Handbook Ip 20n Basic Training Course
Handbook Ip 20n Basic Training Course
Handbook Ip 20n Basic Training Course
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FibeAir IP‐20N Ceragon Training Course
Table of Content
Intro to Radio Systems ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 005
IP‐20N Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 029
Radio Frequency Units – RFUs ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 059
First Login…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 077
Shelf Management……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 085
ACM & MSE….…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………. 089
Radio Link Parameters…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………… 101
Automatic Transmit Power Control ATPC……………………………………….……………………………………. 107
IP‐20N XPIC Configuration……………………………….…………………………………………………………………. 113
Service Model in IP‐20N………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. 121
Protection System Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………….. 145
Multi Carrier ABC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 159
Licensing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 177
Native TDM ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 187
Configuration Management & Software Download…………………………………………………………… 205
Troubleshooting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 219
Header De‐Duplication………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 237
TCC Redundancy…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 247
Cascading Port Configuration …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 257
Course Evaluation Form………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 263
CERAGON TRAINING PROGRAM – IP‐20N Basic Training Course Sw 7.9
3
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4
Introduction to Radio Systems
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Radio Relay Principles
• Modulation
5
Digital Transmission Systems
f1
RF Signal
f1’
Path Terrain
6
High and Low frequency station
Frequency shift:
1,3H 1,3V 2,4V 2,4H 1,3H
Tx Tx Tx Tx Tx
7
Preferred site location structure
Input
signal
Z' E' A' B' C' D'
Digital Branching
Modulator Transmitter RF Tx Filter Feeder
Line interface Network(*)
TRANSMITTER PATH
D C B A E Z
Branching RF Rx Filter Demodulator Digital
Feeder Receiver
Network(*) Line interface Output
signal
RECEIVER PATH
8
RF Principals
• RF - System of communication employing electromagnetic waves
(EMW) propagated through space
• EMW travel at the speed of light (300,000 km/s)
• The wave length is determined by the frequency as follows -
RF Principals
• We can see the relationship between colour, wavelength and amplitude
using this animation
9
Radio Spectrum
12
10
Parameters Affecting Propagation
• Dispersion
• Humidity/gas absorption
• Multipath/ducting
• Atmospheric conditions (refraction)
• Terrain (flatness, type, Fresnel zone clearance, diffraction)
• Climatic conditions (rain zone, temperature)
• Rain attenuation
11
Parameters Affecting Propagation
Atmospheric Refraction
With Atmosphere
No Atmosphere
15 Proprietary and Confidential
Wave in atmosphere
12
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Multipath
• Multipath occurs when there is more then one beam reaching the receiver
with different amplitude or phase
• Multipath transmission is the main cause of fading in low frequencies
Direct beam
Delayed beam
Duct Layer
Duct Layer
Terrain
13
Parameters Affecting Propagation - Polarization and
Rain
• Raindrops have sizes ranging from 0.1 millimeters to 9 millimeters
mean diameter (above that they tend to break up)
• Smaller drops are called cloud droplets, and their shape is spherical.
• As a raindrop increases in
• size, its shape becomes more
• oblate, with its largest
cross-section facing the
• oncoming airflow.
14
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Rain Fading
3rd
2nd
1. EMW propagate in beams
1st RX
2. Some beams widen – therefore, their path is longer
TX
3. A phase shift is introduced between the direct and indirect
beam
4. Thus, ring zones around the direct line are created
Duct Layer0
Terrain
15
Parameters Affecting Propagation – Fresnel Zone
• Obstacles in the first Fresnel zone will create signals that will be 0 to 90 degrees out
of phase…in the 2nd zone they will be 90 to 270 degrees out of phase…in 3rd zone,
they will be 270 to 450 degrees out of phase and so on…
• Odd numbered zones are constructive and even numbered zones are destructive.
• When building wireless links, we therefore need to be sure that these zones are kept
free of obstructions.
• In wireless networking the area containing about 40-60 percent of the first Fresnel
zone should be kept free.
16
RF Link Basic Components – Parabolic Reflector Radiation (antenna)
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
17
Main Parabolic Antenna Types
Passive Repeaters
Back-to-back
antennas
Plane
reflector
18
Link Calculation – Basic Example (in vacuum)
Lfs
TSL Ga Lfsl Ga Lw
RSL ‐ Received Signal Level
Lb
TSL – Transmitted Signal Level
Lfsl ‐ Free‐space loss = 92.45 + 20 log x(distance in km x frequency in GHz)
Lf ‐ Filter loss
Lf
Lb ‐ Branching loss
Lw ‐ Waveguide loss
Ga – Antenna gain RSL
RSL=TSL+Ga‐Lfsl+Ga‐Lw‐Lb‐Lf
Atmospheric attenuation
Starts to contribute to the total attenuation above approximately 15GHz
Aa a d [dB]
Parameters in a:
Frequency
Temperature
Air pressure
Water vapour
19
Objective examples
• Typical objectives used in real systems
• 99.999%
• Month: 25.9 sec
• Year: 5 min 12 sec
• 99.995 %
• Month: 2 min 10 sec
• Year: 26 min
• 99.99%
• Month: 260 sec
• Year: 51 min
Modulation
32
20
Modulation
Modulation
Analog Digital
Modulation Modulation
Digital modulation
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted
Modem
signal. The simplest method uses 0 and 1800 .
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
F1 F2 F1 F1 F2 F1 F1
21
QAM Modulation
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase modulation
(PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the number
of modulation states used.
• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7)
alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique
modulation states
• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in 128
QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
• The points on the constellation are more distinct and data errors are
reduced
22
Constellation diagram
• In a more abstract sense, it represents the possible symbols that may be
selected by a given modulation scheme as points in the complex plane.
Measured constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of
interference and distortion in a signal.
23
4QAM VS. 16QAM
4QAM 16QAM
2048 QAM
24
Bandwidth vs. Modulation
2-PSK
4-PSK
Modulation Bandwidth
Complixity Decreases
Increases 8-PSK
16-QAM
64-QAM
Signal / Noise
• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
Signal
S/N Signal
Power
Power
Power
Power
S/N Signal
S/N S/N
Noise Noise Noise Noise
25
BER Impact on Transmission Quality
10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is
dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -6
10 -7
BER
10 -8
-75 -72 -69 -66
Receiver input level [dBm ]
Fading Margin
Time (s)
26
Thank you
45
27
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28
IP-20N Overview
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• IP-20N Product Highlights
• Network topology with IP-20N
• IP-20N Overview
• 1U and 2U chassis
29
FibeAir IP-10 Product Line - 2011
Ethernet + Optional TDM Ethernet Only
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal / Terminal /
Single-Carrier Single-Carrier
IP-10Q
Aggregation
Nodal Nodal
Compact
All-Outdoor
Terminal / Terminal /
Single-Carrier Single-Carrier
IP-20N IP-10Q
Aggregation
30
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
IP-20G
IP-20E
IP-20S
IP-20C
IP‐20
Platform
Ultra-high flexibility/modularity
Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability
31
FibeAir IP-20N – Product Highlights
• Optimized nodal solution
• Multi-Carrier ABC
• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Rich packet processing feature-set
• High Availability node
• Support for multi-operator scenarios
• Highest capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency
• High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution
• Best-in-class TDM migration solution using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation)
• Support Ceragon’ s current and future RFUs
• Purpose built for supporting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier radio links scaling to GE
capacity
• Future-proof with maximal investment protection
32
Network Topology Example (Tree)
33
Network Topology Example (Tree)
C C
C RFU-C 1+0
1+1
C C
IP‐20N C
C
C
2+0
1+1
C
IP‐20N
C
C IP‐20N
1+0 C C
C
1+0
2+0
C
2+0 1+0
IP‐10G C C
IP‐20N
IP‐20G
C C
IP‐20G IP‐10G
C RFU-C
E1s
Eth
IP‐10G E1s E1s
C 1+0 Eth Eth
E1s
C Eth
IP‐20N C 4+0
E1s 1+0 C 2+2 C IP‐20N
Eth C
IP‐10G C C C
IP‐20N E1s
4+0
IP‐20C Eth
1+0
C
Eth C
C 4+0 4+0 IP‐20N C
C C IP‐20G C C IP‐20N
IP‐20G C
1+1 1+1 Microwave C
C
2+2 C Ring 4+0
E1s E1s E1s IP‐20N
Eth C
Eth Eth C
IP‐20N
E1s
Eth
4+0
C
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
10GE Fiber
Edge
Ring
Router
IP‐20N
Edge
Router
34
IP-20N Overview
13
11 12
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
1 2
35
Slots Numbering
3 4 5 6
1 2 51
11 12 50
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
1 2 51
15 Proprietary and Confidential
2 RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
3-6 RMC
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
36
Card types per slot – 2RU
1 TCC
2,12 RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GE)
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
3 - 10 RMC
TDM– LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM– LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
TDM –LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
11 TCC
Recommendations
It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
• Slots 3 and 4
• Slots 5 and 6
• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)
• Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)
The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane
between these slot pairs
37
Traffic – Ethernet Matrix
2+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
3+0 Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
4+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
4+0 Dual Polarization (XPIC) Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC.
