal clock is buffered by a special super
capacitor. In case of power loss, the stored
Substation
electrical energy in the capacitor ensures the Master clock
internal clock operation for at least twenty-four
hours. The date and time of the clock can be set Substation
Master clock
via the HMI Control Unit. and distributor
Switchboard
REF542plus internal clock can be kept starcoupler
synchronized to an external clock in different
ways.
When connected to a station automation system,
REF542plus can be kept synchronized via
interbay bus using the facilities of the used
protocol, if available. Accuracy depends upon the
protocol features and may vary from 3 ms (LON
LAG 1.4) to tens of milliseconds (SPABUS).
When better accuracy is required, REF542plus
can be synchronized using the dedicated optical
input port and a master clock, typically a GPS. The
accepted time formats are IRIG format B000, B002
and B003. The picture shows the time distribution
architecture for the synchronization.
When synchronized through IRIG B, REF542plus
unit guarantees an accuracy better of 1 ms and a Synchronization of the internal clock by a GPS master
resolution of +/- 500us. Very precise fault analysis clock and IRIG B port.
is then possible.

Interface to the primary process Wide rated range;

REF542plus unit offers a very flexible interface to No accuracy versus burden calculation;
the primary process, to acquire analog Standardized components;
measurements, to get binary signals and to send No saturation, no ferroresonance;
switching commands. Combined current and voltage sensor together
in the same physical unit.
Analog inputs The current sensor is based on the principle of the
The REF542plus unit has available at most eight Rogowski coil, which consists of a single air-cored
analog input channels for voltage and current coil. Due to the lack of an iron core, the saturation
measurements. The unit can connect both effects of conventional current transformers do not
conventional instrument transformers and non- exist anymore. Current sensors are thus well
inductive sensors. suited to be used with the distance and the
Thanks to their linear characteristic, non-inductive differential protection functions.
sensors provide greater accuracy and reliability in The current sensor output is a voltage signal
signal measurement. Compared to conventional proportional to the derivative of the primary current
instrument transformers, sensors have some being measured.
unique qualities directly affecting both the The numerical integration of the signal is
manufacture and the use of the switchgear. Some performed by the DSP inside the REF542plus unit.
of these features are: Four current sensors only with nominal currents
Linearity; 80160A, 160-480A, 480-1250A, 1600-3200A
cover all the applications.

16
 3

The voltage sensor is based on the resistive

divider principle, the measuring signal is directly
proportional to the measured value and it cannot
saturate. The signal is thus linear throughout the
whole measuring range.
The output signal is a voltage that is directly
proportional to the primary voltage. The figure
shows an example of a combined sensors. The
current and voltage sensors are encapsulated into
a single resin unit, and that is the reason why they
are often referred as combined or combi sensors.
Coupling electrode is incorporated in the sensor,
for voltage detecting systems (VDS) or for voltage Combined sensor in Block
presence indicating systems (VPIS). type (DIN) execution.

Binary inputs and outputs

The REF542plus unit acquires the primary objects
status with auxiliary contacts, which are read by In addition, the digital bus moves the intelligence
binary inputs, and sends commands using binary closer to the process, allowing the construction of
outputs. switchgear systems with increased configuration
Several signals coming from other components and maintenance flexibility.
are also monitored. Among the others, the The CAN Open interface allows connecting any
following operations are implemented using off-the-shelf product compliant with the CAN Open
binary inputs and outputs: standard, thus making the automation capabilities
Primary objects control and interlocking in the of the REF542plus almost unlimited.
switchgear; The picture below describes an architecture
Primary objects status acquisition (e.g. circuit where two REF542plus units and some IO
breaker in opened/closed position); modules are connected with the CAN Open.
Circuit breaker spring supervision (when
applicable).
Binary inputs are isolated by opto-couplers.
FIELDBUS I/O
Binary outputs can be implemented either with modules
mechanical relays or with static (semiconductor)
devices. In a switchgear with directly driven REF542plus
motors, static power outputs are usually required.

CAN Open (available on specific request)

The REF542plus is equipped on the main module
REF542plus
with a CAN Open standard interface. The CAN configuration tool
Open interface has two main purposes:
Replacing the switchgear internal hard-wired Intra-panel
wiring
connections by means of a high-speed digital
bus;
CAN Open standard devices connectivity
Circuit-
(intelligent IO modules, sensors, ...). breaker
Replacing the switchgear internal hard-wired
connections by means of a high-speed digital bus
Network
allows building new highly standardized management tool
switchgear with a more efficient life cycle. Fast
Panel A Panel B
interlocking data among several REF542plus
units can be exchanged on the CAN Open bus.
REF542plus CAN Open
connectivity.

17
 FUNCTIONS

Analog Output 4/0 20 mA module Interfacing a Station Automation System

An optional analog output module with four An optional communication module can be
configurable channels can be placed in the Base provided for interfacing a station automation
Unit. The output signal of this module can be set in system. The four different protocols available for
the range from 0 to 20 mA or 4 to 20 mA. Each of the REF542plus make possible to interface any
the four channels can be independently kind of station automation System, both from ABB
configured. The following quantities are selectable or from third parties.
to be transmitted:
Voltage measurements, both directly acquired The following typical functions are then possible:
and calculated; Primary objects status monitoring;
Current measurements, both directly acquired Primary objects control;
and calculated; Protections parameterization;
Apparent, active and reactive power; Measurements, alarms end events acquisition;
Cos phi; Fault recorder data acquisition.
Frequency.
These are the available protocols:
SPA-bus;
Analog Input 4 20 mA module LON-bus according to ABB Lon Application
An optional analog input module with six channels Guide (LAG) 1.4 definitions;
can be placed in the Base Unit (wide housing Modbus RTU;
only). These input channels work accordingly to IEC 60870-5-103 with the extensions for control
the 4 ... 20 mA current loop. Different type of functions according to VDEW (Vereinigung
sensors (temperature, gas density, etc.) can be Deutscher Elektrizittswerke = association of
connected to these channels. German utilities).
The sensor signal is acquired on the 4..20mA
channel. Inside the REF542plus the sensor signal The first two protocols, SPA-bus and LON
is treated in a binary way. When the sensor signal according to LAG 1.4, are ABB specific, while
is above the set threshold, its corresponding logic Modbus RTU and IEC 60870-5-103 guarantee
signal becomes active. open connectivity to any third party system.
The analog input module is placed in the same The picture below shows a few REF542plus units
slot of the analog output module; analog input connected with LON to an ABB system.
module and analog output module are then The LON LAG 1.4 protocol has specific features
mutually exclusive. for high accuracy time synchronization; in this
case the REF542plus units are synchronized from
the interbay bus.
Moreover, the presence of the Ethernet port on the
MicroScada REF542plus extends the potential future
station control
connectivity of the REF542plus unit.

Both Modbus RTU and Spabus protocols can run

on a module equipped with two serial channels.
GPS Clock
The simultaneous use of the two serial channels
as physical redundancy is not possible. The
connection to two different SCADA system is
possible (for the Spabus, provided that one of the
1,25MB/s LON LAG 1.4
(optical interface) two SCADA is for monitoring purposes only).

RER111 Starcoupler

RE542plus units connected to an ABB

station automation system. Time synchro-
REF542plus REF542plus REF542plus
nization is done over the interbay bus.

18
 3

Embedded WEB Server

REF542plus can be equipped with an embedded
WEB server for monitoring purposes (WEB REF).
The Ethernet port on the main module provides
connectivity to the WEB.
By using a standard PC with a commercial WEB
browser, the user can gain access to the
substation units using the WEB facilities.
Monitoring the substation units is then possible
from everywhere; the implemented security
mechanism prevents unwanted accesses and
guarantees the required safety.
As soon as the browser is connected to the Motor WEBREF
REF542plus unit, the switchgear overview is Control Network Communication Alarm Interlocking error Last update 0 seconds

displayed. From here, the user can scroll through Local and remote / Operational 2002/12/13 14:42:30 English Deutsch

the single line diagram. Monitor Control Protection Service Configuration Help
Clicking on the address button, the specific Control
REF542plus unit single line diagram is loaded,
Single Line Diagram
with also all the information that would be M1
normally available standing in front of the HMI.
REF542plus data are available in read mode only 0% 50% 100%

(monitoring access). M2
M1: IL1
WEB REF makes also available the possibility to M1: U1E
send SMS messages via the GSM network upon M 0% 50% 100%

M3
specific, user defined condition (trips, alarms, etc.). REF542plus main page as
A suitable GSM modem must be connected to the 0% 50% 100%
seen from the Internet
mainboard module. browser.

WEBREF

WEB Switcboard
Motor Feeder 1

M1: IL1 M1: IL1

M1: U1E M1: U1E

M M

Switchgear equipped with

10.41.72.80 10.41.72.82
REF542plus: single line
Next < > diagram as seen from the
Internet browser.

19
20
 4
APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Automatic transfer switchover 22

High speed transfer system (HSTS) 23

Motor management 24

Power transformer management 25

Distribution networks management 25

Overhead and cable lines 26

Power quality 27

21
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES

This section illustrates a few typical REF542plus Automatic switching is required in installations
applications; where its flexibility is of utmost where the power supply must always be
advantage both in terms of safety of operations guaranteed to meet process continuity
and cost effectiveness. requirements.
In all the following applications, the REF542plus is REF542plus carries out the automatic transfer
the only unit installed in the switchgear. No switchover in about 500 milliseconds (circuit-
additional relays or devices are needed. breaker operating time included); the exact time
It is worth noting that in all the different value depends upon the software complexity of
applications, the REF542plus hardware is always the required commutation logic.
the same, customized to the specific needs by Switchgear equipped with suitably programmed
means of software configuration only. The software REF542plus units constitute a complete, efficient
customization guarantees several important system able of controlling the switching between
benefits to the user: one power supply system and another alternative
Maximum flexibility also after switchgear one, or reconfiguring the network by switching
commissioning, changes and extensions are from dual radial distribution to a single system in a
done via software. No new wirings are needed. fully automatic way.
One kind only of spare parts instead of several User personnel can also carry out the same
different relay types for incoming feeders, motor switching manually from a station automation
feeders etc. Spare parts costs are kept at the system or standing in front of the switchgear.
real minimum. Manual switching involves performing the parallel
One human machine interface only to learn. passing: the power supply lines are closed
simultaneously using the synchro-check function
when the two voltage vectors are synchronous,
Automatic transfer switchover and then subsequently returning to the
The REF542plus unit can be used in medium disconnected state when the switching has been
voltage switchgear for managing the automatic completed.
and manual switching between two different These applications do not require any
incoming lines. instrumentation in addition to the REF542plus.

Automatic transfer with

REF542plus.

22
 4

High speed transfer system (HSTS)

The classic automatic transfer switch described in
the former paragraph is not always enough. In
really demanding applications with very sensitive
loads, such as paper mills, power plants, any
voltage drop is catastrophic. In these situations,
the transfer has to be the fastest.
The automated load transfer to an emergency
feeder in less than two cycles enables to avoid
expensive downtime, and enhances the protected
bus bar supply quality, providing at the same time
full short circuit protection.
Using fast circuit breakers such as VM1 T vacuum
magnetic actuated type, when the two feeders are
synchronous and all the other conditions are met,
the REF542plus based high speed transfer
system guarantees a switch over time of 30ms.
The system is composed of:
the SUE 3000 controller
the REF542plus units
the VM1 T circuit breakers.

SUE 3000 HMI high speed transfer controller with three breakers configuration.

The picture shows the system single line diagram for a two breakers configuration.

REF542plus feeder terminals

Feeder 1 Feeder 2

VS/FDI VS/FDI

Fast VM1 Fast VM1

SUE3000

Busbar High speed transfer system

with two breakers configu-
ration architecture.

