Span Length: 25 m (INNER GIRDER)

Computation of Dead Load Weight and Moment

1. Slab

Wslab = ts(Gs)(γc) = 0.2m (2.2m)(23.54kN/m3)

Wslab = 10.36 kN/m

Ws L2 10.36kN/m(25m)2
Mslab = =
8 8

Mslab = 809.38 kN-m

2. Haunch

Whauch = th(bh)(γc) = 0.05m (0.509m)(23.54kN/m3)

Whauch = 0.6 kN/m

Wh L2 0.6kN/m(25m)2
Mhaunch = =
8 8

Mhaunch = 46.88 kN-m

3. Girder

Wgirder = Ag(γc) = (0.509 m2)(23.54 kN/m3)

Wgirder = 11.98 kN/m

Wg L2 11.98kN/m(25m)2
Mgirder = =
8 8

Mgirder = 935.94 kN-m

4. Diaphragm

Wdiaphragm = wd(bd)(Ld)(γc) = 0.25m (2.2m) (1.3m) (23.54kN/m3)

Wdiaphragm = 16.83 kN

Wd L 16.83kN(25m)
Mdiaphragm = =
4 4

Mdiaphragm = 105.19 kN-m

5. Future Wearing Surface

 Wfws = (2)(2.2m)(1.05kPa)

Wfws = 2.31 kN/m

Wfws L2 2.31kN/m(25m)2
Mfws = =
8 8

Mfws = 180.47 kN-m

Computation of Live Load Moment and Shear

NSCP Section 3.8.2.1

15.24 15.24
I = L+38 = 25+38

I = 0.24

1. Wheel Loading

MS18 (NSCP Figure 3.7.6A)

R = 18kN + 72kN + 72kN

R = 162 kN

xR = 4.27m (72 kN) + (4.27m + 9m) (72 kN)

162x = 4.27m (72 kN) + (4.27m + 9m) (72 kN)

x = 7.8m
Maximum Moment under A Moment to the left of A

∑ MR2 = 0 = (12.5 – 3.9) R1

24.32R1 = (12.5 – 3.9)(162) = (12.5 – 3.9)( 55.73)

R1 = 55.73 kN = 479.28 kN-m

Maximum Moment under B

∑ MR2 = 0

25R1 = (12.5 – 1.765)(R)

25R1 = (12.5 – 1.765)(162)

R1 = 69.56 kN

Moment to the left of B

= (12.5 – 1.765) R1 – 4.27(18)

= (12.5 – 1.765)(69.56) – 4.27(18)

= 669.87 kN-m
 Maximum Moment under C Moment to the right of C

∑ MR1 = 0 = (12.5 – 2.735)R2

25R2 = (12.5 – 2.735)(R) = (12.5 – 2.735)(63.28)

25R2 = (12.5 – 2.735)(162) = 617.93 kN-m

R2 = 63.28 kN

Thus, Mmax = Moment to the left of B

Mmax = 669.87 kN-m

MmaxWLI = Mmax (1 +I)

= 669.87 kN-m (1 + 0.24)

MmaxWLI = 830.64 kN-m

Check for Ultimate Shear Capacity

∑ MR2 = 0

25R1 = (25– 7.8)R

25R1 = (25– 7.8) (162)

R1 = 111.46 kN
∑ MR1 = 0

25R2 = (25– 5.47)R

25R2 = (25– 5.47) (162)

R2 = 126.55 kN

Vmax = 126.55 kN

VmaxLLI = Vmax(1 + I)

= 126.55 kN(1 + 0.24)

VmaxLLI = 156.92 kN

2. Lane Loading

Maximum Moment, Mmax

PL W(L)2
Mmax = + MmaxLLI = Mmax (1 +I)
4 8

80kN (25m) 9.40kN/m (25m)2

= + = 1234.38 kN-m (1 + 0.24)
4 8

Mmax = 1234.38 kN-m MmaxLLI = 1542.98 kN-m

Maximum Shear, Vmax

WL
VmaxLL = +P VmaxLLI = VmaxLL (1 + I)
2

9.40kN/m (25m)
= + 116 kN = 233.50 kN (1 + 0.24)
2
 VmaxLL = 233.50 kN VmaxLLI = 291.88 kN

