Problem Description:

Determine the nodal deflections, reaction forces, and stress for the truss system shown below
(E = 200GPa, A = 3250mm2).

LEFT SIDE
Problems to practice:

Consider the four bar truss shown in figure. For the given data, find Stress in each element, Reaction
forces, Nodal displacement. E = 210 GPa, A = 0.1 m2.
Ex. No:
DATE:
1D TRUSS PROBLEM

AIM:

To analyze the one – dimensional truss problem and to identify displacements, Reaction
forces and stress for the given figure.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences
Select → STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Link → 2D spar 1 → ok → close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → c/s area → 3250 → ok → close.
Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic → EX
→ 2E5 → ok → close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Nodes → In Active CS → Apply nodes wrt Co-ordinates as given in
table below:
Node No X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 1800 3118 0
3 3600 0 0
4 5400 3118 0
5 7200 0 0
6 9000 3118 0
7 10800 0 0

Repeat for creating 7 nodes wrt CS

Create → Elements → Elem Attributes → Material number → 1 → Real constant set number
→ 1 → ok Auto numbered → Thru Nodes → pick 1 & 2 → apply → pick 2 & 3 → apply →
pick 3 & 1 → apply → pick 3 & 4 → apply → pick 2 &4 - apply → pick 3 & 5 → apply →
pick 4 & 5 → apply → pick 4 & 6 - apply → pick 5 & 6 - apply → pick 5 & 7 → apply →
pick 6 & 7 → ok (elements are created through nodes).
Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → on Nodes → pick node 1
→ apply → DOFs to be constrained → All DOF → ok
On Nodes → pick node 7 → apply → DOFs to be constrained → UY → ok.
 Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Force/Moment → on Nodes- pick node 1 →
apply → direction of For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -280E3 (-ve value) → ok
Structural →Force/Moment → on Nodes- pick node 3 → apply → direction of
For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -210E3 (-ve value) → ok
Structural →Force/Moment → on Nodes- pick node 5 → apply → direction of
For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -280E3 (-ve value) → ok
Structural →Force/Moment → on Nodes- pick node7 → apply → direction of
For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -210E3 (-ve value) → ok
Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.
Step 7: General Post Processor
Element table → Define table → Add → ‘Results data item’ → By Sequence num → LS →
LS1 → ok.
Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def+undeformed → ok.
Plot Results → contour plot → Line Element Results → Elem table item at node I → LS1 →
Elem table item at node J → LS1 → ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
Plot results → contour plot → Nodal solution → DOF solution → displacement vector sum
→ ok.
List Results → reaction solution → items to be listed → All items → ok (reaction forces will
be displayed with the node numbers).
List Results → Nodal loads → items to be listed → All items → ok (Nodal loads will be
displayed with the node numbers).

Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def+undeformed → ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Displacement = ______________________________________

(ii) Reaction forces = ____________________________________

(iii) Stress = ____________________________________________

Problem Description:
For the given data, find internal stresses developed, Nodal displacement in the planar truss
shown in figure when a vertically downward load of 10000 N is applied as shown.
C/s area E
Member 2
mm N/mm2
1 200
2 200
2 x 105
3 100
4 100
10000 N

LEFT SIDE
3
500
4
1000
500
1
2

1000 1000
Ex. No:
DATE:
1D TRUSS PROBLEM WITH VARYING CROSS SECTION

AIM:

To analyze the one – dimensional truss problem and to identify displacements, and stress for
the given figure.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL → ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Link → 2D spar 1 → ok → close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → c/s area → 200 → apply →
real constant set no → 2 → c/s area → 100 → ok → close.
Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic →
EX → 2e5 → PRXY → 0.27 → ok → close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Nodes → In Active CS → Apply (first node is created) → x,y,z
location in CS → 1000 (x value w.r.t first node) → apply (second node is created) → 500,
500 (x, y value w.r.t first node) → apply (third node is created) → 2000, 1000 (x, y value
w.r.t first node) → ok (forth node is created).
Create → Elements → Elem Attributes → Material number → 1 → Real constant set number
→ 1 → ok → Auto numbered → Thru Nodes → pick 1 & 3 → apply → pick 2 & 3 → ok
Elem Attributes → Material number → 1 → Real constant set number → 2 → ok → Auto
numbered → Thru Nodes → pick 3 & 4 → apply → pick 2 & 4 → ok (elements are created
through nodes).