23
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Feeder 1 is normally closed and feeds the bus bar. Motor management
Feeder 2 is the stand by alternative feeder. The REF542plus unit is suitable for controlling
The two REF542plus units on Feeder 1 and and protecting medium voltage motors of any size.
Feeder 2 take care of the usual control and The motor can be actuated using both circuit
protection functions. In addition, they have active breakers and contactors with mechanical or
the voltage supervision VS/FDI (Voltage Sensing electric hold operating mechanisms. When
Fast Detection Indicator) function block to configured accordingly, the REF542plus is able to
immediately detect and signal any power loss/ manage motor shutdown, acceleration and
drop. The VS/FDI allows alerting the SUE 3000 restarting.
controller in less than 3ms. Following a failure or transient voltage drop in the
When the REF542plus feeder terminal 1 detects a power supply, the REF542plus is able to
power loss, it communicates it to the SUE 3000 supervise the motor disconnection and if required
that gives simultaneously the opening command to send the command for re-insertion, in complete
to Feeder 1 and the closing command to Feeder 2. autonomy. Here below there is a typical example
The SUE 3000 continuously monitors the two of motor management sequence.
feeder voltages to verify that the proper conditions The installed motor control configuration
for the high speed transfer are met. The SUE 3000 intervenes when the power supply voltage falls
compares, on a permanent basis, the phase angle below the set value that causes opening. The
and the frequency difference between the voltage REF542plus unit starts then timing the power
of the bus bar and of the stand-by feeder. supply failure duration.
Also the voltage amplitude of the stand by feeder When the power supply is restored, the
is verified, to be above a certain threshold. REF542plus unit decides what action to take:
This continuous monitoring ensures that the if the power supply failure time is less than the
minimum short transfer time is achieved, the set acceleration time, it will close the actuator
transient effects of which represent no danger to immediately, thus accelerating the motor;
the connected loads. if the power loss time is greater than the
acceleration time but less than the restarting
time, it will start timing a different delay motors
by motors to switch them back in again in a
predefined order;
if both time periods have been exceeded, the
REF542plus unit will reset the procedure,
awaiting an external command.

REF542plus motor mana-

gement diagram.

24
 4

The sequence for the circuit-breakers being Distribution networks management

switched, the voltage thresholds, time delays and The REF542plus unit, when used in distribution
restarting enabling functions are configured in the networks, provides the highest degree of
REF542plus unit. selectivity for tripping in the event of faults, quickly
isolating the fault equipment and leaving
undisturbed the supply for the unaffected loads.
Power transformer management Both ring and radial networks are controlled and
The protection of power transformers is the result protected by REF542plus units with the same
of a compromise between technical and effectiveness.
economical considerations. Also usual practices of The REF542plus offers two directional over
the electrical system designer have a relevant current protection thresholds (67) and three
weight in the choice of the protection functions directional earth fault, one of them sensitive (67S).
scheme to be used. Using these directional protection functions and
REF542plus offers a wide set of protection suitable logic, the REF542plus identifies and
suitable for small, medium and large power locates faults (line bus bar or loads), isolates them
transformers, to meet all the requirements. by opening the smallest possible number of circuit
For small and medium sized transformer, usually breakers, to limit the supply switch off at the
over current and thermal protections are judged minimum.
sufficient. The REF542plus unit via its digital inputs Logic selectivity between two REF524plus units
manages also other binary signals like the can be achieved by means of wire connection; the
Buccholz realy. maximum distance between the two neighboring
is about 1200 meters.
Differential protection and restricted earth fault
Important transformers, with power of a few Mega
Watts, or of particular relevance for the power
distribution network, are often protected also by
Relay
the differential protection against phase-to-phase
faults.
Opens
The restricted earth fault protection can be used
when the neutral of the downstream system is
connected to ground at the power transformer.

Ring network

Relay

Relay

B Circuit-breaker Radial network

67 Protection function
C Forward
D Backward

25
 APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Overhead and cable lines The fault location is indirectly identified using the
Medium voltage overhead lines for power distribu- impedance per unit of length of the line. In this
tion are considerably shorter than overhead high case, the line impedance Z (with a homogeneous
voltage lines for power transmission. line) is proportional to the fault distance.
Nevertheless, medium voltage lines are subjected The distance protection comprises a starting logic,
to the same kind of faults: both transient like tree an impedance measuring logic and a direction
arms fallings and permanent like conductor identification logic.
breakdown. Fault detection and elimination is in Starting logic: it detects the fault condition.
some case problematic, especially in complex Impedance measuring logic: it determines the
meshed networks. distance of the zone in which the fault has
The REF542plus distance protection is very occurred.
suitable to be used for medium voltage distribution Direction identification logic: it verifies whether
lines protection in networks with meshed topology. the fault is located in the same direction as the
The REF542plus distance protection can be line being protected.
indifferently used in pure cable networks, pure The REF542plus distance protection offers 5
overhead line networks and mixed installations different zones, 2 of them for predefined use
(cable-overhead line or overhead line-cable). The (overreach and directional back up). There is also
neutral can be insulated, directly grounded or a non-directional tripping zone, independent from
grounded with impedance. the impedance, for back up.
The distance protection is used for short circuits The extremely flexible auto reclosing function
selective interruption using the fault impedance as complements the REF542plus distance protection.
the main discriminating quantity. The impedance For example, in case of mixed cable-overhead
between the point where the protection device is lines sections, it is possible to block the auto
installed and the point where the fault has reclosing function for cable faults using the auto-
occurred is measured on the outgoing line. If the reclosing stop zone.
impedance value is lower than the set value, a trip
is issued and the line is interrupted. The pictures show an example of zones configura-
tion and I-Z plane diagram.

Zones configuration and

I-Z plane diagram.

26
 4

Power quality The resonance protection (ABB patented) in the

The REF542plus is equipped with functions both REF542plus unit prevents these dangerous
to monitor and to increase the power quality. resonance conditions. Sensing the increase in the
Industrial loads are becoming more and more harmonic content, the resonance protection
sensitive to power quality parameters like switches off the inserted bank, de-tuning the power
harmonic contents; while utilities billing policy system. Depending on the setting, the power factor
penalize poor power factor. controller can then undertake other remedial
actions to follow the set target power factor.
Integrated power factor controller with The following figure shows the voltage total
resonance protection harmonic distortion (THD) increase when
The REF542plus unit offers a power factor switching on a capacitor bank. The THD remains
controller able to switch up to four capacitor banks. above the set trip threshold level after the typical
This function allows integrating the reactive power hundred of milliseconds of the transient. The
compensation in the medium voltage switchbay, resonance protection then clears the dangerous
without the need of additional components. Rated condition switching off the capacitor bank.
power up to tens of Mvar can be switched on and
off to follow the set target power factor for any load THD protection
conditions. Harmonics have significant unwanted impact on
A problem that might occur when power factor power distribution systems and the loads they feed.
correction capacitors are switched on is harmonic Typical negative effects are overheating, current
resonance. demand increases, over voltages. Negative
The power system becomes tuned to a specific sequence harmonics reduce forward torque in
frequency due the combination of the loads motors, while increasing the current.
inductance and the added capacitance. The power REF542plus THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
system is then resonating at this frequency. protection prevents these negative effects. The
Harmonic resonance results in severe voltage and protection issues the trip when the harmonic
current distortions, with increased losses and content is higher than the set threshold. The
equipment overheating. content is analyzed up to 1500Hz, which results in
the 25th harmonic for 60Hz system and a 30th for
50Hz one.

