ANALYSIS OF TG FOUNDATION

1 1 1
1.1
A 1 C 1 1.1 E

2.3
0.5 3 4 2.9
4.8 3 1.2
2
1 1.5 1.5
1 1.2
0.5 3 4 2.9

B 1 D 1 1.1 F
1.1
X
1 4.3 3.5 3.5 1.5
Z

1.8

8.8

2
Y

Z 8.8 4.5

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 114

 Figure C - 1: Plan and Elevation of TG Foundation
( Note:- All the dimensions are in meters)
Table C - 1: Foundation Data (Foundation Material Properties)
Concrete Grade (Fck) = 25 N/mm2
Mass Density of Concrete (ρ) = 24.53 kN/m3
Modulus of Elasticity (E ) = 3.00E+07 kN/m2
Poisson's Ratio (ϑ) = 0.15
Shear Modulus (G) = 1.30E+07 kN/m2
Table C - 2: Soil Properties
Coefficient of uniform compression (Cu) = 40000 kN/m3
Coefficient of non-uniform compression (CØ) = 80000 kN/m3
Coefficient of uniform shear (Cζ) = 20000 kN/m3
Coefficient non-uniform shear (CΨ) = 60000 kN/m3
Table C - 3: Machine Loads at Bearing Locations
Bearing Points 1 2 3 4 Total (kN)
Total machine weight 400 360 200 200 1160
Rotor weight 25 35 70 70 200
Unbalance Force
Lateral/Vertical 5 7 15 15 42
Longitudinal 2 3 6 6 17
Blade Loss force 3 11 - - 14
Short Circuit Torque 2160 kN-m
Table C - 4: Column Sizes
A (m x m) 0.9 x 0.9 D (m x m) 0.9 x 0.9
B (m x m) 0.9 x 0.9 E (m x m) 1 x 1
C (m x m) 1 x 1 F (m x m) 0.9 x 0.9
For the analysis, the foundation have to split in to 3 number of equivalent frames.
4.3 1.5 4 1.5

A C W3 S2 W4 1.7
5.8 W1 W2 S1 S1

B D W3 S2 W4 1.7
4.3 2.4 2.2 2.4
Top Deck
0.9 B D F

Frame - I Frame - II
9.7 Frame - III
8.8
H J L

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 115

 2 Base Raft

4.3 7
Figure C - 2: Centre line Plan and Elevation of TG Foundation
4.3 7
mx1 mx2 kx mx mx3

Źk
Źm
Figure C - 3: Cemter of mass and Center of Stiffness
W1 W3 W3 W4 W4
A B C D E F
W2

9.7 9.7 9.7

G 5.8 H I 5.8 J K 5.8 L

Frame I Frame II Frame III
Figure C - 4: machine Loads on Frames

Frame sizes : Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

Frame beam width (m) 1 1 1
Frame beam depth (m) 1.8 1.8 1.8
Frame span (m) 5.8 5.8 5.8
Frame height (m) 9.7 9.7 9.7
Beam Moment of inertia (m4) 0.49 0.49 0.49
Column Moment of inertia (m4) 0.05 0.08 0.08
Sizing of Foundation
Weight of Top Deck Slab (Without cut) = 4874.6016 kN
Weight of Opening @ Turbine side = 659.7 kN
Net Weight of Top Deck Slab (Deducting cutout) = 4214.9 kN

Weight ratio of top deck slab to machine = 4214.9 / 1160

= 3.63
Calculation of Eccentricity
Masses associated with each frame
For Frame I
i) Machine weight on Frame beam center (Wm=W1)= 400 kN
ii) Distributed load on Frame beam center (WD)
Self-weight of Frame beam AB = 256.1 kN
Weight of cantilever slab projection = 128.0 kN

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 116

 WD = 384.1 kN
iii) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top left (WLL)
half Self-weight of beam AC + Projection 151.9 kN
Portion slab at corner = 70.6 kN
WLL = 222.5 kN
iv) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top right (WLR)
half Self-weight of beam BD + Projection 151.9 kN
Portion slab at corner = 70.6 kN
WLR = 222.5 kN
iv) Self-weight of each column (WC) = 237.9 kN

