STRESS ANALYSIS OF CANTILEVER BEAM with End Load

AIM:
To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given Cantilever Beam using Finite Element Analysis
bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.

PROCEDURE:

cantilever beam shown in the following figure:

E = 210000N/mm2
n = 0.3
L = 100mm
a = 10mm
b = 10mm
F = 100N

1. Preferences:
Select the type of preferences

Preferences -> Structural->OK

Preprocessing:
2. Define Element types:
Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete -> Add -> Beam ->2D elastic->OK->Close.
3. Sections:
Preprocessor -> Sections -> Beam -> Common Section-> Ok

Cross-Sectional area: 10*10

B=10
H=10
OK- Close.
4. Define Material Properties:
Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> Material Models-> Structural->Linear->Elastic Isotropic

Young’s Modulus EX-21e4

Poissons Ratio PRXY-0.3
OK->Close.
5. Create keypoints:
Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Key points -> In Active CS
 Enter 1 for key point number Enter the location as (x,y,z)=(0,0,0). -Apply”.

Enter 2 for key point number Enter the location as (x, y, z) = (100, 0, 0,) - OK

Turn on keypoint numbering:

Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering. ->OK

6. Create lines between keypoints:
Preprocessor -> Create -> Lines -> Straight Line

-Pick keypoint 1, then keypoint 2->OK

7. Meshing:
Preprocessor ->-Meshing-> Size Ctrls ->Manual Size ->Lines-> All Lines
No. of element divisions -10->OK

8. Mesh the lines:

Preprocessor ->Mesh -> Lines -> Pick All->OK
Solution:
9. Apply constraints and force:

Solution -> Define Loads-> Apply -> -Structural -> Displacement -> On Keypoints

Click on keypoints 1-> Apply ->ALL DOF ->OK.

Apply the force:

Solution -> Define Loads ->Apply -> -Structural->Force/Moment -> On Keypoints.

Pick keypoint 2, - “FY” = -100(For down word direction) ->OK.

10. Solve the problem:

Solution -> Solve->Current LS -> OK.

Post processing:

11. Plot the deformed shape:

General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape ->Def + undeformed -> “OK”.

12. List reaction forces:

General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution-> “OK”.

13. List the x and y direction deflections for each node:

General Postproc -> plot Results -> Contour Plot->Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs

14. Stress:
General Postproc -> Element Table -> Define Table -> Add -> By sequence num-> ls2>OK

Plot Stress results:

General Postproc -> Element Table ->Plot Elem Table -> LS2-> OK

15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK

Result:
Stress analysis of Simply supported beam
AIM: To determine the displacement and bending stress of a given Simple Supported Beam using Finite Element

Analysis bases ANSYS structure and view the displacement and bending stress plots.
PROCEDURE: Simple Supported Beam shown in the following figure:

Notes:
Moment of Inertia, I = 394 in4 (enter as IZZ in ANSYS); Cross-sectional area, A=14.7 in2; Height = 12.19 in;
Modulus of Elasticity, E=30E6 psi (enter as EX in ANSYS); =0.29 (enter as NUXY in ANSYS).
1. Preferences:Select the type of preferences
Preferences -> Structural->OK
Preprocessing:
2. Define Element types:
Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete -> Add -> Beam ->2D elastic->OK->Close.
3. Sections:
Preprocessor -> Sections -> Beam -> Common Section-> Ok
B=1.20 in; H = 12.19 in OK- Close.
4. Define Material Properties: Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> Material Models-> Structural->Linear->Elastic
Isotropic
Young’s Modulus E=30E6 psi
Poissons Ratio PRXY-0.29 OK->Close.
5. Create keypoints:
Preprocessor -> -Modeling- Create -> Key points -> In Active CS

Keypoints Coordinates
x y z
1 0 0 0
2 48 0 0
3 168 0 0
4 204 0 0
5 240 0 0

Turn on keypoint numbering:

Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering. ->OK
10. Create lines between keypoints:
Preprocessor -> Create -> Lines -> Straight Line
 -Pick keypoint 1, then keypoint 2, Continue creating lines ->OK

11. Meshing:
Preprocessor ->-Meshing-> Size Ctrls ->Manual Size ->Lines-> All LinesNo. of element divisions -10->OK
12. Mesh the lines:
Preprocessor ->Mesh -> Lines -> Pick All->OK
Solution:
13. Apply constraints and force:
Solution -> Define Loads- Apply -> -Structural -> Displacement -> On Keypoints

Click on keypoints 2 and 4, -> Apply -> UX,UY,UZ and ,ROX,ROY and ROZ are highlighted ->OK.

