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Unit 1 Class Notes Advanced Materials

The document discusses metallic materials used in extreme environments including super alloys, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel alloys, and intermetallics. It also discusses materials for cryogenic applications and applications in space environments. It introduces metallic foams and evaluating materials performance in extreme conditions.

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laxmana raju
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139 views

Unit 1 Class Notes Advanced Materials

The document discusses metallic materials used in extreme environments including super alloys, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, nickel alloys, and intermetallics. It also discusses materials for cryogenic applications and applications in space environments. It introduces metallic foams and evaluating materials performance in extreme conditions.

Uploaded by

laxmana raju
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT– I:

METALS & ALLOYS: Metallic materials- super alloys, Aluminium, Magnesium, titanium and
Nickel based alloys and inter-metallics, Materials for cryogenic application, Materials for space
environment, Evaluation of materials for extreme environment, Introduction to metallic foams.

METALS & ALLOYS

Metallic materials:

Super alloys: an alloy capable of withstanding high temperatures, high stresses, and often
highly oxidizing atmospheres.

Introduction
Beyond the assembling of components laser welding procedures are also
increasingly applied in steel manufacturing. Reasons for this trend are: high
joining velocities, concentrated heat input resulting in extremely thin heating
zones, and nearly constant seam geometries along the welding line. So, for
example, welding aggregates are installed at the beginning of electrolytic or hot-
galvanizing manufacturing lines to join coils of different thickness or grade for
continuous production, cf. Figure 1. To minimize shutdowns welding must be
extremely reliable, since the joining zone of the ’endless strip’ has to resist high
thermal and mechanical loads, such subsequent annealing, bending and tension.
Failures lead to technical breakdowns, repairs, and loss of production, which
should be avoided as much as possible. Moreover, the welding process must be
such robust that material with imperfections, such as oxidations ormaterials
ripples,would be also accurately joined. Welding defects, for instances cracks,
pores or seam shrinkages, cf. Figure 2, lead to reduction of the cross-sectional
area and, therefore, represent critical regions w. r. t. damage and failure. From the
engineering point-of-view it is essential to know, whether residual stresses or
heat-induced degradations of the materials strength following from joining
become critical or not. This question can be answered by e.g. extensive
experimental investigations, during which material combinations, geometries (i.e.,
thickness) and welding parameters such as joining velocity, welding power or
laser caustic are varied. Subsequent tensile tests of the different seams yield the
critical strength, which is compared with the loading conditions of the production
line. However, such experiments are time-consuming and, therefore, expensive.
Moreover, the derived predictions only hold for the used materials, geometries
and investigated process parameters; extrapolations of the results beyond these
conditions are not possible. Consequently, it is desirable to have a general
framework, which allows for the prediction of the thermal and mechanical
material response following from an arbitrary choice.

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