Total Mass of Frame I = mx1 = (Wm + WD + WLL + WLR + 2*0.23*WC) =

= 1338.7 kN = 136.5 tonne
For Frame II
i) Machine weight on Frame beam center (Wm)
Mass @ Frame beam center = 360.0 kN
Mass W3 @ 1.7 m from left column = 100.0 kN
Mass W3 @ 1.7 m from right column = 100.0 kN
Wm = 560.0 kN
ii) Distributed load on Frame beam center (WD)
Self-weight of Frame beam CD = 256.1 kN
Weight of deck slab S1 = 254.3 kN
WD = 510.4 kN
iii) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top left (WLL)
Reaction from beam AC & CE + Projection = 399.2 kN
Half of deck slab S2 = 190.7 kN
WLL = 589.9 kN
iv) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top right (WLR)
Reaction from beam BD & DF + Projection = 399.2 kN
Half of deck slab S2 = 200.1 kN
WLR = 599.3 kN
iv) Self-weight of each column (WC) = 237.9 kN

Total Mass of Frame II = mx2 = (Wm + WD + WLL + WLR + 2*0.23*WC) =

= 2369.1 kN = 241.5 tonne
For Frame III
i) Machine weight on Frame beam center (Wm)
Mass W4 @ 1.7 m from left column = 100.0 kN
Mass W4 @ 1.7 m from right column = 100.0 kN

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 117

 Wm = 200.0 kN
ii) Distributed load on Frame beam center (WD)
Self-weight of Frame beam EF = 256.1 kN
Weight of cantilever projection of slab = 256.1
Weight of deck slab S1 = 254.3 kN
WD = 766.5 kN
iii) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top left (WLL)
Reaction from beam CE + Projection = 353.2 kN
Half of deck slab S2 = 190.7 kN
WLL = 544.0 kN
iv) Load transferred from longitudinal beam on column top right (WLR)
Reaction from beam DF + Projection = 353.2 kN
Half of deck slab S2 = 200.1 kN
WLR = 553.4 kN
iv) Self-weight of each column (WC) = 261.7 kN

Total Mass of Frame III = mx3 = (Wm + WD + WLL + WLR + 2*0.23*WC) =

= 2184.2 kN = 222.7 tonne

Center of Mass
�_𝑚=(𝑚_𝑥1×�_1 〖 +� 〗 _�2×�_2+�_�3×�_3)/
CG of mass from Frame (I�_�1 〖 +� 〗 _�2+�_�3 )

zm = 5.92 m
Frame lateral stiffness
Frame I Frame II Frame III
�=(𝐼_𝑏/𝐿)/
(�_�/𝐻) 14.87 9.75 9.75
�_𝑥=(12𝐸𝐼_�)/𝐻^3
×(1+6�)/(2+3�) (kN/m) 41744.19 62586.46 62586.46

Center of Stiffness
�_�=(�_𝑥1×�_1 〖 +� 〗 _𝑥2×�_2+�_𝑥3×�_3)/
With respect to Frame I (�_𝑥1 〖 +� 〗 _𝑥2+�_𝑥3 )

zk = 5.85 m

Top deck eccentricity e = zm + zk = 0.07 m

e= 0% Eccetricity is less than 3%. Hence OK

Dynamic Analysis �_𝑥=√((Σ�_𝑥

)/(Σ𝑚_𝑥 ))
Natural Frequency along lateral vibration (along X)

px = 16.67 rad/sec = 2.65 Hz

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 118

Vertical vibration (considering the system as 2DOF model)

Frame I Frame II Frame III

Total machine wt. on frame (Wm) = 400 560.0 200.0
Machine weight at frame beam center (Wm1) = 400 360.0 0
Machine weight at off center (from right end) Wm2 = 0 100.0 100.0
Machine weight at off center (from left end) Wm3= 0 100.0 100.0
Mass participation factor α={(3∗𝑎)/𝐿−4(𝑎/ 0 0.6 0.6
𝐿 )^3 }^2
M/c wt. @ beam center (Wmb=Wm1+(Wm2+Wm3)*α) = 400 481.2 121.2
Machine wt. @ column top (Wmc= Wm-Wmb) = 0 78.8 78.8
WD = 384.1 510.4 766.5
WLL = 222.5 589.9 544.0
WLR = 222.5 599.3 553.4
WC = 237.9 237.9 261.7
Frame I Frame II Frame III
m1 82.9 173.9 180.5

m2 58.4 72.5 47.5

k1 5.01E+06 6.19E+06 6.19E+06

y2 3.57E-07 3.36E-07 3.36E-07

k2 2.80E+06 2.98E+06 2.98E+06

Limiting natural frequencies
�_�1 245.82 188.61 185.13

p-�2 219.04 202.70 250.31

mass ratio � 0.70 0.42 0.26

�_1^2=1/2{[ 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2 (1+𝜆)+ 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ]−√([ 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2