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → on Nodes → pick node 1 &
2 → apply → DOFs to be constrained → All DOF → ok.
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Force/Moment → on Nodes → pick node
4 → apply → direction of For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -10000 (-ve
value) → ok.
 Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.
Step 7: General Post Processor
Element table → Define table → Add → ‘Results data item’ → By Sequence num → LS →
LS1 → ok.
Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def+undeformed → ok.
Plot results → contour plot → Line Element Results → Elem table item at node I → LS1
→ Elem table item at node J → LS1 → ok (Line Stress diagram will be displayed).
Plot results → contour plot → Nodal solution → DOF solution → displacement vector sum →
ok.
List Results → reaction solution → items to be listed → All items → ok (reaction
forces will be displayed with the node numbers).
Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def+undeformed-ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Displacement = ______________________________________

(ii) Stress = ____________________________________________

Problem Description:
Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown and find the maximum
deflection. Assume rectangular cross-sectional area of 0.2 m x 0.3 m, Young’s modulus of 210 GPa,
Poisson’s ratio 0.27.
12kN/m (UDL)

4m

6m

Problems to Practice

LEFT SIDE
1. Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown b e l o w
and find the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s
modulus of 210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.

30kN 20kN 10kN/m (UDL)

2m 2m 4m

8m

2. Compute the Shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown b e l o w
and find the maximum deflection. Assume rectangular c/s area of 0.2 m * 0.3 m, Young’s
modulus of 210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio 0.27.
Ex. No:
DATE: PROBLEMS IN BEAMS
AIM:

To analyze the one – dimensional beam problem and to compute maximum deflection, shear
force and bending moment diagrams for the given figure.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences
Select → STRUCTURAL → ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → BEAM → 2D elastic 3 → ok → close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → c/s area → 0.2*0.3 m o m e n t
of inertia → 0.2*0.3**3/12 → total beam height → 0.3 → ok.
Material Properties → material models → Structural → linear → Elastic → Isotropic → EX
→ 210e9 → PRXY → 0.27 →ok → close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Nodes → In Active CS → Apply (first node is created) → x,y,z location
in CS → 4 (x value w.r.t first node) → apply (second node is created) → 6 (x value w.r.t first
node) → ok (third node is created).

Create → Nodes → Fill between Nds → pick 1 & 2 → apply → number of nodes to fill
7 → starting node no → 4 → ok.

Create → Elements → Auto numbered → Thru Nodes → pick 1 & 4 apply→ pick 4 & 5
apply→ pick 5 & 6 apply→ pick 6 & 7 apply→ pick 7 & 8 apply→ pick 8 & 9 apply → pick
9 & 10 apply→ pick 10 & 2 apply → pick 2 & 3 → ok (elements are created through nodes).
Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → on Nodes- pick node 1 &
3 → apply → DOFs to be constrained → UY → ok.

Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Pressure → on Beams → pick all

 elements between nodes 1 & 2 → apply → pressure value at node I → 12000 → pressure
value at node J → 12000 → ok.
Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.
Step 7: General Post Processor
Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def+undeformed → ok.
Plot Results → Contour plot → Nodal solu → DOF solution → displacement vector sum
→ ok.
Element table → Define table → Add → ‘Results data item’ → By Sequence num →
SMISC → SMISC, 2 → apply, By Sequence num → SMISC → SMISC, 8 → apply,
By Sequence num → SMISC → SMISC, 6 → apply, By Sequence num → SMISC →
SMISC, 12 → ok → close.
NOTE: For Shear Force Diagram use the combination SMISC 2 & SMISC 8, for
Bending Moment Diagram use the combination SMISC 6 & SMISC 12.
Step 8: General Post Processor
Plot results → contour plot → Line Element Results → Elem table item at node I → SMIS2
→ Elem table item at node J → SMIS8 → ok (Shear force diagram will be displayed).
Plot results → contour plot → Line Element Results → Elem table item at node I →
SMIS6 → Elem table item at node J → SMIS12 → ok (bending moment diagram will be
displayed).
List Results → reaction solution → items to be listed → All items → ok (reaction
forces will be displayed with the node numbers).
List Results → Nodal loads → items to be listed → All items → ok (Nodal loads will be
displayed with the node numbers).
Step 9: PlotCtrls → animate → Deformed results → DOF solution → USUM → ok.

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Maximum Deflection = ______________________________________

Problem Description:
In the plate with a hole under plane stress, find deformed shape of the hole and determine
the maximum stress distribution along A-B (you may use t = 1 mm). E = 210GPa, t = 1 mm,
Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Diameter of the circle = 10 mm, Analysis assumption – plane stress with
thickness is used.

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE: STRESS ANALYSIS OF A FLAT PLATE
AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional problem and to identify the maximum deformation and
stress distribution for the given figure under plane stress condition.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences
Select → STRUCTURAL → ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad 4 node → 42 → ok →
option → element behavior K3 → Plane stress with thickness → ok → close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → Thickness → 1 → ok.
Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic →
EX → 2.1e5 → PRXY → 0.3 → ok → close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Area → Rectangle → by dimensions → X1, X2, Y1, Y2 → 0, 60,
0, 40 → ok. Create → Area → Circle → solid circle → X, Y, radius → 30, 20, 5 → ok.

Operate → Booleans → Subtract → Areas → pick area which is not to be deleted (rectangle)
→ apply → pick area which is to be deleted (circle) → ok.

Meshing → Mesh Tool → Mesh Areas → Quad → Free → Mesh → pick all → ok.
Mesh Tool → Refine → pick all → Level of refinement → 3 → ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → on Nodes → select box
→ drag the left side of the area → apply → DOFs to be constrained → ALL DOF → ok.

Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Force/Moment → on Nodes → select box

 → drag the right side of the area → apply → direction of For/Mom → FX →
Force/Moment value → 2000 (+ve value) → ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def+undeformed → ok.
Plot results → contour plot → Element solution → Stress → Von - Mises Stress
→ ok (the stress distribution diagram will be displayed).
Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def+undeformed → ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Maximum Deformation = ______________________________________

(ii) Maximum Stress = ___________________________________________

Problem Description:
In the Spanner under plane stress, find deformed shape and determine the maximum stress
distribution. E = 2 x 105 N/mm2, t = 3 mm, Poisson’s ratio = 0.27

Problems to Practice

The bicycle spanner is as shown in figure below made of steel with a modulus of elasticity E = 200GPa
and a Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.32. The spanner is 3 mm thick. Determine the von - mises stress under the
given distributed load and boundary conditions.

LEFT SIDE
 Ex. No:
DATE:
2D ANALYSIS OF A SPANNER
AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional problem and to identify the maximum deformation and
stress distribution for the given figure under plane stress condition.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL → ok

Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad 8 node → 82 → ok → option →
element behavior K3 → Plane stress with thickness → ok → close.

Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → Thickness → 3 → ok.

Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic → EX

→ 2e5 → PRXY → 0.27 → ok → close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → by dimensions → X1, X2, Y1, Y2 → 0, 55, 0,
13 → ok.
Modeling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → by dimensions → X1, X2, Y1, Y2 → 55, 75, 0,
13 → ok.
Create → Areas → Circle → solid circle → X, Y, radius → 130, 6.5, 15 → ok.
Operate → Booleans → Add → Areas → Pick all → ok.
Create → Areas → Rectangle → By 2 Corners → X, Y, Width, Height, 125, -1, 25, 15 → ok.
Operate → Booleans → Subtract → Areas → pick area which is not to be deleted (Spanner
body) → apply → pick area which is to be deleted (Rectangle) → ok.

Meshing → Mesh Tool → Mesh Areas → Quad → Free → Mesh → pick all → ok.

Mesh Tool → Refine → pick all → Level of refinement → 3 → ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → on Areas → select the
Spanner end → apply → DOFs to be constrained → ALL DOF → ok.
Ansys Utility Menu → Select → Entities → Lines → by Num/Pick → Select all → apply
(select the line where load is applied → ok → Nodes → Attached to → lines, all → select
all → ok.
Plot → nodes (only nodes attached to the lines will be displayed).

Preprocessor → Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Force/Moment → on

Nodes → select box → drag all the nodes(note the no of nodes) → apply → direction of
For/Mom → FY → Force/Moment value → -200/no of nodes → ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def + undeformed → ok.
Plot Results → contour plot → Element solution → Stress → Von-Mises Stress →
ok (the stress distribution diagram will be displayed).

Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def + undeformed → ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Maximum Deformation = ______________________________________

(ii) Maximum Stress = ___________________________________________

Problem Description:
The vessel is made from steel (E = 207 GPa, ν = 0.27) and the internal pressure is 10,000 Pa is shown
below. Determine the principal stresses and deflection considering the problem as plane strain
condition.

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
ANALYSIS OF A PRESSURE VESSEL UNDER PLANE STRAIN CONDITION

AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional problem and to identify the maximum deformation and
stress distribution for the given figure under plane strain condition.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL → ok

Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad 8 node → 183 → ok → option →
element behavior K3 → Plane strain → ok → close.

Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic → EX

→ 2.07e5 → PRXY → 0.27 → ok → close.

Step 4: Preprocessor
For a plane strain condition, the modeling was done as shown in figure below assuming
symmetric conditions
 Modeling → Create → Areas → Circle → Partial Annulus → Rad -1, Rad-2 → 0.1, 0.12 →
ok.

Meshing → Mesh Tool → Mesh Areas → Quad → Free → Mesh → pick all → ok.

Mesh Tool → Refine → pick all → Level of refinement → 3 → ok.

Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Displacement → Symmetry B.C → On
lines → Select vertical and horizontal lines → ok.
Preprocessor → Loads → Define loads → apply → Structural → Pressure → on Lines →
select inner radius line → OK → Pressure value = 10000 → ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def + undeformed → ok.
Plot Results → contour plot → Element solution → Stress → Von-Mises Stress →
ok (the stress distribution diagram will be displayed).

Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def + undeformed → ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Maximum Deformation = ______________________________________

(ii) Maximum Stress = ___________________________________________

 Problem Description:
A section view of the closed tube made from steel as shown in fig. Point loads 50 N will be
applied at the center of the top and bottom plate and the inner pressure 50 N/mm2.Using the axi-
symmetric method to determine the von – mises stress

100 N

100 N

LEFT SIDE
Problem for Practice:

A closed cylinder is subjected to an internal pressure P = 1 MPa as shown in figure. The Matrail
properties are E = 200 GPa and Poisson ratio is 0.3. Determine the axial stress and hoop stress in the
cylinder wall and plot the results.

6.8 cm 10 cm

20 cm
24 cm
Ex. No:
DATE: AXI- SYMMETRIC PROBLEM
AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional problem and to identify the maximum deformation and
stress distribution for the given figure under Axi-symmetric condition.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL → ok

Step 3: Preprocessor
Main menu → pre-processor → element type → add/edit/delete → add → structural mass →
solid → Quad 8 node (Plane 42) → ok → options → select Axi - symmetric in K3 option → ok
→ close

Main menu → pre-processor→ Material props → material models → structural → linear →

elastic → isotropic → Young’s modulus (EX = 200e3) and Poisson’s ratio (PRXY = 0.3) → ok

Step 4: Preprocessor

Main menu → preprocessor → modeling → Create → Areas → Rectangle → By Dimensions.

Note : For an axisymmetric problem, ANSYS will rotate the area around the y-axis at x=0.
Therefore, to create the geometry mentioned above, we must define a U-shape. We are going
to define 3 overlapping rectangles as defined in the following table:
Rectangle X1 X2 Y1 Y2
1 0 100 0 25
2 75 100 25 275
3 100 0 275 300

Main menu → preprocessor → modeling → operate→ Boolean → add → areas → pick all →
ok

Main menu → preprocessor → Meshing → size cntrl → Manual Size → Areas → All Areas
→ enter size level as 2 → ok.
Main menu → preprocessor → Meshing → mesh → Areas → pick all → ok
Step 5: Preprocessor
Main menu → loads → define loads → apply → structural → displacement → Symmetry
B.C. → On Lines → left side top and bottom line → ok.

Main menu → loads → define loads → apply → structural → Force → On Nodes → click top
node in the axis of the tube → enter 100 → click bottom node in the axis of the tube → enter -
100 → ok.

Main menu → loads → define loads → apply → structural → pressure → On line → click
inner tube diameter → enter 50 → ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Gen. Post processor → plot results → contour plots → nodal solu. → stress → von mises →
ok

Utility menu → plot ctrls → hard copy → to file → jpeg → save to : tube stress result.jpg →
ok

Gen. Post processor → plot results → contour plots → nodal solu. → Displacement vector sum
→ ok

Utility Menu → PlotCtrls → Style → Symmetry Expansion → 2-D Axi-symmetric... → 3/4

expansion → OK

Utility menu → plot ctrls → hard copy → to file → jpeg → save to : tube displacement
result.jpg → ok

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analysed and the following results were found

(i) Maximum Deformation = ______________________________________

(ii) Maximum Stress = ___________________________________________

Problem Description:
Solve the 2-D heat conduction problem for the temperature distribution within the
rectangular plate. Thermal conductivity of the plate, KXX=401 W/(m-K).

Problems to Practice
For the two-dimensional stainless-steel shown below, determine the temperature distribution. The

LEFT SIDE
left and right sides are insulated. The top surface is subjected to heat transfer by convection. The
bottom and internal portion surfaces are maintained at 300 °C. Thermal conductivity of stainless
steel = 16 W/m.K)
Ex. No:
DATE:
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF PLATES
AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional thermal problem and to identify the temperature distribution
for the given figure.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.
Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences
Select → THERMAL → ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad 4 node → 55 → ok →
option → element behavior K3 → Plane stress with thickness → ok → close.
Material Properties → material models → Thermal → Conductivity → Isotropic → KXX →
401 → ok
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Area → Rectangle → by dimensions → X1, X2, Y1, Y2 → 0, 10, 0,
20 → ok.
Meshing → Mesh Tool → Mesh Areas → Quad → Free → Mesh → pick all → ok. Mesh
Tool → Refine → pick all → Level of refinement → 3 → ok.
Step 5: Preprocessor
Loads → Define loads → apply → Thermal → Temperature → on Lines → select 100° C
lines → apply → DOFs to be constrained → TEMP → Temp value → 100° C → ok.
Loads → Define loads → apply → Thermal → Temperature → on Lines → select 100° C
lines → apply → DOFs to be constrained → TEMP → Temp value → 200°C → ok
Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.
Step 7: General Post Processor
Plot results → contour plot → Nodal solution → DOF solution → Nodal Temperature → ok
Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed results → DOF Solution → Temperature → ok.

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analyzed and the Temperature distribution was plotted.
 Problem Description:

A wall of an industrial oven consists of three different materials, as shown in the accompanying
figure. The first layer is composed of 10 cm of insulating cement with a thermal conductivity of
0.12 W/mK. The second layer is made from 20 cm of asbestos board with a thermal conductivity
of 0.071 W/mK. The exterior consists of 12-cm cement mortar with a thermal conductivity of
0.72 W/m2 K. The inside wall temperature of the oven is 250°C, and the outside air is at a
temperature of 35°C with a convection coefficient of 45 W/m2 K. Determine the temperature
distribution along the composite wall.

LEFT SIDE
Problem for Practice:

Consider a small chimney constructed from two different materials as shown in figure below
with its dimensions. The inner layer is constructed from concrete with a thermal conductivity
0.07W/m-k. The outer layer of the chimney is constructed from bricks with a thermal conductivity
0.04 W/m-K. The temperature of the hot gases on the inside surface of the chimney is assumed to
be 1400K, with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 0.037W/m2-K. The outside surface is
exposed to the surrounding air, which is at 300K, with a corresponding convection heat transfer
coefficient of 0.012W/m2K. Determine the temperature distribution within the concrete and the
brick layer under steady-state conditions.
Ex. No:
DATE:
HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE PLATES

AIM:

To analyze the Two – dimensional thermal problem and to identify the temperature
distribution for the given figure.

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu

File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → THERMAL → ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → Solid → Quad 4 node → 55 → ok →
close.
Main menu → preprocessor→ Material props → material models → material model 1 →
thermal → conductivity → isotropic → enter KXX1 = 0.12 → ok.
Main menu → preprocessor→ Material props → material models → material model 2 →
thermal → conductivity → isotropic → enter KXX2 = 0.071 → ok.
Main menu → preprocessor→ Material props → material models → material model 3 →
thermal → conductivity → isotropic → enter KXX3 = 0.72 → ok.

Step 4: Preprocessor
Main menu → Preprocessor → Modeling → create → area → Rectangle → by 2 corners
→ values as per below → apply & continue for other areas → ok.
S.NO WP - X WP - Y WIDTH HEIGHT
1 0 0 0.1 1
2 0.1 0 0.2 1
3 0.3 0 0.12 1
Main menu → preprocessor → modeling→ operate → Boolean → glue → area→ pick
all→ ok
 Utility menu → plot ctrls → numbering → tick Area numbers → ok
Utility menu → plot → Areas.
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → size cntrls → Global → size → edge length
0.5→ ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → default attributes → select element 1; material
1 → ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → mesh tool → mesh → select area 1→ ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → default attributes → select element 1; material
2 → ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → mesh tool → mesh → select area 2→ ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → default attributes → select element 1; material
3 → ok
Main menu → preprocessor → meshing → mesh tool → mesh → select area 3→ ok

Step 5: Preprocessor
Main menu → solution → define loads → apply → thermal → temperature → on lines →
select the left side line of area 1 → select temp. → enter VALUE = 250 → ok.
Main menu → solution → define loads → apply → thermal → convection → on lines →
select the right side line of area 3 → HF = 45; temp. = 35 ℃ → ok.

Step 6: Solution
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 7: General Post Processor

Plot results → contour plot → Nodal solution → DOF solution → Nodal Temperature →
ok
Gen. Post processor → list results → contour plots → nodal solu. → DOF solu. →
Temperature → ok (to list temperature distribution).
Click print screen → open word file and paste it → save the document.
Utility menu → file → save as → composite wall .db → ok
Utility menu → file → write db log file → composite wall .lgw → ok.

Step 8: PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed results → DOF Solution → Temperature → ok.

RESULT:

Thus the given problem was analyzed and the Temperature distribution was plotted.
Problem Description:
Modal Analysis of Cantilever beam for natural frequency determination. Modulus of
elasticity = 200GPa, Density = 7800 Kg/m3

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
AIM:

To analyze the given system and to extract the mode shapes and its frequencies through
modal analysis.

(b) To analyze the given system and to find the resonance through harmonic analysis

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu
File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → BEAM → 2D elastic 3 → ok- close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → c/s area → 0.01*0.01
moment of inertia → 0.01*0.01**3/12 → total beam height → 0.01 → ok.

Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic

→ EX → 200e9 → PRXY → 0.27 → Density → 7800 → ok → close.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Keypoints → in Active CS → x,y,z locations → 0,0 → apply
→ x,y,z locations → 1,0 → ok (Keypoints created).
Create → Lines → lines → in Active Coord → pick keypoints 1 and 2 → ok.

Meshing → Size Cntrls → ManualSize → Lines → All Lines → element edge length →
0.1 → ok. Mesh → Lines → Pick All → ok.

Step 5: Solution
Solution → Analysis Type → New Analysis → Modal → ok.

Solution → Analysis Type → Subspace → Analysis options → no of modes to

extract → 5 → no of modes to expand → 5 → ok → (use default values) → ok.
Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural → Displacement → On
 Keypoints → Pick first keypoint → apply → DOFs to be constrained → ALL DOF
→ ok.
Solve → current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close

Step 7: General Post Processor

Result Summary

Step 8: General Post Processor

Read Results → First Set

Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def + undeformed → ok. PlotCtrls → Animate →

Deformed shape → def + undeformed → ok. Read Results → Next Set

Plot Results → Deformed Shape → def + undeformed → ok.

PlotCtrls → Animate → Deformed shape → def + undeformed → ok.

RESULT:

Thus, the given problem was analyzed and the modes are extracted. The frequencies for
the beam are given below:
(i) 1st Mode: ______________ Hz

(ii) 2nd Mode: ______________ Hz

(iii) 3rd Mode: ______________ Hz

(iv) 4th Mode: ______________ Hz

(v) 5th Mode: ______________ Hz

Problem Description:
Fixed- fixed beam subjected to forcing function
Conduct a harmonic forced response test by applying a cyclic load (harmonic) at the end of
the beam. The frequency of the load will be varied from 1 - 100 Hz. Modulus of elasticity =
200GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.3, Density = 7800 Kg/m3.

LEFT SIDE
 Ex. No:
DATE:
HARMONIC ANALYSIS
AIM:

To analyze the given system and to find the resonance through harmonic analysis

SOFTWARE USED:

ANSYS APDL 12.0

PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Ansys Utility Menu
File → clear and start new → do not read file → ok → yes.

Step 2: Ansys Main Menu → Preferences

Select → STRUCTURAL - ok
Step 3: Preprocessor
Element type → Add/Edit/Delete → Add → BEAM → 2D elastic 3 → ok → close.
Real constants → Add → ok → real constant set no → 1 → c/s area → 0.01*0.01
moment of inertia → 0.01*0.01**3/12 → total beam height → 0.01 → ok.
Material Properties → material models → Structural → Linear → Elastic → Isotropic
→ EX → 200e9 → PRXY → 0.3 → Density → 7800 → ok.
Step 4: Preprocessor
Modeling → Create → Keypoints → in Active CS → x,y,z locations → 0,0 → apply
→ x,y,z locations → 1,0 → ok (Keypoints created).
Create → Lines → lines → in Active Coord → pick keypoints 1 and 2 → ok

Meshing → Size Cntrls → ManualSize → Lines → All Lines → element edge length →
0.1 → ok.
Mesh Lines → Pick All → ok.

Step 5: Solution
Solution → Analysis Type → New Analysis → Harmonic → ok.

Solution → Analysis Type → Subspace → Analysis options → Solution method →

FULL → DOF printout format → Real + imaginary → ok → (use default values) →
ok.
 Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural → Displacement → On
Keypoints → Pick first keypoint → apply → DOFs to be constrained → ALL DOF
→ ok.

Solution → Define Loads → Apply → Structural → Force/Moment → On Keypoints

→ Pick second node → apply → direction of force/mom → FY → Real part of
force/mom → 100 → imaginary part of force/mom → 0 → ok.

Solution → Load Step Opts → Time/Frequency → Freq and Substps... → Harmonic

frequency range → 0 → 100 → number of substeps → 100 → B.C → stepped → ok. Solve
→ current LS → ok (Solution is done is displayed) → close.

Step 6: TimeHist Postprocessor

Select ‘Add’ (the green '+' sign in the upper left corner) from this window → Nodal
solution - DOF solution → Y component of Displacement → ok.
Graphically select node 2 → ok.

Select ‘List Data’ (3 buttons to the left of 'Add') from the window.
'Time History Variables' window click the 'Plot' button, (2 buttons to the left of 'Add')

Step 7: Utility Menu → PlotCtrls → Style → Graphs → Modify Axis → Y axis scale →
Logarithmic → ok. Utility Menu → Plot → Replot.

This is the response at node 2 for the cyclic load applied at this node from 0 - 100 Hz

RESULT:

Thus, the harmonic analysis was analyzed and the following amplitudes were found

(i) Max deflection in 1st Amplitude: _______________

(ii) Max deflection in 2nd Amplitude: _______________

Problem Description:

Plot the function y ( x) =( x − 1).( x − 3) 2 .( x − 9) 2 using simulink

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
SIMULATION OF A FUNCTION

AIM:
To plot the function using basic Simulink block and run suspension system comparison

FORMULA USED:

The equation for a system is

y ( x) =( x − 1).( x − 3) 2 .( x − 9) 2

PROCEDURE

1. From the given function, we first sorted out all the required Simulink blocks. The
required blocks are ramp, constants, subtracts, squares, product, scope and display.
2. Ramp block acts as a multiplier for various values.
3. This ramp is well connected with all the subtracting blocks with their respective
constants & making subtracting blocks as (x-1), (x-3) & (x-9).
4. Two blocks are squared using square blocks.
5. Further, all three blocks are well connected to the product block having three inputs
and giving one output.
6. The output or result from the product block is shown in the display block. Here the
output is realized in terms of the 'y' variable.
7. Finally, the scope block is used to show the output in terms of values.

RESULT
Thus the Simulation of a plot function was performed and the results were plotted in the
Matlab Simulink.
Problem Description:

• To determine the work done by the cutting tool based on the forces during a tool
movement

GIVEN CONDITION
Distance in mm 0 20 50 60 80 100
Force in kN 60 72 65 53 44 50

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
SIMULATION FOR WORKDONE BY A CUTTING TOOL

AIM:
To determine the work done by the cutting tool using the Simulink model.

FORMULA USED:

Work Done = Force x Displacement

100
W= ∫ F ( x).dx
0

PROCEDURE:

1. Based on the given shaping machine data, we have used a Repeating Sequence block
consisting of distance and force values.

2. We have attached a sequence block with a Scope that provides input signals for Force x
Distance.

3. The sequence block is connected with an Integrator block which performs continuous-
time integration of the input signals.

4. This integrator is further connected with a Display that shows the output Work Done
value and Scope represents the Work Done x Distance plot.System whereas the green
lines represent the Mechanical System.

RESULT

Thus, using the Simulink model was done and the calculated Work Done by a machine's
cutting tool moving across 100 mm is found to be __________ J.
Problem Description:

• To create a Simulink block for a doorbell and make some arrangements for the
bell to produce sound.
• To create a situation where the switch is closed for 2 seconds and then released
and to observe the position of the plunger.

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
SIMULATION OF DOORBELL USING SOLINOID VALVE

AIM:
To perform the simulation of a doorbell using a solenoid block in Simulink

PROCEDURE:

To create a doorbell model in Simulink first we have shortlisted all the required blocks as
mentioned above.
1. The process starts with a Pulse Generator, which provides an input to the system based
on a given condition which is 2 seconds delay. Here we have used a pulse width of 50%
to get a much wider output waveform.
2. This Pulse Generator is connected to a Simulink-PS converter which converts the signals
to a physical signal.
3. This Simulink-PS converter is connected to an electrical element-based Switch which is
further connected to a Battery & a Solenoid block.
4. We have placed an Electrical Reference port (for electrical ground) along with a Solver
Configuration which defines solver settings to use for simulation.
5. The Solenoid is connected to an Ideal Translational Motion Sensor in which the physical
signal ports V and P report the velocity and position respectively. The R & C port is
connected to the R & C port of the solenoid.
6. Finally, the signals from port V & P, the motion sensor is converted to a Simulink signal
using a PS-Simulink converter.
7. The output velocity and movement of the plunger (position) can be seen through their
respective Scope plots.
Note the Blue lines represents the Electrical System whereas the green lines represent the
Mechanical System.

RESULT

Based on the model, the switch which receives electrical power from the battery and pulls
the metal arm to hit the bell producing sound. Also, have figured out the velocity and
position of the plunger for a given situation where the switch is closed for 2 seconds with
the help of plots.
Thus, the Simulink model was performed for the solenoid operated doorbell.
Problem Description:

A bicycle with a mono suspension system is considered as a spring mass damper

system. If the mass of the bicycle is 25 kg, stiffness of the spring is 2.5 N/mm and the
coefficient of damper is 5 Ns/mm.

LEFT SIDE
Ex. No:
DATE:
SIMULATION OF VIBRATION RESPONSE IN A BICYCLE

AIM:
To perform the simulation of a vibration response in a bicycle and to compare its
effectiveness with and without damper in Matlab Simulink

FORMULA USED:

The equation for a spring mass damper system is

d 2x dx
m 2 + c + kx = f (t )
dt dt
mx + cx + kx =f (t )

In terms of acceleration, the equation may be rewritten as

f (t ) c K
x = − x − x
m m m
Where,
m – Mass of the system in kg
C – Damping coefficient in Ns/mm
K – Stiffness of the spring in N/mm
x - Acceleration in mm/s2
x - Velocity in mm/s

PROCEDURE

1. Open the MATLAB application from programs

2. Choose New Simulation from the Simulink Icon
3. Click on the library and drag and drop the Blocks which has Gain function, Summation
and Integration.
4. Arrange the blocks as specified in the diagram and change its value by double clicking
it.
5. Click and drag a Step input and Scope block to view the output.
6. Connect the block by right clicking and dragging as shown in the diagram.
7. Change the Run time to 50s and click Run.

RESULT

Thus the Simulation of a vibration in a bicycle was performed and the results were plotted
in the Matlab Simulink.