Resonance condition
caused by switching on
a capacitor bank.

27
28
 5
CONSTRUCTION

Base Unit versions 30

External dimensions 30

Mounting and installation 31

29
 CONSTRUCTION

Base Unit versions Backplane differs from 4/0 ... 20 mA analog output
The REF542plus Base Unit housing is made from module and communication module. The
aluminum sheets. Its exterior is chromatized both backplane type has to be specified.
to protect the housing against corrosion and to The wide housing can additionaly house:
improve immunity against EMC disturbances. Two other 2 binary input and output modules,
different housings are available: the communication module,
Standard, alternatevly the 4/0 ... 20 mA analog output
Wide. module or the 4 ... 20 mA analog input module.
In both versions, at least the following modules Note: the 4 ... 20 mA analog input module can be
have to be present: used with the wide housing only.
the power supply, the mainboard, the analog
input module, one binary input and output Standard housing summary
module. One power supply;
The standard housing can additionaly house: One mainboard module;
another binary input and output module, One analog input module;
alternatively the communication module or the At most two binary input and output module;
4/0 ... 20 mA analog output module. Optionally the communication module or the
4/0 ... 20 mA analog output one.

External dimensions

Standard housing version dimensions. Wide housing version dimensions.

30
 5

Wide housing summary

One power supply;
One mainboard module;
One analog input module;
At most three binary input and
output modules;
Optionally the communication
module;
Optionally the 4 ... 20 mA analog
input module or the 4/0 ... 20 mA
analog output module.

Mounting and installation

The picture shows an example of
wide housing Base Unit installation
inside the low voltage compartment.
Thanks to the slider shown on the
left, the time required to dismount the
Base Unit or to replace a module is
extremely short. Four bolts keep the Base Unit installation
unit in place.

HMI
The HMI dimensions are shown in the following picture.

HMI dimensions.

31
32
 6
TECHNICAL DATA

Analog inputs and measurements 34

Protection functions technical data 37

Configuration restriction 42

Binary inputs and outputs 43

Interfaces 44

Power supply 45

Environmental conditions 45

Protection degree 45

Type test 45

33
 TECHNICAL DATA

Analog inputs

Measurements
The REF542plus unit uses the same analog inputs both for measurements and
protections. The measurement classes are according to the following table.

Quantity Accuracy Range

Phase current, earth current 1% 0.5 2.4 In
Line voltage, phase voltage 0.5% 0.8 1.2 Vn
Active, reactive energy 3% --
Active, reactive, apparent power 1.5% --
Frequency 0.02% --
Cosj 1.5 % 01

To achieve highest accuracy the instrument transformers or the sensors must have 0.5%
accuracy in the same range.

Protection
Class 3.

Current and voltage transformer input values

Rated current In 0.2 A or 1 A or 5 A
Rated voltage Un 100 V ... 125 V
Rated frequency fn 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Thermal load capacity

Current path 250 In (peak value), dynamic 100 In for 1s, 4 In continuous
Voltage path 2 Un /3 continuous

Consumption
Current path < 0.1 VA with In
Voltage path < 0.25 VA with Un

Current and voltage sensor input values

Voltage at rated current In 150 mV (rms)/50 Hz/60Hz
Voltage at rated voltage Un 2V (rms)
Rated frequency fn 50 Hz/60 Hz

34
 6

Analog input modules

Several different types of analog input modules are available, to cope with the different
protection functions.
The modules are equipped with the following combinations of input current and/or voltage
transformers:
3 or 6 current transformers for phase currents;
3 or 6 voltage transformers for phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltages;
1 or 2 current transformers for residual currents;
1 or 2 voltage transformers for residual voltages.
There are also versions for sensor inputs and mixed ones, to connect both conventional
instrument transformers and sensors.
At most, eight input channels are available.
If programmed, input channels can be supervised.
The following analog input types are available: (S means sensor input, CT means Current
Transformer input, VT means Voltage Transformer input).
Other combinations are available upon specific request.

Code Description
1VCF 750170R0804 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0806 3 VT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0807 3 CT+3 CT
1VCF 750170R0809 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0812 3 VT+3 VT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0817 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT
1VCF 750170R0819 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0821 3 CT+ +1 CT
1VCF 750170R0822 3 CT+ +1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0824 3 CT+3VT+1CT+1CT
1VCF 750170R0825 3 CT+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0826 3 CT+3 VT+1 VT +1 VT
1VCF 750170R0827 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT +1 CT
1VCF 750170R0828 3 CT+3 CT+1 CT +1 VT
1VCF 750138R0803 3 S+3 S+1 S+1 S
1VCF 750170R0843 3 S+3 S+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0846 3 S+3 VT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0847 3 S+3 S+1 CT
1VCF 750170R0851 3 S+3 S+1 CT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0852 3 S+3 S+1CT 0.2A
1VCF 750170R0853 3 S+3 S+1 VT+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0854 3 S+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 VT
1VCF 750170R0855 3 S+3 CT+1 CT 0.2A+1 CT 0.2A

35
 TECHNICAL DATA

Reaction time As a result, the protection reaction time, in the

In this context the protection reaction time is worst case, can be the user-defined pre set delay
defined as the time elapsed between the fault plus twice the cycle time.
detection and the closing of the contact that gives
supply to the circuit breaker tripping coil (or the Direct channel
equivalent tripping mechanism for magnetic drive In really demanding applications, the protection
or contactors). This time is the sum of different has to react as fast as possible and the system
intervals: behavior has to be absolutely deterministic. The
1 Fault detection time; REF542plus offers then to the protection system
2 User defined pre set delay (for definite time designer the direct channel option.
protection functions); Using this option, the programmed logic execution
3 Trip information processing; flow inside the unit is skipped and the trip
4 Relay output contact actuation. command is instantly delivered to the switching
The REF542plus is a protection and control unit object representing the circuit breaker. All the
and the programmed automation logic is executed interlocking conditions are nevertheless respected
cyclically in a PLCstyle mode. The cycle time, in and assured. Should the circuit breaker be
the range of ten millisecond, is depending upon blocked for any reason, e.g. insufficient SF6
the logic complexity. pressure, the trip command is not actuated. The
The REF542plus has an internal fixed direct channel option grants then an absolutely
compensation both for the relay output contact deterministic behavior to the REF542plus
actuation time and for the logic execution time. protection functions.
Nevertheless, the actual trip information
processing time depends upon the complexity of
the actual logic programmed inside the unit.

36
 6

Protection functions technical data

The table below illustrates the protection functions technical data.

ANSI Code Protection Function and parameters

Current protection functions
68 Inrush stabilization (only in connection with 50 and 51)
N = 2.0 8.0
M = 3.0 4.0
Time = 200 100.000 ms
68 Inrush Harmonic
Min current threshold = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
Harmonic ratio threshold = 5.00 ... 50.00%
Fault current threshold = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
50 Overcurrent instantaneous
I>>> = 0.10 ... 40.00 In
t = 15 ... 30 000 ms
51 Overcurrent high
I>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms
51 Overcurrent low
I > = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 30 ... 300.000 ms
51 IDMT Overcurrent IDMT (inverse definite minimum time)
Normal-, Very-, Extremely- or Longtime- inverse time characteristic
Ie = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
K = 0.05 ... 1.5
67 Overcurrent directional high
I>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
Direction = backward, forward
67 Overcurrent directional low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
Direction = backward, forward

Earth Fault (1)

51N Earth fault high
IE>> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
51N Earth fault low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 30 000 ms
51N IDMT Earth fault IDMT (inverse definite minimum time)
Curve type= standard, very, extremely or long time inverse time characteristic (1) The use of the current
Ie = 0.05 ... 40.00 In balance transformer
K = 0.05 ... 1.5 (accuracy class 1) is
recommended to apply
the lowest setting (0.05
In).

37
 TECHNICAL DATA

67N Earth fault directional high

IE>> = 0.05 ... 40.00
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
Vo = 0,02 ... 0,7 Un
direction=forward, backward
net type=isolated (sin j), earthed (cosj)
67N Earth fault directional low
IE> = 0.05 ... 40.00 In
t = 40 ... 300.000 ms
Vo = 0,02 ... 0,7 Vn
direction=forward, backward
net type=isolated (sin j), earthed (cosj)
67S Earth fault directional sensitive
I0 = 0.05 ... 2.00 In
t = 100 ... 10.00 ms
Angle a = 0 ... 20
Angle d = -180 ... 180
U0 = 0.05 ...0.70 Un

Voltage protection functions

59 Overvoltage instantaneous
U>>> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 15 ... 300.000 ms
59 Overvoltage high
U>> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
59 Overvoltage low
U> = 0.10 ... 3.00 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage instantaneous
U<<< = 0.10 ... 1.2 Un
t = 15 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage high
U<< = 0.1 ... 1.2 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
27 Undervoltage low
U< = 0.1 ... 1.2 Un
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
25 Synchronism check
Delta Voltage (D U) = 0.02 ... 0.40 Un
Time = 0.2 ... 1.000,00 s
Delta Phase (D j) = 5 ... 50
59N Residual overvoltage high
UNE>> = 0.05 ... 3.00 Un
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms
59N Residual overvoltage low
UNE> = 0.05 ... 3.00 Un
t = 20 ... 300.000 ms

38
 6

Motor protection functions

49 Thermal overload protection with total memory
Nominal Temperature = 50 ... 400 C (nominal temperature at I nom)
Nominal current (Ie) = 0.1 ... 5.0 In (primary value of the nominal motor current)
Initial Temperature = 10 ... 400 C
Time Constant at I < 0.1 Ie = 10 ... 100.000 s
Time Constant at 0.1 Ie < I < 2 Ie = 10 ... 20.000 s
Time Constant at I > 2 Ie = 10 ... 20.000 s
Maximum Temperature = 50 ... 400 C
Warning Temperature = 50 ... 400 C
Environmental Temperature = 10 ... 50 C
Reset Temperature = 10 400 C
51MS Motor start (adiabatic characteristic)
Ie = 0.2 ... 2 In (motor current) (2)
Is = 1.00 ... 20.00 Ie (start value)
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
I> = 0.2 ... 0.8 Is (motor start)
51LR Locked rotor (definite time characteristic)
Ie = 0.2 ... 2.0 In (motor current)
Is = 1.00 ... 20.00 Ie (start value)
t = 40 ... 30.000 ms
66 Number of starts
n (warm) = 1 ...10 (number of warm starts)
n (cold) = 1 ...10 (number of cold starts)
t = 1.00 .. 7200.00 s
T (warm) = 20 ... 200 C (temperature limit warm start)
46 Unbalance load
Is = 0.05 ... 0.3 In (start value of the negative phase sequence)
K = 2.0 ... 30.0
t Reset = 0 ... 2000 s
Timer decreasing rate = 0 100%
37 Low load
Pn = 50 ... 1000 000 kW (primary values)
Minimal load P = 5 ... 100% Pn
Minimal current I = 2 ... 20 % In
Op. time = 1 ... 1000 s

Differential protection functions

87 Differential
Transformer group = 0 ... 11
Transformer earthing = primary and or secondary side
Nom. current In on the primary side of the transformer = 10.0 ... 100.000 A (prim value) (2) The motor temperature
Nom. current In on the secondary side of the transformer = 10.0 ... 100.000 A (prim value) assumed by the number
Threshold current = 0.10 ... 0.50 In of starts protection is
Unbiased region limit = 0.50 5.00 In the one computed by
Slightly biased region threshold = 0.20 ... 2.00 In the thermal overload
Slightly biased region limit = 1.00 ... 10.0 In protection (49). If the
thermal overload pro-
Slope = 0.40 ... 1.00
tection is not used, the
Trip by Id> = 5.00 ... 40.0 In
number of starts protec-
Blocking by 2nd harmonic = 0.10 0.30 In tion always assumes a
Blocking by 5th harmonic = 0.10 0.30 In cold start.

39
 TECHNICAL DATA

87 N Restricted earth Fault (Restricted differential)

Reference nominal current = 1.00 ... 100000.00 A
Unbiased region threshold = 0.05 ... 0.50 In
Unbiased region limit = 0.01 ... 1.00 In
Slightly biased region slope = 0.01 ... 2.00
Slightly biased region limit = 0.01 ... 2.00 In
Heavily biased region slope = 0.10 ... 1.00
Relay Operate Angle = 60 ... 180
Time = 0.04 ... 100.00 s

Frequency protection function

81 Frequency protection
Start value = 40 ... 75 Hz step 0.01
Frequency gradient = 0.01 1 Hz/s step 0.01
Time = 0.1 ... 30.0 s
Undervoltage threshold = 0.1 ... 1 Un
Trip logic = freq. only / freq. and gradient / freq. or gradient

Frequency supervision
Frequency supervision
Start value = 0.04 ... 5 Hz
Time = 1 ... 300 s

Distance protection function

21 Distance protection
Net type = high/low ohmic
earth start IE> used or unused
switching onto faults = normal, overreach zone, trip after start
Signal comparison overreach scheme time set = 30 . 300.000 ms
U / I- Start characteristic:
I>, IE> and IF> = 0.05 ... 4.00 In
UF< = 0.05 ... 0.9 Un
Phase selection = cyclic/acyclic
Earth factor:
k = 0.00 ... 10.00, j (k) = -60 ... 60
3 Impedance, 1 overreach stage and 1 autoreclose control stage:
R = 0.05 ... 120 W (secondary values)
X = 0.05 ... 120 W (secondary values)
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms
1 directional stage
Direction 0 ... 90 or -45 ... 135
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms
1 non directional stage
t = 20 ... 10.000 ms

40
 6

Power Quality functions

Power factor controller
Switching sequence: linear, circular
Switching histeresis: neutral zone 105 ... 200 % of Qco
Pick up value: 0 ... 100 % of Qco
Reactive power of smallest bank Qco: 1.000 ... 20.000 kVar
Configuration banks: 1:1:1:1, 1:1:2:2, 1:2:2:2, 1:2:4:4, 1:2:4:8
Number of banks: 1 ... 4
Max switching cycles: 1 ... 10.000
Set point cos phi: 0.7 ... 1.000
Limiting value cos phi: 0.0 ... 1.00
Method of operation: direct integrating
dicharge blocking time: 1 ... 7200 s
dead time: 1 ... 120 s
power on delay: 1 ... 7200 s
duration of integration: 1 ... 7200 s
High harmonic protection
Voltage THD Startvalue = 5 ... 50%
Voltage THD Time Delay = 0.01 ... 360.00 s
Time = 0.05 ... 360.00 s
Rms Voltage Startvalue = 0.10 ... 1.00 Un
Switching resonance protection
Voltage THD Start value = 5 ... 50%
Delta Voltage THD Start Value = 1 ... 50 %
Voltage THD Time Delay = 0.01 ... 60 s
Time = 0.05 ... 60 s
PFC OP Time = 0.01 ... 120 s
Rms Voltage Start value = 0.1 ... 1.0 Un

41
 TECHNICAL DATA

Other functions
Fault recorder Recording time = 1000 ... 5000 ms
Pre fault time: = 100 ... 2000 ms
Post fault time = 100 ... 4900 ms
Max. 5 records
79 Autorecloser
Number of slot = 5
Reclam Time = 10 ... 1000 s
Specfic time first shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time first shot = 0.10 ...100s
Specific tme second shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time second shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specific time third shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time third shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specfic time fourth shot = 0.04 ... 30 s
Dead time fourth shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
Specific tme fifth shot = 0,04 ... 30 s
Dead time fifth shot = 0.10 ... 100 s
32 Directional power
Direction = forward, backward
Nominal real power Pn = 1 ... 1000 000 kW (primary values)
Max. reverse load P> = 1 ... 50 % Pn
Op. time = 1.0 ... 1000 s

Configuration restriction At most 15 energy counters can be configured.

There are some limitations that must be respected At most 10 analog threshold objects per analog
during the REF542plus configuration. input can be configured (analog threshold objects
At most 24 protection functions can be configured allow to undertake some actions depending upon
inside the unit. the level of voltage and current, see the
A protection function can activate only one single programming manual for more details).
direct channel.
The number of direct channel is limited to 24.
The configuration cycle time must be below 30ms, LCD and HMI
to guarantee the proper unit working. At most ten icons can be displayed on the LCD.
At most 1000 wires can be drawn, and the At most eight switching devices icons can be
connections are limited to 512. displayed on the LCD.
Only one store object can be configured. (The When binary I/O modules with mechanical relays
store object allows storing binary data between a are used, a maximum of seven switching devices
power fail and the next start up, see the can be controlled.
programming manual for more details). At most, 40 lines can be drawn.
At most 62 switching objects can be configured (a At most 32 signaling leds organized in 4 pages
switching object is used to represent a primary can be configured.
object like a circuit breaker, a contactor etc.) At most 48 Analog Warning Objects can be
installed.

42
 6

Binary inputs and outputs For both voltage ranges, the modules can be
Binary input and output modules are available in equipped with an optional static output (power
two main versions: with electromechanical relays transistor) on binary output 7, instead of the
and with static outputs (power transistor types). For normal electromechanical contact. This static
both of them, binary inputs are of the same type, output is usually needed to feed external energy
insulated with optic couplers. meters with pulses.
Inside a REF542plus unit, only modules of the To make wiring easier, there are also available
same type have to be present. It is not possible to board versions with the binary inputs minus (-)
have both static and electromechanical modules. connected together on the module by an internal
line.

BIO module with mechanical output relays

(type 3)
Binary input and output modules type BIO3 are
available in several versions.
High voltage, with inputs able to withstand a
voltage range from 85 up to 220VDC. The input
threshold activation level is 50VDC.
Low voltage, with inputs able to withstand a
voltage range from 24 up to 90VDC. The input
threshold activation level is 14VDC.

The table below shows the main features.

14 input channels Possible auxiliary voltage ranges:

20 to 90 V DC (threshold 14 V DC)
80 to 250 V DC (threshold 50 V DC)
Hardware fixed filter time 1 ms. Additional filter time can be configured in software.
6 power outputs . Maximum operating voltage 250 V AC/DC
(channels BO 1 to 6) Make current 20 A
Load current 12 A
Breaking capacity 30 W with L/R <15 ms
Operating time 3 ms
2 signal outputs (BO7 and 8) Maximum operating voltage 250 V AC/DC
and 1 watchdog output (WD) Make current 8A
Load current 2A
Operating time 3 ms
Optional: 1 static output Maximum operating voltage 250 VDC
on BO7 Make current 1.5 A peak
Load current 0.7 A continuous
Operating time 1 ms
1 coil supervision Coil OK when impedance below 10 Kohm.
circuit on BO2

43
 TECHNICAL DATA

BIO module with static outputs

The technical data for the binary input and output module with static outputs are listed below.
This module is full range and covers the complete voltage range from 48 up to 265VDC.