3. Sidewalk Live Load

NSCP Section 3.14.1.1

L = 25 m

7.81 < 25 < 30

P = 2.87 kPa

Wu = 2.87kPa (0.66m)

Wu = 1.89 kN/m

Wu L2
Mmax = MmaxSWLLI = Mmax (1 + I)
8

1.89kN/m(25m)2
= = 147.66 kN-m (1 + 0.24)
8

Mmax = 147.66 kN-m MmaxSWLLI = 184.58 kN-m

WL
VmaxSWLL = VmaxSWLLI = VmaxSWLL (1 +I)
2

1.89kN/m(25m)
= = 26.63 kN (1 + 0.24)
2

VmaxSWLL = 26.63 kN VmaxSWLLI = 29.54 kN

Calculation of Stresses

I 0.10853 m4
St = Y =
t 0.744 m

St = 0.146 m3
I 0.10853 m4
St = Y =
b 0.628 m

St = 0.173 m3

1. Slab
Ms Ms
ft = fb =
St Sb
 809.38kN/m (10)6 809.38kN/m (10)6
ft = fb =
0.146m3 (1000)3 0.173m3 (1000)3

ft = 5.54 MPa fb = 4.68 MPa

2. Haunch
Mh Mh
ft = fb =
St Sb

46.88kN/m (10)6 46.88kN/m (10)6

ft = fb =
0.146m3 (1000)3 0.173m3 (1000)3

ft = 0.32 MPa fb = 0.27 MPa

3. Girder
Mg Mg
ft = fb =
St Sb

935.94kN/m (10)6 935.94kN/m (10)6

ft = fb =
0.146m3 (1000)3 0.173m3 (1000)3

ft = 6.41 MPa fb = 5.41 MPa

4. Diaphragm
Md Md
ft = fb =
St Sb

105.19kN/m (10)6 105.19kN/m (10)6

ft = fb =
0.146m3 (1000)3 0.173m3 (1000)3

ft = 0.72 MPa fb = 0.61 MPa

5. Wearing
Mw Mw
ft = fb =
St Sb

180.47kN/m (10)6 180.47kN/m (10)6

ft = fb =
0.775m3 (1000)3 0.222m3 (1000)3

ft = 1.24 MPa fb = 1.04 MPa

6. Live Load
MmaxWLI + MmaxLLI + MmaxSWLI MmaxWLI + MmaxLLI + MmaxSWLI
ft = fb =
Stg Sbg
6
(830.64kNm + 1542.98kNm + 184.58kNm)10 (830.64kNm + 1542.98kNm+ 184.58kNm)106
ft = fb =
0.775m3 (1000)3 0.222m3 (1000)3
ft = 3.130MPa fb = 11.52 MPa
 Calculation of Number of Tendons

Girder Type IV Showing Prestressed Eccentricity

Distance of Prestressing steel from center of tendons to bottom of girder

dt = 200mm

Prestressed eccentricity, e

e = Yb – dt

= 0.628m – 0.200m

e = 0.428 m

Radius of Gyration

Ig 0.10853 m4
r = √A =√
g 0.509 m2

r = 0.462 m

Y
cb = e( rb )

0.628m
= 0.428m (0.462m)

cb = 0.582

Summation of bottom Stresses

∑ fb = 4.68 MPa + 0.27 MPa + 5.41 MPa + 0.61 MPa + 1.04 MPa + 11.52 MPa
 ∑ fb = 23.53 MPa

Required Prestressing Force, F

Ag
F = ∑ fb (C )
b +1

0.509m2
= 23.53 MPa (0.582 + 1) (1000)

F = 7570.65 kN

Reinforcement

Losses = 227 MPa

dst = 15.24 mm

Ast = 138.7 mm2

F
Nt = (fpy - Losses)(Ast )

7570.65 kN (1000)
= (1583MPa - 227MPa) (138.7mm2 )

Nt = 41.79 say 42 pieces

Use 42 pieces of 15.24mm ∅ Seven-Wire Strand.