Apply the force:

Solution -> -Loads->Apply -> -Structural->Force/Moment -> On Keypoints.
Pick keypoint 5, - “FY” = -8000(For down word direction) ->OK.

Apply the distributed load:

Solution -> -Loads->Apply -> -Structural-> Pressure -> On Beams. -> Key point number 2 , Enter “150” for
VALI-> OK.
10. Solve the problem:
Solution -> Solve->Current LS -> OK.

Post processing:
11. Plot the deformed shape:
General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape ->Def + undeformed -> “OK”.
12. List reaction forces:
General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution-> “OK”.

13. List the x and y direction deflections for each node:

General Postproc -> plot Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs
14. Stress:
General Postproc -> Element Table -> Define Table -> Add -> By sequence num-> ls2>OK
Plot Stress results:
General Postproc -> Element Table ->Plot Elem Table -> LS2-> OK
15. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK
Result:
 Stress analysis of stepped bar
Aim: To Determine the Nodal Displacement, Stress in each element, Reaction forces for stepped bar .

1. Ansys Main Menu – Preferences-Select – STRUCTURAL- h method – ok

2. Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – link, 3D Finit stn 180 – ok- close.
3. Sections: Preprocessor -> Sections -> Beam -> Common Section-> Ok
B=30 mm; H = 30mm ->Apply->ID NO 2-> B=30 mm; H = 20mm OK- Close.
4. Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX
– 2e5 –PRXY – 0.3- material- new material-define material id=2- Structural – Linear
– Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 0.7e5 –PRXY – 0.3– ok – close.
5. Modeling – Create – key points– In Active CS, =0, Y=0 – Apply (first key point is
created) – location in active CS, X= 600, Y=0, apply (second key point is created) -
location in active CS X=1100, Y=0(third key point is created) -ok.
6. Modeling-Create – lines-straight lines-pick key points 1 & 2-ok- pick key points 2 &
3-ok
7. Meshing-mesh attributes-picked lines (pick the lines)-ok-material no= 1, real
constants set no = 1, element type no =1, link 1, element section= none defined-pick
the other line-ok-material number 2-define material id 2- real constants set no = 2,
element type no =2-element section= none defined-ok.
8. Meshing-size controls-manual size-lines-all lines- no of element divisions=10(yes)-ok
9. Meshing-mesh tool-mesh-pick the lines-ok (the color changes to light blue)
10. Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on key points- pick key
point 1 – apply –DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF, displacement value=0 – ok.
11. Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on key points- pick last
key point – apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 500 (+ve
value) – ok.
12. Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.
13. Element table – Define table – Add –‘Results data item’ – By Sequence num – LS –
LS1 – ok.
14. Plot results – contour plot –Element table – item to be plotted LS,1, avg common
nodes- yes average- ok.
15. List Results – reaction solution – items to be listed – All items – ok (reaction forces
will be displayed with the node numbers).
16. Plot results- nodal solution-ok-DOF solution- x component of displacement-ok.
17. Animation: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def+undeformed-ok.
RESULT:
 Stress analysis of a rectangular plate with circular hole
Aim: To determine the maximum stress distribution along A-B (you may use t = 1 mm). E =
210GPa, t = 1 mm, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Dia of the circle = 10 mm, Analysis assumption
– Plane stress with thickness is used.

