Problems:

1.) As Becky was driving “Old Betsy,” the family station wagon, the engine finally quit being
worn out after 171,000 miles. It can be assumed that the average speed over its lifetime
was 40 mph at an engine speed of 1700 RPM. The engine is a 5 liter V8 operating on a
four-stroke cycle.
Calculate: a.) how many revolutions has the engine experienced?
b.) How many spark plug firings have occurred in the entire engine?
c.) How many intake strokes have occurred in one cylinder?
Solution:
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣
(171,000 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠)(60 )(1700 )
ℎ𝑟 min
a.) 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
40
ℎ𝑟

𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 4.36𝑥108 𝑟𝑒𝑣

𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠
b.) 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = (𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) ( ) ; 4 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒
𝑟𝑒𝑣

𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠
𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = (4.36𝑥108 𝑟𝑒𝑣) ( 4 )
𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 1.744𝑥109 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑟 1.744𝑥109 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒/𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
c.) 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 = (𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠) (𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒)

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 = (1.744𝑥109 ) (8 )
𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 = 2.18𝑥108
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
2.) A four cylinder, two stroke cycle diesel engine with 10.9cm bore and 12.6cm stroke
produces 88kW of rate power at 200rpm. Compression ratio rc=18:1.
Calculate: a.) engine displacement (cm3, L)
b.) Brake mean effective pressure (kPa)
c.) Torque (N-m)
d.) Clearance volume of one cylinder (cm3)
Solution:
a.) Vd
𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = 𝑁𝑐 ( ) 𝐵 2 𝑆
4
𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = (4 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠)( )(10.9𝑐𝑚)2 (12.6𝑐𝑚)
4
𝑉𝑑 = 4703𝑐𝑚3 = 4.703 𝐿
b.) Bmep
𝑈𝑝 = 2𝑆𝑁

𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑚 2000
𝑈𝑝 = (2 ) (0.126 ) ( 𝑟𝑒𝑣)
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 60
𝑠𝑒𝑐
8.4𝑚
𝑈𝑝 =
𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜋
𝐴𝑝 = ( ) 𝐵 2 𝑁𝑐
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑝 = ( ) (0.109𝑚)2 (4𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒)
4
𝐴𝑝 = 0.0373𝑚2
(𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝)𝐴𝑝 𝑈𝑝
𝑊𝑏 =
2
𝑚
(𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝)(0.0373𝑚2 ) (8.4
88𝑘𝑊 = sec)
2
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 561 𝑘𝑃𝑎
c.) Torque
(𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝)𝑉𝑑
𝑇=
2𝜋
 (561 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(0.004703 𝑚3 )
𝑇=
2𝜋
𝑇 = 420 𝑁𝑚
d.) For one cylinder
𝑉𝑑
𝑉𝑑1 =
4
𝑐𝑚3
1 = 4703
4
𝑉𝑑1 = 1176 𝑐𝑚3
𝑟𝑐 = (𝑉𝑑 + 𝑉𝑐)
1176 + 𝑉𝑐
18 =
𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 69.2 𝑐𝑚3
3.) A four cylinder, 2.4 Liter engine operates on a four- stroke cycle at 3200rpm. The
compression ratio is 9.4:1, the connecting rod length r=18cm, the bore and stroke are
related as S= 1.06B.
Calculate: a.) Clearance volume of one cylinder in cm3 and L
b.) Bore and stroke in cm
c.) Average piston speed in m/sec
Solution:
a.) Vc of 1 cylinder
2.4𝐿
𝑉𝑑 = = 0.6𝐿
4
𝑉𝑑 = 600𝑐𝑚3
(𝑉𝑑 + 𝑉𝑐)
𝑟𝑐 =
𝑉𝑐
600 + 𝑉𝑐
9.4 =
𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 71.43𝑐𝑚3 𝑜𝑟 0.07143𝐿
b.) B and S
𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = 600𝑐𝑚3 = ( ) 𝐵 2 (1.06𝐵)
4
𝐵 = 8.97𝑐𝑚
𝑆 = 1.06𝐵 = (1.06)(8.97𝑐𝑚)
 𝑆 = 9.50 𝑐𝑚𝑑
c.) Up
𝑈𝑝 = 2𝑆𝑁
2𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 𝑚 3200 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑈𝑝 = ( ) (0.0950 )( )( )
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑈𝑝 = 10.13𝑚/𝑠
4.) In problem 3, what is the average piston speed and what is the piston speed when the
crank angle θ=90° aTDC in m/s?
Solution:

