CURRICULUM OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

For

Bachelor & Master Program

(Revised 2017)

HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION ISLAMABAD

 Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering Program Course
Details
Applied Physics
Course Outline

1. Measurement of Physical Quantities

2. Introduction to Mechanics
a. Rectilinear Motion
b. Vectors
c. Motion in two and three Dimension
d. Force and Motion
3. Kinetic Energy and Work
4. Coulomb’s Law
5. Electric and Magnetic Fields
6. Gauss’s Law

APPLIED CHEMISTRY
Course outline:
 Physical Chemistry: Properties of various groups and periods of periodic table.
 Atomic Structure and Interatomic bonding: Atomic structure, atomic bonding and
mechanical bonding. Polymorphism and allotropic forms. Crystallography basics.
 Basic Mechanical properties: Structure of metals and ceramics.
 Thermo-chemistry: Chemical Thermodynamics, Hess’s Law, heat of Formation and
reaction, relation between H and U, measurement of heat reaction, Bomb calorimeter
 Electrochemistry: Laws of electrolysis
 Industrial Chemistry: Industrial chemistry introduction, manufacturing and uses of
various hydrocarbons. Lubricants and oils. Production and application of paints,
vulcanized rubber and fuels. Environmental pollution and control.
 Water Treatment Methods: Water softening, treatment of water for industrial
purposes.
ENGINEERING DRAWING & GRAPHICS
Course outline:

Engineering Graphics (Theory)

1. Orthographic Projection
Principle and Methods of projection, Orthographic projection, Planes of projection, First
and Third-angle projection, Reference line
2. Projection of Points
A point is situated in the first, second, third and fourth quadrant
3. Projection of Straight Lines
Line parallel and perpendicular to one or both the planes, Line contained by one or both
the planes, Projections of lines inclined to both the planes, True length of a straight line
and its inclinations, Methods of determining traces of a line
4. Projection of Planes (2D)
Types and Traces of planes, Projections of planes, Projections of oblique planes

5. Projections on Auxiliary Planes (2D)

Types of auxiliary planes and views, Projection of a point on an auxiliary plane,
Projections of lines and planes

6. Projections of Solids (3D)

Types of solids and their projections, Projections of solids with axes inclined

7. Section of Solids (3D)

Section of planes, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres, Methods of
development, Triangulation development, Developments of lateral surfaces of right
solids

8. Isometric Projections (3D)

 Isometric axes, lines, planes, and scale, Isometric drawing or isometric view, Isometric
drawing of planes or plane figures, prisms and pyramids, cylinders, cones and sphere

Engineering Drawing (Lab):

1. Introduction
Introduction to Engineering Drawing, I. S. specification for preparation of drawings, Use
of drawing instruments and materials, Basic Tools, Lines: Types, configuration and
application, Selection of line thickness,
2. Lettering, Numbering and Dimensioning
Vertical and inclined single stroke letters, Lettering types and rules, Dimension lines,
projection lines, leaders or pointer lines, Arrow heads, Dimensioning,
3. Geometric Construction
Drawing simple geometric objects (polygon, pentagon and hexagons etc).
4. Orthographic Projections of different Solids
I-beam etc.
5. Orthographic Projections of Machine Elements
Rivets, Nut and bolts, Different kinds of threads, Lap and butt joints, Flange couplings,
Journal bearing, Open bearing, Footstep bearing, Crankshaft, Bearings

Workshop Practice
Course outline:
Fitter Shop: Assembly/disassembly of basic mechanical components,
e.g. bearings, keys, belts, etc. Basic Processes in Wood Work Shop: Timber, its defects and
preservation methods, different types of wood joints. Basics of Electric Shop: Types and
uses of cables. Study of household electrical appliances. Functions of Forge & Foundry
Shop: Brief introduction, tools and accessories, furnace types, heat treatment furnaces.
Carbon dioxide casting. Machine Shop: Introduction to machine tools, basic lathe operations
including turning, facing, screw cutting. Welding: Introduction to soldering, brazing and
welding, brief details of gas, and electric arc welding.

ENGINEERING MECHANICS-I: STATICS

Course outline:
1. Introduction to subject
2. Force System
a. Introduction to Force System
b. Rectangular components, Moment, Couple and Resultants (Two dimensional
Force systems)
3. Equilibrium
a. Mechanical system isolation and Equilibrium condition in two dimensions
b. Equilibrium Conditions-Equilibrium in three Dimensions
4. Structures
a. Plane Trusses
b. Method of joints
c. Method of Sections and Space Trusses
d. Frames and Machines
5. Friction
a. Types of Friction

ENGINEERING MATERIALS
Course Outline / Contents
1. Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering
2. Atomic Bonding
3. Structure of Crystalline Solids
4. Imperfections in Solids
5. Phase Diagrams
6. Phase Transformation and Development of Microstructures
7. Applications and Processing of Metallic Materials
8. Structure, Properties and Applications of Polymer Materials
9. Composite Materials
10. Corrosion and degradation of Materials
ENGINEERING MECHANICS-II: DYNAMICS
Course Outline
1. Introduction to subject and Basic Concepts
2. Kinematics of Particles
a. Rectilinear Motion
b. Plane Curvilinear Motion
c. Space Curvilinear Motion
d. Motion Relative to Trans Axes
e. Constrained Motion of Connected Particles
3. Kinetics of Particles
a. Second Law & Equation of Motion
b. Work and Energy
c. Linear Impulse and Momentum
d. Impact
e. Angular Momentum
4. Kinematics of Rigid Bodies
a. Plane Motion
b. Relative Velocity
c. Relative Acceleration
5. Kinetics of Rigid Bodies
a. Kinetics of Rigid Bodies

Mechanics of Materials-I
Course outline:
1. Mechanical properties of materials; tensile, compressive and shear stress & strain
2. Moment of inertia
3. Axial loading, Hooke’s law, stress strain relationship
4. Thermal stresses
5. Torsion of circular bars,
6. Pure bending of beams, shear stresses in beams
7. Shearing force and bending moment
8. Beam deflection using various methods
9. Residual stresses and stress concentration in various engineering applications
10. Analysis of statically indeterminate problems,
11. Thin and thick curved bars,
12. Thin walled pressure vessels.

THERMODYNAMICS-I
Course outline:

1. Introduction and Basic Concepts

a. First law of thermodynamics and its applications
b. System and boundary
c. Specific volume, pressure and temperature
2. Energy, Energy Transfer, and General Energy Analysis
a. Equilibrium state, processes
b. Methods to solve thermodynamics problems
3. Properties of Pure Substances
a. Phase change processes, P-v-T relation
b. Property diagrams
c. Equation of state, specific heats
d. Compressibility polytropic process relation.
4. Energy Analysis of Closed Systems
a. Energy balance of closed system
5. Mass and Energy Analysis of Control Volumes
a. Energy analysis of power, refrigeration and heat pump cycles
6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
a. Spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes
b. Thermodynamic cycles, irreversible and reversible process, and Carnot cycle
c. Clausius inequality.
7. Entropy
a. Entropy change, T-s diagram, entropy generation
b. Increase of entropy principle, entropy rate balance of closed systems and
 control volumes
c. Isentropic efficiencies

THERMODYNAMICS-II
Course outline:
1. Review of Thermodynamics I
a. Energetics
b. Efficiency
2. Exergy
a. Exergy balance
b. Exergetic efficiency
3. Gas Power Cycles
a. Air-Standard-Otto cycle
b. Diesel cycle,
c. Dual and Brayton cycle
d. Regenerative gas turbines with reheat & inter cooling
e. Combined cycles
4. Vapor and Combined Power Cycles
a. Modeling and analyzing
b. Superheat and Reheat vapor power cycles
c. Regenerative vapor power cycles
d. Other vapor cycle aspects
5. Refrigeration Cycles
a. Vapor compression refrigeration systems
b. Cascade and Multistage systems
c. Absorption refrigeration, Heat pump, and Gas refrigeration systems
6. Thermodynamic Property Relations and Gas Mixtures
a. Mixture composition
b. P-v-T relations for gas mixtures
c. U, H, S and specific heats for gas mixtures.
7. Chemical Reactions
a. Combustion process and conservation of energy in reacting systems
b. Importance of mathematical relations
8. Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
a. Equilibrium fundamentals
b. Chemical potential and equilibrium.

MACHINE DESIGN-I
Course outline:
Introduction
1. Design philosophy
2. Types of design
Mechanical behaviour of materials
1. Concepts of stress and strain
2. Different types of stress and strain in a machine element
3. Stress-strain diagram
4. Actual and permissible stresses
5. Factor of safety
Design of keys and coupling
1. Basic concepts
2. Methodology
Design of Riveted joint, Welded joints, Bolted joints
1. Basic concepts
2. Methodology
Design of Springs, Shafts
1. Basic concepts
2. Methodology
Metal fits and tolerances and Design Standards
1. Basic concepts of tolerance
2. Types of fits
3. ISO standard fits charts
Teaching Methodology
1. Lecturing
2. Written Assignments
3. Guest Speaker
4. Report Writing and Presentation

Mechanics of Material-II
Course outline:
1. Analysis of stress and strain in two and three dimensions
2. Principal stresses and strains
3. Mohr’s circle for stress and strain
4. Thick walled pressure vessels
5. Symmetrical and asymmetrical loading
6. Introduction to fracture mechanics
7. Impact loading
8. Fatigue and creep
9. Virtual work
10. Theories of elastic failure
11. Theory of columns

FLUID MECHANICS - I
Course outline:

1. Fluid Properties
a. Definition of fluid and its classification
b. Concept of continuum.
c. Properties of the fluid.
2. Fluid Statics
a. Concept of Pressure and basic equations for compressible and
incompressible
b. Pressure measurements and devices.
c. Hydrostatics forces on plane and curved surfaces.
d. Buoyancy and Stability.
e. Pressure variation in fluid with rigid body motion.
3. Fluid Kinematics
a. Flow characteristics, Descriptions of Velocity and acceleration field
(Streamlines, streak lines and path lines).
b. Control volume and representation of system.
c. Reynolds transport theorem (RTT).
4. Fluid Dynamics
a. Application of Newton’s 2nd law in fluids.
b. Total, stagnation and dynamic pressure.
c. Deriving Bernoulli equation and its applications.
5. Integral Analysis of Fluid Flow
a. Continuity equation using RTT.
b. Linear momentum equation using RTT.
c. Moment of momentum equation using RTT.
6. Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Modeling
a. Dimensional analysis
b. Buckingham Pi theorem and determination of Pi terms
7. Flow in Pipes
a. Characteristics of pipe flow laminar and turbulent.
b. Calculating friction factor and wall shear stresses.
c. Solving pipe flow network problems

FLUID MECHANICS - II
Course outline:
1. Differential Analysis of Fluid Flow
a. Deriving continuity equation by applying conservation of mass principle.
b. Evaluating velocity and acceleration field using material derivative.
c. Deriving Navier-Stokes equation and some simple analytical solution
2. Potential flow theory
a. Concept of vorticity, Circulation, Inviscid and Irrotational flow field
b. Basic velocity potential function and its superposition.
c. Prediction of Lift and drag using potential flow theory
3. Flow over immersed bodies
a. Boundary layer theory and its thicknesses.
b. Concept of local and average drag coefficient.
c. Calculating drag and lift forces due to pressure and velocity field.
4. Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
a. Finite difference formulation
b. Solving basic fluid flow problems using available CFD code.
5. Compressible Flows
a. Mach number and speed of sound
b. Isentropic flow of an ideal gas
c. Convergent divergent Nozzle
6. Turbomachinery
a. Fans, Pumps, turbines and other flow devices.
b. Deriving Euler’s equation and solving of turbo-machine problems using
velocity triangle
c. Pump and turbine performance characteristic curves.

MACHINE DESIGN-II
Course outline:
Spur, Helical, Bevel and Worm Gears
 Stress analysis on gear teeth
 Power transmission by the gears
Design of Flywheels
 Concepts of designing flywheels for different requirements
Selection of bearings
 Selection procedures of sliding contact bearings and rolling contact bearings
Design of Brake / Clutches
 Different types of clutches and designing concepts
 Different types of brakes and designing concepts
Design of Power Screws / Translation Screws
 Introduction to power / translational screws
 Stresses in power / translational screws
 Efficiency of power / translational screws
 Applications of power / translational screws
Selection of Standard Machine Elements
 Selection of flat belts, V belts, chain drive and rope drives

Instrumentation and Measurement

Course outline:

 Introduction to measurement and instrumentation. Significance of measurement,

planning of experiments, general measurement system, calibration
 Static and dynamic characteristics of instruments: measurement sensitivity, range,
accuracy, precision, repeatability, and uncertainty of instruments, measurement errors
 Measurement of length, displacement, force, torque, strain, frequency, pressure,
flow, and temperature.
 Introduction to data acquisition systems, signal conditioning, display elements.

HEAT & MASS TRANSFER

Course outline:
1. Introduction to Heat transfer
a. Review of the concepts of equilibrium, steady state, heat and thermodynamics.
b. Basic modes of heat transfer and their mechanisms.
2. Conduction
a. Deriving heat conduction equation using principle.
b. Solving heat conduction problems using equivalent electrical networks.
c. Extended surfaces and their performance parameters.
d. Transient heat conduction and lumped heat capacity method and its
corresponding electrical analogy.
3. Radiation
a. Fundamental characteristics of thermal radiation and surfaces
b. Laws of black body radiation
c. Intensity of radiation
d. Solving problems of radiative heat transfer between surfaces and enclosures
using equivalent electrical networks.
4. Convection
a. Deriving energy equation for convection
b. Heat transfer rate for laminar, turbulent and mixed boundary layers for external
flow and internal flow problems.
c. Buoyancy driven flows and their heat transfer rate for external flow problems and
enclosed spaces.
d. Heat transfer rate for phase change processes i.e. Boiling and condensation.
5. Heat Exchangers
a. Classification and types of Heat exchangers.
b. LMTD method
c. NTU-effectiveness method
6. Mass transfer
a. Fick’s law of diffusion and mass diffusivity.
b. Concept of concentration boundary layer.
c. Solving mass transfer problems using convective heat transfer analogy.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Course outline:
1. Introduction: Basic concepts of manufacturing processes
2. Casting and Moulding: Metal casting processes and equipment, Powder metallurgy,
Plastics
3. Forming: Extrusion and drawing, sheet metal forming, forming and shaping plastics
and composite materials
4. Machining: Conventional and non-conventional machining processes
5. Joining: Welding, brazing, soldering, sintering, adhesive bonding, fastening, Press
fitting
6. Additive Manufacturing: 3D Printing

CONTROL ENGINEERING
Course outline:
1. Introduction
Basics of control system, Open-loop and closed-loop control systems, Block diagram
terminology, Example of system for block diagrams, Signal flow graphs
2. Dynamic System modeling
Mechanical Translational & Rotational Systems, Electrical Active & Passive Systems,
Electromechanical Systems, Conversion of Electrical System to Equivalent Mechanical
Systems and vice versa, Thermal system and fluid systems
3. Laplace Transforms and Transfer Function
Mason Gain Formula to find transfer function, Mason’s formula application of electrical
and mechanical systems, Development of nodal equations from signal flow graph,
Development of signal flow graph from nodal equations
4. State Space Formulation
State space formulation from differential equations, State Space formulation from block
diagram and signal flow graphs, Control and Observer Canonical form of block
diagrams and state space, Types of inputs like impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal input,
 Solution of state space for different responses, System linearization and its applications
5. Time Response of 1st and 2nd Order System
Time response of the 1st and 2nd order systems (impulse, step, ramp etc.), Time
response characteristics, Frequency response of 1st and 2nd order systems, Time
response of higher order systems
6. Study of System Stability
Introduction to stability, Poles and Zeros concept, Ruth-Hurwitz stability criteria
and its applications, Concept of Root-Locus
7. Root Locus Design
Root Locus design, System stability by pole placement, Compensator Design (Lead
and Lag Compensator), Design of PID Controller (P, PI and PID Controllers), different
PID Controller
Tuning method
8. Frequency Design
Introduction to frequency plots, Bode Plots, System Stability using Bode Plots

MECHANICS OF MACHINES
Course outline:

1. Introduction to Mechanisms
Machine & Mechanisms, Mechanism Terminology, Kinematic Diagram, Kinematic
Inversion, Four Bar Mechanism, Slider Crank Mechanism, Techniques of Mechanism
Analysis
2. Vector, Position and Displacement Analysis
Motion, Vectors, Analytical Vector Methods Applied to the Displacement Analysis of
Planar Linkages, Graphical Analysis, Complex-Number Methods Applied to the
Displacement Analysis of Linkages, Spatial (Three-Dimensional) Linkages, Computer-
Implemented Numerical Methods of Position Analysis
3. Velocity Analysis of Mechanisms
Average Speed in Mechanize Mechanism, Velocity of a Point in Mechanize
Mechanism, Angular Velocity in Mechanize Mechanism, Motion of a Rigid Body about
a Fixed Axis (Without Translation), Moving Coordinate Systems and Relative Velocity,
Application of Analytical Vector and Matrix Methods to Linkages, Four-Bar Linkage,
Complex-Number Methods Applied to Velocity Analysis
4. Acceleration Analysis of Mechanisms
Planar Motion, Spatial Motion, Relative Acceleration, Analysis of a Four-Bar Linkage
by Analytical Vector Methods, Acceleration Analysis, Position Analysis, The
Acceleration Polygon, Graphical Analysis of the Four-Bar Linkage, An Analytical
Solution Based on the Acceleration Polygon, Graphical Analysis of Sliding Contact
Linkages, Trial Solution Method Applied to Linkage Acceleration Analysis, Spatial
Linkages, Acceleration Analysis of an RSSR
5. Design & Development

Mechanism Design
Time Ratio, Timing Charts, Design of Slider Crank Mechanism, Design of Crank Shaper
Mechanism, Mechanism to Move a Link Between Two Positions
Cams
Types of Cams & Followers, Follower Motion Schemes, Graphical Disk Cam Profile
Design, Pressure Angle, Design Limitations
Governors
Types of Governors, Centrifugal Governors, Porter Governors, Parallel Governors,
Spring Loaded Governors
Gears
Toothed Gearing, Gear Trains

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Course outline:
1. Pure substance properties:
a. Important properties of saturated and superheated vapours
 b. Properties of liquid-vapour mixtures
2. Refrigeration system basics:
a. basics of vapour compression system
b. Pressure-enthalpy chart
c. coefficient of Performance
d. Cycle diagrams and the simple saturated cycle
e. Single stage and multi-stage compression cycle
f. Steam jet refrigeration cycle
g. Air refrigeration cycle
3. Refrigeration system analysis:
a. vapor absorption refrigeration cycle
b. Comparison of actual and theoretical refrigeration cycle
c. Heat pump
d. Types and properties of refrigerants
e. Condensers and evaporators
f. Compressors, Refrigerant flow control devices
4. Refrigeration load estimation (Refrigeration)
a. Product load
b. Air Change load
c. Heat gain through walls
d. Internal heat gain
5. Psychrometric properties of air:
a. Composition of air
b. Dalton’s Law of partial pressure
c. Dew point temperature
d. Dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures
e. Psychrometric charts
f. Heating and humidification
g. Cooling and dehumidification
6. HVAC basics,
a. Thermal Comfort and Indoor environment Health
b. Water and vapour mixture
c. Air ventilation
d. calculation of fresh air supply of a building
e. air handling unit for untreated fresh air
f. Forced convection based air ventilator design
g. Air treatment fundamentals
h. indoor air quality
7. HVAC systems:
a. Essential components design of central air-conditioning plant
b. Water chiller and water heater
c. Air handling unit
d. Chilled water and hot water recirculation system
e. All-air systems basics
f. Single zone and reheat system
g. Variable Volume
h. Dual duct and multi-zone system
8. Heating and Cooling Load:
a. Space heating and cooling load
b. Design conditions
c. Transmission heat losses
d. Infiltration, ventilation and other heat loss and gain sources
e. Thermal radiation
f. Solar irradiation
g. Heat gain through fenestrations
h. Design conditions
i. Internal heat gain
8. Pressure loss, Duct design and Air flow balancing

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS
Course outline:
1. Introduction
a. Engineering Costs
b. Estimation Models & Cash Flow Diagram
c. Life cycle cost
2. Time value of Money
a. Time value of money, equivalence, use of spread sheet, simple and compound
interest
b. Uniform series & Arithmetic & geometric gradient
c. Nominal & effective, continuous compounding Economic criteria,
d. Present Worth, future worth and annuity
3. Rate of Return
a. Minimum acceptable rate of return(MARR),
b. Internal rate of return, External rate of return
c. Choosing the best alternative
d. Incremental Analysis
4. Benefits and Cost ratio and Payback period
a. Benefit and cost ratio (B/C Ratio), discounted benefit and cost ratio
b. Simple payback period, discounted payback period
c. Sensitivity & breakeven analysis
d. Principle of comparative advantage
5. Depreciation
a. Depreciation
b. Depreciation using Unit of Production
c. Depreciation using straight line method
d. Depreciation using Depletion
6. Taxes
a. Income Taxes, After tax RoR
7. Replacement analysis
a. Design life, salvage value
b. Up gradation Vs replacement
8. Risk and Uncertainty
a. Estimation of future events
b. Monte Carlo Simulation
c. Bayes theorem
9. Concepts of Imports and Exports
a. Basic concepts of import and export
b. Dumping and anti-dumping and related laws

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
Course outline:

1. Introduction
a. Fundamentals of Vibrations, Degrees of Freedom
b. Discrete and Continuous Systems, SHM, Vibration Analysis Procedure
2. Single Degree of Freedom Systems - Free Vibratory Systems
a. Newton’s Method, Energy Method
b. Viscously Damped Free Vibration
c. Logarithmic Decrement, Springs and dampers in Combination
3. Single Degree of Freedom Systems – Forced Vibratory Systems
a. Forced Harmonic Vibration, Rotating Unbalance
b. Base Excitation, Vibration Isolation, Energy Dissipation by Damping
c. Whirling of Rotating shafts
4. Transient Vibration
a. Impulse Response Function, Response to an Arbitrary Input
5. Systems with Two Degrees of Freedom
a. The Normal Mode Analysis, Free Vibration Analysis of an Undamped Systems
b. Coordinate Coupling, Free Vibration Analysis of Damped systems
c. Forced Harmonic Vibration of an Undamped Systems
d. Forced Harmonic Vibration of Damped Systems
6. Multi Degree of Freedom Systems
a. Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors, Dunkerley’s Method,
Rayleigh’s Method
b. Influence co-efficients, Matrix Iteration Method
 c. Stodola’s Method, Holzer’s Method

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Course outline
1. Introduction to I.C engines:
a. History of I.C engine development
b. Engine classifications
c. Engine components and terminologies
d. Working principle of turbo-charged, supercharged engine, its performance
characteristics.
2. SI & CI engines systems:
Basic engine cycle and operation
a. Two and four stroke engines
b. Engine operating characteristics (engine speed, compression ratio,
sfc, A/F, F/A, etc)
c. Engine parameters (efficiency, MEP, Power, torque, etc)
d. Carburetors
e. Fuel injectors
f. Ignition system
g. Electronic control unit, Engine management system
h. Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle and their comparison
3. Fuel and combustion:
a. Hydrocarbon fuels and their properties
b. Thermochemistry and Chemical equilibrium
c. Self-ignition and engine knock
d. Ignition delay
e. Octane and Cetane Numbers
4. Gas exchange processes and mixture preparation:
a. Intake Manifold
b. Volumetric efficiency
c. Intake valves
d. Variable valve Control
e. Fuel injection, EFI systems (PFI, MPFI, GDI and Common- rail)
f. Super-charging and turbo-charging
g. Fluid Motion within combustion chamber
h. Turbulence, Swirl, Squish and Tumble
i. Crevice Flow and blowby
5. Combustion in SI and CI engines:
a. Ignition and flame development
b. abnormal combustion and knock
c. Spark timing and Maximum brake torque spark timing
d. Diesel Fuel injection and mixture preparation
e. Phases of combustion and ignition delay
f. Injection timing, injection pressure
g. common rail fuel injection
6. Exhaust Flow:
a. Turbocharging
b. Exhaust manifold
c. Exhaust gas recirculation
7. Pollution control,
a. engine emissions
b. pollutant formation
c. after treatment
d. catalytic converters
e. soot traps
8. Heat Transfer in Engines and engine cooling system
9. Friction and Lubrication of engine, Lubrication systems

INTRODUCTION TO FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Course outline:

a. Introduction to FEA and Element Performance

b. Introduction to Finite Element Modeling and preliminary decisions
c. Elements types and their properties
d. Basic concepts of equilibrium & compatibility
e. General factors affecting element performance – Sources of errors
f. Convergence.
2. FE Methods, Shape Functions, Stiffness Matrix and Transformation
a. Direct Stiffness Method, Energy Methods
b. Shape Function: Linear and Quadratic Element
c. Beam Elements, Truss Elements, Linear and Planar elements
d. Stiffness matrix, Local to Global Co-ordinate Transformation Assembly
3. Static Structural Analysis
 Modeling and analysis of 1D, 2D and 3D structures under static loading
4. Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress Analysis:
a. Introduction to Heat transfer, Thermal and Thermal Stress analysis concepts
b. Selection of Boundary Conditions based on the identification of problem
c. Thermal Analysis (Steady State)
d. Thermal stress Analysis
5. Dynamic Analysis
a. Introduction to different types of dynamic analysis
b. Modal Analysis, Frequency Response Analysis, Transient Response Analysis,
Master Degrees of Freedom

POWER PLANTS
Course outline:

Introduction
Review of mass and energy balances for steady flow devices, energy sources and
classification; Fossil fuels; composition, ranking and analysis; combustion calculations;
environmental pollution
Steam Generators and Turbines Combustion equipment and firing methods, boiler types
and their applications; boiler components, boiler operation and safety, water treatment.
Impulse and reaction turbines; Pressure and Velocity Compounding, Turbine governing and
controls Steam Powerplants Rankine Cycle, Superheat, Reheat; Regenerative Cycle, Open
Type Feed Water Heaters (FWH), Closed Type FWHs with Drains Cascaded Backwards
and Pumped Forward
Gas Turbine Powerplants Gas turbine (Brayton) cycle, regeneration, intercooling
Combined Cycle Powerplants Topping and bottoming cycles, combined cycle efficiency
Cogeneration Cogeneration of power and process heat, Back Pressure and Extraction
Turbines
Diesel Engine Powerplant General layout, Site selection criterion, performance
characteristics & environmental impact consideration Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear fuels,
nuclear reaction types, Components, reactor types, Site selection criterion, safety and
environmental considerations
Renewable Energy Powerplants Introduction to Solar, Wind, Hydro and Geothermal
Powerplants
Powerplant Economics and Management Effect of variable load, load curve, economics of
thermal power plants, energy conservation and management
SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT

Course outline:
1. Introduction of Health and Safety: Industrial Safety: introduction objectives of Safety,
Importance of Safety in an industry, Industrial accidents, Effects of accidents, Types of
accidents incidence of fire. Fire prevention and control.
2. Techniques of Safety Management: Principles of accident prevention, hazard
analysis. Legal, humanitarian and economic reason for action. Safety inspection
procedures. Safety training, First aid and emergency procedures.
3. Environment and Health: Introduction: importance of clean environment, Scale of
Environmental Pollution. Environmental Act. Health and Safety Act.
4. Atmospheric Pollution: Types of Atmospheric pollution, Their Causes and Effects on
Human Health, Available Technologies for Controlling Pollution.
5. Industrial Waste: Solid Waste, Industrial Effluents and Waste Gases, waste
treatment plants.
6. Noise Pollution: Measurement of Noise level, Effect of excessive noise on human
health. Remedial Measures.
7. ISO Standards for Safety and Health and Environment
ELECTIVE COURSES
Technical Electives

1. Renewable Energy Technology

Introduction to types of renewable energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy,
ocean thermal energy, tidal wave and geothermal energy, biomass energy. Fuel cell and heat
pump systems, energy efficiency issues and energy storage. Potential of using renewable
energy resources as supplement of conventional energy resources.
Renewable and non-renewable energies used as hybrid energy systems, Modern renewable
energy plants.
Wind energy, wind turbine design specifications, compatible electric generators and major
operational issues of the wind mill for electric power generation. Wind mills design usage for
pumping water.
Biomass energy conversion methods, detailed description of biomass energy conversion
plant, operational and maintenance problems and their remedies.

3. Aerodynamics
Introduction, aerodynamics of incompressible flow, compressible and ideal fluid flow, aerofoil
theory, finite wing aerodynamics, blade element theory and aircraft propellers, Cascade
aerodynamics, jet propulsion, intake and nozzle performance, aircraft performance
measurement.

4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Types of ordinary and partial differential equations, solution of equation sets, boundary value
and initial value problems, control volume approach, time stepping, accuracy, stability,
consistency, linearization, diffusion, dispersion, vorticity stream function and primitive variable
formulations. Turbulence modeling. Examples of external flow across various configuration,
internal flows through pipes, ducts and valves.

5. Maintenance Engineering
Introduction and types: Preventive maintenance, its objectives, benefits and economics,
inspection and implementation. Routine maintenance and monitoring of fault indicators, main
concepts and implementation. Proper assembly/disassembly, alignment aspects, machine
handling. Record keeping and maintenance scheduling, stocking spares and cost
effectiveness, safety in maintenance. Basic repairs of electro-mechanical equipment, fault
diagnosis and assessment. Introduction to predictive maintenance. Condition base
monitoring.
Basic Repairs. Replacement/refurbishment of defectiveness parts e.g. bearings, brakes,
shafts.

6. Introduction to Mechatronics
Sensors. transducers, transducer characteristics, sensors for measuring displacement,
strain, force, pressure, temperature and motion.
Actuators. Motors and their types. Stepper motors. Permanent magnet DC motors. Servo
Systems.
Interfacing. Ports, Input/Output, Analog to Digital converter, sampling theory, Digital to
Analog converter. Sample and hold, multiplexer. Interfacing switches, LEDs, stepper motors
and DC motors to micro- controllers.

7. Automation and Robotics

Robotics: Basic concepts in robotics, classification and structure of robotic system,
drive and control system, coordinate transformation, kinematics dynamic analysis and
trajectory interpolation, interfacing with micro controllers and PLCs, applications of
robots.
Robotics and Automated Guided Vehicles. Basic robot motion, path control, robot drive
system sensors, robot-computer interface, robot programming, Automated Guided Vehicles
(AGV) types.
Programmeable logic controller (PLC). Basics components and terminologies, ladder diagram
elements, relay sequencing, processor input and output modules, programming unit and
programming procedures with machines or assembly language.
Microcontroller. Basic elements of microcontroller, types of microcontroller, microprocessor
and PLC, overview of architecture and principles of operations, assembly, machine and high
level programming languages for microcontroller, input and output peripherals for specific
application in mechanical engineering with interfacing techniques. Actuators, sensor, input
signals, output signals, signal conditioning.
Automations: Introduction to automations, automation strategies, economics of automations,
partial automations, group technology and flexible manufacturing. Use of sensors and
actuators in automations.

8. Tribology
Friction, wear mechanism, wear debris classification, surface roughness, friction and
wear measurement techniques, lubrication of sliding and rolling parts. Types of
lubricants, grades and their properties; theories of lubrication, oil whirl, Hydrodynamic
and elasto-hydrodynamics lubrication of journal bearing. Solid lubricants, self-
lubricating fuel, tribology in manufacturing, tribology in automobiles.
9. Nuclear Engineering
Review of nuclear physics, reactor physics, reactor heat transport. Types of nuclear
reactors, and power plants. Reactor material. Nuclear fuels, enrichment and
reprocessing; handling of fuels. Safety aspects.

10. Mechanical Engineering Design

Philosophy and concept of engineering design. Engineering creativity, phases and
procedure in design. Management of engineering project. Computer aided design.
Modeling and similitude, optimization and reliability. Application of industrial design
codes.

10. Project Management

Fundamental principles; Project life cycle; Project organization and human resource
management; PM planning; Work breakdown structure; Estimating time and cost;
Precedence relationships; Project scheduling and control techniques; Project risk
analysis; Time compression and resource leveling; Computerized project management;
special software packages
 SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR MASTER IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
List of Courses
S.No Course Title

1 Advanced Manufacturing Processes

2 System Dynamics and Controls
3 Advanced Solid Mechanics
4 Theory of Plates and Shells
5 Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machines
6 Casting and Solidification of Materials
7 Materials for High Temperature Applications
8 Advanced Turbomachinery
9 Welding & Nondestructive Testing
10 Advanced Power Plant Systems
11 Project Management
Advanced Manufacturing Processes Course Outline
Fundamentals and advanced techniques related to manufacturing processes. Applied
aspects of manufacturing processes, a sound analytical basis for some of the processes will
be taught. Through the use of analytical approaches you will learn how to control a
manufacturing process for optimal production. This course builds a foundation of capability
for the solution, analysis and synthesis of a wide variety of manufacturing problems.

System Dynamics and Controls Course Outline

Introduction to Process Control; Process Dynamics and Laplace Transform; First Order
Systems; Second Order Systems; Inverse Response and Time Delay; Frequency Domain;
Linearization and Nonlinear Systems; Stability; Process Identification; Feedback Control
Systems; Conventional Design; Inverse Response and Time Delay; Feed forward, Inverse
Response, and Time Delay; Model-based Control; Digital Control - Sampling; Z Transforms
and Digital Block Diagrams; Digital Controller Design; Model Predictive Control; Multivariable
Control; RGA and Modal Analysis; SVD and Decoupling; Multivariable Examples.

Advanced Solid Mechanics Course Outline

Review of mechanics of materials, Stress transformations, general 3D
stress state, Mohr's circle in 3D, strain transformations, generalized stress-strain relationship,
equilibrium and compatibility, introductory topics from theory of elasticity, Airy stress
functions, Prandtl's stress functions for torsion, shear flow, torsion of thin-walled tubes,
bending of unsymmetrical beams: stress & deflection, transverse shear, composite beams in
bending, curved beams, bending of thin flat plates, axisymmetric circular plates in bending,
thick-walled cylinders & rotating disks, contact stresses, distributed contact surfaces, contact
between curved surfaces. Energy techniques.

Theory of Plates and Shells Course Outline

Preliminaries of linear, three-dimensional elasticity theory, Reduction of the elasticity theory
to theories of plates and shells, Anisotropy, Nonlinear theories, Effects of discontinuities on
the stress distribution in plates and shells, Design construction features of plates and shells,
Applications.

Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machines Course Outline

Introduction to vibration technology, Vibration, causes and its effects on machine life,
Maintenance philosophies, condition monitoring technologies, Vibration as a predictive
maintenance tool, Components of Vibration Analysis (VA) Program and its additional
applications, components of a mechanical system, free(without and with damping) and forced
(without and with damping) single, two and multiple degree of freedom system, characteristic
of Vibration including amplitude, frequency and phase analysis with their significance in VA,
Vibration Severity Standards and guidelines, setting of machine alarms, bearing and gears
fault diagnosis techniques like spike energy and Peak Value, vibration transducers including
displacement probes, velocity pickups and accelerometers, their construction, selection and
mounting techniques, Vibration frequency analyzers, FFT spectrum analysis, spectral
parameters of FFT, directional and non-directional vibrations, identification of most common
machinery problems using FFT spectrum like unbalance, misalignment, looseness,
resonance, aerodynamic/hydraulic problems of pumps and fans, bearing and gear problems,
drive belt problems, rotor and stator problems in electric motor, eccentricity and bent shaft
problems, general consideration and pitfalls, implementation of a successful predictive
maintenance program.

18
Computational Fluid Dynamics Course Outline
Governing Differential Equations: continuity, momentum, turbulence and energy balance
equations; The generic form of governing equations.; Basic steps for numerical solution:
geometry definition, grid, boundary conditions, solutions, post-processing; Finite Difference
Method in CFD: Forward, Backward, Central Difference and Upwind Schemes for advection-
diffusion and wave equations, discussion of round- off and numerical errors and stability of
various schemes; Finite Volume Method in CFD: General guidelines and various interpolation
schemes, derivation of discretization equations for diffusion, advection-diffusion and full
Navier-Stokes Equations; pressure-velocity coupling algorithms, SIMPLE, SIMPLER,
SIMPLEC etc, Implementation of boundary conditions, discussion of methods of solution,
convergence and tools for accelerating convergence. Introduction to Finite Element Method
for CFD: element shapes and shape functions, derivation of finite element equations for
potential flow using weighted residual approach. An introduction to modern commercial and
open-source CFD codes and practical case studies using these codes.

Casting and Solidification of Materials

Course Outline
Melt Interactions. Fluid Dynamics, Mould Dynamics and Solidification Dynamics. Solidification
Shrinkage. Near-net-shape Processes. Linear Contraction and Casting Accuracy. Structure,
Defects and Properties of the Finished Casting. Case Studies in Mathematical Modelling and
Solidification Processing.

Materials for High Temperature Applications Course Outline

Introduction and Elevated temperature characteristics of engineering materials, Corrosion at
elevated temperatures, High temperature creep, thermal and thermomechanical fatigue of
structural alloys, Elevated temperature crack growth and creep-fatigue interaction, Elevated
temperature mechanical characteristics of carbon alloy steels and Stainless steels, Elevated
temperature corrosion properties of carbon alloy steels and Stainless steels, Elevated
temperature mechanical and corrosion properties of high alloy cast steels, Super-alloys: their
processing, high temperature mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, microstructural
degradation behavior of super alloys, Titanium and titanium alloys, Refractory metals, alloys
and Structural inter-metallic.

Advanced Turbomachinery Course Outline

Principle of operation of gas turbines, work done and pressure rise,
diffuser, compressibility effects, non-dimensional quantities for plotting compressor
characteristics, computerized design procedures, factors affecting stage pressure ratio,
degree of reaction, 3D flow, design process, blade design, calculation of stage performance,
vortex theory, choice of blade profile, pitch and chord, blade cooling, radial flow turbine, off
design performance of single shaft gas turbine, free turbine engine and jet engine,
incorporation of variable pressure losses, prediction of performance of turbo-machinery.

Welding & Non-destructive Testing Course Outline

Welding techniques, Manual Arc Welding, Gas Shielded Arc Welding, Submerged Arc
Welding, Microstructure of Weld and Heat-Affected Zones, Pre- and Post-Weld Heat
Treatments, Weld Joint Design, Welding of aluminum alloys, Non-destructive testing:
Radiography, Magnetic- particle inspection, Fluorescent die-penetration inspection,
Principles and Applications of Ultrasonic Inspection, Eddy current inspection.

Advanced Power Plant Systems Course Outline

Layout of thermal power plants; Containment buildings; Primary containment vessels;
Structure of reactor core; and mechanical stress in various structures. Description and
analysis of power plant systems and components19 including steam generator, steam dryer
and separator, pressurizer, reheater, heat exchanger, condenser, demineralizer, pumps,
turbine, generator, cooling tower; Auxiliary cooling systems. Fuel handling mechanisms;
Control and mechanisms; Radiation waste systems; Electrical Systems; Reactor grid
interface and load following. Basic considerations in nuclear plant design; Components of
nuclear power cost; Economic comparison of nuclear and fossil fuelled plants; Dual and
multipurpose nuclear power plants; Future trends in nuclear power cost.

Project Management Course Outline

Introduction to project management, Strategic relevance of project management, Project
Management in the organizational context, How projects come into being, Project selection
techniques and project portfolios, Project initiation, Project planning, Project implementation,
Project monitoring and control, Project leadership, communication and teamwork,
Performance Monitoring and Evaluation, Cultural issues in project management, Case
studies of project management, Application of Microsoft Project/ Primavera

Renewable Energy Systems Course Outline

Solar irradiation, its nature and measurement, Insulation on tiled surfaces, Application of the
principle of heat transfer and thermodynamics to the theoretical and experimental analysis of
solar energy components used in the heating and cooling of buildings as well as hot water
heating devices. Theoretical consideration of thermal storage devices, solar collectors and
solar-augmented heat pumps, Approximate techniques and other research topics.
Renewable and non-renewable energies used as hybrid energy systems, modern renewable
energy plants. Wind energy, wind turbine design specifications, compatible electric
generators and major operational, wind mills design usage for pumping water. Biomass
energy conversion methods, detailed description of synthetic gas, biodiesel, biomass and
biogas, operational and maintenance problems and their remedies.

Theory of Plasticity Course Outline

Stress strain curve, General theorems, Solution of plastic-elastic problems, Plane plastic-
strain and theory of the slip-line field, Two- dimensional problems of steady motion, Non-
steady motion problems in two dimensions.

Theory of Elasticity Course Outline

Review of concepts of stress & strain, Index notation, Plane stress and plane strain, problems
in rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates, Two dimensional problems in curvilinear
coordinates, Analysis of stress and strain in three dimensions, General theorems, Elementary
problems of elasticity in three dimensions, Torsion, Bending of bar, Thermal stress,
Application of finite difference equation in elasticity

Reliability and Quality Engineering Course Outline

Reliability Measures: The reliability Function; Expected Life; Failure Rate and Hazard
Function; Reliability and Hazard Function for distributions such as Exponential; Normal, Log
Normal, Weibull, and Gamma Distributions; Hazard Models and Product Life; Constant Hazard
Function, Linearly Increasing Hazard Function, Piecewise Linear Bathtub Hazard Function,
Power Function Model, Exponential Model. Static Reliability Model: Series System, Parallel
System, Series & Parallel Combinations, Complex System Analysis, Reliability Considerations
in Design. Reliability Modelling and Design: Series Parallel System, Reliability Considerations
in Design. Reliability Design Methodology, Strength and Stress Distributions, Safety Factors
and Reliability, Reliability Bounds in Probabilistic Design, Error Analysis, Statistical
Tolerancing. Reliability in Design and Testing: Dynamic Reliability Models, Reliability
Estimation, Sequential Life Testing, Bayesian Reliability in Design and Testing, Reliability
Optimization. Control Charts: Properties of the distribution of sample means, control charts for
mean & range, control charts for mean & standard deviation, control charts for proportion
defective & defects per assembly, Tests of significance to compute confidence limits.
Acceptance Sampling: Introduction, OC curve, consumer & producer risks, AQL & LTPD,
acceptance sampling for continuous production, 20 acceptance by variables, single, double, &
sequential sampling. Quality, Reliability, & Maintainability: Definitions, management of quality
control, economic aspects of quality decisions, capability & variability analysis, various aspects
of life testing, reliability, & maintainability, Introduction to ISO standards.