Design and Analysis of Prefabricated Structure Using E TAB
Design and Analysis of Prefabricated Structure Using E TAB
Design and Analysis of Prefabricated Structure Using E TAB
1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.
3,4,5
UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, TamilNadu,India.
Abstract: Precast concrete is well known technology in which Precast concrete construction is not a new construction
some standardized units which are manufactured in factories technique it’s as old as traditional construction itself. But it
are used for fast construction. Though the technology is was not extensively used and its application was only
developed many years ago but the implementation is not up the limited to industrial structures and long span elements like
mark in our country. In this study we have carried out detailed
bridge girder, tunnel lining, retaining wall etc. Precast
study of various concepts of precast, go through number of
literature & found the facts associated with it. Existing concrete construction was not used in large scale in
reinforced concrete structures stock is wide and also includes commercial and residential projects due to many problems
buildings with precast elements, being largely used since Fifties the major drawbacks were,
primarily to satisfy needs of the manufacture and tertiary Lack of standard guidelines by building
purposes. Their diffusion has been supported by flexibility of authorities,
structural net dimensions and by the economy and efficiency of Complicated analysis design procedures, which
the constructional process. For this purpose a reference project was not possible without advancement of
at Chennai location is taken and modelled in ETABS software to
computer application in analysis and design.
analyze the structure and design.
Keywords: Design, Analysis, Prefabricated Structure,
E TAB But in present days precast concrete construction used in
phase of industrialization of construction Industry. This
technique is gaining importance in present days supported
1. INTRODUCTION by Advancement in automations on production of precast
Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes elastic
elements. Introduction of heavy lifting equipment and
waves Earth earthquake environmental effects tsunamis transportation vehicle. Improvement in concrete technology
seismic sources geology paleo seismology. A recording of also required strength and mechanical properties can be
earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram. achieved easily in concrete now a day.
A seismologist is a scientist who does research in
seismology and the propagation of through the or through Advancement in connection technique to assemble precast
other planet-like bodies. The field also includes studies of component like post stressing, dowel connection, steel
such as well as diverse such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, anchor connections etc. The cons of these technique are
atmospheric, and artificial processes such as Improved quality control can be maintained in industrial
explosions.Generally concrete is good in compression and production. Better indoor working condition to cast precast
weak in tension. So in order to overcome the weakness in
components. The shortage of onsite skilled workers is
the tensile strength reinforcement is placed in the concrete
solved by precast construction. The precast components are
so it is known as reinforced concrete. Now a days in order cast in precise steel moulds hence onsite formwork is not
to complete work fast precast structures are used. Precast required. Cost effective production due to cost reduction
structures are easy to cast and easy to construction in site. from formwork, scaffolding. Time saving is achieved hence
The time taken for the construction is also very less when it is erected easily without huge time gap for curing,
compared with the normal construction. The structural formwork, reinforcement fabrication on site. Slender
components are standardizedand produced in plants in a members like T-section and I-section can be produced to
location away from the building site. meet the architectural demand and material saving.
Then transported to the site for assembly. Transportation cost is reduced when the project site is in
The components are manufactured by industrial economical reach. But the major difficulty faced by
methods based on mass production in order to structural engineers in implementing this technique in large
build a large number of buildings in a short time at scale project because its seismic performance was not
low cost. satisfactory which majorly depend on connection type used
Volume 7, Issue 2, March – April 2018 Page 235
International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org, editorijettcs@gmail.com
Volume 7, Issue 2, March - April 2018 ISSN 2278-6856
to connect one member with other and lack of stiffening Time period: 0.427 sec (calculated as per IS
elements for horizontal stiffness of structure with shear 1893: 2002)
wall and core walls.
2. METHODOLOGY
1.1 Features Figure 1 shows the methodology of the study
The division and specialization of the human
workforce.
The use of tools, machinery, and other equipment,
usually automated, in the
Production of standard, interchangeable part sand
products.
Compared to site-cast concrete, precast concrete
erection is faster and less affected by adverse
weather conditions.
Plant casting allows increased efficiency, high
quality control and greater control on finishes.
1.2 Comparison
1.2.1 Site-Cast
No transportation
The size limitation is depending on the elevation
capacity only
Lower quality because directly affected by
weather
Proper, large free space required.
Prefabricated structures are used for sites which The technique is also used in office blocks,
are not suitable for normal construction method warehouses and factory buildings.
such as hilly region and also when normal Prefabricated steel and glass section are widely
construction materials are not easily available. used for the exterior of large buildings.