4+0 IF Combining Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
4+0 IF Combining and XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
1500HP.
5+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
6+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
7+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
8+0 Single Polarization Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC or LAG.
1+1 HSB Protection
1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity
2+2 HSB Protection Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity
2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC
Diversity and XPIC
2+2 HSB Protection with IF Requires Multi‐Carrier ABC and
Combining and XPIC 1500HP
38
TCC – Traffic control card
21
11
Traffic Control Card (TCC)
1
• Main functions:
• TCC-B – doesn’t support Multi-Carrier ABC, HSB support
• TCC-B-MC – required for Multi-Carrier ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support
• 1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
• 1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Network processor with 16 ports
• 10 Gbps switching capacity
• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity
• Shelf control and management
• Ethernet traffic management and switching
• Clock unit
39
12
7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
2
MNG port 1
MNG port 2
CPU
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb) Radio Card
Ethernet Switch
16 ports – 10Gbps
11
TCC Indicators & Connectors
1
1
Activity
LED
SYNC Serial Gigabit
Port Port Electrical Ports
40
TCC card – Interfaces pin out
26
41
12
Radio Modem Cards (RMC) 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
• RMC-A
• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem
• Supports up to 256QAM
• FibeAir IP-10 Series support across a link
• RMC-B
• Based on Ceragon’s new SoC modem
• Supports up to 1024QAM
• Supports XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware)
• Supports Header De-Duplication
RMC A RMC B
XPIC No Yes
Multi‐Carrier ABC No Yes
Modem type PVG modem Mars modem
Modulation 256 QAM + ACM 1024 QAM with Premium
RFU + ACM
FD and SD Yes Yes
IP20 communication with
Yes No
IP10 across a link
IP‐20N
IP‐20N
Multi – Carrier XPIC & Header Max available communication
Combination communication
ABC De‐ Duplication Modulation with IP‐10 across a
with IP‐20G
radio link
RMC‐A & RFU
No No 256 QAM Yes No
standard
RMC‐A & RFU
No No 256 QAM Yes No
premium
RMC‐B & RFU
Yes Yes 256 QAM No Yes
standard
RMC‐B & RFU‐
Yes Yes 1024 QAM No Yes
premium
42
12
Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E) 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
12
RMC Indicators & Connectors 7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
IF Connector
Handle Handle
43
ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards
31
Electrical LIC-XE4-Elec 2
• LIC-XE4-Elec
• Supports 4 GBE ports (one combo)
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• MDI/MDIX support
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
44
LIC-XE4-Elec 12
Handle Handle
Optical LIC-XE4-Opt 2
• LIC-XE4-Opt
• Supports 4 GBE ports (firs port is combo)
• Total 4x SFP
• Works only on slots 2 and 12
• Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
45
LIC-XE4-Opt 12
Handle Handle
36
46
LIC-T16 (16xE1/DS1) 12
7 8 9 10
Line Interface Card 3 4 5
2
6
• TDM-LIC
• 16 E1/T1s
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
12
LIC-T16 (16xE1)- Indicators & Connectors 7 8 9 10
3 4 5 6
2
Handle Handle
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
hardware failure
47
LIC-T16 (16xE1) 12
7 8 9 10
Connector and Synchronization Interface 3 4 5 6
2
• TDM-LIC
• 1 STM-1/OC3
• 1588 client clock and boundary clock as a future option
• The 1 x ch-STM-1 interface uses an optical SFP connector.
48
TDM LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1) 12
7 8 9 10
Indicators & Connectors 3 4 5
2
6
STM-1/OC3 SFP
Handle Handle
Card failure or
red ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Any alarms
hardware failure
TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST 7
3
8
4
9
5
12
10
6
2
49
Inventory Module (IVM)
43
50
IVM – Inventory Module
The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines the chassis and its slots,
including:
• Module types that can be inserted into the chassis, per slot
• Product and card names
• Internal MAC addresses
• Serial number
• Hardware versions
• Licensed features and capacities
The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains
two EEPROMs. If a redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is
dedicated to a specific TCC
IVM
EEPROM EEPROM
TCC 2 TCC 1
46
51
Mandatory Cards – PDC
Power Distribution Card
• Monitors the inputs signal
• Drives the -48V signal
• Converts the -48V signal to other power levels
• Different card for 1RU chassis and 2RU chassis
• 2U chassis uses two PDC card for redundancy
• 1U chassis uses dual input for redundancy
52
Power consumption specification
50
53
Mandatory Cards – Fans
• Four fans inside the fans module
• Powered up from -48VDC from the backplane
• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis
54
IP-20N Block diagram
53
IP-20N – Block Diagram
55
Traffic Path vs Internal Shelf Management Path
56
Thank You
57
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58
Radio Frequency Units
V1
1
April 2014
Agenda
• Radio Frequency units for IP-20N
• RFU Selection Guide
• RFU-C
• 1500HP / RFU – HP
• Split Mount Configuration and Branching
• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
• Split Mount Configurations
• Green mode
59
Radio Frequency units
• Standard Power
• FibeAir RFU-C
• High Power
• FibeAir 1500HP
• FibeAir RFU-HP
• The IDU and RFU are connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (up to 100 m/300 ft),
Belden 9914/RG-8 (up to 300 m/1000 ft) or equivalent, with an N-type connector
(male) on the RFU and a TNC connector on the RMC in the IP-20N chassis.
