International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

Pre-Engineered Construction Analysis and

Design of Portal Frame
Ms. Neha Patel*1,PG Scholar ,
Mrs. Shraddha Sharma*2,
Asso. Prof. Civil Engg. Dept. B.I.T.
Bhilai (C.G.)

Abstract— Technological improvement over the year has 1.

Ease of erection
contributed immensely to the enhancement of quality of life 2.
Solid construction and strength
through various new products and services. One such revolution 3.
100% usable space with no floor or ceiling
was the pre-engineered buildings. Through its origin can be obstructions
traced back to 1960’s its potential has been felt only during the
4. Sleek contemporary appearance
recent years. This was mainly due to the development in design
technology, and computerization. 5. Easy interior to finish or insulate
Engineers always try to find ways to increase the speed and Pre-engineered structures satisfy all the above requirements.
efficiency of construction projects. Importance of pre-engineered
building design has been discussed. Different design materials EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
and methods have been studied. Apart from the typical The study of this research project aimed at selection of
applications like factories and warehouses, the recent years suitable construction materials and design procedure for
seminar halls, call centres, super markets, showrooms, shopping superstructure of high roof buildings. The foundation and
mol etc. are designed as PEB. Other traditional applications of
construction up to the plinth level is cast in-situ by R.C.C.
PEB components are available for air craft hangars, residential
buildings, petrol canopies, cold storages, telecom shelters,
Modular design of uniform shuttering plates for walls,
defence shelters, schools, health centres, community centres etc. columns, beams are first designed and made ready before the
This analysis will facilitate the choice of portal frames for high construction of superstructure is started.
roof buildings with respect to their materials and cost of
construction techniques. Experimental analysis of different
materials and construction technology considered are:

(i) Conventional design of portal with steel section,

(ii) Pre-engineered design of portal with steel section,
(iii) Conventional design of portal with R.C.C. members, and
(iv) Pre-engineered design of portal with R.C.C. members
In the quest of economical and multipurpose
Solution of the problem conventional techniques and pre-
engineered techniques have been analysed in this paper. Finally
pre-engineered technique with modern construction materials
resulted in most feasible solution.
Keywords— Pre-engineered design, Portal Frame, Portal
Construction Materials, High Roof Buildings Fig. 1 –Component of PEB [1]
It is assumed that the entire construction of superstructure of
I. INTRODUCTION
the building above a made up plinth to support the G.C.I.
In Pre-engineered design a unique combination of materials sheets roofing on portal frames which may be made of R.C.C.
make construction simple and trouble free. The buildings are or Steel Sections. If R.C.C portals are made then designed
Designed and erected by people without previous construction reinforcement is erected on the made up plinth and it is then
experience. In such constructions, more work is done at the enclosed with shuttering plates. Provisions of openings for
manufacturing centre and less work on site. In such doors and windows are made in the shuttering of walls. The
construction the building is up in just few days- not weeks, slab shuttering is designed with flow pipes so that the
months or years. Pre-Engineered steel building (PEB) or concrete slurry poured at slab level runs through entire farm
Metal building systems with steel roofing are gaining work for walls and slab.
popularity very fast for the following advantages. Though the In case steel portal frame sections are used then column
concept is quite old with proven technology in advanced section are welded on ms plates which are bolted with
countries, the concept is still considered almost new in Indian grouted long studs in R.C.C. columns at plinth level.
context. A steel portal frame construction of a high roof building to
A recent survey of owners of structures identified the support G.C.I. sheet is shown in Fig. (1) This type of
following five best features: conventional practice of high roof building construction

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

without use of any brick work has inspired us to analyse ii. If the shed is open from all sides i.e. no brick wall
construction of portal frames made with pre-engineered enclosure is required then complete steel columns as
construction components. well roof is viable solution.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM iii. Pre-engineered concept of structure is nothing but
Portal Frame with high roof hall is designed with following steel building in which excess steel is avoided by
specifications: tapering the section as per bending moment
1. Portal beam span=15m Fig. (2) requirement.
2. Portal column height=6m above plinth level iv. If the structure is to be planned away from city areas,
3. Central height= 9 m above plinth where wind pressure can be predominant and the
4. Bay spacing=5 m c/c structure need to be enclosed with brick wall then
structure is designed with column with R.C.C and
GABLED ROOF G.C.I.Sheets Roofing
beams and roof with steel.
3m
5m c/c Therefore our study is extended to above 4 type of
pre-engineered portal frames construction.
The design problem of portal frame stated above has been
analyzed with respect to following considerations:
PORTAL FRAME FOR HALL 15M X 30M
As 30m
a first step of analysis the portal frame for above problem
Portal Column 6m is designed by conventional design procedure for following
construction materials and technology:
1 Steel section for Columns & Beams or R.C.C. Columns &
Beams to support G.C.I. sheets Roof