(1+𝜆)+ 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ]^2−4( 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ) )}

�_2^2=1/2{[ 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2 (1+𝜆)+ 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ]+√([ 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2

(1+𝜆)+ 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ]^2−4( 〖 �_𝐿2 〗 ^2 〖 �_𝐿1 〗 ^2 ) )}
Therefore, Natural frequencies (rad/sec) p1 = 157.06 140.50 154.98
p2 = 342.82 272.11 299.02
Therefore, Natural frequencies (Hz) p1 = 25.00 22.36 24.67
p2 = 54.56 43.31 47.59

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 119

Coupled Lateral and Torsional Vibration
Mmy = m1a12 + m2a22 + m3a32 = 11860.8 Tonne-m2
kψ = k1b12 + k2b22 + k3b32 = 3437929 kNm/rad
�_Ψ=√(�_Ψ/𝑚
_𝑚𝑦 )= 17.03 rad/sec = 2.71 Hz
�=√(𝑀_𝑚𝑦/
radius of gyration 〖 Σ𝑚 〗 _𝑥 )= 4.44 m
α = 1 + (e/r)2 = 1.0
Frequency equation
�_1,2^2=1/2{[ 〖 �_𝑥 〗 ^2×𝛼+ 〖� _� 〗 ^2 ]−√([ 〖� _� 〗 ^2×�+
〖� _� 〗 ^2 ]^2−4( 〖� _𝑥 〗 ^2 〖� _� 〗 ^2 ) )}
p1 = 16.63 rad/sec = 2.65 Hz
p2 = 17.07 rad/sec = 2.72 Hz
The natural frequencies and limiting frequencies are very near to each other as the
eccntricity is very small. Hence there is no coupling of modes.

Amplitude of Vibration
machine operating speed = 50 Hz = 314.16 rad/sec
Damping value = 5%
A) Coupled lateral and Torsional Vibration
Since, there is no coupling as eccentricity is very small, modified equations can be used.
𝑥=(𝐹_𝑥 {1−𝛽�^2 })/(�_𝑥 (1− 〖𝛽 1 〗 _^2)(1−
〖𝛽 2 〗 _^2))= �_�/(�_� (1− 〖𝛽𝑥〗 _^2))

�=(𝑀_� {1−𝛽�^2 })/(�_� (1− 〖𝛽 1 〗 _^2)(1−

〖𝛽 2 〗 _^2))= 𝑀_�/(�_� (1− 〖𝛽�〗 _^2))

i) Unbalance Forces in-phase

Consider unbalance force along lateral direction (along +ve X)
Fx = 42 kN βx = ω/px 18.84
Mψ = -15.54 kNm βψ = ω/pψ 18.45

Amplitude x = 7.1E-07 m = 0.71 micron

Amplitude ψ = 1.33E-08 rad
This torsional amplitude shall result in lateral amplitude along X and Z.
Total lateral amplitude along X = 0.79 microns
Amplitude is very small. Hence can be neglected.
ii) Unbalance Forces out-of-phase
Fx = -18 kN βx = ω/px 18.84
Mψ = 97.38 kNm βψ = ω/pψ 18.45

Amplitude x = 3.0E-07 m = 0.30 micron

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 120

 Amplitude ψ = 8.34E-08 rad
This torsional amplitude shall result in lateral amplitude along X and Z.
Total lateral amplitude along X = 0.79 microns
Amplitude is very small. Hence can be neglected.

