JOHN DEERE DES MOINES

STANDARD
JDN 179
CIMSIFICATION OF CHARMXERISTICS

1.0 Scope

This standard provides specific information for the application of Classification of

Cha.racteristies in accordance with Section 1500 of the .JDDMW Product Engineering
Procedures. Classifieahon of Characteristics is a system of classi@ing product quality
characteristics to establish priorities for optimum utilization of design, manufacturing and
quality resources. Dimensions in this standard are mm (inch).

2.0 General

This standard provides general background, definition and criteria to classify drawings
and specifications for product and process. The Ckissifieation of Characteristics Program,
through the establishment of Product and Process Criticality, will improve
communication and result in better product-process relationship. The Program involves
Product Engineering, Production Engineering, Operations Quality Engineering and
Purchasing in a manner which:

1. Classifies drawing and specification characteristics for the purpose of communicating

the criticality of design characteristics to those responsible for manufacturing,
purchasing and quality aswarm of our product.

2. Classifies manufacturing process capabilities to assure the correct assignment of all

neeesxuy equipment, inspection resources and Statistical Process Control (SPC)
requirements for manufactured parts.

3. Identifies critical characteristics for the vendor and provides early appraisal of
vendor capability to produce them within the speeifled tolerances at an established
quality level.

3.0 Definitions

Product: Any part, group of parts or complete assembly released for production.

Proecss: The method(s) employed to produce and measure any characteristic of a part
or assembly.

Characteristics: Any dimensional, visual, mechanical, electrical, chemi~ physkxd, or

material feature or prope~, and any proms control element which describes and
establishes the design, fabrication, packaging, and operating requirements of a
component, group of components or system.

DedaioII Dedaion Dedabn Design Ctl JDN 179

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Venion Date Date Data Data CA Code
No. N1O 4*97 93 ~ Pagalofll
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STANDARD
JDN 179
CIMSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

Intermediate Characteristic: A characteristic created by the manufacturing process as a

step between raw material and the finished characteristic (“green” size).

Product Criticality: The classification of characteristics as they affect the product in terms
of safety, operating failure, performance, sexvice or manufacturing (function and
durability). Not intended to be applied to Design For Assembly (DFA).

Process Criticality The classification of the process and the relative ability of that
process to produce a characteristic to a specification (usually expressed as a percent
defective; see Table 2).

4.0 Statement of Work Responsibility, Action

4.1 Manager, Product Engineering Services

Administers this standard to assure all affected departments conform to its

requirements.

4.2 Departmental Managers

Provide necessa~ training to assure their departments are fulfilling responsibilities

defined in this standard.

4.3 Product Engineer

4.3.1 Classifies the characteristics of ail drawings and specifications at the time
they are fist prepared using criteria shown in Table 1 and considering the
following supporting information:

1. lleoreti~ study of the part and its application (see Section 7).

2. Field, stress or test reports on this or similar designs.

3. Reliability design analysis.

4. Warranty data.

5. Past experience.

4.3.2 Uses the most severe condition to classifi parts with multiple uses.

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QaHuN iDIEIE!RE
STANDARD
JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACI’ERISTICS

Classification of parts with multiple applications must be coordinated by

appropriate Product Engineer.

4.3.3 Considers one characteristic at a time, assuming other part and interacting
part characteristics are within tolerance. Refers to Table 1 for definition and
symbols of Critical, Major, Minor and Incidental criticality.

4.3.4 Classifies both vendor-supplied and Des Moines Works drafted drawings for
purchased parts and components. Parts purchased in assembly from vendor-
supplied drawings (i.e., components of a hydrostatic transmission) shall have
ail features classified as incidental unless Des Moines Works’ experience has
shown the need for a higher classification.

4.3.5 Denotes completion of drawing Classification by signature in a C7C box on

the drawing.

C/C Approval 3 Apr 77

I

4.3.6 Revises the classification of any characteristic on any drawing or

specification as a detail change using an approved change document.

4.3.7 Coordinates with Materials and Manufacturing Engineering to resolve

problems when Process and Product Criticality ccmilict (see Table 3).

4.4 Production Engineer

4.4.1 Classifies process criticality for characteristics using guidelines in Table 2.

4.4.2 Requests specification changes required to reduce process criticality and/or

manufacturing cost (see Table 3).

4.4.3 Reviews completed work with Production Division Engineer when the
product and process classification produces a matrix criticality number of 1,
2 or 3 (see Table 3). After coordination with Product Engineer, the
Production Division Engineer may approve proposed proce~ revise proce~
or determine if a Process Capability Study is required for criticality of 2, 3
or 4 (Criticality of 1 is not acceptable).

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~N 179
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CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

4.4.4 Specifies SPC requirements when applicable and also specifies gaging
frequency if it is to be other than the Industrial Engineering standard.