60
RFU Selection Guide
Split Mount √ √ √
Installation Type
All‐Indoor √
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √
Configuration
N+0 ( N>2) √
Adjustable Power
Power Saving Mode √
Consumption
QPSK to 256 QAM √ √ √
Modulation
512 to 1024 QAM √ √
RFU – C
61
RFU – C 6-42GHz
• Standard RFU – C
• Support up to 256 QAM modulation
• RMC-A or RMC-B
• Premium RFU-Ce
• Support up to 1024 QAM modulation
• RMC-B is required
1+1 direct
62
Orthogonal Mode Transducer (OMT) Installation for 2+0
Configuration
63
1500HP / RFU–HP
11
64
1500 HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
65
RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
HP Comparison Table
Feature 1500HP 2RX 1500HP 1RX RFU‐HP Notes
Frequency Bands Support 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8,11GHz 6L,6H,7,8GHz
Up to 30 MHz
Channel Spacing Support Up to 30 MHz 11 GHz version for Up to 60 MHz
40 MHz
All are compatible with OCBs
Split‐Mount √ √ √
from both generations
All‐Indoor √ √ √ All are compatible with ICBs
IFC ‐ IF Combining
Space Diversity BBS and IFC BBS BBS
BBS ‐ Base Band Switching
Frequency Diversity √ √ √
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2 √ √ √
N+1 √ √ √
N+0 ( N>2) √ √ √
High Power √ √ √
Remote Mount Antenna √ √ √
Power consumption changes
Power Saving Mode ‐‐ ‐‐ √
with TX power
1500 HP (11 GHz ) 40 MHz bandwidth does not support IF Combining. For this frequency, space diversity is only available via BBS.
66
Split Mount Configuration and Branching
67
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
All- Indoor Vertical Branching Split-Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact
New OCB
20
68
New OCB – Outdoor Circulator Block
• DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is
connected to the diversity port and chains two OCBs.
• Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)
• Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1
Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7
dB
• U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
• Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables
fast and easy installation.
69
1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration
N+0/N+1 Configuration
70
2+0 XPIC
71
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
DCB DCB
S-Bend
72
Green Mode
Significant Power Consumption Reduction
Automatic TX Power control for optimal power
consumption
29 Proprietary and Confidential
31dBm
80W
27dBm
56W
21dBm
41W
73
Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL
Monitored TX Consumed
Power State
Power power [W]
Normal ATPC
105 dB
150 dB
RX: ‐41dBm
Reference level: ‐40dBm
74
GREEN MODE setting the Green RSL to
-50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
Set “Green Mode” enable margin, as the mechanism will
Set “Green RSL” limit [dBm] increase TX power if
necessary.
10
155
0 dB
dB
RX: ‐52dBm
RX: ‐37dBm
RX: ‐42dBm
RX: ‐47dBm
Green level: ‐50dBm
15 dB
RX: ‐50dBm
RX: ‐52dBm
Green level: -50dBm
75
Thank You
76
First login
Agenda
77
Connecting to the Unit
CLI
Baud rate = 115200
Web/Telnet
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Default Username/password is admin/admin
3 Proprietary and Confidential
General commands
Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory
Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
78
Get IP address
CLI Command:
• Example
• Web
expand Platform branch, then Management branch and click on IP, set
accordingly and click Apply button
79
Set to default
• CLI Command:
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
80
Web Management
81
Set to factory default
Please note that IP address after Set to Factory Default will be not changed!!!
IP address settings
82
Web configuration manual
• For any CLI commands please follow our Web Manual
Thank You
83
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84
Shelf Management
October 2014
Version 2
Baud rate = 115200
Web
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow Control: None
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Default Username/password is admin/admin
2 Proprietary and Confidential
85
Chassis Configuration Window
Navigation Tree Configuration Area
Selection Area
3 Proprietary and Confidential
86
Configuring the Chassis (2/2)
Questions?
87
Thank You
88
ACM – Adaptive Coding and Modulation
MSE – Mean Square Error
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
89
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
• In ACM mode, the radio will select the highest possible link capacity based on received signal quality.
• When the signal quality is degraded due to link fading or interference, the radio will change to a more robust
modulation and link capacity is consequently reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and link capacity is restored to the original
setting. The capacity changes are hitless (no bit errors introduced).
• During the period of reduced capacity, the traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS - and TDM priority - settings.
• In case of congestion the Ethernet or TDM traffic with lowest priority is dropped. TDM capacity per modulation
state is configurable as part of the TDM priority setting.
90
Using MSE with ACM
MSE - Definition
91
To simplify….
3
3
2
1
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many
parts differ from the expected value
92
The difference from Expected value…
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
6mm 7mm 10mm 12mm 16mm
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
93
Calculating MSE
Error = 0 mm
Quantity
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16 + 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
Calculating MSE
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer to perfect
condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
94
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
I
As indicated in the previous
example, we can say that the
bigger the errors are – the
harder it becomes for the
11 10 receiver to detect & recover the
transmitted signal
95
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q
01 00 MSE would be the average
e1 errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
e2
I
When MSE is very small the
e4 actual signal is very close to
e3
the expected signal
11 10
Q
01 00 When MSE is too big, the
e1 actual signal (amplitude &
e2 phase) is too far from the
expected signal
I
e4
e3
11 10
96
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but
poor immune to noise
97
Triggering ACM with MSE
When ACM is enabled, MSE values are analyzed on each side of the link
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 till MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
-41 Downgrade
-38
-37
-34
MSE
-39 -36 -35 -32 -30 -27 -24 -21
98
ACM & MSE: An Example
When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will
switch back FASTER to a higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM
waits till MSE improves to the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to
switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
‐41 ‐38
‐39 ‐36 ‐35 MSE
ACM Benefits
• The advantages of IP-20N’s dynamic ACM include:
• Maximized spectrum usage
• Increased capacity over a given bandwidth
• 8 to 10 modulation/coding work points (~3 db system gain for each
point change)
• Hitless and errorless modulation/coding changes, based on signal
quality
• Adaptive Radio Tx Power per modulation for maximal system gain per
working point
• An integrated QoS mechanism that enables intelligent congestion
management to ensure that high priority traffic is not affected during
link fading
99
ACM and 1+1HSB
• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is
essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler
(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondary
channel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizes
system gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:
• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.
Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile
(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
• The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2
configuration:
• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACM
requests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or might
stay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether the
Standby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACM
requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the
remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
Thank You
100
Radio Link Parameters
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• MRMC
• TX & RX Frequencies
• Link ID
• RSL
• MSE
• Current ACM Profile
101
High and Low frequency station
102
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles
N – normal script
X – XPIC script
Changing script automatically resets dedicated RMC card
6 Proprietary and Confidential
103
Radio Parameters settings
2nd step
4th step
5th step
3th step
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
104
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
Both IDUs of the same link must use the same Link ID
Otherwise, “Link ID Mismatch” alarm will appear in Current Alarms Window
# 101
# 101
# 102
“Link ID
Mismatch”
# 101
“Link ID Mismatch”
Questions?
105
Radio Link Setup Exercise
Thank You
106
Automatic Transmit Power Control - ATPC
October 2014
Version 1
Agenda
• Why ATPC?
• How does ATPC works?
• ATPC Vs. MTPC
• ATPC Configuration
107
ATPC – Automatic Transmit Power Control
Main Lobe
Side Lobe
2. Set Input reference level (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link)
3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte)
5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. input level
108
ATPC – Example when ATPC is OFF
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
MTPC MTPC
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (One site ATPC, second site MTPC)
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC MTPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm
109
ATPC – Example when ATPC is ON (ATPC on both sites)
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -50dBm IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ? TSL B = ?
RSL A = ? RSL B = ?
FSL= -60 dB
Site A Site B
ATPC ATPC
IRLB (Input Ref. level on Site B) = -60dBm IRLA (Input Ref. level on Site A) = -50dBm
TSL A = ? TSL B = ?
RSL A = ? RSL B = ?
110
ATPC Configuration
Thank You
10
111
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112
IP- 20N XPIC Configuration
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• ACCP
• CCDP
• Co-channel System
• IP-20N & XPIC
• XPIC Recovery mechanism
• XPIC Settings
113
System Spectrum Utilization
BW
V 1 3 5 7 9
ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)
H
2 4 6 8 10
BW
BW
V 1 2 3 4 5
CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarisation)
H
6 7 8 9 10
V 1 V 1
H H
2 2
114
Co-channel Systems
• The XPIC mechanism utilizes the received signals from the V and H modems to extract the V and H signals
and cancel the cross polarization interference due to physical signal leakage between V and H polarizations.
• The H+v signal is the combination of the desired signal H (horizontal) and the interfering signal V (in lower
case, to denote that it is the interfering signal). The same happens with the vertical (V) signal reception=
V+h. The XPIC mechanism uses the received signals from both feeds and, manipulates them to produce the
desired data
• IP-20N’s XPIC reaches a BER of 10e-6 at a co-channel sensitivity of 5 dB. The improvement factor in an
XPIC system is defined as the SNR@threshold of 10e-6, with or without the XPIC mechanism.
• In order for XPIC to be operational, all the following conditions must be met:
• The RMCs must be RMC-B
• Communications with the RFU are established in both RMCs.
• RFU type must be the same for both carriers.
• The frequency of both radios should be equal.
• The same script must be loaded in both RMCs.
• The script must support XPIC
• If any of these conditions is not met, an alarm will alert the user. In
addition, events will inform the user which conditions are not met.
115
RSL Vs. Threshold for system without CCDP
RSL (dBm) BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level
Time (s)
RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level H
-96
-99
Time (s)
116
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP system with XPIC
RSL (dBm)
BER>10-6
-20
-30 Nominal Input Level H
Fading Margin = 38 dB
BER>10-6
Interference level in H (interference from V, when
XPIC is not enabled
“improve” -68
-73 Original Threshold level without CCDP and XPIC
interference S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz) configuration
for extra Interference level in H (interference from V, when
26dB XPIC is enabled
-91
Interference level
Time (s)
117
XPIC Recovery Mechanism
• The purpose of the XPIC recovery mechanism is to save the working link while
attempting to recover the faulty polarization.
Every such recovery attempt will cause a brief traffic hit in the working
link.
Recommendations
It is recommended to place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
• Slots 3 and 4
• Slots 5 and 6
• Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)
• Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)
The reason for this is that for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane
between these slot pairs
118
MRMC selection
XPIC settings
119
Thank you
15
120
Service Model in IP-20
November 2014
Version 5
Agenda
• IP-20 Ethernet Capabilities
• Service Model in General
• What is a Service ?
• What is a Service point?
• Services in IP-20 Family & Services attributes
1. Point to Point Service
2. Multipoint Service
3. Management Service
• Service Point in IP-20 Family
1. Pipe Service Point
2. Service Access Point (SAP)
3. Service Network Point (SNP)
4. Management Service Point (MNG)
• Service Points classification and attributes
• Examples for Services and Service points
• Logical VS. Physical Port
121
IP-20’s Ethernet Capabilities
• Up to 1024 services (1025 reserved for Management)
• Up to 32 service points per service (30 SPs for MNG service)
• All service types:
• Multipoint (E-LAN)
• Point-to-Point (E-Line)
• Point-to-Multipoint (E-Tree)
• Smart Pipe
• Management
• 128K MAC learning table per service - ability to limit MAC learning per
service
• Split horizon between service points
• Flexible transport and encapsulation via 802.1q, 802.1ad (Q-in-Q), and
MPLS-TP, with tag manipulation possible at egress
• High precision, flexible frame synchronization solution combining SyncE
and 1588v2
• Hierarchical QoS with 8K service level queues, deep buffering, hierarchical
scheduling via WFQ and Strict priority, and shaping at each level
122
Service model in General
What is a Service?
• A virtual bridge, connecting two or more interfaces
123
Service Model
2
Service #1
4 Service #2
Service points
Service points are logical entities attached to the interfaces that make up the
service. Service points define the movement of frames through the service.
Without service points, a service is simply a virtual bridge with no ingress or
egress interfaces.
124
What is a service point?
2
SP Service #1 SP
SP SP
4 Service #2
SP SP
10
125
IP-20 Services
1 4
PIPE PIPE
SAP SAP
2
126
Multipoint Service (MP)
• Multipoint services are used to provide connectivity between two or more service points.
• When traffic ingresses via one service point, it is directed to one of the service points in the
service, other than the ingress service point, according to ingress and egress tunneling rules, and
based on the learning and forwarding mechanism.
• If the destination MAC address is not known by the learning and forwarding mechanism, the
arriving frame is flooded to all the other service points in the service except the ingress service
point.
1 4
SAP SNP
SAP SNP
CPU
1
4
2 SAP SNP
1
Traffic ports TCC
Service ID 1025
2
127
Service Attributes
• Service ID - 1 - 1024
• EVC Description
16
128
Service points
• SAP
• SNP
• Pipe Service Point
• Management Service Point
129
Service Access Port SAP & Service Network Point SNP
130
Pipe Service Points
22
131
Service Point – Interface Types
Service
Service Points
132
Service
133
Service Point Types that can Co-Exist on the Same Interface
ptp 1
C‐Vlan SAP1
10 SAP 1 C‐Vlan
20 SAP 2 SAP4 120 SAP 4
SAP2
ptp 2
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
134
Example of bundle services
• The classification to PtP1 and PtP2 is based
on several c‐vlan’s.
• PtP1 and PtP2 uses the transport vlan
inside the network. The original c‐vlan is
preserved and sent inside the network.
C‐Vlan
SAP3
10,11 SAP 3
ptp 1
C‐Vlan SAP1
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
S‐Vlan C‐Vlan
SAP3
230 10 SAP 3
ptp 1
SAP1
S‐Vlan C‐Vlan
230 10 SAP 1
240 20 SAP 2
Transport Vlan EVC
100 ptp1
SAP
200 ptp2 SNP
135
Service points Attributes
31
136
Service Point Attributes
137
Service Point – Ingress Attribute
• Learning Admin - Indicates whether MAC
address learning is enabled or disabled
Ingress
• Allow Flooding - Indicates whether incoming
frames with unknown MAC addresses are
forwarded to other service points via flooding
Learning Admin • Allow Broadcast - Indicates whether frames with
a broadcast destination MAC address are allowed
Allow Flooding to ingress the service via this service point
Allow Broadcast • CoS Mode - Indicates how the service point
CoS Mode handles the CoS of frames that pass through the
service point.
Default CoS
• Default CoS – The service point CoS. If the CoS
Mode is set to overwrite the CoS decision made at
the interface level, this is the CoS value assigned
to frames that ingress the service point.
138
Ethernet Service Points – GUI
General
Service Point ID
Service Point Name
Service Point Type
Interface
Interface Type
C‐VLAN Encapsulation
S‐VLAN Encapsulation
Ingress
Learning Admin
Allow Flooding
Allow Broadcast
CoS Mode
Default CoS
Egress
C‐VLAN CoS Preservation
C‐VLAN Preservation
S‐VLAN CoS Preservation
Marking Admin
Service Bundle ID
38
139
Logical and physical interface
Service Demo
40
140
The Setup
• IP-20
• IP-20C
141
Attaching Service Points
142
Attaching Service Points
Questions?
143
Thank You
144
Protection System Configuration
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• What is Protection?
• General Guidelines
• HSB Configuration in general – principals
• BBS Space Diversity
• 1+1 HSB Configuration
• 2+2 HSB ABC Configuration
• 2+2 HSB XPIC Configuration
145
Different types of protections systems
What is Protection?
• A method of using one or more devices in a standby mode in order to
have a secondary link up when failure occurred to the active link
• In order to achieve a full protected link each and every device should
be protected
146
Hot standby in general
1
In case of ch1 failure, will be traffic
Ch1
Main Ch1
Main switched to Protection channel
1′
1
Protection Protection
1’
• HSB system is using same frequency for Main and Standby channel (f1 & f1’)
• HSB system is typically 1+1
• Protection channel is internally muted. Just in case Main channel failure will be Protection channel Unmuted.