Girder Type IV Showing Prestressing Tendons

Jacking Force

Pj = 0.7fpy
 = 0.7(1583 MPa)

Pj = 1108 MPa

Fj = 1.00 (Pj) (Ast) (Nt)

= 1.00 (1108 MPa) (138.7mm2) (42)

Fj = 6454.54 kN

Calculation of Losses

Due to Friction (NSCP Vol.2, Sec. 9.16.1)

8e kLs 0.00492(25)
α= + μα = + (0.25)(0.145)
Ls 2 2

8(0.428m) kLs
= + μα = 0.096
25m 2

α = 0.141

1
FR = Pj (1- kLs )
1+ +μα
2

1
= 1108 MPa (1- )
1+ 0.096

FR = 97.05 MPa

Due to Anchorage (Bridge Eng’g, 3.15.4, Part 2)

Slippage = 5mm

Slip(Es)
ANC = Ls

0. 005m (193000 MPa)

= 25m

ANC = 38.60 MPa

Due to Shrinkage (NSCP Vol.2, Sec. 9.16.2.1.1)

% humidity = Average Humidity = RH = 76%

SH = 0.80 (117 – 1.03RH)

= 0.80 (117 – 1.03 (76))

SH = 30.98 MPa

Due to Elastic Shortening (NSCP Vol.2, Sec. 9.16.2.1.2)

P = Px (Nt) (Ast)

= (1108MPa – 97.05MPa) (42) (138.7mm2)

P = 5889.19 kN

Pe2 P Mg e
fcir = + -
Ig Ag Ig

(5889.19 kN)(0.428m)2 5889.19 kN 935.94 kNm (0.428m)

= + -
0.10853m4 0.509m2 0.10853m4

fcir = 17.82 MPa

0.5(Es )
ES = ( ) (fcir )
Eci

0.5(193000 MPa)
=( ) (17.82 MPa)
24691.78 MPa

ES = 69.64 MPa

Due to Creep of Concrete

P’ = 0.9P

= 0.9 (5889.19 kN)

P’ = 5300.27 kN
 Moment Demand (Md)

Md = Mh + M s + Md

= 809.38 kN-m + 46.88 kN-m + 105.19 kN-m

Md = 961.45 kN-m

P'e2 P' Md e Mfws e

fcds = + - -
Ig Ag Ig Ig

5300.27 kN (0.428m)2 5300.27 kN 961.45kN-m(0.428m) 180.47kN-m(0.428m)

= + - -
0.10853m4 0.509m2 0.10853m4 0.10853m4

fcds = 14.86 MPa

CRc = 12(fcir) – 7(fcds)

= 12 (17.82 MPa) – 7 (14.86 MPa)

CRc = 109.82 MPa

Due to Relaxation of Steel, CRs

CRs = 138 - 0.3(FR) - 0.4(ES) – 0.2(SH + CRc)

CRs = 138 - 0.3(97.05 MPa) - 0.4(69.64 MPa) – 0.2(30.98 MPa + 109.82 MPa)

CRs = 45.11 MPa

Checking of Stresses

Stress at Service Stage

Seff = Pj - ES – ANC – SH – CRC - CRs

Seff = 1108 MPa – 97.05 MPa – 69.64 MPa – 38.60 MPa – 30.98 MPa

– 109.82 MPa – 45.11 MPa

Seff = 716.8 MPa

Effective Force, Feff
Feff = Seff (Nt)(As)
= 716.8 MPa (42)(138.7mm2)
Feff = 4175.65 kN

Stress at Top, St
Summation of Top Stresses
∑ ft = 5.54 MPa + 0.32 MPa + 6.41 MPa + 0.72 MPa + 1.24 MPa + 3.30 MPa

∑ ft = 17.53 MPa

Feff Feff (e)

