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Engine Emissions and Control

Here is the ppt of how to control engine Emissions from gasoline vehicle.

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ridermradul
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42 views

Engine Emissions and Control

Here is the ppt of how to control engine Emissions from gasoline vehicle.

Uploaded by

ridermradul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Topic  Engine Emission And Control

Submitted By -- ATUL KASHYAP Submitted To --


Mechanical
ROLL NUMBER -- 2101450400001 Department

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 3rd YEAR


Conte
nt
1. Introduction of Engine Emission

2. Types of Engine Emission

3. Effects of engine emission on environment

4. Methods of Controlling Emission


a. Catalytic Converter Construction and working
b. Selective Catalytic reduction
c. Diesel oxidation Catalyst

5. Conclusion.
Engine Emission→

• Engine emission refers to the harmful gases and Particles that are
released into the air as byproducts of Combustion in engine.

• Which mix with the atmospheric air and pollute the air.
Types of Engine Emissions

(1). Exhaust Emissions →

• Exhaust emission are a mixture of different harmful gases such as CO , CO₂


, NO , NO2 , SO2 , SO3 Unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), Particulates matter, soot and
smoke.

• These gases and particle emitted byproducts of Combustion in engines.


(2). Non-Exhaust Emission / Evaporative Emission

• In the engine, mainly the fuel directly Vaporizes from the fuel
tank and Carburetor and gets mixed in to the atmospheric air, this
type of emission is called evaporative Emission.
Effects of engine emission
on environment

1. Global Warming

Global Warming refers to the long term


increase in Earth's average temperature due to
toxic gases such as CO₂, CH4, Nitrous oxide
2. Acid rain

Acid rain is rainfall or any other form of Precipitation that becomes acidic due to
the presence of harmful gases like Sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx) in the atmosphere
3.Climate change

Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in Earth's climate


patterns over extended periods, often attributed to human activities. It involves
alterations in temperature, precipitation, and various other environmental factors,
impacting ecosystems, weather patterns, and human societies globally. The
primary cause of contemporary climate change is the release of greenhouse gases,
such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, largely due to human activities
like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes.
Method of Controlling Emission

Catalytic Converter →

• A Catalytic Converter is an exhaust emission Control device which converts


toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an ic engine. into less toxic
pollutants by Catalyzing a redox reaction.

• Generally, Catalytic Converters are called three way Converters because they
are used to reduce the concentration of CO , HC and NOx in the exhaust.
1. The outer shell of the Catalytic Converter is usually made of
stainless steel or another heat resistant material.

2. Inside this Container, there is a substrate or support material


that holds the Catalyst This substrate is often a ceramic or metallic
honeycomb structure with a large surface area.

3. The Catalyst Composed of precious metal like Platinum,


Palladium, and rhodium is applied as a thin wash coat onto the
substrate. These metals act as the Catalyst for the chemical
reactions.
4. Palladium and platinum promote the oxidation of CO and HC.
CO + ½ O2 → CO2

Cx Hy + 20₂ → xCO₂ + yH₂O

5. Rhodium promotes the reaction of NOx (Nitrogen oxide).


NO + CO → CO₂

2NO + 5CO + 3H₂O → 2NH₃ +5CO2

2NO + CO → N₂O + CO2

NO + H2 → ½ N2 + H₂O

2NO + 5H2 → 2NH3 + 2H2O


2. Selective Catalytic reduction [SCR] →

• Selective Catalytic reduction is an advanced active emissions Control


technology system that uses a urea-based diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) and a
Catalytic Converter to significantly. reduce oxide of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.

• The DEF sets off a chemical reaction that Converts nitrogen oxides in to
nitrogen, water. and tiny amount of Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

• It is called selective because it reduces levels of NO, using ammonia as a


reductant within a catalyst system.

• The DEF can be rapidly broken down to produce the oxidizing ammonia in
the exhaust stream.

• SCR Technology alone can achieve NOx reductions up to 90 percent.


Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)

• Diesel oxidation catalyst are catalytic converters designed specifically for diesel
engines equipment to reduce co, HC and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions.

• DOC's are simple, inexpensive, maintenance free and suitable for all types and
applications of diesel engines.

• Modern Catalytic Converters consist of a monolith honeycomb structure Coated


with platinum metal catalyst. it is packed in a stainless steel Container.

• The honeycomb structure with many small parallel channels presents a Contact
area to exhaust gasses.

• As the hot gases Contact the Catalyst, several exhaust pollutants are Converted
into harmless substance such as CO2, and H2O
CO + O → CO₂
HC + O₂ → H₂O + CO₂
DPM + O₂ → H₂O + CO₂.
NO + O2 → NO2
CONCLUSION
Engine emissions are a significant contributor to air pollution,
releasing various pollutants harmful to human health and the
environment. Efforts to reduce emissions involve technological
advancements, such as catalytic converters and cleaner fuel sources,
as well as regulations aimed at limiting pollutant output from
vehicles and industries. Constant innovation and stricter policies are
crucial to minimizing the adverse effects of engine emissions on our
planet.

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