A) Vertical Vibration along Y

Maximum Response is
𝑦_2=(𝐹_0 {1+𝜆 (𝛽𝐿1^2)/(𝛽𝐿2^2 )
𝑦_1=(𝐹_0/𝐾_1)/((1− −𝛽𝐿1^2 })/(𝐾_2 (1− 〖𝛽 1 〗 _^2)√( 〖 (1− 〖𝛽
〖 𝛽 1 〗 _^2)√( 〖 (1− 〖𝛽 2 〗 _^2) 〗 ^2+ 2 〗 _^2) 〗 ^2+( 〖 2�_2^ �) 〗 ^2 ))
( 〖 2𝛽_2^ 𝜁) 〗 ^2 ))

Frame I Frame II Frame III

Unbalance Force on frame beam center F0 = 5 22.0 15.0
𝛽_1=𝜔/�_ 2.00 2.24 2.03
1=
𝛽_2=𝜔/�_ 0.92 1.15 1.05
2=
𝛽_𝐿1=𝜔/�_ 1.28 1.67 1.70
𝐿1 =
𝛽_𝐿2=𝜔/�_ 1.43 1.55 1.26
𝐿2 =
y1 (m) = -1.8E-06 -2.5E-06 -5.3E-06
y2 (m) = 2.388E-07 6.778E-06 1.534E-05
y1 (microns) = -1.80 -2.52 -5.28
y2 (microns) = 0.24 6.78 15.34
Total Amplitude (microns) 𝑦=√( 〖𝑦 _^2 〗 _1 1.82 7.23 16.22
+ 〖𝑦 _^2 〗 _2 )
Overall Total Vertical Amplitude of Top Deck slab = y = 17.85 microns

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 121

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 122
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 123
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 124
 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 �𝑎𝑡𝑖�=
𝜆=𝑚_2/𝑚_1

m_1=((0.55∗�_𝐷+�_𝑚�+�_𝐿𝐿+�_𝐿�+2∗0.33∗�
_� ))/�

K_2=1/𝑦
_2 m_2=(�_𝑚𝑏+0.45∗�_𝐷)/�
�_𝐿1=√(𝐾_1/
𝑚_1 )
K_1=(2∗𝐸𝐴_�)/ℎ

�_𝐿2=√(𝐾_2/
y_2={6^3/(9
_ _2) 6(2+1)/
_ ∗2 𝑚_2 )
(+2)}+ 3�/(8��_� )

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 125

ons can be used.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 126

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MACHINE FOUNDATION FOR TURBO GENERATOR 127
 solid model beam shell model
1 2.8945 2.615 4
2 2.9685 2.6696
3 4.0488 3.3983 BEAM SHE
22.153 22.369 120
4
5 27.157 25.204
6 29.565 29.695 100

7 31.914 36.862

Natural frequency (cyc/sec)

8 33.71 37.267 80

9 35.439 37.421
10 37.028 37.653 60
11 37.312 37.818
12 37.707 38.051
40
13 37.936 38.698
14 38.251 39.566
20
15 38.359 65.598
16 39.812 70.463
40.198 81.442 0
17 0 5 10 15
18 40.904 86.353 Mode no
19 41.743 91.641
20 42.005 94.091
21 44.814 95.279
22 51.393 95.962
23 56.128 96.685
24 63.733 97.267 solid
70
25 64.121 97.808
60
Natural frequency (cyc/sec)

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Mode no
 10

Na
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Mode no
 BEAM SHELL

10 15 20 25 30
Mode no

solid

solid

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Mode no
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Mode no
 normal base isolator

1 2.615 4 0.53011
2 2.6696 0.5811
3 3.3983 0.7636
4 22.369 2.6212
without base isolato
5 25.204 2.9175
90
6 29.695 2.9765

natural frequency (cyc/sec)

80
7 36.862 5.1659 70
60
8 37.267 5.192 50
9 37.421 5.2049 40
30
10 37.653 5.2121 20
11 37.818 5.2237 10
0
12 38.051 5.2748 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
13 38.698 5.3452 mode no
14 39.566 5.3716
15 65.598 5.4591
16 70.463 5.5707
17 81.442 6.3738 with base isolator
18 86.353 7.8094
7
19 91.641 44.789
6
20 94.091 55.064
natural frequency (cyc/sec)

5
21 95.279 64.959
4
22 95.962 66.401
3
23 96.685 77.088
24 97.267 82.884 2

25 97.808 92.397 1

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

mode no
without base isolator

without base isolator

6 8 10 12 14 16 18

mode no

with base isolator

with base isolator

6 8 10 12 14 16 18

mode no