Tja 1054
Tja 1054
Tja 1054
1. General description
The TJA1054 is the interface between the protocol controller and the physical bus wires in
a Controller Area Network (CAN). It is primarily intended for low-speed applications up to
125 kBd in passenger cars. The device provides differential receive and transmit
capability but will switch to single-wire transmitter and/or receiver in error conditions.
The TJA1054T is pin and downwards compatible with the PCA82C252T and the
TJA1053T. This means that these two devices can be replaced by the TJA1054T with
retention of all functions.
The most important improvements of the TJA1054 with respect to the PCA82C252 and
TJA1053 are:
• Very low EME due to a very good matching of the CANL and CANH output signals
• Good EMI, especially in low power modes
• Full wake-up capability during bus failures
• Extended bus failure management including short-circuit of the CANH bus line to VCC
• Support for easy system fault diagnosis
• Two-edge sensitive wake-up input signal via pin WAKE
2.3 Protections
Bus pins short-circuit safe to battery and to ground
Thermally protected
Bus lines protected against transients in an automotive environment
An unpowered node does not disturb the bus lines
[1] All parameters are guaranteed over the virtual junction temperature range by design, but only 100 % tested
at Tamb = 125 °C for dies on wafer level, and above this for cased products 100 % tested at Tamb = 25 °C,
unless otherwise specified.
[2] For bare die, all parameters are only guaranteed if the back side of the die is connected to ground.
[3] A local or remote wake-up event will be signalled at the transceiver pins RXD and ERR if
VBAT = 5.3 V to 27 V see Table 5.
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[4] Junction temperature in accordance with “IEC 60747-1”. An alternative definition is: Tvj = Tamb + P × Rth(vj-a)
where Rth(vj-a) is a fixed value to be used for the calculation of Tvj. The rating for Tvj limits the allowable
combinations of power dissipation (P) and ambient temperature (Tamb).
4. Ordering information
Table 2. Ordering information
Type number Package
Name Description Version
TJA1054T SO14 plastic small outline package; 14 leads; body width 3.9 mm SOT108-1
TJA1054T/S900 SO14 plastic small outline package; 14 leads; body width 3.9 mm SOT108-1
TJA1054U - bare die; 1990 × 2700 × 375 μm -
5. Block diagram
BAT VCC
14 10
1
INH
7 TEMPERATURE
WAKE WAKE-UP PROTECTION
5 STANDBY
STB CONTROL 9
6 RTL
EN 11
CANH
VCC 12
CANL
8
2 DRIVER RTH
TXD TIMER
VCC TJA1054
FAILURE DETECTOR
4
ERR PLUS WAKE-UP
PLUS TIME-OUT
VCC FILTER
RECEIVER
3
RXD
FILTER
13 mgl421
GND
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6. Pinning information
6.1 Pinning
INH 1 14 BAT
TXD 2 13 GND
RXD 3 12 CANL
STB 5 10 VCC
EN 6 9 RTL
WAKE 7 8 RTH
001aaf610
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7. Functional description
The TJA1054 is the interface between the CAN protocol controller and the physical wires
of the CAN bus (see Figure 7). It is primarily intended for low-speed applications, up to
125 kBd, in passenger cars. The device provides differential transmit capability to the
CAN bus and differential receive capability to the CAN controller.
To reduce EME, the rise and fall slopes are limited. This allows the use of an unshielded
twisted pair or a parallel pair of wires for the bus lines. Moreover, the device supports
transmission capability on either bus line if one of the wires is corrupted. The failure
detection logic automatically selects a suitable transmission mode.
In normal operating mode (no wiring failures) the differential receiver is output on pin RXD
(see Figure 1). The differential receiver inputs are connected to pins CANH and CANL
through integrated filters. The filtered input signals are also used for the single-wire
receivers. The receivers connected to pins CANH and CANL have threshold voltages that
ensure a maximum noise margin in single-wire mode.
A timer function (TxD dominant time-out function) has been integrated to prevent the bus
lines from being driven into a permanent dominant state (thus blocking the entire network
communication) due to a situation in which pin TXD is permanently forced to a LOW level,
caused by a hardware and/or software application failure.
If the duration of the LOW level on pin TXD exceeds a certain time, the transmitter will be
disabled. The timer will be reset by a HIGH level on pin TXD.
Failures 3, 3a and 6 are detected by comparators connected to the CANH and CANL bus
lines. Failures 3 and 3a are detected in a two-step approach. If the CANH bus line
exceeds a certain voltage level, the differential comparator signals a continuous dominant
condition. Because of inter operability reasons with the predecessor products
PCA82C252 and TJA1053, after a first time-out the transceiver switches to single-wire
operation through CANH. If the CANH bus line is still exceeding the CANH detection
voltage for a second time-out, the TJA1054 switches to CANL operation; the CANH driver
is switched off and the RTH bias changes to the pull-down current source. The time-outs
(delays) are needed to avoid false triggering by external RF fields.
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Failure 6 is detected if the CANL bus line exceeds its comparator threshold for a certain
period of time. This delay is needed to avoid false triggering by external RF fields. After
detection of failure 6, the reception is switched to the single-wire mode through CANH;
the CANL driver is switched off and the RTL bias changes to the pull-up current source.
Failures 4 and 7 initially result in a permanent dominant level on pin RXD. After a time-out
the CANL driver is switched off and the RTL bias changes to the pull-up current source.
Reception continues by switching to the single-wire mode via pins CANH or CANL. When
failures 4 or 7 are removed, the recessive bus levels are restored. If the differential
voltage remains below the recessive threshold level for a certain period of time, reception
and transmission switch back to the differential mode.
If any of the wiring failure occurs, the output signal on pin ERR will be set to LOW. On
error recovery, the output signal on pin ERR will be set to HIGH again. In case of an
interrupted open bus wire, this failure will be detected and signalled only if there is an
open wire between the transmitting and receiving node(s). Thus, during open wire
failures, pin ERR typically toggles.
During all single-wire transmissions, EMC performance (both immunity and emission) is
worse than in the differential mode. The integrated receiver filters suppress any HF noise
induced into the bus wires. The cut-off frequency of these filters is a compromise between
propagation delay and HF suppression. In single-wire mode, LF noise cannot be
distinguished from the required signal.
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The sleep mode is the mode with the lowest power consumption. Pin INH is switched to
HIGH-impedance for deactivation of the external voltage regulator. Pin CANL is biased to
the battery voltage via pin RTL. If the supply voltage is provided, pins RXD and ERR will
signal the wake-up interrupt.
The standby mode operates in the same way as the sleep mode but with a HIGH level on
pin INH.
The power-on standby mode is the same as the standby mode, however, in this mode the
battery power-on flag is shown on pin ERR instead of the wake-up interrupt signal. The
output on pin RXD will show the wake-up interrupt. This mode is only for reading out the
power-on flag.
Wake-up requests are recognized by the transceiver through two possible channels:
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A local wake-up through pin WAKE is detected by a rising or falling edge with a
consecutive level exceeding the maximum specified tWAKE.
On a wake-up request the transceiver will set the output on pin INH to HIGH which can be
used to activate the external supply voltage regulator.
If VCC is provided the wake-up request can be read on the ERR or RXD outputs, so the
external microcontroller can activate the transceiver (switch to normal operating mode) via
pins STB and EN.
To prevent a false remote wake-up due to transients or RF fields, the wake-up voltage
levels have to be maintained for a certain period of time. In the low power modes the
failure detection circuit remains partly active to prevent an increased power consumption
in the event of failures 3, 3a, 4 and 7.
To prevent a false local wake-up during an open wire at pin WAKE, this pin has a weak
pull-up current source towards VBAT. However, in order to prevent EMC issues, it is
recommended to connect a not used pin WAKE to pin BAT. INH is set to floating only if
the goto-sleep command is entered successfully. To enter a successful goto-sleep
command under all conditions, this command must be kept stable for the maximum
specified th(sleep).
Pin INH will be set to a HIGH level again by the following events only:
7.3 Power-on
After power-on (VBAT switched on) the signal on pin INH will become HIGH and an internal
power-on flag will be set. This flag can be read in the power-on standby mode through
pin ERR (STB = 1; EN = 0) and will be reset by entering the normal operating mode.
7.4 Protections
A current limiting circuit protects the transmitter output stages against short-circuit to
positive and negative battery voltage.
If the junction temperature exceeds the typical value of 165 °C, the transmitter output
stages are disabled. Because the transmitter is responsible for the major part of the power
dissipation, this will result in a reduced power dissipation and hence a lower chip
temperature. All other parts of the device will continue to operate.
The pins CANH and CANL are protected against electrical transients which may occur in
an automotive environment.
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POWER-ON
STANDBY
10
GOTO
NORMAL (4) SLEEP (5)
11 01
8. Limiting values
Table 6. Limiting values
In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134).[1]
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Unit
VCC supply voltage −0.3 +6 V
VBAT battery supply voltage −0.3 +40 V
VTXD voltage on pin TXD −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
VRXD voltage on pin RXD −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
VERR voltage on pin ERR −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
VSTB voltage on pin STB −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
VEN voltage on pin EN −0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
VCANH voltage on pin CANH with respect to any −40 +40 V
other pin
VCANL voltage on pin CANL with respect to any −40 +40 V
other pin
Vtrt(n) transient voltage on see Figure 6 −150 +100 V
pins CANH and CANL
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[1] All voltages are defined with respect to pin GND, unless otherwise specified. Positive current flows into the
device.
[2] Only relevant if VWAKE < VGND − 0.3 V; current will flow into pin GND.
[3] Junction temperature in accordance with “IEC 60747-1”. An alternative definition is: Tvj = Tamb + P × Rth(vj-a)
where Rth(vj-a) is a fixed value to be used for the calculation of Tvj. The rating for Tvj limits the allowable
combinations of power dissipation (P) and ambient temperature (Tamb).
[4] Equivalent to discharging a 100 pF capacitor through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
[5] Equivalent to discharging a 200 pF capacitor through a 10 Ω resistor and a 0.75 μH coil.
9. Thermal characteristics
Table 7. Thermal characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Unit
Rth(j-a) thermal resistance from junction to ambient in free air 120 K/W
Rth(j-s) thermal resistance from junction to substrate in free air 40 K/W
bare die
TJA1054 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. © NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
TJA1054 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. © NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
TJA1054 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. © NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
TJA1054 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. © NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
[1] All parameters are guaranteed over the virtual junction temperature range by design, but only 100 % tested at Tamb = 125 °C for dies on
wafer level, and above this for cased products 100 % tested at Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified.
[2] For bare die, all parameters are only guaranteed if the back side of the die is connected to ground.
[3] A local or remote wake-up event will be signalled at the transceiver pins RXD and ERR if VBAT = 5.3 V to 27 V (see Table 5).
[1] All parameters are guaranteed over the virtual junction temperature range by design, but only 100 % tested at Tamb = 125 °C for dies on
wafer level, and above this for cased products 100 % tested at Tamb = 25 °C, unless otherwise specified.
[2] For bare die, all parameters are only guaranteed if the back side of the die is connected to ground.
[3] A local or remote wake-up event will be signalled at the transceiver pins RXD and ERR if VBAT = 5.3 V to 27 V (see Table 5).
[4] To guarantee a successful mode transition under all conditions, the maximum specified time must be applied.
TJA1054 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. © NXP B.V. 2010. All rights reserved.
VTXD VCC
0V
VCANL 5V
3.6 V
1.4 V
VCANH 0V
2.2 V
−3.2 V
ΔVCAN −5 V
VRXD
0.7VCC
0.3VCC
+5 V
TXD
2 CANL
12
STB
5 TJA1054 C2
CANH
EN 11
6
RXD RTL
3 9
R1 C1
13 4
20 pF GND ERR
mgl423
Termination resistors R1 (100 Ω) are not connected to pin RTH or pin RTL for testing purposes
because the minimum load allowed on the CAN bus lines is 500 Ω per transceiver.
The capacitive bus load of 10 nF is split into 3 equal capacitors (3.3 nF) to simulate the bus
cable.