1. Ansys Main Menu – Preferences-Select – STRUCTURAL-h method – ok

2. Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – Solid – Quad 4 node – 42 – ok – option –
element behavior K3 – Plane stress with thickness – ok – close.
3. Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no – 1 – Thickness – 1 – ok.
4. Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX
– 2.1e5 –PRXY – 0.3 – ok – close.
5. Modeling –Create – Area – Rectangle – by dimensions – X1, X2, Y1, Y2 – 0, 60, 0,
40 – ok.
6. Create – Area – Circle – solid circle – X, Y, radius – 30, 20, 5 – ok.
7. Operate – Booleans – Subtract – Areas – pick area which is not to be deleted
(rectangle) – apply – pick area which is to be deleted (circle) – ok.
8. Meshing – Mesh Tool – Mesh Areas – Quad – Free – Mesh – pick all – ok. Mesh
Tool – Refine – pick all – Level of refinement – 3 – ok.
9. Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Displacement – on Nodes – select box –
drag the left side of the area – apply – DOFs to be constrained – ALL DOF – ok.
10. Loads – Define loads – apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Nodes – select box –
drag the right side of the area – apply – direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment
value – 2000 (+ve value) – ok.
11. Solve – current LS – ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.
12. Deformed shape-Plot Results – Deformed Shape – def+undeformed – ok.
13. Plot results – contour plot – Element solu – Stress – Von Mises Stress – ok (the stress
distribution diagram will be displayed).
RESULT:
 Analysis of a Truss
AIM: Compute the maximum deflection and locate point of maximum deflection.

. PROCEDURE:Truss shown in the following figure:

6 7 8

3m
1 2 3 4 5

F= 125 N F= 100 N

3m 3m 3m 3m

Notes: Cross-sectional area of truss members = 3.0E-4 m2; Modulus of Elasticity = 2.07E11 N/m2. Circled
numbers shown are node numbers
1. Preferences:
Select the type of preferences
Preferences -> Structural -> OK
Preprocessing:
2. Define Element types:
Preprocessor -> Element Type -> Add/Edit/Delete->Add->Link ->3D spar -> OK-Close.
3. Section:
Preprocessor -> Section -> Link-> Add Id no1->Cross-Sectional area: 3.0E-4.
OK-> Close.
4. Define Material Properties:
Preprocessor -> Material Properties -> Material Models -> Structural ->
Linear- -> Elastic -> Isotropic
Young’s Modulus EX-2.07E11
Poissons Ratio PRXY-0.3
OK-Close.
5. Create nodes at truss joints: Preprocessor -> -Modeling->Create -> Nodes -> In Active CS
Keypoints Coordinates
x y z
1 0 0 0
2 3 0 0
3 6 0 0
4 9 0 0
5 12 0 0
6 3 3 0
7 6 3 0
8 9 3 0
6. Create link Elements between nodes:

Preprocessor -> Modeling -> Create -> Elements ->Auto Numbered->Thru Nodes
-Pick node 1, then node 2-> Apply ->after picking the nodes for the last element (element 13) ->OK
 Turn on node numbering.
Utility Menu -> PlotCtrls -> Numbering. ->OK-> Close.
Solution:
7. Apply constraints and force:
Solution -> Define Loads -> Apply -> -Structural->Displacement -> On Nodes
Pick node 5- Apply - ALL DOF ->Pick node 1 ->UY-> OK
Apply the force:
Solution -> Define Loads -> Apply -> -Structural -> Force/Moment -> On Nodes
Pick node 2- “FY” = -125(For down word direction) -> Apply.
Pick node 3- “FY” = -100(For down word direction) -> OK.
8. Solve the problem:
Solution -> Solve- Current LS -> OK
Post processing:
9. Plot the deformed shape:
General Postproc -> Plot Results -> Deformed Shape-> OK
10. List reaction forces:
General Postproc -> List Results -> Reaction Solution-> OK
11. List the x and y direction deflections for each node:
General Postproc -> plot Results -> Nodal Solution -> DOF Solution -> ALL DOFs
12. Stress:
General Postproc -> Element Table -> Define Table -> Add -> By sequence num-> ls1>OK
Plot Stress results:
General Postproc -> Element Table ->Plot Elem Table -> LS1-> OK
13. Exit ANSYS. Toolbar: Quit ->Save Everything -> OK

Result: