Animal farm

Group 10,
Basics of Leadership

Work division
The novel consists of ten chapters. Each one of us was assigned with a chapter as
follows,
Chapter 01 Shubham Shinde
Chapter 02 Mohit Vijay
Chapter 03 Rachit
Chapter 04 Shubham Kaushal
Chapter 05 Tejas Gattani
Chapter 06 Vidit Jain
Chapter 07 Udit Singh Parihar
Chapter 08 Santhosh Manoharan
Chapter 09 Suyog Bodhankar
Chapter 10 Vaibhav Ganer
The chapters were assigned randomly with the introduction of a fun activity where
Santhosh was blind and Vidit put a particular number on his back and whoever
Santhosh takes the name of, was assigned with that chapter. Below is a picture from
the activity,

Influencing tactics and points in making us matter slide presented in the class are
identified chapter wise. After everyone completed their study on chapter assigned,
we gathered to discuss every point in group. The report was prepared by Shubham
Shinde (leader) and Vaibhav Ganer (reporter).

Chapter 1

Old major as an artist of identity

Old major in his speech criticizes humans severely. He says that animals are not
being treated properly and humans are taking all the benefits. He makes them
realise their abilities and powers, that the animals are capable to live on themselves.
He lists down contribution of every animal towards society and recalls their
productivity.
Use of rhetorical language can be seen in majors speech. Phrase like human is the
lord of animals to give an example. He also tries to put forward example to justify
his concern, like the one where he lists down products given by every single animal
to humans.

Old major as an impresario

Old major unites all the animals towards a cause i.e. freedom from humans. He builds
a social identity that all animals are equal and man is the enemy. He also predicts a
rebellion against humans, where all the animals are united and are fighting for a
cause.

Old major as an engineer of identity

Old major talks about how man has made their life miserable. He invokes the
capabilities of every animal in the farm and suggests animals are capable of doing
everything. He adds, but this is not the situation and humans are not even feeding
animals sufficiently. He also discredits the man as their leaders as humans have not
treated animals the way they should have been treated, helping build a out-group
identity to animals.

Influencing tactics
Legitimization - Old major forms some rules and urges every animal to follow the
rules.
Rational persuasion - through out the speech old major tries to portray humans as
bad and pernicious for the animal community.
Inspirational appeal - The old major expresses his concern towards the betterment
of all animals and idea of rebellion and self-dependency suggests his inspirational
appeal towards animals.

Chapter 2
Napoleon as Impresario of Identity
In the next morning after the rebellion with Mr. Jones, Snowball and Napoleon
convinced other animals to through their ribbons into the fire, telling them that its
a sign of slavery and burnt everything that remind them of humans.

Napoleon as Engineer of identity

Napoleon and Snowball know how to run the whole farm and when everyone was
confused about the buckets filled with milk then napoleon told other to focus on the
hay and to follow snowball.

Influencing tactics
legitimization - Snowball and napoleon changed the name of Manor farm to Animal
Farm and told others to call their farm animal farm and design seven amendments
to unite all animals for their welfare and to create sense of in-group and outgroup.

Ingratiation - Napoleon led other animal to food-shed and announces to double the
ration of every animal and some additional food.

Rational persuasion - Napoleon understood that cows havent milked from past 24
hours and ordered other pigs to milk them. This showed how napoleon was mentally
attached with other animals.

Inspirational appeal - When everyone was scared to go inside the Joness house,
snowball and napoleon take the lead and other followed them.

Chapter 3
Snowball as artist of identity
Snowball started ceremony every Sundays by hoisting of the flag which he created
as a symbol. Non-verbal tool was shown for creation of compelling vision of identity.
The flag was green to represent the green fields of England, while the hoof and horn
signified the future Republic of the Animals which would arise when the human race
had been finally overthrown.
Pigs as impresario of identity
Pigs used milk, apples and grass of orchards in their mash. Others opposed for this
idea but Squealer (on agreement of Snowball and Napoleon) convinced the other
animals by his explanation.

Snowball as engineer of identity

Snowball organized other animals into Animal Committees. He formed the Egg
Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild
Comrades' Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and
rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others, besides
instituting classes in reading and writing.

Influencing tactics
Legitimization- Snowball declared that the Seven Commandments could in effect
be reduced to a single
maxim, "Four legs good, two legs bad."

Consultation- Squealer consults and manages to make others believe that how
much it is important for pigs to have milk and apples.

Inspirational appeal- the pigs used words like, Gee up, comrade! and Whoa
back, comrade! to motivate the horses to do more work.

Chapter 4
Snowball as Engineer of Identity
Snowball was in charge of the defensive operations. Snowball derived strategies
based on his readings of Julius Caesar, he directs the defence and counterattack. He
also launches two waves at the intruders and then instructs the animals to retreat,
luring the men deep into the farm as a trap.

Snowball as an Impresario of identity

Snowball worked through the summer to spread word of the rebellion, sending out
pigeons. Snowball's ideals about Animalism: when Boxer experiences his crisis of
conscience, thinking he has killed the boy, Snowball scolds him for feeling guilty,
saying the only good human is a dead one.

Influencing tactics
Coalitions - Frederick and Pilkington disliked each other but joined forces against
common goal

Inspirational appeal - At the graveside of sheep, Snowball made a little speech,

emphasising the need for all animals to be ready to die for animal farm if needed.

Chapter 5

Influencing tactics
Ingratiation As winter approaches Mollie works less and less. She is bribed by
Pilkingtons men. She is bribed in return of her loyalty and acting as a spy for
Pilkington in animal farm
The increasing influence of pigs over other animals can be seen through following
influencing tactics,

Legitimization - Both Napoleon and Snowball have already been considered leaders
Consultation - Due to high knowledge of pigs and their ability to read and write they
are consulted in case of any problem
Rational Persuasion - Pigs rationally approach any problem and thus convince
everyone for their decisions and animals just ratify their decisions by voting
Snowball being considered as one of the leader and as ideal one. The influencing
tactics can be identified as,
Inspirational Approach - He considers all animals as equal and works as hard as
others
Rational Persuasion - He uses rhetoric and logic to sway animals
Legitimization - He was the most educated among pigs and was already being
consider as one of the leaders
Napoleon being considered as only leader.
Pressure - He uses force to convince others like he made 9 ferocious dogs chase
snowball out of the farm
Rational Persuasions - He uses mean tactics to get his way done
Legitimization - He was the second most educated pigs and was already being
considered as one of the leaders
Boxter as a source of inspiration.
Inspirational appeal: His phrase I will work harder and his hard work is a source of
influence to other animals.

Chapter 6

Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week, and in August
Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. The
work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself would have its
rations reduced by half
The above excerpt from the book shows an example of,
Exchange - Work on Sunday and dont have your rations reduced by half
Pressure - Napoleon is threatening to reduce ones rations if one doesnt work on
Sunday
His (Boxters) two slogans, I will work harder and Napoleon is always right,
The above excerpt from the book shows an example of,
Legitimization - The notion of Napoleon is always right for Boxter
Inspirational Appeal - The presence of self-motivation in Boxter
The needs of the windmill must override everything else, he said
The above excerpt from the book shows an example of Napoleon as an engineer of
identity by showing that he represents group interest

Nevertheless, the sight of Napoleon, on all fours, delivering orders to Whymper, who
stood on two legs, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new
arrangement
The above excerpt from the book shows an example of Napoleon as an artist of
identity. He is reinforcing the identity of Four legs is better than two legs.

And yet, against their will, they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency
with which the animals were managing their own affairs. One symptom of this was
that they had begun to call Animal Farm by its proper name and ceased to pretend
that it was called the Manor Farm.
The above excerpt from the book shows an example of Napoleon as an engineer of
identity. He is discrediting rival leaders (Mr. Jones)
This very morning we begin rebuilding the windmill, and we will build it all through
the winter, rain or shine. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our
work so easily. Remember, comrades, there must be no alteration in our plans: they
shall be carried out to the day. Forward, comrades! Long live the windmill! Long live
Animal Farm!
This is an example of Napoleon trying to inspire the farm animals to work tirelessly
for the windmill.

Chapter 7
It is very difficult for a reader to identify lesser evil of two Mr. Jones (Colonization)
& Napoleon (Dictatorship). Reader can conclude the similarities between the
leadership style of Mr. Jones and Napoleon. Chapter 7 represents an extreme case of
dictatorship by Napoleon.

Artist of identity
Modes of communication- Awful song was made praising napoleon and his sacrifice
for animal farm

Engineer of Identity
Realizing the goal In order to fool Mr. Whymper , sheeps recited their prosperity
and created a illusive stage by filling sand into empty grain bins.
Opposing resistance Fools Mr. Whymper to believe that animal farm is prospering,
in spite of animals starving to death.
In group prototyping Failed completely - Blood was shed by their own species,
hens and pigs were publicly prosecuted for outlawing.
Out group prototyping Snowball was shown as out-group and used as a scapegoat
for all animal farm misfortune.
Identity embedder Song was made to praise unity and richness of animal farm and
perpetually sung by sheeps.