Fig 5. Test circuit for dynamic characteristics
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+12 V
+5 V
10 μF
TXD 511 Ω
2 CANL
12
STB 1 nF
5 TJA1054 GENERATOR
CANH
EN 11
6 1 nF
511 Ω
RXD RTL
3 9
125 Ω 1 nF
13 4
20 pF
GND ERR
mgl426
The waveforms of the applied transients on pins CANH and CANL will be in accordance with
ISO 7637 part 1: test pulses 1, 2, 3a and 3b.
Fig 6. Test circuit for automotive transients
VBAT
BATTERY
VDD +5 V
P8xC592/P8xCE598
CAN CONTROLLER
+5 V
TJA1054 VCC
10
CAN TRANSCEIVER
100 nF
GND
13
8 11 12 9
RTH CANH CANL RTL
[1] All coordinates (μm) represent the position of the center of each pad with respect to the bottom left-hand
corner of the top aluminium layer (see Figure 8).
12 11 10 9
13a
13b 8
1990
μm TJA1054U
14
7
1
6
2
3 4 5
x 0
0
y 2700 μm
mgw505
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SO14: plastic small outline package; 14 leads; body width 3.9 mm SOT108-1
D E A
X
y HE v M A
14 8
Q
A2
(A 3) A
A1
pin 1 index
θ
Lp
1 7 L
e w M detail X
bp
0 2.5 5 mm
scale
Note
1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm (0.006 inch) maximum per side are not included.
99-12-27
SOT108-1 076E06 MS-012
03-02-19
• Through-hole components
• Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board
Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless
packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also,
leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered,
due to an increased probability of bridging.
The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by
component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages,
packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable.
• Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias
• Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation
• The moisture sensitivity level of the packages
• Package placement
• Inspection and repair
• Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering
• Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board
transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are
exposed to the wave
• Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities
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• Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to
higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 10) than a SnPb process, thus
reducing the process window
• Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process
window for a mix of large and small components on one board
• Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is
heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak
temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste
characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the
packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package
depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with
Table 11 and 12
Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow
soldering, see Figure 10.
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peak
temperature
time
001aac844
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[1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design.
[2] The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”.
[3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status
information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com.
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper)
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in
consequences of use of such information. the Recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the
Characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. Constant or
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
the quality and reliability of the device.
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such Terms and conditions of commercial sale — NXP Semiconductors
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial
contract or any other legal theory. sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, unless otherwise
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason agreed in a valid written individual agreement. In case an individual
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance agreement shall apply. NXP Semiconductors hereby expressly objects to
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors. applying the customer’s general terms and conditions with regard to the
purchase of NXP Semiconductors products by customer.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant,
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or
to the publication hereof. other industrial or intellectual property rights.
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or authorization from national authorities.
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Bare die — All die are tested on compliance with their related technical All die sales are conditioned upon and subject to the customer entering into a
specifications as stated in this data sheet up to the point of wafer sawing and written die sale agreement with NXP Semiconductors through its legal
are handled in accordance with the NXP Semiconductors storage and department.
transportation conditions. If there are data sheet limits not guaranteed, these
Quick reference data — The Quick reference data is an extract of the
will be separately indicated in the data sheet. There are no post-packing tests
product data given in the Limiting values and Characteristics sections of this
performed on individual die or wafers.
document, and as such is not complete, exhaustive or legally binding.
NXP Semiconductors has no control of third party procedures in the sawing,
handling, packing or assembly of the die. Accordingly, NXP Semiconductors
assumes no liability for device functionality or performance of the die or 17.4 Trademarks
systems after third party sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. It
is the responsibility of the customer to test and qualify their application in Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
which the die is used. are the property of their respective owners.
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19. Contents
1 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Features and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.1 Optimized for in-car low-speed
communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.2 Bus failure management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.3 Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.4 Support for low power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Quick reference data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.1 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6.2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7.1 Failure detector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7.2 Low power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3 Power-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.4 Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9 Thermal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10 Static characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11 Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12 Test information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12.1 Quality information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
13 Bare die information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
14 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
15 Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
15.1 Introduction to soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
15.2 Wave and reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
15.3 Wave soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
15.4 Reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
16 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
17 Legal information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
17.1 Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
17.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
17.3 Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
17.4 Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
18 Contact information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
19 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.