• Space diversity with baseband switching is based on HSB system (selection of better input level)
• In Hot Standby mode only one transmitter is active, the other transmitter is standby. Both receivers are active
and hitless switching is performed. The TX- and RX- switching at a terminal normally operates independently,
but they may be configured to operate together.
HSB Protection
• IP-20N offers radio redundancy via the RMCs, which can be configured in 1+1 Hot
Standby (HSB) pairs.
• 1+1 HSB protection provides full protection in the event of RMC or RFU failure.
• Each RMC in a protected pair reports its status to the TCC. The TCC is responsible
for determining when a switchover takes place.
147
HSB Protection – Revertive mode
• In an HSB protection scheme, the active and standby radios are usually
connected to the antenna with a coupler.
• This causes a -6dB loss on the secondary path on each side of the link,
resulting in a 12dB increase in the total path loss for the link.
• This additional path loss will either reduce the link’s fade margin or increase
the power consumption of the Power Amplifier (PA) in order to compensate
for the additional path loss.
• The system monitors the availability of the primary path at all times.
Whenever the primary path is operational and available, without any alarms,
but the secondary path is active, the system initiates a revertive protection
switch. Every revertive protection switch is recorded as an event in the
event log.
Switchover Triggers
The following events trigger switchover for 1+1 HSB protection according to
their priority, with the highest priority triggers listed first.
1. Card missing
2. Lockout
3. Force switch
4. Traffic failures
5. Manual switch
148
ACM and 1+1HSB
• When ACM is activated together with 1+1 HSB protection, it is
essential to feed the active RFU via the main channel of the coupler
(lossless channel), and to feed the standby RFU via the secondary
channel of the coupler (-6db attenuated channel). This maximizes
system gain and optimizes ACM behavior for the following reasons:
• In the TX direction, the power will experience minimal attenuation.
• In the RX direction, the received signal will be minimally attenuated.
Thus, the receiver will be able to lock on a higher ACM profile
(according to what is dictated by the RF channel conditions).
• The following ACM behavior should be expected in a 1+1 or 2+2
configuration:
• In the TX direction, the Active TX will follow the remote Active RX ACM
requests (according to the remote Active Rx MSE performance).
• The Standby TX might have the same profile as the Active TX, or might
stay at the lowest profile (profile-0). That depends on whether the
Standby TX was able to follow the remote RX Active unit’s ACM
requests (only the active remote RX sends ACM request messages).
• In the RX direction, both the active and the standby carriers follow the
remote Active TX profile (which is the only active transmitter).
General Guidelines
• A Standby RMC is referred to as the “Mate” RMC
149
1+1HSB Configuration
11
150
Copy to Mate
HSB Exercise
• Create 1+1 HSB link
• Disconnect one of the RFUs, make sure the link switched
• Reconnect the RFU
• Set manual switching
151
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB Configuration
15
HSB 1 HSB 2
P1 P2
1 2
152
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB
2 - MC-ABC pre-configuration
1. Enable CMR via CLI per each slot belongs to ABC group (slot 3,4,7,8)
root> platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
2. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (2+2 HSB), press
Finish – Submit (not next)
4. You are not able to add any members because they haven’t been created yet.
!!!
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Note: If configuration will failed, please enable CMR for each radio slot in CLI:
root>platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
153
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB
4 - Protection Groups
• Configure 1st link – slot 3 (MRMC, freq., Link ID)
• Copy to mate – slot 3 will be source radio, it means that whole configuration (MRMC,
freq., link ID) will be copied to slot 7.
• Configure 2nd link– slot 4 (MRMC, freq., Link ID)
• Copy to mate – slot 4 will be source radio, it means that whole configuration (MRMC,
freq., link ID) will be copied to slot 8.
2+2 HSB is now ready!!! (but we need add members for ABC)
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
5. Chassis Configuration – Change operation status per each ABC slot to Enable
154
Multi-Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
Configuration
21
V 1 P1
H
2 P2
155
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
2 - MC-ABC pre-configuration
1. Enable CMR via CLI per each slot belongs to ABC group (slot 3,4,7,8)
root> platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
2. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (2+2 HSB), press
Finish – Submit (not next)
4. You are not able to add any members because they haven’t been created yet.
!!!
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Note: If configuration will failed, please enable CMR for each radio slot in CLI:
root>platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
156
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
4 - Protection Groups
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
157
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
6 – MC ABC Group Configuration – Adding members
5. Chassis Configuration – Change operation status per each ABC slot to Enable
Thank You
158
Multi Carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control
MC-ABC
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Multi-channel ABC in general
159
Multi-carrier Adaptive Bandwidth Control (ABC)
• Multi-channel Adaptive Bandwidth Control-ABC is the unique technology for traffic distribution over several
RF carriers.
• The Multi-channel ABC dynamically adjusts the total link capacity depending on the number of channels and
their available capacities to provide the highest throughput at any time.
• The traffic from the Ethernet WAN port is distributed to all available RF channels in a round robin fashion,
independent of packet sizes and flows. This results in a single high-capacity Ethernet link, with a high level of
resilience and efficiency.
• If an RF-channel fails, the overall throughput will drop, but the remaining capacity will be fully utilized. The
QoS scheduler ensures that high priority traffic is transmitted unaffected, while low priority traffic may be
dropped if the link becomes congested. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBVL1Ac9xJU
160
Multi-Carrier ABC Traffic Flow
TCC
Service Engine
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B Eth LIC
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B
Hybrid
Multicarrier ABC PW
TDM
Engine E1 LIC
Srv
TDM Crossconnect
E1 Services
PW
TDM E1/CH-STM-1
E1
Srv
LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
IF RMC-B STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
161
MC-ABC & ACM
• Multi-Carrier ABC automatically adapts to capacity changes that result
from changes in the current ACM profile.
• When an ACM profile change takes place on a specific carrier, MC-
ABC responds by changing the block size of that channel.
• The process of changing the block size is performed dynamically and
is hitless.
• Since the ACM profile changes are also hitless, the overall Multi-
Carrier ABC traffic is hitless.
ABC Engine
Network
Processor
1x Up to 8+0 MC‐ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
1+1/2+2 MC‐ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
Ethernet ports Channelized STM-1 or E1/DS1
162
Multi-carrier ABC
In the past: N+1 protection
Protection
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
1. Dedicated carrier for each
STM‐1
2. Unused protection channel for Unused
a single carrier failure channel
ABC engine
3. Excess Ethernet traffic may be
added to SDH carriers
(provided there is excess
STM‐1
bandwidth)
Ethernet
STM‐1 #N
#1
STM‐1
Traffic
#2
4. Multi‐carrier ABC works solely
on Ethernet carriers
L2 switch
Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation TDM & Ethernet
9 Proprietary and Confidential
1. All radio carriers serve as a
single logical pipe
2. SDH traffic is split (byte‐by‐
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
byte) between carriers, 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N
combined with packet traffic
3. No channel is left unused ‐ full
utilization of available
bandwidth
ABC Engine
4. In case of channel failure or
degradation, SDH traffic is
STM‐1
Ethernet
always prioritized over
STM‐1 #N
STM‐1
#1
Traffic
Ethernet traffic.
#2
5. Protects against multiple
carrier failures
6. Flexible choice of modulation
(lower modulation higher
sys. gain)
Network
Processor
Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation TDM & Ethernet
10 Proprietary and Confidential
163
Hybrid Multi-Carrier ABC
Channel failure/degradation
1. System is highly resilient to
carrier failure/degradation
2. All SDH traffic remains in tact
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
as long as: 1 2 N 1 2 N 1 2 N
155
3. Total available capacity for
ABC Engine
Ethernet traffic:
155
STM‐1
Ethernet
STM‐1 #N
STM‐1
#1
Traffic
#2
Network
Processor
Simple and Powerful Traffic Allocation TDM & Ethernet
11 Proprietary and Confidential
12
164
Multi Carrier ABC 2+0
1- Cards configuration
• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
1 2
165
8+0 MC-ABC Configuration
15
5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4
166
Multi Carrier ABC 8+0
2 – MC ABC Configuration
18
167
STM-1 only card integration with ABC
• ABC group should allow the following combination of types of cards
1. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-E
2. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-B
3. RMC-E and STM-1
4. RMC-B and STM-1
5. RMC-B only
6. RMC-E only
• Attaching to a group
• Can this be done dynamically (adding STM-1 card to an existing
group)
• Group admin shall not be dependent on STM-1 admin
• STM-1 may be disabled but the group enabled
• Group size
• Up to four STM-1 channels shall be supported per group
• This is unrelated to the number of cards (no validation)
• Interface number is priority as well
• Group max size shall be 4 radios + 4 STM-1 cards (8 members)
168
Multi Carrier ABC 2+0
2 – MC ABC Configuration
22
169
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB
1- Cards configuration
• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
HSB 1 HSB 2
P1 P2
1 2
2. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (2+2 HSB), press
Finish – Submit (not next)
4. You are not able to add any members because they haven’t been created yet.
!!!
170
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB
3 - Protection Groups
• Create Protection Group #1 (slot 3 &7) and Protection Group #2 (slot 4 & 8)
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Note: If configuration will failed, please enable CMR for each radio slot in CLI:
root>platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
171
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB
5- MC ABC Configuration – Adding members
5. Chassis Configuration – Change operation status per each ABC slot to Enable
28
172
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
1- Cards configuration
• TCC-B-MC and RMC-B are required – check Platform/Management/Inventory
V 1 P1
H
2 P2
2. Configure Multi Carrier ABC group. Create Group 1, use any name (2+2 HSB), press
Finish – Submit (not next)
4. You are not able to add any members because they haven’t been created yet.
!!!
173
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
3 - Protection Groups
• Create Protection Group #1 (slot 3 &7) and Protection Group #2 (slot 4 & 8)
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
Note: If configuration will failed, please enable CMR for each radio slot in CLI:
root>platform shelf-manager abc mode admin set slot 3 state enable
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
174
Multi Carrier ABC 2+2 HSB XPIC
5- XPIC Groups configuration
Slot 7 Slot 8
Slot 3 Slot 4
5. Chassis Configuration – Change operation status per each ABC slot to Enable
175
Thank You
176
IP-20N Licensing
October 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Licensing in General
• Demo License
• CeraOS License concept
• IP-20 Licensing Scheme
• Licensed Features
177
Licensing
• IP-20N offers a pay as-you-grow licensing concept in which
future capacity growth and additional functionality can be
enabled with Activation key.
• For purposes of licensing, each IP-20N chassis is considered
a distinct device, regardless of which cards are included in the
chassis. Each device contains a single Activation key.
• Licenses are divided into two categories:
• Per Carrier – The license is per carrier
• Per Device – The license is per device, regardless of the
number of carriers supported by the device.
178
License generating
179
DEMO License
• A demo license is available that enables all features for 60 days.
• The demo license expires 60 days from the time it was activated,
and the most recent valid license goes into effect.
• The 60-day period is only counted when the system is powered up.
10 days before the demo license expires, an alarm is raised
indicating to the user that the demo license is about to expire.
License violation
License violation yellow color screen has been implemented from sw. T7.9
180
IP-20 Pricing Concept (Value Structure)
Hardware, Software & Licensed Features
CeraOS (Software)
Licensed Scalability Licensed Premium Functionality
• Radio capacity • Advanced radio configurations
• 2nd modem/core • Advanced QoS
activation (IP‐20G/C) • Ethernet OAM
• Additional GE user • TDM PW services
interfaces • Synchronization
• Additional CET‐Node • Network Resiliency
services/EVCs (L2) • Advanced Security
Licensed Mode ‐ CET‐Node
• CET services/EVCs (L2)
• 2x GE user interfaces
• Smart‐Pipe services (L1)
• 10M radio capacity Base‐line
• 1x GE user interface functionality
• Native TDM services
Hardware
• Product Models (e.g. IP‐20N, IP‐20G, IP‐20C, IP‐20LH)
• Assembly options (e.g. single/dual modem in IP‐20G)
• Add‐on modules (e.g. RMC in IP‐20N)
181
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables you to increase your system’s radio capacity in
gradual steps by upgrading your capacity license.
Without a capacity license, each carrier has a capacity
Radio Capacity License
of 10 Mbps. Licensed capacity is available from 50
Mbps to 500 Mbps. Each RMC card can be licensed for
a different capacity.
Enables the use of Adaptive Coding and Modulation
(ACM) scripts. A separate license is required per core.
IP‐20‐SL‐ACM
Enables Multi‐Carrier ABC.
IP‐20‐SL‐MC‐ABC
Enables the use of Header De‐Duplication, which can
IP‐20‐SL‐Header‐DeDuplication be configured to operate at L2 through L4.
Enables the use of Cross Polarization Interface
IP‐20‐SL‐XPIC Canceller (XPIC). A separate license is required for each
core in the XPIC pair.
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables the use of a TCC/LIC Ethernet traffic port in GE
mode (10/100/1000baseT or 1000baseX). An activation
key is required for each Ethernet traffic port that is used
on the device. An activation key can be installed
multiple times with dynamic allocation inside the unit
IP‐20‐SL‐GE‐Port to enable multiple GE ports.
Note: All Ethernet traffic ports are enabled in FE mode
(10/100baseT) by default without requiring any
activation key.
Enables the use of a second TCC in a 2RU chassis for
IP‐20‐SL‐Main‐Card‐Redundancy High Availability.
182
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables Carrier Ethernet Transport (CET) and a number
of Ethernet services (EVCs), depending on the type of
CET Node license:
• Edge CET Node – Up to 8 EVCs.
• Aggregation Level 1 CET Node – Up to 64 EVCs.
• Aggregation Level 2 CET Node – Up to 1024 EVCs.
Edge CET Node
A CET Node license also enables the following:
• Network resiliency (MSTP/RSTP) for all services.
• Full QoS for all services including basic queue buffer
management (fixed queues buffer size limit, tail‐
drop only) and eight queues per port, no H‐QoS.
• LAG Support
•
Enables the following protocols for improving network
resiliency:
P‐20‐SL‐Network‐Resiliency
• G.8032
• TDM (PW) services 1:1/1+1 path protection
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables H‐QoS. This license is required to add service‐
IP‐20‐SL‐H‐QoSH‐QoS bundles with dedicated queues to interfaces. Without
this license, only the default eight queues per port are
supported. (Planned for future release)
Enables configurable (non‐default) queue buffer size
limit for Green and Yellow frames. Also enables WRED.
IP‐20‐SL‐Enh‐Packet‐Buffer
The default queue buffer size limit is 1Mbits for Green
frames and 0.5 Mbits for Yellow frames.
Enables the G.8262 synchronization unit. This license is
required in order to provide end‐to‐end synchronization
IP‐20‐SL‐Sync‐Unit
distribution on the physical layer. This license is also
required to use Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE).
Enables Frame Cut‐Through.
P‐20‐SL‐Frame‐Cut‐Through
Enables TDM pseudowire services on units with TDM
IP‐20‐SL‐TDM‐PW interfaces. Without this activation key, only native TDM
services are supported.
183
Licensed Features
License Name Description
Enables secure management protocols (SSH, HTTPS,
P‐20‐SL‐Secure‐Management
SFTP, SNMPv3, and RADIUS).
Enables Connectivity Fault Management (FM) per
IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐FM
Y.1731/ 802.1ag and 802.3ah (CET mode only).
Enables performance monitoring pursuant to Y.1731
IP‐20‐SL‐Eth‐OAM‐PM
(CET mode only).
License
184
License features available
Thank You
185
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186
Native TDM
November 2014
Version 6
Agenda
• Native TDM Services
• Hybrid Service Engine – TDM + Ethernet
• All-packet services example: Ethernet EVCs + TDM Pseudowire
• How to Setup Native TDM
• TDM Path Protection
• 1:1 TDM Path Protection
• 1+1 TDM Protection
• 1+1 Dual Homing TDM Path Protection
• Configuration of Path Protection
• 2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
• TDM Card and Interface Protection (only for chSTM-1)
2 Proprietary and Confidential
187
Native TDM Services
• IP-20N provides integrated support for transportation of TDM (E1) services
with integrated E1 and ch-STM-1 interfaces.
• Two types of TDM services are supported using the same hardware:
• Native TDM trails
• TDM Pseudowire services (enabling interoperability with third party
packet/PW equipment)
188
Hybrid services example: Ethernet EVCs + Native TDM
TDM cross-connect (VCs)
E1/
Port SAP
ch-STM1
MPtMP Service
SAP SNP
E1/DS1/
Port SAP
SAP SNP
SAP
ch-STM1/
OC3
MPtMP Service
SAP SNP
189
How to Setup Native TDM
190
Native TDM Configuration
TDM
Network
9
As first we have to create any Eth. service for Radio port, because
we need specify which type of traffic will be carry by Radio.
191
TDM Service Configuration 2
LIC-T155 ACR card
16E1/DS1 card
1
2 OR
3
OR
E1#1-1
192
TDM Service Configuration - 4
1 2
Selection Summary
193
TDM Path Protection
15
• Two different kinds of path protection are available, each suitable for a
different network topology:
• 1:1 and 1+1 TDM path protection is suitable for ring networks that consist
entirely of IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements with two end-point interfaces for
the TDM trail.
• 1+1 Dual Homing TDM path protection is suitable for networks in which the
IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements are set up as a chain connected to the third
party networks at two different sites.
• The ring is closed on one side by the IP-20N and/or IP-20G elements,
and on the other by third party equipment supporting standard SNCP.
• In this case, there are three end-point interfaces in the IP-20N and/or
IP-20G section of the network.
194
1:1 TDM Path Protection
Active Backup
Path Path
• 1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
• Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
• Bandwidth is utilized only on the active path, freeing up resources on the standby path.
• For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
Active Backup
Path Path
• 1:1 TDM path protection enables the operator to define two separate network paths for a single
TDM trail.
• Each trail has the same TDM interface end points, but traffic flows to the destination via different
paths.
• Bandwidth is utilized for both paths parallel.
• For native TDM services TDM path protection is done by means of configuring active and backup
path at the TDM service end-points.
195
1+1 Dual Homing TDM Path Protection
• 1+1 TDM dual homing path protection is used for networks in which the IP-20 network elements are
set up as a chain connected to third party networks at two different sites, where one end-point is
located on an IP-20 unit and the other end-point is located on third-party equipment supporting
standard SNCP.
• As with 1:1 TDM path protection, the operator defines two separate network paths for a single TDM
trail. However, unlike path protection, traffic flows through both paths simultaneously, thereby
supporting standard SNCP in the third party equipment.
20
196
Configuration for 1:1 and 1+1 TDM Path Protection
Bypass Bypass
configuration configuration
Trail ID 1 Trail ID 2
Radio Slot 4 E1#1 Radio Slot 5
VC-1 Slot 3 VC-1
1 2 3
or
4 5
197
TDM Service
Trail ID 1 Trail ID 2
198
2+0 MC-ABC Configuration with STM-1 Clear channel
25
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B Eth LIC
Ethernet Interface
Ethernet Interface
IF RMC-B
Hybrid
Multicarrier ABC PW
TDM
Engine E1 LIC
Srv
TDM Crossconnect
E1 Services
PW
TDM E1/CH-STM-1
E1
Srv
LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
IF RMC-B STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
STM-1/ STM-1RST
RST LIC
199
STM-1 only card integration with ABC
• ABC group should allow the following combination of types of cards
1. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-E
2. RMC-E/STM-1 and RMC-B
3. RMC-E and STM-1
4. RMC-B and STM-1
5. RMC-B only
6. RMC-E only
• Attaching to a group
• Can this be done dynamically (adding STM-1 card to an existing
group)
• Group admin shall not be dependent on STM-1 admin
• STM-1 may be disabled but the group enabled
• Group size
• Up to four STM-1 channels shall be supported per group
• This is unrelated to the number of cards (no validation)
• Interface number is priority as well
• Group max size shall be 4 radios + 4 STM-1 cards (8 members)
200
Multi Carrier ABC 2+0
2 – MC ABC Configuration
30
201
TDM Card and Interface Protection
• Two different schemes are available for card and interface protection:
• 1+1 HSB
• Uni-Directional MSP
• In a 1+1 HSB configuration, the single port on the third party equipment is connected
to two STM-1 interfaces on the IP-20N through an optical splitter cable. This ensures
that an identical signal is received by each STM-1 interface on the IP-20N. The IP-
20N determines which interface is active, based on traffic loss indications such as
LOS, LOF, or other errors.
• While both interfaces on the IP-20N receive traffic, only the active interface transmits.
The standby interface is automatically muted.
202
Uni-Direction MSP
• In Uni-directional Multiplex Section Protection (MSP), the element at each end of the
STM-1 link transmits traffic through both connections.
• On the receiving side, each IP-20N element unilaterally decides, based on traffic loss
indications such as LOS, LOF, or other errors, from which interface to receive the
traffic, and declares that interface the active interface.
• There is no need for a protocol between the two connected elements.
• Each LIC-T155 is connected directly to separate ports in the third party network
element.
• There is no need for a splitter or Y-cable.
• This ensures protection to the optical ports in the third party equipment and to the
optical fiber cable, as well as to the LIC-T155 in the IP-20N.
203
Configuration – 2nd select type of protection
Thank You
204
Configuration Management &
Software Download
October 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Backup and Restore
• Software Download
• Unit Info file
205
Backup & Restore
206
Backup Process
Export
File
FTP IP address
207
2. FTP Setup – FileZilla Settings
1. Install FileZilla Server and Run it
2. Create User in FileZilla Server
FTP SERVER PC
5. Check Firewall settings in FTP Server PC and if port 21 is used only with
FileZilla
8 Proprietary and Confidential
208
3. IP20 Configuration Management Settings
Setup Parameters for FTP Server Connection
4. Backup process
4. Check Status
209
5. Backup Files
Restore Process
210
Restore Configuration File Idea
1. Install FTP server (when is not already installed) – we recommend to use
FileZilla Server (Not Client)
2. Setup FileZilla Server parameters (Users, Shared Folders)
3. Setup communication parameters for IP20 unit with FTP Server
4. Import Configuration Backup from FTP Server
5. Restore Configuration Backup
Import File
FTP IP address
211
Restore process
Config_Dump File
212
Software Download for IDU
17
Software
Download
• Although RFU software is included in the standard installation bundle, the current
software version is not automatically updated in the RFU when an installation is
performed.