St = ∑ ft + -
Ag St

4175.65kN 4175.65(0.428m)
= 17.53 MPa(1000)+ -
0.509m2 0.146m3

St = 12.76 MPa

Summation of Bottom Stresses

∑ fb = 4.68 MPa + 0.27 MPa + 5.41 MPa + 0.61 MPa + 1.04 MPa + 11.52 MPa

∑ fb = 23.53 MPa

Feff Feff (e)

Sb = - ∑ fb + +
Ag Sb

4175.65kN 4175.65kN(0.428m)
= -23.53 MPa(1000)+ -
0.509m2 0.173m3

Sb = -5 MPa

Stress at Transfer Stage

Sinitial = Pj – FR – ES – ANC
= 1108 MPa – 97.05 MPa – 69.64 MPa – 38.60 MPa
Sinitial = 902.71 MPa

Initial Force, Finitial

 Finitial = Sinitial(Nt)(Ast)
902.71MPa (42)(138.7mm2 )
= 1000

Finitial = 5258.65 kN
Stress at Top, St
Finitial Finitial (e)
St = ∑ ft(g) + -
Ag st

5258.65kN 5258.65kN(0.428m)
= 6.41 MPa(1000) + -
0.509m2 0.146m3

St = 1.33 MPa

Stress at Bottom, Sb
Finitial Finitial (e)
Sb = - ∑ fb(g) + -
Ag Sb

5258.65kN 5258.65kN(0.428m)
= -5.41 MPa(1000) + -
0.509m2 0.173m3

Sb = 17.93 MPa

Concrete Stresses at Service Stage

Actual Allowable Remarks
St 13.49 MPa 15.53 MPa Safe
Sb -5 MPa 35.24 MPa Safe

Concrete Stresses at Transfer Stage

Actual Allowable Remarks
St 1.33 MPa 16.56 MPa Safe
Sb 17.93 MPa 31.52 MPa Safe

Check Ultimate Moment Capacity

MDL = Mslab + Mhaunch + Mgirder + Mdiaphragm + MFWS

= 809.38 kN-m + 46.88 kN-m + 935.94 kN-m + 105.19 kN-m

+ 180.47 kN-m

MDL = 2077.86 kN-m

MLL = MMaxWLI + MMaxLLI + MMaxSWLI

= 830.64 kN-m + 1542.98 kN-m + 184.58 kN-m

MLL = 2558.20 kN-m

MU = 1.25(MDL + 1.67 MLL)

= 1.25 (2077.86 kN-m + 1.67(2558.20 kN-m))

MU = 8255.07 kN-m

Total Depth

d = Hg + th + ts – dt

= 1372 mm + 50 mm + 200 mm – 200 mm

d = 1422 mm

Effective Width

beff = 2.2 m

Nt (As )
ρ* = bd

42 (138.7mm2 )
= 2200mm (1422mm)

ρ* = 0.00186

Average stress in prestressing steel at ultimate load (NSCP 9.17.4.1)

f
fsu* = fsu [1- 0.50ρ* ( su)]
f'c

1862 MPa
= 1862 MPa [1- 0.50(0.00186) ( 34.5 MPa )]

fsu* = 1768.54 MPa

Check if the neutral axis lies within the flange

1.4dρ*fsu *
a= f'c
 1.4(1422 mm)(0.00186)(1768.54 MPa)
=
34.5 MPa

a = 189.82 mm

ttf > a; Therefore, rectangular section.

(NSCP 9.17.2)

As* = AsNt

= (138.7 mm2)(42)

As* = 5825.40 mm2

ρ*fsu *
∅Mn = ∅ [As *fsu *d (1- 0.6 )]
f'c

(0.00186)(1768.54 MPa)
= 0.9 [(5825.40mm2 )(1768.54 MPa)(1422mm) (1- 0.6 )]
34.5MPa

∅Mn = 12430.79 kN-m

∅Mn > Mu

Flexural strength capacity is greater than moment demand, therefore the design is safe.