Blakeborough

Desuperheaters
Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

Weir Control & Choke Valves provide critical

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Contents
SARASIN-RSBD™
Pressure Safety Devices General description 3
SEBIM™ BV985 Variable spray unit 4
Nuclear Valves
TRICENTRIC®
BV986, BV987 & BV988 Desuperheater 5
Triple Offset Butterfly Valves Desuperheater sizing 6
Portfolio of engineered
Member of Design & installation 7
service solutions and
aftermarket support

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Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

Water Injection Options

BV984 Spring Loaded Nozzle BV988 Fixed Area Spray Nozzle
The BV984 nozzle gives high capacity water injection The BV988 unit offers good spraywater atomisation but with
while offering protection of the water system in case separate spray water control. The valve is similar to the BV985
of loss of water supply. The superior pressure of the unit but with all spraywater control removed from the unit.
water system lifts the spring loaded nozzle away A flanged or butt weld connection is used to connect the
from its seat which results in a cone shape jet of water spraywater which in turn is controlled via a separate control
being injected into the steam. The system requires valve. This allows for high technology control valve trims to be
a separate spray water control valve to control the used to eliminate the detrimental effects of erosion sometimes
amount of water injection. This system ensures a high created by high pressure drops. The unit is also used in situations
rangeability while ensuring the water droplet size where space around the desuperheating system is limited.
is kept to a minimum. On loss of water pressure the „„ Multi nozzle for optimum dispersion in steam flow
water system is protected against high temperatures
due to spring loading of the nozzle.

BV985 Variable Area Nozzle

The BV985 spray nozzle is used on applications where
high rangeability is required with direct control
across the spray nozzle. The BV985 is designed so BV985 Variable Area Nozzle
that steam is injected into the centre of the pipe
resulting in minimum droplet contact against the
pipe walls. Water is injected across a series of 12
variable area nozzles which atomises the water into
micro fine droplets resulting in faster absorption rates
and shorter outlet steam pipe lengths. The amount
of water injected into the pipe is directly controlled
by the valve plug which is in turn controlled by the
actuator. Where the pressure differential between the
cooling medium and the vapour exceeds 60 bar, a
two stage nozzle is available that extends the available
pressure drop range to 100 bar. The two stage nozzle
ensures erosion across the valve plug is maximised.
The BV985 unit is fitted into steam pipes greater than
150mm (6”).
„„ Large range of design Cv options
„„ High rangeability
„„ Swirl chambers and conical nozzles for
optimum atomisation
„„ Pipe sizes 150mm (6”) and above
„„ Interchangeable nozzles
BV986 Mini Desuperheater
The BV986 unit is a simplified spray nozzle where the
spray water is circulated around an internal gallery
and then injected into the steam through a series of
radial holes. The BV986 unit fits between conventional
flanges and is therefore easy to remove for service
and maintenance purposes. The unit is connected
to a stand alone spraywater valve which controls the
amount of water being injected into the vapour. The
BV986 can also be directly mounted onto the outlet of
a pressure control valve so that water is injected into
the turbulent vapor flow at the outlet of the valve.
The BV986 is used on pipe sizes from 25mm (1”) and
above.
„„ Pipe sizes 25mm (1”) and above
„„ CV designed for each application
„„ Simple and inexpensive system BV984 Nozzle

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Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