• To upgrade the software in an RFU, you must perform the upgrade manually, per slot
213
IP-20 Software Download Settings
1. Setup
Parameters
214
Running Software version
22
215
Unit Info
• Includes technical data about the unit and also backup files placed in restore points
• This file can be forwarded to customer support, at their request, to help in analyzing issues
that may occur
4. Check Status
1. Setup Configuration
parameters included Restore
Point which will be used for
Configuration Backup inside the
system
216
RFU Software Installation
25
• In this version, you must use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to
upgrade RFU software.
217
RFU Software Installation Procedure
1. The following sequence of commands installs RFU-C software version 2.13 in the
RFU connected to slot 3.
root> platform software show rfu versions
3. To check the status of an update or install operation, enter the following command:
root> platform software show rfu status
4. Once the installation is complete, the Install Status column should indicate installation
success and the In Progress column should indicate 100 (100%).
5.When the installation is complete, enter the show rfu versions command again to verify
that the new version has been properly installed in both the TCC and the RFU:
root> platform software show rfu versions
Thank You
218
Troubleshooting
November 2014
Version 4
Agenda
• Faults and Alarms
• Performance monitoring
• RMON statistic
• Loopback
219
Faults and Alarms
Faults
Current Alarms
Event Log
220
Alarm Configuration
221
Radio Parameters
The values are typical and subject to change in relation to the frequency and RFU
type. For more details please contact your Ceragon representative
222
MRMC actual status
Signal Level
223
MSE – Mean Square Error
224
MRMC
225
Performance Monitoring – Ethernet Services
ETH PM – RMON
226
Ethernet Port Tx and RX PM Report
Undersize frames received Frames shorter than 64 bytes
Oversize frames received Frames longer than 2000 bytes
Total frames received with a length of more than 2000 bytes,
Jabber frames received
but with an invalid FCS
Total frames received with a length of less than 64
Fragments frames received
bytes, and an invalid FCS
Rx error frames received Total frames received with Phy‐error
Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in
FCS frames received
"Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters
Pause frames received Number of flow‐control pause frames received
227
Troubleshooting with RMON: Oversized frames
Site A Site B
T T T A
When ingress frames exceed the maximum frame size, RMON counter “Oversized frames received”
is updated accordingly
Site A Site B
T T T A
Discarding Examples:
Ingress rate > Rate Limiter
Ingress frames do not qualify to Policer rules
228
Troubleshooting with RMON: Monitoring specific traffic types
Site A Site B
Rate Limiter
T T
Monitor
Video streams are generally transmitted over UDP
with multicast addresses
To monitor traffic, check out the Multicast Frames
Received register
To limit MC traffic, assign a Policer with a MC CIR
rules
229
TDM – Line Alarms
230
Loopbacks
RFU RF Loopback
231
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
IF LB
RFU RF Loopback
232
TDM Loopback
29
TDM Loopback
233
Ethernet Loopback – available from T7.9
31
234
Ethernet Loopback
235
Thank You
236
Header De-Duplication
November 2014
Version 3
Agenda
• Ethernet frame L1 and L2 Headers
• L3 Headers
• L4 Headers
• Header De-Duplication
• Exercise
237
Ethernet frame L1 and L2 Headers
L3 Headers
• Three types of header fields
• Constant
• Not Constant
• Calculated
Constant
Not Constant
Calculated
238
L4 Headers
UDP Header
TCP Header
Header De-Duplication
• Legacy (Layer 2)Header De- Duplication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8dU0J9zDtg
239
Header De-Duplication
Without Multi-Layer Header Compression, IP-20N still removes the IFG and
Preamble fields. This mechanism operates automatically even header
compression is not selected by the user.
240
Legacy Header De-Duplication
241
Supported Headers
• Layer 2 Latency:
• Ethernet IP-20N provides best-in-class latency (RFC-2544) for all
• Ethernet + VLAN channels, making it LTE (Long-Term Evolution) ready:
242
Capacity-Boosting Techniques
+40% Payload De-Duplication
Payload
40% Traffic Optimizer
De-Duplication
• Innovative Bit Stream Indexing technology
LTE/HSPA Optimized Header
Header 10% Compression • Additive to other traffic acceleration
De-Duplication Multi-Layer (L2-4) techniques offered by Ceragon
20% Compression
1Gbps
(2048 QAM)
• Exploits repetitive bit patterns in traffic
• Content, application & protocol agnostic
XPIC
• Does not affect network functionality
Radio
Capacity
• Optimized for aggregation microwave
backhaul where most repetitions occur
without any 520Mbps
(2048 QAM)
optimization
480Mbps
(1024QAM) Repetitive bit‐level patterns
identified & compacted
390Mbps
(256 QAM)
Traffic optimizer performance in a live network
14 Proprietary and Confidential
243
Header De-Duplication Settings
Summary
• Up to 148 B per frame can
be saved
244
De-Duplication Exercise
Thank You
245
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246
TCC Redundancy
November 2014
Version 2
Agenda
• TCC Redundancy diagram
• TCC Redundancy in General
• TCC Redundancy Configuration
247
TCC Redundancy
IF cable
IF cable
Traffic Traffic
Management
Management
TCC Redundancy
• In a High Availability node, the 2RU IP-20N contains two TCCs for TCC
redundancy.
• TCC protection must be enabled in order for TCC redundancy to operate.
• In a High Availability node, the TCCs share chassis configuration and status
information via the chassis’ internal management channels.
• Activation key information, MAC addresses, and serial numbers, are stored
in the Inventory Module (IVM). In a High Availability node, both TCC cards
can access the IVM.
• TCC switchover takes place automatically upon failure of the active TCC.
TCC switchover can also be performed manually by the user.
• In a High Availability node, the GbE traffic interfaces on the TCC are
disabled.
• RMC-A and STM-1/OC-3 RST configurations are not copied from the active
to the standby TCC automatically by the Copy-to-Mate command and
should be aligned manually. Support for those cards is planned for a future
release.
248
TCC redundancy procedure in general
Remember that traffic ports on TCC is not recommended to use when TCC Redundancy is used!!!
Recommendation is to use E-LIC card for Ethernet traffic.
• For TCC Redundancy function is required software version T7.9 and higher
• Upgrade to T7.9 is recommended from T7.7 or T7.7.5 (one version below)
249
2. Upgrade Main TCC to sw. T7.9 and higher
250
4. Enable Main Card Redundancy
251
6. Install software T7.9 and higher to mate TCC
This operation will not affect traffic, only may cause management los for short time period
252
8. License installation
9. Copy to mate
253
10. Connect Y- cable for management
IF cable
IF cable
Traffic Traffic
Management
Management
254
12. Active & Standby TCC Redundancy status
Thank you
18
255
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256
Cascading port
November 2014
Version 1
Agenda
257
Hybrid (TDM + Eth) services over IP-20N ‘cascading port’
Cascading
ports
258
Configuration – 2nd Cascading Port Configuration
Cascading ports
259
Configuration – 4th Configure TDM Trail
Configure Ethernet Service where Cascading port will be one Service point with
specific Interface type and C & S-VLAN encapsulation
260
Thank You
261
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262
Course Evaluation Form
Dear Customer!
Thank you for taking the time to complete the following course evaluation form. Your
commentary and feedbacks are of great importance to us as we analysis and investigate each
course and report. The information you provide will be used to help us improve the content of
the course and monitor the quality of our training program.
Thank You,
Oren Gerstner,
Training Director
Course details
Location
Course Name / ID
Start Date (d/m/year) End Date (d/m/year)
Instructor Name
Company / Customer
Please rate your satisfaction with the course from 1 to 5 (1 = poor and 5 = excellent):
Course book 1 2 3 4 5
Your comments:
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264