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    Classification of Steels

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    Weber Hahn
    This document classifies steels based on their microstructural cleanliness and composition. It divides steels into two main categories: non-alloy steels and alloy steels. Non-alloy steels are further broken down into base steels, quality steels, and special steels based on their mechanical properties and impurity levels. Alloy steels are classified as quality steels or special steels based on their carbon levels and alloying elemental composition. The document also discusses elements that may be present in steels, including alloying elements, by-elements, and impurity elements.

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    Classification of Steels

    Uploaded by

    Weber Hahn
    2K views13 pages
    This document classifies steels based on their microstructural cleanliness and composition. It divides steels into two main categories: non-alloy steels and alloy steels. Non-alloy steels are further broken down into base steels, quality steels, and special steels based on their mechanical properties and impurity levels. Alloy steels are classified as quality steels or special steels based on their carbon levels and alloying elemental composition. The document also discusses elements that may be present in steels, including alloying elements, by-elements, and impurity elements.

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    This document classifies steels based on their microstructural cleanliness and composition. It divides steels into two main categories: non-alloy steels and alloy steels. Non-alloy steels are further broken down into base steels, quality steels, and special steels based on their mechanical properties and impurity levels. Alloy steels are classified as quality steels or special steels based on their carbon levels and alloying elemental composition. The document also discusses elements that may be present in steels, including alloying elements, by-elements, and impurity elements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2K views13 pages

    Classification of Steels

    Uploaded by

    Weber Hahn
    This document classifies steels based on their microstructural cleanliness and composition. It divides steels into two main categories: non-alloy steels and alloy steels. Non-alloy steels are further broken down into base steels, quality steels, and special steels based on their mechanical properties and impurity levels. Alloy steels are classified as quality steels or special steels based on their carbon levels and alloying elemental composition. The document also discusses elements that may be present in steels, including alloying elements, by-elements, and impurity elements.

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    Classification of Steels

    according to EN 10020, this classification is based on microstructural cleanless

    Steels

    Non Alloy Steels Alloy Steels

    Base Steels Quality Steels Special Steels Quality Steels Special Steels

    Definition is based on: Definition is based on:


    Mechanical Properties: Chemical Compositon:
    • Tensile Strength (old standard) • Carbon Level
    • Yield Strength (new standard) • Alloying Elements
    • Elongation
    • Impact Energy (new standard)
    Base Steels
    • no special expectation
    • No any request of heat treatment
    • Limits:
    – Rm<670 N/mm2
    – Re <360 N/mm2
    – C > 0.1%
    Elements in an Alloy I
    1.Alloying elements: Elements which are
    deliberately added to
    alloy.(carbon is an essential element for
    steel, therefore carbon is not considered as
    alloying element in steel)

    The Minimum Limits of Alloying Element in Steel. (Lower values can be


    ignored «see By element»)
    Al 0,10 Ta 0,05 Pb 0,40
    Cu 0,40 Mn 1,60 Ti 0,05
    Bi 0,10 Mo 0,08 Ni 0,30
    B 0,0008 Nb 0,05 W 0,10
    Co 0,10 Ce 0,10 Zr 0,05
    Cr 0,30 Si 0,50 V 0,10
    others (C, P, S, O, N) Te 0,10
    Elements in an Alloy II
    2.By Elements: Elements which are left
    in the alloy or come
    from liquid processing.
    They don’t have
    negative effect on
    properties.
    The most important represantatives of this group are Si and Mn in plain
    carbon steels (non alloyed steel). Si and Mn are added to a plain carbon steel
    not for alloying but for liquid processing purposes during steel making, as
    deoxidant.
    Elements in an Alloy III
    3.Impurity elements: Elements which are
    not desired in the
    alloy.
    They are left in an alloy
    because of
    technological and/or
    economical reasons.
    Impurities can be found in the microstructure in
    two forms. 1- As Dissolved in solid solution or
    2- As Inclussion (the worst form!!!)
    Elements in an Alloy III
    Depending on Impurity levels:
    Steels can be divided in to 3 sub groups
    1. Base Steels (P, S>0,045%)
    2. Quality Steels (0,035%<P, S <0,045%)
    3. Special Steels (P, S<0,035%)

    • Alloyed steels are always Quality or Special Steel


    • Steels to be quenched (heat treatment) should
    be Quality or preferentially Special steel!..
    Standards about Inclusions

    • EN 10247
    • ASTM E45
    • ISO 4967

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