BV985 - Variable spray unit Standard Design Options

General • Water inlet connection size 25mm, 40mm and
50mm
The BV985 multi nozzle desuperheater is a
(1”, 11⁄2” and 2”)
proven design used in thousands of installations
throughout the world. The latest version offers • Connection - flanged, socket weld
increased CV ratings and improved rangeability
• Ratings - ANSI 150 to ANSI 2500
with the option of modified characteristics.
• Nozzle sizes (see table 1)
Design Details
• Superior Pressure 1 bar to 50 bar (15psi to 740psi)
• The standard model incorporates 12 carefully
spaced spray nozzles for optimum dispersion in • Nozzle Rangeability - up to 40:1
the steam flow, and to minimise coalescence of
the droplets.
• Nozzles arranged so that at low steam flows TABLE 1 – Nozzle design CV
water is injected into high turbulence zone of the
vortices shed from the desuperheater probe.
MN1 MN2 MN3 MN4 MN5 MN6
• Nozzle design incorporates swirl chambers and 0.5 0.9 1.5 2.7 4.7 8.0
conical nozzle for optimum atomisation even at
low superior pressures.
TABLE 2 – Branch height & actuator mount
• Nozzle assemblies can be characterised to suit dimensions
process requirements and nozzle selection can be
changed after installation.
BV987 Branch Height Act. Mount
Pipe Size mm L K

Refer to Actuator catalogues 150 177 382

Optional for dimensions. 200 200 405
Handwheel Standard Travel 57mm(2 1⁄4”)
Yoke Mtg 89.5mm (3 9⁄16”) 250 226 431
300 251 456
Diaphragm 350 277 482
actuator 400 302 507
450 327 532
Air 500 350 555
supply
Positioner
600 372 577
Filter
regulator 650 416 621
700 454 659
Water inlet flange 750 480 685
800 501 706
M Desuperheater Pipe 850 517 722
K (optional extra)
900 547 752
N
L

Rating M N

≤ 600lb 135 133

Steam 900lb & 1500lb 184 167
flow Pipe to fall towards drain port. 2500lb 210 200
Inclination approx 20 mm per m
under working conditions.
1 metre Water Flange Orientation
The pipework inlet flange can be arranged to
suit customer’s pipework configurations.

Typical arrangment B
using BV985 Mark II Filter
Shown with manually regulator
operated isolating From temperature loop
valve C A
Filter Positioner
regulator Water supply SPRAY
Positioner UNIT
BV985 Mark II Variable orifice multi-nozzle
Reduced/Desuperheated
Main steam
steam
supply From pressure loop Steam
BV500 flow D
Hopkinsons BV987
control valve
parallel slide Desuperheater pipe
pressure
valve reducing

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Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

BV986 - Fixed area spray ring

BV986 Mini Desuperheater
General
This unit offers a relatively simple and inexpensive
solution for applications which have low rangeability
and stable steam demand. The system consists
of a spray ring together with a separate spray
water control valve. The spray water control valve
regulates the flow into an annular feed within the
spray ring body. This annular feed passes water
into a number of holes to produce a series of radial
jets into the steam flow, which assist in the mixing
process.
Standard Design Options
FACE TO FACE DIMENSIONS
• Body size - 25mm to 200mm (1” to 8”)
• Ratings - ANSI 150 to ANSI 2500 Bore (mm) 25 40 50 80 100 150 200

• Nozzle size designed for specific application Length (mm) 80 80 80 150 150 150 150

• Superior Pressure 1 bar to 50 bar (15psi to 740psi)

• Rangeability - up to 8:1 on steam flow
DESIGN CV
BV987 - Pipeline desuperheater pipe
MD1 MD2 MD3 MD4 MD5 MD6 MD7 MD8 MD9 MD10
The BV987 desuperheater pipe offers a convenient
0.03 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.14 0.2 0.4 0.63 1.0 1.4
method to install either the BV985 or the BV988.
It is available in sizes from 150mm to 900mm (6”
to 36”).
TABLE 3 – Pipeline desuperheater standard materials
An 80mm (3”) branch flange is provided for
mounting the desuperheater. The desuperheater
Component BV985/BV988 BV986
pipe can be supplied in carbon steel or chrome Body <=427 ˚C Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
moly. Desuperheater pipes can be supplied with
Body >427 ˚C Chrome Moly Chrome Moly
protective liners when the service conditions
indicate the possibility of thermal shock or to Spray unit head 316 L st.st.
increase the steam velocity. Seat 316 L st.st.