14 inputs (BI 1-14) Auxiliary voltage range:

48 to 265 VDC (Threshold 35 VDC)
Hardware fixed filter time 1 ms. Additional filter time can be configured in
software.
3 power outputs Operating voltage 48 to 265 VDC
(BO1,2 and 7) Make current 70 A for t 10 ms
Load current 12 A for t 30 s
Operating time 1 ms
4 power outputs Operating voltage 48 to 265 V DC
(BO3 to 6) Make current 16 A for t 10 ms
Load current 10 A for t 30 s
Operating time 1 ms
2 signal outputs (BO8,9) Operating voltage 48 to 265 V DC
and 1 watchdog output (WD) Make current 0.3 A
Operating time 1 ms
2 coil supervision circuits Coil OK when impedance below 10 Kohm
on BO1 and BO2 channels

Interfaces Communication to a station automation system

(optional)
HMI Control Unit SPABUS, optical plastic fiber interface with snap-
Serial optical/electrical RS 232 interface to a PC in type connector; or glass fiber (multi mode) with
(at the front). F-SMA or ST connectors.
Galvanically insulated RS 485 standard
interface to the Base Unit (at the rear). LON (according to ABB LAG1.4), glass fiber (multi
Power supply. mode) optical interface with ST connectors.

Base Unit IEC 60870-5-103 with extension according to

Galvanically insulated RS 485 standard VDEW guidelines for controlling, glass fiber (multi
interface to the HMI. mode) optical interface with ST connectors.
RS 232 standard service interface.
Power supply. MODBUS RTU/SPA-Bus electrical interface with
two galvanically insulated SPA-Bus RS 485 ports
0/4 ... 20 mA Analog output module (optional) or optical interface with four standard ST
Four output channels 0 to 20 mA or 4 to 20 mA, connectors for glass fiber (multi mode).
freely configurable.
Ethernet Interface
4 ... 20 mA Analog input module (optional) Standard RJ45 connector on the main module.
Six input channels 4...20 mA.
CAN Open (optional)
Open style connector compliant with CAN Open
standard and ISO11898.

44
 6

Input for time synchronization (optional) Type test

The supported protocol is IRIG, format B000, Detailed information on type tests are listed in the
B002, B003. document: REF542plus. Type test certificate,
Glass fiber 1VTA400022.
Wavelength: 820nm
Max distance: 1500m Protection functions
Connector type: ST Protection functions are type tested according to
IEC 60255 standard series.
Input for HSTS (optional)
2 glass fiber optical inputs, ST connectors. Electro magnetic compatibility
1 glass fiber optical output, ST connector. All relevant tests are according to the following
Refer to SUE 3000 specific documentation for standard series:
more details. IEC 60255 for electromagnetic compatibility and
product standard;
EN 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility;
Power supply EN 50263 for measuring relays and protection
equipment.
Central Unit EN 60694 + IEC 60694 Amd.12000 for common
Rated voltage 110 VDC (-30%, +10%) specifications for high-voltage switchgear and
220 VDC (-30%, +10%) or control gears.
48 to 220 VDC (-15%, +10%)
Power consumption < 30 W (Typical, 2 BIOs) Insulation resistance
Greater than >100MOhm at 500V DC.
Inrush current < 10 A peak value for 200 ms
Admissible ripple Less than 10%
Mechanical robustness
According to IEC 60255-21-1.
HMI Control Unit
Rated voltage 48 110 VDC (-15%, +10%) Climatic conditions
110 220 VDC (-15%, +10%) Cold test according to IEC 60068-2-1.
Power consumption <6W Dry heat test according to IEC 60068-.2-2
Admissible ripple Less than 10%
Certifications
ATEX

Environmental conditions The REF542plus unit, when used as a motor

protection, can optionally comply with the directive
Ambient operation 94/9/EC from the European Community for
temperature -10 + 55C explosives environments. This directive defines
Ambient transport how motor protection units behave in potentially
and storage temperature -25 +70C explosive environment. The EC type certification
Ambient humidity Up to 95% without number from PTB (Physikalisch Technische
condensation Bundesanstalt) is PTB 02 ATEX 3000.
Altitude < 1000m a.s.l. When requested, ATEX certification must be
specified at ordering time.

Protection degree
Base unit
Housing: IP20.

HMI control unit

Front: IP 44
Rear: IP 20.

45
46
 7
CONNECTIONS

Connector plates 48

Binary input and output connections 51

Typical connection schemes 53

47
 CONNECTIONS

Connector plates
The pictures show the connections
plate for REF542plus both in the
standard and wide housing versions.
The wide housing version can house
three binary input and output
modules, the communication
module, the 0/4 ... 20 mA analog
output module or alternatively the
4 ... 20 mA analog input module.
The standard housing version can
house at most two binary input and
output modules and alternatively the
communication module or the
analog output module.

REF542plus standard housing connections plate with mixed analog input

connector and connector for the communication module.

REF542plus standard housing connections plate with mixed analog input

connector and connector for the 0/4 ... 20 mA analog output module.

REF542plus wide housing connections plate.

48
 7

The connectors meaning is explained in the Connector Meaning

following table. X10 Base unit power supply
A few connectors have different meaning X20 First BIO, inputs
depending upon the used communication module X21 First BIO, outputs
type. X30 Second BIO, inputs
Sensors connectors X87 and X88 are placed X31 Second BIO, outputs
instead of X80 when only sensors are used. X40 Third BIO, inputs
X41 Third BIO, outputs
X50 Analog Output 0/4 ... 20 mA or Analog input 4 ... 20 mA
X60 Modbus RS 485, channel 2; COM L-COM I TX; SPABUS RX
X61 Modbus RS 485, channel 1; COM L-COM I RX; SPABUS TX
X62 Opt. Modbus, RX channel 1
X63 Opt. Modbus, TX channel 1
X64 Opt. Modbus, RX channel 2
X65 Opt. Modbus, TX channel 2
X70 Ethernet Interface
X71 CAN interface
X72 RS 232 Service port
X73 Connection to HMI
REF542plus HMI connections plate. X20 is X74 Time synch optical input
the connection to the Base Unit. X10 is the
X75 HSTS Input
power supply.
X76 HSTS Input
X77 HSTS Output
X80 Connector for CTs and VTs
X81 Sensor 1
X82 Sensor 2
X83 Sensor 3
X84 Sensor 4
X85 Sensor 5
X86 Sensor 6
X87 Sensor 7
X88 Sensor 8

Analog inputs connections

The analog input connector plate changes when
conventional instrument transformer, sensors or Connector for sensors
mixed combinations have to be connected. analog input module.
When sensors are used, they are connected with
double line ST type connectors.
X81 corresponds to sensor 1, and X88 connects
sensor 8. They can be indifferently current or
voltage sensors. The choice is a software configu-
ration inside the REF542plus unit.
When conventional instrument transformers are in
use, the connector looks like in the picture below.