4.5 Materials Engineer

Provides information to the Processor for operations which Materials Engineering

is responsible (i.e., heat treatment).

4.6 Buyer

Informs suppliers of the Classification of Characteristics Program during preliminary

discussions. Obtains Quali~ Engineering or Product Engineering support in
explanation of the program at the appropriate time.
I

4.7 Quality Engineering

I
I

4.7.1 Uses Classification of Characteristics to communicate the need for SPC

and/or for processes and operations on manufactured parts, assemblies and
finished goods.

4.7.2 Develops supplier SPC requirements and/or inspection requirements based

on Classification of Characteristics.

4.7.3 Provides neeesstq Quali~ Engineering support to Purchasing as requested.

4.8 SPC Coordinator

Establishes the specific SPC requirementddetails per request.

5.0 Special Circumstance

Parts adopted prior to installation of the Classification of Characteristics Program may

be classified to help resolve manufacturing or reliability problems. These prints will be
classiGed at request of Quality Assurance, Quality Engineering, Purchasin& Production I

Engineering or direction of Product Engineering. I

I

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/—- STANDARD
JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

Table 1
Definition Product Criticality

m.
Dimving Spei. Safety OperathI&“Failtmw ““Per
fotiance ~: ..” Seriice ‘“:M&
facti&
Risk of Certain failure. Criticafcl=ifieation of performance,servieeor
Cri[id
dismemberment or Probablefailurenot manufacturingwerenot definedbeeausethe
c loss of life rcadify corrected at cl=ificatim becomes operating failure or a major
●
point of use. oerformamx. semice, or manufacn.ui

Risk of personal Probable failure cause of Frequency of WIII probably

injwy rcquinng Whichean readifybe substrutdard repair, cost of cause disruption
Major
hospitalization. correctedat pointof performance repair, time to of production.
use. ditllcult to repair will be
M
Possiblefailurenot kxate and to exrxsaive,
o
readilymrrected at correet at point requiring
point of use. of use. dealer shop
Setice.

Risk of personaf Possibly cause causeof Frequency of Possibly cause

injury requiring failures. substandard repair, cost of disruption of
Minor outpatient performance repair, time to production.
N treatment. easily located repair minimal
() andior corrected and readily
at point of use. corrected at
ooint of use.

Incidental None None None None None

(no
symbol)

6.0 DRAFTING PRACTICE FOR SYMBOL PLACEMENT

Use 6mm diameter symbols to identify characteristic criticality on all drawings. Place symbols
immediately before or after the characteristic. When high and low limits criticality differ, a
horizontal line immediately above or below tie symbol is used to show which Ii.m.itthe criticality
applies. A line above the symbol denotes LOWER limit criticality. A line below the symbol denotes
UPPER limit criticality.

I 1 1 I

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1 JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARAmERISTICS

rumple:

Symbol applies o Symbol applies Symbol applies ~ Applies to high

to both high to high limit; to low limit; limit.
o lower limit is upper limit is Applies to low
and low limit
incidental. o incidental. 0 limit.
/here symbols cannot be used, typed or computer-printed, place criticality in parenthesis immediately following
laracteristic.

Example: Torque clamp bolt to 55 z 10 ft-lb (M) and stake retaining nut.

Note: For Manufacturing, assume normal distribution with the statistical probabilities of interference. For all
ther criteri% use “worst case” (ref. JDS D46).

7.0 Evaluation Criteria

Evaluate the effect of variation from specifications by using the criteria listed below

My characteristic which does not carry a specified tolerance must be reviewed, using JDS-G25
Design Manual 25, Deviations to D. M. 25, or existing corporate or Factory specifications to arrive
at a tolerance to which the evaluation criteria will be applied.

7.1 LINEAR & ANGULAR DIMENSIONS:

2 x Tolerance [L E. * .025 (.001) becomes Y .05 (.002)].

7,2 SURFACE FINISH -

SINGLE VALUE: Use 2 x Value [I.E. Spec = ,4pm (16~ in) becomes .@m (34 in)]
RANGE GIVEN: Convert to * Tolerance and use 2 x Tolerance [I.E., Spec is .4-.8-)
(16-32#Ain) is .60 & .Um (24 * 8P in) and becomes .60* .40~m (24
a 16K in)]”

7.3 FORM & POSITION: 1.5 X Tolerance

7.4 WELD SIZE: Fillet welds (leg lengths): +6.4 (.25) -1.6 (.06)

Groove Welds (face widths): + 7.6 (.30) -1 (.04)

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JOHN
DEERE
J STANDARD
JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACIXRISTICS

7.5 CASE DEPTH

Minimum: Judged at 80% of minimum
Range: Judged at 2 x the & toleranee exeept where min. case disappears, use 80% of min :
specified case.

7.6 HARDNESS - SURFACE

.Minimum: Reduee value 2 pt. on RC Scale, 1 pt. on RA & R15N Scale, and 2S pts. on !
Bnnell Scale.

Range: Use * 3 pts. from range values on RC Sede and Equivalents on RA & R15N ‘
Scales. Use * 25 pts. from Range Values on Brinell Scale.

7.7 HARDNESS - SUB-SURFACE

2 pts. under the specified minimum at the speeified depth.

I

7.8 CLEANLINESS

Applicable only where .lDS-G169 Cleanliness Standards Exist. Increase cleanliness Class .4 and i
increase maximum particle size .Khnm.

7.9 GEAR & SPLINE DATA

Certain elements of gear and spl.irte data will carry a Standard Classification which will be a part
of the Standard Form on all gear drawings. An exeeption of this Standard may be the low side
dimension of center distance with master on gears with torque reversals where low side
classification should have major criticality.

7.10 NUMERICALLY QUANTIFIED SPECIFICATIONS 1

(Torque, force flow rate, etc.): Use 2 times the tolerance.

7.11 MAXLMUMM41NIMUM DIMENSIONS

!
Use implied tolerance for operation, subtracting for maximum and adding for minimum to establish I
a mean. Apply double toleranee for evaluation to that mean. Example: Linear maximum converts ~
to a mean .020 less than specified. Maximum evaluation range is then * .040 around that mean. 1
.020 maximum corner break converts to .O1O*.O1Ocomer break evaluation from O to .030.
1
i

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STANDARD
JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

8.0 Process Criticality

8.1 Manufacturing Engineering: !

1. Notes part print tolerance and if Classification of Characteristics is used. I

2. Determines or predicts expected CPK and CR for given process.
3. Uses Table 2 to determine process criticality. 1
4. Uses Process-Product criticality matrix (Table 3) to determine overall criticdi~ number and I
SPC requirements.

Table 2
Process Cn”ticality Chssijication

Product Criticality
To] on P/P CPK CR Process Critiadity
I
Variables Data CPK <1.33 CR > 75% c Critical I

(numeric-al tolerance) CPK c 1.33 50% < CR < 75% M Major !

I
CPK = 1.33 Min CR c 50% N Minor
1
CPK = 1.33 Min CR < 50% I Incidental
Attributes Data Defect Rate: > 10% c Critical
I
(pass/fail) > 2% to s 10% M Major
>1% to s 2’% N Minor
~ lyo I Incidental
1

*Definitions found in Sec. 8.3 and 8.4 !

KYrEs
process in state of control I
I
normal distribution !
based on the principle that closer tolerances may require more contiol, to reduee variability, not\
neeasarily additional manufacturing processes I

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,JOHNBEERE JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARAC’I’ERISTICS

Table 3
Process-Product Criticality Matrix

Process Criticality

c M N I

c 1 2 3 4

M 2 2 3 4
PRODU~
N 3 3 4 5
I 4 4 5 5

Interpretation of Matrix Criticality Numbers (Quality Priority Rating)

1. Not acceptable for production. Reduction of either Product or Process Criticality is

mandatory. Divisional Operations Managers have the final responsibility for resolving this
situation.

2. Production Engineering should review with Product Engineering to reduee eritieal.ity, and
if resolution to a lower criticality is not possible, SPC is required.

3. Reduee criticality with improved process and/or tolerance revision, if possible. If resolution
to a lower critieali~ is not possible, SPC is required.

4. Speci.@ normal operator gaging frequeney and SPC is recommended.

5. Specify normal operator gaging frequen~, use of SPC is optional.

8.2 SPC Sampling and Gaging Frequency

1. SPC and the associated sampling frequency is process related.

2. Gaging frequency is generally tool wear related.

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STANDARD
a JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

8.3 Capability Ratio I

8.3.1 Definition and Calculation

The Capability Ratio in the normal analysis mode is defined as:

CR = 6 (S) /(USL - LSL) ●1OO

Where I
1

s= the estimate of the population standard deviation !I

USL and LSL are the upper and lower specification limits

8.3.2 Evaluation

Capability Ratio (CR) Evaluation

Below 50% Exedlent

5090 to 75% Good
7570 to 100% Fair
Above 100% Poor

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STANDARD
JDN 179
CLASSIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

8.4 Capability Index (CPK) - Normal Analysis

8.4.1 Definition and Calculation

CPK considers both the magnitude of process variation and how the center of the
proms deviates form the nominal process target. If CPK is greater than or equal tc
1, virtually no product is being made beyond the specifications. If CPK is less than 1
defective ‘product is being made.

CPK = minimum (CP~ CPU)

where:

CPU = USL - X
3s

CPL=X-LSL

3s

s = estimate of the population standard deviation

X = sample average

USL and LSL are the upper and lower specification limits

8.4.2 Evaluation

Capability Index CPK) Evaluation

Above 1.33 Excellent

1 to 1.33 Good
Below 1

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