15m
15m

3m
5m c/c

5M X 30M Fig (3)- Conventional Section

30m
6m
In conventional practice of design the Portal Sections are
designed for maximum Bending Moment & Shear force in
both cases i.e. R.C.C. as well as Steel design. Therefore the
section is uniform throughout for all columns and Beams
Fig.(3)
15m 2 Pre-engineered Steel section or R.C.C. for Columns &
Beams to support G.C.I. sheets Roof
Fig.(2) Portal to be designed for the project work There are two types of curtailment of construction materials
(Steel/Concrete) as per the ease of construction and design
The analysis is made with respect to: requirements:
1. Complete Portal frame with steel sections and G.C.I. sheets
roofing with supporting purlins
2. R.C.C. design for Portal frame with Conventional concept
3. Portal Frame with Pre –engineered steel sections and G.C.I.
sheets roofing with supporting purlins
Requirement of portal frames with above specifications is
often felt for building designed for following purposes:-

i. Cinema halls , Public function halls e.g. marriage

resorts, Theaters, Ygya-shala etc. in above types of building
often mazzine floors is required for that R.C.C slab is cast at Fig.(4):- Pre-engineered tappered section
3m height , besides enclosing the hall with brick walls.
Therefore R.C.C portal columns are preferred for economic
reasons.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

R.C.C portal for problem under study.

Fig.(5):- Pre-engineered stepped section

CONCLUSION -
Cost Comparison of Portal design – The literature survey shows that construction of high roof
* Roofing materials its section members are same for all type buildings like Cinema hall, studios, a mol etc. Portal Frames is
of portal designs consider for the hall best solution to construct large span buildings. The top floor
* Footing also in all case be same. It is designed as in case of may be sheet roofing and there may be intermediate floors
R.C.C. Portal and adopted same for all types of construction with R.C.C. slab and partition brick walls. The finding of this
i.e. steel and pre-engineered type. research study clearly reveals that in such buildings R.C.C.
Hence cost comparison is meaning full w.r.t.to portals column portals with tapered section will be economical and easy in
and beam section size and their materials. construction because the tapering can be achieved by wooden
* Rate analysis for different construction materials is given in form work. Many researchers have worked on design of
Appendix – I: (A) Steel Sections, (B) Reinforced Cement portals with steel sections and specially recommend tapered
Concrete Portals section for economical reasons. But the availability of
* Construction cost analysis for R.C.C. portal is given in required tapered steel section is difficult and costly affairs.
Appendix. The cost is found Rs. 19925 per m3 Hence for pre-engineered construction works R.C.C. portals
* Cost of steel section in case of conventional type steel will be an ideal solution of high roof buildings.
section is Rs. 120 per Kg.
* Cost of steel sections in case of Pre-engineered components REFERENCES -
is Rs. 200 per Kg [1] Subramanian. N, “Pre- Engineered buildings selection of framing system,
The result is tabulated from table 1 to 6. The bar chart roofing and wall materials” The Master builder, July, 2008, pp 48-62.
representation clearly shows that portal with tapered R.C.C. [2] Meera C.M, “Pre-Engineered Building Design of an Industrial
Warehouse”, International journal of Engineering Sciences and Emerging
section is most economical. It costs only 35000 to build one Technologies, Volume 5, Issue 2, June – 2013, pp: 75- 82.
[3] Syed Firoz et al, “Design concept of Pre Engineered Building”,
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA),
Vol. 2, Issue 2, April 2012, pp.267-272.
[4]. B.N. Dutta”Estimating & costing”.
[5] Video on” house construction with plastic bottles by Samarpan
Foundation”.