a.) Problem3: Up=10.13m/s

b.) Piston speed
𝑆 0.096𝑚
𝑎= = = 0.0475𝑚
2 2
𝑈𝑝 = 𝜔𝑟
3200 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑈𝑝 = (( ) (2𝜋) ( )) (0.0465𝑚)
60 𝑠

𝑈𝑝 = 15.9 𝑚/𝑠
5.) A five cylinder, 3.5 Liter SI engine operates on a four stroke cycle at 2500rpm. At this
condition, the mechanical efficiency of the engine is 62% and 1000 Joules of indicated
work are produced each cycle in each cylinder.
Calculate: a.) Indicated mean effective pressure (Imep) (in kPa)

b.) Brake mean effective pressure (bmep) (in kPa)

c.) Friction mean effective pressure (fmep) (in kPa)

d.) Torque (Nm)

Solution:

a.) imep

𝑊 1𝑘𝐽
𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 = = = 1429 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑑 (0.0007𝑚3 )

b.) bmep

𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 𝜂𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 = (0.62)(1429 𝑘𝑃𝑎)

𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 886 𝑘𝑃𝑎

c.) fmep

𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 − 𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝

𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 1429𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 886𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 543 𝑘𝑃𝑎
d.) Torque

𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝𝑉𝑑
𝑇=
4𝜋
𝑘𝑁
(886 2 ) (0.0035 𝑚3 )
𝑇= 𝑚
4𝜋
𝑇 = 247 𝑁𝑚

6.) The engine operating at the conditions in problem 5 is square, with the stroke equal to the
bore.

Calculate: a.) Specific power (kW/cm2)

b.) Output per displacement (kW/cm3)

c.) Specific volume (cm3/kW)

d.) Power lost to friction in kW.

Solution:

Vd= 0.0007m3
𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = ( ) 𝐵 2 𝑆 ; 𝐵 = 𝑆
4
𝐵 = 𝑆 = 0.0962𝑚 𝑜𝑟 9.62𝑐𝑚

a.) Specific Work

𝑊𝑏
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 (𝑤) =
𝐴𝑝
𝑊𝑏
𝑤= 𝜋
(4 ) 𝐵 2 𝑁𝑐
64.6𝑘𝑊
𝑤= 𝜋
((4) (9.62𝑐𝑚)2 (5𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒)
𝑘𝑊
𝑤 = 0.178
𝑐𝑚2
b.) Output per displacement
𝑊𝑏
𝑂𝑃𝐷 =
𝑉𝑑
64.4 𝑘𝑊
𝑂𝑃𝐷 =
3500 𝑐𝑚3
𝑂𝑃𝐷 = 0.0185 𝑘𝑊/𝑐𝑚3
c.) Specific Volume
𝑉𝑑
𝑣=
𝑊𝑏
3500 𝑐𝑚3
𝑣=
64.6𝑘𝑊
𝑣 = 54.1 𝑐𝑚3 /𝑘𝑊
7.) The engine is connected to a dynamometer which gives a brake output torque reading of
205 N-m at 3600 RPM. At this speed air enters the cylinders at 85 kPa and 60°C, and the
mechanical efficiency of the engine is 85%.

Calculate:

a.) brake power

b.) indicated power

c.) Brake mean effective pressure

d.) Indicated mean pressure

 e.) Friction mean effective pressure

Solution:

a.) 𝑊𝑏 = 2𝜋𝑁𝑇
𝑟𝑎𝑑 3600 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑊𝑏 = (2𝜋 )( ) (205𝑁𝑚)
𝑠 60 sec
𝑊𝑏 = 77,300𝑘𝑊
𝑊𝑏
b.) 𝑊𝑖 = 𝜂

77.3𝑘𝑊
𝑊𝑖 =
0.85
𝑊𝑖 = 90.9𝑘𝑊
4𝜋𝑇
c.) 𝐵𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 𝑉𝑑

𝑟𝑎𝑑
(4𝜋 ) (205𝑁𝑚)
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝐵𝑚𝑒𝑝 =
𝑚3
0.003
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝐵𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 859 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝
d.) 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 𝜂𝑚

859𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 =
0.85
𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 1010 𝑘𝑃𝑎
e.) 𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑝 − 𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝
𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 1010𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 859𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑚𝑒𝑝 = 151𝑘𝑃𝑎

8.) The engine in Example Problem 2-2 is running with an air-fuel ratio AF = 15, a fuel heating
value of 44,000kJ/kg, and a combustion efficiency of 97%.

Calculate: a.) rate of fuel into engine in kg/sec

b.) brake thermal efficiency

c.) indicated thermal efficiency

 d.) Volumetric Efficiency

Solution:
𝑚𝑎
a.) 𝑚𝑓 = 𝐴𝐹

0.0005
𝑚𝑓 =
15
𝑘𝑔 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
𝑚𝑓 = 0.000033
𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑟𝑒𝑣 1𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑓 = (0.000033 ) (6𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒) ( )( )
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 60 sec 2 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑚𝑓 = 0.0060 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑊𝑏
b.) 𝜂𝑡𝑏 = 𝑚
𝑓 𝑄𝜂𝑐

77.3 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑡𝑏 =
𝑘𝑔 44,0000𝑘𝐽
(0.006 sec) ( ) (0.97)
𝑘𝑔
𝜂𝑡𝑏 = 0.302 𝑜𝑟 30.2%
𝜂𝑡𝑏
c.) 𝜂𝑡𝑖 = 𝜂𝑚

0.302
𝜂𝑡𝑖 =
0.85
𝜂𝑡𝑖 = 0.355 = 35.5%
𝑚𝑎
d.) 𝜂𝑣 = 𝜌
𝑎 𝑉𝑑

0.0005 𝑘𝑔
𝜂𝑣 =
𝑘𝑔
(1.181 3 ) (0.0005 𝑚3 )
𝑚
𝜂𝑣 = 0.847 = 84.7%
9.) An SI, six-liter, V8 race car engine operates at WOT on a four-stroke cycle at 6000

RPM using stoichiometric nitromethane. Fuel enters the engine at a rate of 0.198 kg/sec and
combustion efficiency is 99%.

Calculate: (a) Volumetric efficiency of engine. [%]

(b) Flow rate of air into engine. [kg/sec]

(c) Heat added per cycle per cylinder. [kJ]

(d) Chemical energy from unburned fuel in the exhaust. [kW]

Solution:

(a) Brake power using Eq. (2-43)

𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠 800 𝑟𝑒𝑣

(2π
𝑊̇ = 2πNτ = 𝑟𝑒𝑣 )( 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 )(76𝑁 − 𝑚) = 6.365𝑘𝑊
(1000W⁄𝑘𝑊 )

mass flow rate of fuel

0.113 𝑘𝑔 𝑔𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑚
𝑚̇𝑓 = ( )(1000 )(60 ) = 1695
4 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Eq. (2-60)

𝑔𝑚
𝑚̇𝑓 (1695 ℎ𝑟 ) 𝑔𝑚
𝑏𝑠𝑓𝑐 = = = 266.3
𝑊̇ 𝑏 (6.365𝑘𝑊) 𝑘𝑊 − ℎ𝑟

(b)

displacement volume using Eq. (2-9)

𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = (𝑁𝑐 )( )(𝐵 2 𝑆) = (1𝑐𝑦𝑙)( )(12.9𝑐𝑚)2 (18.0cm) = 2353𝑐𝑚3 = 2.353𝐿
4 4
= 0.002353𝑚3
Eq. (2-41)

4πτ (4π)(76𝑁 − 𝑚) 𝑁
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = = = 405,700 = 405.7𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑑 (0.002353𝑚3 ) 𝑚2

or using Eq. (2-87)

(6.28)(2)(76)
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = = 405.7𝑘𝑃𝑎
(2.353)

or using Eq. (2-88)

(1000)(6.365)(2)
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = = 405.7𝑘𝑃𝑎
800
[(2.353)( 60 )]

(c)

from above 𝑊̇ 𝑏 = 6.365𝑘𝑊

(d)

piston face area using Eq. (2-15)

𝜋 𝜋
𝐴𝑝 = ( )(𝐵2 ) = ( )(12.9𝑐𝑚)2 = 130.7𝑐𝑚2
4 4

Eq. (2-51)

𝑊̇ 𝑏 (6.365𝐾𝑊) 𝑘𝑊
𝑆𝑃 = = 2
= 0.0487 2
𝐴𝑝 (130.7𝑐𝑚 ) 𝑐𝑚

𝑊̇ 𝑏 (6.365𝑘𝑊) 𝑘𝑊
(e) Eq.(2-52) 𝑂𝑃𝐷 = = = 2.71
𝑉𝑑 (2.353𝐿) 𝐿

(f) Eq. (2-53)

𝑉𝑑 (2.353𝐿) 𝐿
𝑆𝑉 = = = 0.730
𝑊̇𝑏 (6.365𝑘𝑊) 𝑘𝑊
10.) A small single-cylinder, two-stroke cycle SI engine operates at 8000 RPM with a
volumetric efficiency of Tlv = 0.85. The engine is square (bore = stroke) and has a
displacement of 6.28 em 3. The fuel-air ratio FA = 0.067.

Calculate: (a) Average piston speed. [m/sec]

(b) Flow rate of air into engine. [kg/see]

(c) Flow rate of fuel into engine. [kg/see]

(d) Fuel input for one cycle. [kg/cycle]

Solution:

(500𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠) 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
(a) = 27.78 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛
(18𝑔𝑎𝑙)

𝐿
(3.785 ) 𝐿 𝐿
𝑔𝑎𝑙
(b) 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑘𝑚 = 0.0847 𝑘𝑚 = 8.47 100km
[(27.78 )(1.609 )]
𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

(c)rate of fuel use during trip

𝐿 𝑘𝑔
[(18𝑔𝑎𝑙)(3.785 )(0.692 𝐿 )] 𝑘𝑔
𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝑚̇𝑓 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0.001048
[(12.5ℎ𝑟)(3600 )] 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ℎ𝑟

mass of CO

𝑘𝑔 𝑔𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑐
[(0.001048 𝑠𝑒𝑐 )(28 )(3600 )(12.5ℎ𝑟)]
𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟
𝑔𝑚 = 1.32𝑘𝑔
(1000 )
𝑘𝑔
11.) A single-cylinder, four-stroke cycle CI engine with 12.9-cm bore and 18.0-cm stroke,
operating at 800 RPM, uses 0.113 kg of fuel in four minutes while developing a torque of 76
N-m.

Calculate: (a) Brake specific fuel consumption. [grnlkW-hr]

(b) Brake mean effective pressure. [kpa]

(c) Brake power. [kW]

(d) Specific power. [kW/cm2]

(e) Output per displacement. [kW/L]

(f) Specific volume. [L/kW]

(a) displacement volume of one cylinder

Solution:

(0.0056𝑚3 ) 𝑚3
(a) 𝑉𝑑 = (10𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠) = 0.00056 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟

𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = ( )(𝐵2 )(𝑆) = (0.00056𝑚3 ) = ( )(𝐵2 )(1.12𝐵)
4 4
𝐵 = 0.0860𝑚

𝑆 = 1.12𝐵 = (1.12)(0.0860𝑚) = 0.0963𝑚

Eq. (2-2)

𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑚 3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑚

𝑈̄𝑝 = 2SN = (2 )(0.0963 )( )∗( ) = 11.56
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 60 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑠𝑒𝑐

(b) Eq (2-76)

[(159.2)(162)]
𝜏= = 429.8𝑁 − 𝑚
3600
( 60 )

(c) Eq (2-87)

[(6.28)(2)(429.8)]
𝑏𝑚𝑒𝑝 = = 964𝑘𝑃𝑎
(5.6)
12.) The engine operating at the conditions in problem 3 has a combustion efficiency of 97%.

Calculate: a.) Rate of unburned hydrocarbon fuel which is expelled into the
exhaust system in kg/hr

b.) specific emissions of Helium (gm/kW-hr)

c.) Emissions index of Helium

Solution:

(a) mass flow rate of fuel into engine

𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇𝑓 = 0.0060
𝑠𝑒𝑐

mass flow of fuel not burned

𝑘𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑘𝑔
(𝑚̇𝑓 )𝑛𝑏 = 𝑚̇𝑓 (1 − 𝜂𝑐 ) = (0.0060 )(1 − 0.97)(3600 ) = 0.648
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

(b) Eq. (2-73)

𝑔𝑚
𝑚𝐻𝐶
̇ (648 )
(𝑆𝐸)𝐻𝐶 = = ℎ𝑟 = 8.38 𝑔𝑚
𝑊̇𝑏 (77.3𝑘𝑊) 𝑘𝑊ℎ𝑟

(c)

mass flow of unburned fuel emissions

𝑘𝑔 𝑔𝑚
[(0.648 )(1000 )] 𝑔𝑚
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝐻𝐶
̇ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 0.18
(3600 ) 𝑠𝑒𝑐
ℎ𝑟

Eq. (2-74)

𝑔𝑚
𝑚𝐻𝐶
̇ (0.18 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ) 𝑔𝑚
(𝐸𝐼)𝐻𝐶 = = = 30
𝑚̇𝑓 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
(0.0060 𝑠𝑒𝑐 )
13.) A pickup truck has a five-liter, V6, SI engine operating at 2400 RPM. The compression ratio
rc = 10.2:1, the volumetric efficiency Tlv = 0.91, and the bore and stroke are related as stroke S =
0.92 B.

Calculate: (a) Stroke length. [em]

(b) Average piston speed. [rnlsec]

(c) Clearance volume of one cylinder. [cm3]

(d) Air flow rate into engine. [kg/see]

Solution:

5𝐿
a.) 𝑉𝑑 = 6

𝑉𝑑 = 0.8333 = 833.3𝑐𝑚3
𝜋 𝜋
𝑉𝑑 = ( ) 𝐵 2 𝑆 = ( ) (0.92)𝐵 3
4 4
𝐵 = 10.49𝑐𝑚
𝑆 = 0.92 𝐵 = (0.92)(10.49𝑐𝑚)
𝑆 = 9.65 𝑐𝑚
b.) 𝑈𝑝 = 2𝑆𝑁
𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑠 𝑚 2400 𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑈𝑝 = (2 ) (0.0965 )( )
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑘𝑒 60 sec
𝑈𝑝 = 7.72 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑉𝑑+𝑉𝑐
c.) 𝑅𝑐 = 𝑉𝑐
833.3 + 𝑉𝑐
10.2 =
𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑐 = 90.6𝑐𝑚3
(𝜌𝑎 𝑉𝑑𝜂𝑣 𝑁)
d.) 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑛
2400
(1.181)(0.005)0.91)(
𝑚𝑎 = 60 )
2
𝑚𝑎 = 0.107 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