BV988 - Fixed area probe Plug/Stem 316 L st.st. + stellite face

Nozzles 316 L st.st.
General
Swirl Inserts 316 L st.st.
This multi-nozzle desuperheater can be fitted into
line sizes >= 6”. The nozzle head is the same as
used in the BV985 incorporating up to 12 nozzles.
The spray water is regulated by a separate spray
water control valve. BV988 Fixed Area Sparay Nozzle

Standard Design Options

• Refer to BV985 section
• Rangeability - up to 8:1 on steam flow

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Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

Initial sizing of desuperheaters Final required degrees of superheat, degrees C.

kJ/kg 110 90 70 50 30 10

Information required at enquiry stage

100 80 60 40 20
550

500

450

P1 Inlet Pressure Bara (Psia) 400

Minimum distance 7.5m

350
T1 Inlet temperature °C (°F) 300
Enthalpy
P2 Required outlet pressure Bara (Psia) Change
250 5

200
Graphs
T2 Required outlet temperature °C (°F) 150

PW Available spraywater pressure Bara (Psia) 100

50

TW Spraywater temperature °C (°F)

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

WS Maximum inlet steam flow kg/hr (lb/hr) metres

Final required degrees of superheat, degrees F.

Controlled temp. should be higher than 5 ˚C (9 ˚F) above saturation point. Btu/lb 200 160 120 80 40
180 140 100 60 20
250

Initial calculations 225

Minimum distance 25 feet

200
Calculate the required flow of water W , kg/hr (lb/hr), W 175

needed to control the steam temperature at the outlet, 150

125 10

by the heat balance method. 100

WW = W (h - h )
75

S 1 2 50

(h - h ) 2 F
25

where h = enthalpy of superheated steam at inlet

1
20 25 30 35 40
feet
45 50 55 60 65

where h = enthalpy of steam mixture at outlet

2 Graphs based upon 300mm pipe size. For other sizes
where h = enthalpy of spraywater at inlet
F
multiply distance by
d
(d = pipe dia. mm)
values in kJ/kg (Btu/lb) 300
Total outlet steam flowrate W = W + 2 kg/hr (lb/hr)M S W

Sizing of low pressure pipeline Should the recommended location for the temperature
This is the recommended pipe size for BV985, BV986 and sensing point coincide with a pipe bend, then the sensing
BV988 pipeline types, or the outlet size for the BV995 point should be moved a further two metres downstream.
design for efficient desuperheating. Examples on use of the above graphs
The pipe is sized so that the steam velocity does not exceed Steam pressure 10 bara. Saturation temperature 180°C.
90m/s (300ft/s) or, for BV985, BV986, BV988 types, fall below Required outlet temperature 200°C
4.5m/s (14ft/s). The preferred velocity is 75m/s (250ft/s). Steam Inlet enthalpy 3253kJ/kg
Steam Outlet enthalpy 2829kJ/kg
Enthalpy change
424 kJ/kg
}
The minimum pipe diameter is calculated using the
Final required degrees of superheat = 200-180 = 20°C
following formulae.
Draw line from enthalpy change to intercept degrees of
W xV W xV superheat line, read off minimum distance = 15.2 metres.
D = 18.8 mm or D = 0.225 in.
M S M S