TABLE 1 : Cost of Steel Portal Frames Construction

No. Particulars Kg. per m Length Rate Amount

1 Portal - conventional steel Sections
ISMB Section 250 columns 37.3 12 104 46550.4
ISMB Section 250 Beams 37.3 16.14 104 62610.3
Sub Total 109161
M.S. plate for joints 10% 10916.1
Sub total 120077
Labour Cost 30% of above 36023
Cost of One Portal Frame conventional design 156100
Total Say Rs. 156500

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

TABLE 2 : Cost of Pre-engineered Steel Portal stepped curtailment

Pre-engineered - Steel Curtailment
A Stepped Sections
ISMB Section 250 columns 37.3 12 120 53712
ISMB Section 200 Beams 25.4 10.76 120 32796.5
ISMB Section 150 Beams 14.9 5.38 120 9619.44
Sub Total 96127.9
M.S. plate for joints 10% 9612.79
Sub total 105741
Labour Cost 30% of above 31722.2
Cost of One Portal Frame with conventional
design 137463
Total Say Rs. 138000

TABLE 3 : Cost of Pre-engineered Steel Portal Tapered Curtailment

Pre-engineered - Steel Curtailment in Tappered
B Sections
ISMB Section 250 columns to 37.3 12 140 62664
ISMB Beam 200 to 150 sect 20.15 10.76 140 30354
ISMB Section 150 Beams 14.9 5.38 140 11222.7
Sub Total 104241
M.S. plate for joints 10% 10424.1
Sub total 114665
Labour Cost 30% of above 34399.4
Cost of One Portal Frame with conventional
design 149064
Total Say Rs. 149000

TABLE 4 : Cost of Portal Frames Conventional Section of RCC

2 Portal - Conventional R.C.C. Sections

Columns 400x250 12 1.2
Beam 400x250 16.14 1.614
Sub Total 2.814 19925 56069
Extra for form work 10% 5606.9
Sub total 61675.8
Labour Cost 30% of above 18502.8
Cost of One Portal Frame with conventional design 80178.6
Total Say Rs. 80500

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

TABLE 5 : Cost of Pre-engineered R.C.C. Portal stepped curtailment

A Pre-engineered - R.C.C. Stepped Sections

Columns 400x250 12 1.2
Beam 400x250 10.76 1.076
Beam 250 x 250 5.38 0.33625
Sub Total 1.41225 19925 28139.1
Extra for form work 10% 2813.91

Sub total 30953

Labour Cost 30% of above 9285.9
Cost of One Portal Frame with conventional design 40238.9

TABLE 6 : Cost of Pre-engineered R.C.C. Portal Tapered Curtailment

B Pre-engineered - R.C.C. Tapered Sections

Columns 400x250 12 1.2
Beam 400x250 to 250x250 10.76 0.87425
Beam 250 x 250 5.38 0.33625
Sub Total 1.2105 19925 24119.2
Extra for form work 10% 2411.92
Sub total 26531.1
Labour Cost 30% of above 7959.34
Cost of One Portal Frame with conventional design 34490.5

Appendix –I Rate Analysis

A-Rate Analysis for Portal Steel Sections

No Sec
. Particulars modulus Kg./m Amount
1m
1 ISMB Section 250 length 37.5 80 material
1m
2 ISMB Section 200 length 25.2 80 cost
1m
3 ISMB Section 150 length 14.5 80
4 Labour Cost
i) Conventional section 30% 24
Total 104
ii) Pre-engineered stepped section 50% 40
Total 120

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 4 Issue 05, May-2015

B- Rate Analysis for Portal R.C.C. Section Steel % by volume of

Concrete
RCC :
mix 1 2 :4 3 SLAB 1.00%
Wet Volume 1.00 m3 BEAM 2.00%
Dry Volume 1.54 COULMN 2.50%
Road 0.60%
Unit Rs. / AMOUNT SUBTOTA
MATERIAL Qty. s Unit (Rs.) L (Rs.)
CEMENT BAGS 6.34 bags 300 1902
SAND 0.44 m3 900 396
Aggregate 0.88 m3 700 616
Reinforcement 196.25 Kg 60 11775
14689.02
LABOUR With
Mechanical Mixer &
Vibrator Days
MASO
N 0.37 300 111.00
LABOU
R 3.50 200 700.00
WATER
CARRIER 1.39 200 278.00
BAR BENDER 1.96 200 392.50
MIXER
OPERTOR 0.071 200 14.28
MIXER
VIBRATOR 0.071 200 14.28 1510.06
PRIME COST
(Rs.): 16199
Water Charges 1.5% 243
Sundries (including mixer machine,
transportation etc) 7.5 % 1215
Contractor's
Profit 14 % 2268

Total Cost per m3 of

RCC = 19925
Cost of RCC for Given
Data = Rs. 19925

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