Connector for conventional

instrument transformers.

49
 CONNECTIONS

Binary input and output connections

Binary inputs and outputs modules use the following connectors:
X20 (inputs), X21 (outputs) for the first module;
X30 (inputs), X31 (outputs) for the second module;
X40 (inputs), X41 (outputs) for the third module, available with the wide case only.
The picture shows binary inputs of two BIO3 modules (X20 and X30 connectors), both with
separated and connected minus.

Binary inputs types.

50
 7

The following picture shows the first BIO3 outputs for the two different module types:
electromechanical and static.

Binary outputs types, elec-

tromechanical types on the
left and solid state on the
right.

51
 CONNECTIONS

In the electromechanical module, it is visible the

trip coil supervision on BO2. Binary outputs BO7
and BO8, normally used for signaling, are
exchange contacts. WD1 is the watchdog contact.
In the static output module, there are two trip coil
supervision circuits on BO1 and BO2.
The REF542plus can also be equipped with
binary input and output modules of BIO2 types.
This module type has electromechanical relays for
the outputs and presents slight differences with
BIO3 Modules.
An example of BIO2 module is in the picture.

Binary outputs of BIO2 module type.

52
 7

Typical connection schemes

Some exemplary connection schemes are reported below. Many others are
possible.

Generic Outgoing Feeder

This picture represents the typical connection scheme for outgoing feeders,
when both voltage and current protections are required. There is also a
current balance transformer for earth fault current sensing. Analog input
channel 8 is not used.

Generic Outgoing feeder.

53
 CONNECTIONS

Feeder with differential protection The used analog input board has 8 inputs for
The schematic diagram below shows the currents. The first 6 channels are used for the
connection for a power transformer feeder with differential protection; channel 7 is used for the
differential, earth fault and restricted earth fault restricted earth fault protection and channel 8 for
protection. the earth protection.

Power transformer differen-

tial protection.

54
 7

Incoming feeder with synchrocheck Channels 4,5,6 are used for phase to earth
The picture below shows a possible connection voltage measurements and protection of the
diagram for a generic incoming feeder with incoming feeder. Channel 7 is used for the
synchrocheck function on the bus bar. residual current for earth fault protection while
Channels 1,2,3 are used for current sensing and channel 8 is used for phase-to-phase voltage
current protection functions. to perform the synchrocheck.

Incoming feeder with

synchrocheck capability.

55
56
 8
INFORMATION

Document information 58

Product information 58

57
 8
INFORMATION

Document information
Revision History
Document revision Date Note
1VTA100001-Rev 6, en 25.10.2002 Last revision for Rel 1.1, sw version V4C01
1VTA100001-Rev 7, en 15.09.2003 Rel 2.0, sw version V4D02

Product Information
Australia India
ABB Australia Pty Limited ABB Limited - Design & Development
PTMV / MV Air Insulated Panels and Switchboards MV Switchgear Division
Bapaume Road plot No. 79 Street No. 17
Moorebank NSW Australia 2170 Nashik -PIN- 422007
Phone: +61 2 9821 0269 Phone: +91 0253 2351095
Fax: +61 2 9602 2454 Fax: +91 0253 2350644
E-mail: abbptmv.aus@au.abb.com Internet: http://www.abb.com
Internet: http://www.abb.com/au
Switzerland
China ABB Secheron SA
ABB Xiamen Switchgear Co. Ltd Medium Voltage
Engineering Rue des Sablieres 4-6
ABB Industrial Park, Torch Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, CH 1217 Meyrin
Xiao Dong Shan Phone: +41 22 306 2646
Xiamen S.E.Z., Fujian 361006 Fax: +41 22 306 2682
Phone: +86 592 6026-033 Ext. 4061 E-mail: info.secheron@ch.abb.com
Fax: +86 592 603-0525 Internet: http://www.abb.ch
Internet: http://www.abb.com
Egypt
Czech Republic ABB Arab Technical Marketing
ABB s.r.o. Industrial Zone B1
MV Switchgear 10th of Ramadan City
Videnska 117 Phone: +2 15 36 1288
61900 Brno Fax: +2 15 36 1642
Phone: +420 5 4715 2413 Internet: http://www.abb.com/eg
Fax: +420 5 4715 2190
E-mail: info.ejf@cz.abb.com Germany
Internet: http://www.abb.com ABB Calor Emag Mittelspannung GmbH
Product Management
Italy Oberhausener Strae. 33
ABB T&D S.p.A 40472 Ratingen
Unit Operativa Sace T.M.S. Phone: +49 2102 12 1901
Product Management Fax: +49 2102 12 1808 1901
Via Friuli 4 E-mail: calor.info@de.abb.com
I-24044 Dalmine (BG) Internet: http://www.abb.de/calor
Phone: +39 035 395 111
Fax: +39 035 395 874 Korea
E-mail: sacetms.tipm@it.abb.com ABB Ltd.
Internet: http://www.abb.com/it Power Technology Medium Voltage
513 Sungsung-dong (Chonan Foreign Invested-Enterprises Industrial
Malaysia Park) Chonan, Chungchong-namdo, Post 330-300
ABB Transmission & Distribution Sdn. Bhd. Phone: +82 41 529 2458
Manufacturing Fax: +82 41 529 2500
Lot 608, Jalan SS 13/1K E-mail: swgr.info@kr.abb.com
47500 Subang Jaya, Petaling Jaya Internet: http://www.abb.com.kr
Selanggor Darul Ehsan
Phone: +603 5628 4888 Turkey
Internet: http://www.abb.com ABB Elektrik Sanayi. A.S.
Design & Engineering
Organize Sanayi Blgesi 2 Cadde: No. 16
Yukar Dudullu
81260 Istanbul
Phone: +90 216 365 2900
Fax: +90 216 365 2943
Internet: http://www.abb.com

58
Via Friuli, 4
I-24044 Dalmine

Fax: +39 035 395874

Tel: +39 035 395111

Internet://www.abb.com
Unit Operativa Sace T.M.S.

E-mail: sacetms.tipm@it.abb.com
ABB Trasmissione & Distribuzione S.p.A.
The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve the right
to make changes in the course of technical development of the product.
1VTA100001 Rev. H, en Release 2.0 SW Version V4D02 - 2003.11