Velocity Velocity Spraywater Temperature

Effective desuperheater operation depends upon the correct
where W = outlet steam flowrate kg/hr
M (lb/hr)
amount of spraywater introduced into the steam flow.
where V = outlet specific volume m /kg 3
(ft /lb)
3
S
If the steam or water temperature conditions dictate a
Velocity m/sec (ft/sec) water addition of greater than 20% of the steam mass
flow under normal conditions then a two stage nozzle
• For BV985, BV986 and BV988 desuperheaters there is a
selection of standard trim sizes available system may be necessary. To limit the amount of water
entering the steam to an acceptable level a maximum
• BV995 units are often associated with outlet silencer water temperature can be calculated using the following
sections depending upon the ratio of inlet and outlet
formulae.
pressures and the maximum permissible sound
Tmax = (P + 0.5DS - 1.427∆h + 630) °C Metric
pressure. For these reasons each unit receives individual
considerations based upon customer requirements. Tmax = (0.125P + 0.5DS - 6.1∆h + 1190) °F Imperial
Distance to temperature sensing point where P = absolute steam pressure bara (psia)
Depending upon the amount of superheat required D
S = final required degree of superheat °C (°F)
in the steam after desuperheating, the minimum ∆h = enthalpy change from inlet to outlet kJ/kg (Btu/lb)
recommended distance to the temperature sensing point Ideally the water temperature should be within the
can be determined from the graphs shown. To ensure following range for satisfactory operation:-
complete mixing and absorption of the injected water the (T - 100) °C < T < (T - 5)
SAT °C Metric
WATER SAT

recommended distance increases as the steam saturation (T - 210) °F < T < (T - 10)
SAT WATER °F Imperial SAT

temperature is approached. also applying the maximum water temperature limitations

when applicable (T is the stream saturation temperature). SAT

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Blakeborough Pipe Desuperheaters

Design & installation of pipeline

desuperheater systems
Location in pipework
The desuperheater should be installed so that the for design purposes in sizing the injection nozzle.
spray nozzle is located at the steam inlet of the tube The pipes connecting the water supply to the
(if supplied). A filter should be fitted in the spray injection nozzle should be no less in diameter
water inlet line to prevent ingress of dirt. than the water isolating valve flange connections
indicate.
Pipe Joints
Condensate supply should be free from debris and
Owing to the severe expansion strains which
effectively filtered to less than 0.25mm.
may be imposed on the joints when starting
up it is essential that all flange joint bolts are Lagging of pipes
manufactured from high tensile alloy steel
The fact that a desuperheater is a device for
irrespective of the steam pressure. These remarks
reducing the steam temperature sometimes leads
also apply to the water joint flanges which are also
to the mistaken impression that the lagging of
subject to sudden temperature changes.
steam and water pipes is not important. Unlike
Drainage and drainage systems the absorption of heat by the spray water, any loss
of heat should be avoided. Unless the pipework
Efficient drainage of the pipework following
can be maintained at the proper temperature
the desuperheater is essential. To ensure that
successful desuperheating may not be possible
water cannot accumulate at any point the pipe
and a preliminary trial of a plant before it has been
should be arranged to fall in the direction of flow
lagged may prove disappointing.
approximately 20mm per metre (1⁄4” per foot)
under actual working conditions and be provided
with an efficient large capacity trap (10% of
maximum flow to facilitate start-up and shut down
of plant) at the lowest point. To prevent the trap
becoming airbound the drain pipe should have
ample capacity to deal with the drainage and be
fixed as near to vertical as possible. There must be
sufficient space in the drain pipe for water to flow
down and air to pass up the pipe.
When starting up the plant it is advisable to open
the trap by-pass valve to deal with any excess
water. If a by-pass valve is not fitted the trap
should be inspected to ensure that it is passing
water and has not become airbound. When
the pipework has warmed through to working
temperature and a reasonable amount of steam is
flowing the drainage of water should practically
cease and the trap by-pass valve can then be
closed.
Successful operation of a desuperheater depends
to a large extent on the injection of water being
hot, preferably near to the saturation temperature
of the steam to be cooled so that it is mainly the
latent heat which is extracted from the steam to
evaporate the injected water. This minimises the
time of the suspension of the water particles in
the steam so that all the water is evaporated and
none falls to the inside walls of the pipework. As
mentioned below the pipes connecting the water
supply to the injection nozzle should be efficiently
lagged to minimise the loss of heat.
The water pressure and temperature should be
no less than the values originally specified at the
enquiry/order stage since these figures are used

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 Flow Control

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