PFS facilities can also be created at near a site as Prefabricated bridge elements and systems offer
is done to make concrete blocks used in plane of bridge designers & contractors significant
conventional knick. advantages in terms of construction time safety
Structures which are used repeatedly and can be environmental impact constructability and cost.
standardized such as mass housing storage sheds, Prefabrication can also help minimize the impact
godowns, shelter, bus stand security cabins, site on transfer from bridge building.
offices, fool over bridges road bridges. Tubular Radio towers for mobile phone and other services
structures, concrete building blocks etc. are often consist of multiple prefabricated sections.
prefabricated structures. Prefabricated has become widely used in the
assembly of aircraft and space craft with
3.1.4 Process Of Prefabrication component such as wings and fuselage sections
An example from house building illustrates the often being manufactured in different countries or
process of prefabrication. states from the final assembly site.
The conventional method of building a house is to
transport bricks, timber, cement, sand, steel and 3.4 Materials Used
construction aggregate etc. to the site and to Prefabricated building materials are used for buildings that
construct the house on site from these materials. are manufactured offsite and shipped later to assemble at
In prefabricated construction only the foundations the final location some of the commonly used prefabricated
are constructed in this way. While sections of building. The materials used in the prefabricated
walls floors and roof are prefabricated structures components are many. The modern trend is to use concrete
with windows and doorframe included and steel, treated wood, aluminium cellular concrete, light
transported to the site lifted in to place by a crane weight concrete, ceramic products etc. While choosing the
and boiled together. materials for prefabrication the following special
characteristics are to be considered.
3.2 Design Considerations Light weight for easy handling and transport and
Final position and loads to economic an sections and sizes of foundations.
Transportation requirements – self load and Thermal insulation property
position during transportation Easy workability
Storing requirements – self-load and position Durability in all weather conditions
during storing – (avoid or store in the same Non combustibility
position as it transported / built in) Economy in cost
Lifting loads – distribution of lifting points – Sound insulation
optimal way of lifting (selection of lifting and
rigging tools) 3.5 Types Of Pre Cast System
Vulnerable points (e.g. edges) – reduction of risk Large-panel systems
(e.g. rounded edges) Frame systems
Slab-column systems with walls
3.3 Uses Of Prefabrication Mixed systems
The most widely used form of prefabrication
building and civil engineering is the use of 3.5.1 Large-Panel Systems
prefabrication concrete & prefabricated steel Box-like structure.
sections in structures where a particular part or Both vertical and horizontal elements areload-
form is repeated many times. bearing.
Pouring concrete sections in a factory brings the One-story high wall panels (cross-wall system /
advantages of being able to re-use moulds and the longitudinal wall system / two way system).
concrete can be mixed on the spot without having
One-way or two way slabs.
to be transported to and pumped wet on a
congested construction site.
3.3.2 Frame Systems
Prefabricating steel sections reduces on-site
Components are usually linear elements.
cutting and welding costs as well as the associated
The beams are seated on corbels of the pillars
hazards.
usually with hinged joints(rigid connection is also
Prefabrication techniques are used in the
an option).
construction of apartment blocks and housing
developments with repeated housing units. Joints are filled with concrete at the site.
Analysis and design of building structures with a structural Table 1: Storey Data
system consisting of beams, slabs, columns, shear walls and
bracings. Different materials can be assigned to the
structural elements within the same model such as steel,
RC, composite or any other user-defined material. Easy and
automatic generation of gravity and lateral loads (seismic
and wind loads) when compared with other FE general
analysis programs.
4.3 Advantages
Graphic input and editing for easy and fast model
generation
3D generation of the model through plan views 5.2 Loads
and elevations Fast model generation using the This chapter provides loading information as applied to the
concept of Similar stories model.
Easy editing through the Move, Merge, Mirror and
Copy commands 5.2.1 Load Patterns
Accuracy in dimensions by using Snaps (end, Table 3 shows the load patterns
perpendicular, middle etc.)
Fast object creation with one click of the mouse Table 2: Load patterns
Multiple viewing windows.
3D view with zoom and pan capability
3D axonometric view of the model, plan view,
elevation view, elevation development view,
custom view defined by the user.
Graphic input of cross sections of any geometry
and material (Section Designer)
Copy and Paste of the geometry of a model to and
from spreadsheets
5. E-TABS RESULTS
Figure 3 shows the building storey
5.1 Structure Data
This chapter provides model geometry information,
including items such as story levels, point coordinates, and
element connectivity.
6. CONCLUSION
By considering the results that has been concluded, that the
deflection and the storey drift occurred in the precast
structure is more when compared with the RCC structure.
The base shear values are also different when compared
with the RCC structure.
The use of prefabrication and preassembly is
estimated to have almost doubled in the last 15
years, increasing by 86%.
The use of precast concrete construction can
significantly reduce the amount of construction
waste generated on construction sites.
Reduce adverse environmental impact on sites.
Enhance quality control of concreting work.
Reduce the amount of site labour.
Figure 9 Story drift
Increase worker safety.
Other impediments to prefabrication and
preassembly are increased transportation
difficulties, greater inflexibility, and more
advanced procurement requirements.
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