Influencing tactics
Upward Boss Squealer praised Napoleon as greatest martyr, realizing that he was
cruellest Dictator. Sheeps endlessly sung song for the prosperity of animal farm.
Lateral Colleagues Pigs were treated equal(more equal) and used to drink beer
and dine with Napoleon for support
Downward Threats Continuous eggs were demanded from hens, denial to which
was met with reduction in ration, ultimately starving to death.
Legitimization Napoleon used his presidential position to murder outliers such as
pigs and hens.

Rational Persuasion Squealer used documents to proof that snowball is avenging

them by destroying windmill.

Pressure Public confessions were demanded for conspiracy against Napoleon and
animals were slaughtered to exemplify the fate of rebellions.

Chapter 8
Napoleon as engineer of identity
Napoleon constantly engineers the identity of the animal farm to satisfy his needs.
In this chapter, Napoleon realises that he can make a lot of money by trading with
men, but this against the previous motto of the animal farm. So he starts spreading
rumours about Fredrick that he was a cruel man and did atrocious acts towards his
farm animal and thus changes the general hate of the animals on humans to a hate
on Fredrick. He even changes the slogans that the pigeons carried from Death to
humanity to Death to Fredrick and breaks all relations with Pinch field farm, thus
leading his animals to work harder in spite of his trade relation with Mr. Pilkington.
But later when he learns that Fredrick was willing to pay more for the timber than
Pilkington, He again says that all the things they knew about Fredrick was a rumour
spread by Snowball and his agents. Once again, he changes the slogan from Death
to Fredrick to Death to Pilkington, and stops all relations with Foxwood, he also
says that Snowball is a pensioner of Pilkington, thus manipulating and engineering
with their identity to extract work from them.
Influential tactics
Legitimization - Napoleon changes the seven commandments to justify his actions
and also to influence the animals, In this chapter he changes the sixth commandment
to "No animal shall kill any other animal." to "No animal shall kill any other animal
without cause." To justify his executions. He once again changes the fifth
commandment from "No animal shall drink alcohol," to "No animal shall drink
alcohol to excess" in order to justify the pigs drinking whisky during the celebrations.

Rational Persuasion - In order to be a successful leader Napoleon realises that he

realises that he has to destroy snowballs reputation in order to remove any
impending doubt among the animals that snowball was a better leader than
Napoleon. So he creates many lies which act as logical reason for the animals to hate
Snowball.
Inspirational appeal -He makes squealer to constantly praise him among the
animals. He also gradually makes animals to call him our leader, our comrade
Napoleon. Pigs also create titles for him like to Terror of mankind, Protector of the
sheep- fold etc. He also makes Minimus to write a poem about how kind and
benevolent he was, and made squealer to pain the poem near the seven
commandments along with a portrait of him next to it. Later when the windmills
construction was over he named it as Napoleons mill . These factors increase the
inspirational appeal of Napoleon.

Chapter 9
Influencing tactics
Rational Persuasion - Spontaneous Demonstration once a week was conducted.
This was done to show the animals that the problems of the farm are being solved
and they are celebrating for it.
Although Boxer was sent to slaughterhouse in exchange of Whiskey, Squealer
announced that he had died in an accident. This made the leader look good for the
bad that he had done.

Legitimization - Proclamation of republic was done. This made the animals feel like
the leader is really chosen by them although there was only one candidate.
Squealers announcement of Boxers death was in order to avoid the followers
thinking that he was killed by Napoleon.

Inspirational appeal - Napoleon knew that the animals felt that humans were the
common enemy. So, he used their values against them by declaring that he found
evidence that Snowball was the leader of human. By doing this, he was able to
strengthen his leadership. By having proclaimed republic and giving holidays for
celebrating current situation, Napoleon was able to influence the followers.

Napoleon as an artist of identity

Napoleon always made the followers think that they are free and working for the
welfare of the farm, working for themselves. By telling this, he was able to create an
identity of animals for themselves and exploited it.
Impresario of identity
Social actions like spontaneous demonstrations were held. He also proclaimed
republic. In this way, he was able to convince the people that good things were
achieved and they should continue to work hard.

Engineer of identity
Napoleon made people feel that they were reaching the common goal of all being
self sufficient and independent of humans. The situation was not good food was
scarce and the windmill was not built. They wanted to be in a place without these
problems and Napoleon promised this.

Chapter 10
The final chapter of the novel depicts a complete transformation of the animal farm
which is now similar to how Mr. Jones treated the farm and animals.

Impresario of identity
The statement All animals are equal but some are more equal than other creates
an in-group inside an existing in-group of animals in animal farm. All animals are
served less food except for the case of pigs who enjoy everything.

Influencing tactics
Exchange - In the novel's final scene, a deputation of neighboring farmers are given
a tour of the farm, after which they meet in the dining-room of the farmhouse with
Napoleon and the other pigs. Animal Farm is now inexorably tied to its human neigh-
bors in terms of commerce and atmosphere.