IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 9, Issue 6, Ver. II (Nov - Dec. 2014), PP 45-49
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Future of Mobile Communication 5G: Perspectives, Challenges

and Services.
Tondare S.M1, Kejkar A.S2, Deshpande R.D3.
1, 3
(E&TC Department,Sandipani Technical Campus Faculty of Engineering, Latur ,India)
2
(E&TC Department, VAPM Almala, latur, India)

Abstract: The evolution towards 5G mobile communication networks will be characterized by increasing
number of wireless devices, service complexity and the requirement to access mobile services ubiquitously. This
article presents an overview of future mobile communication generation (5G) with its Perspectives, Challenges
and Services. Morever we propose novel network architecture for next generation 5G mobile networks with
evolution of HETNET Architecture (5G). It serves with its key elements as Small cells, MULTI-RAT, D2D
communication and Cloud-RAN to ensure users with Quality of service (QoS) requirement in a spectrum &
energy efficient manner.
Keywords: 5G, Heterogeneous networks, Multi-RAT, D2D communication, Cloud RAN, Quality of Service
(QoS).

I. Introduction
With rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly the
wireless communication technology it is becoming very necessary to overlook wireless technologies that will
meet the requirement of continuous increase in users. In just the past 10 years, we have seen a great evolution of
wireless services which we use every day. With the exponential evolution, there has been equally exponential
growth in use of the services, taking advantage of the recently available bandwidth around the world. As per
market survey data usage around the world exceeding 7 billion by 2013 [1-2]. It should surprise no one that the
Smartphone revolution is fuelling this growth, and by 2017, three fourth of all mobile devices in the world will
be smart phones [3]. As mobile networks expand to accommodate new types of connected devices and
corresponding services – from electricity meters to cars to household appliances to communication that supports
industry applications – new and widely varying requirements are placed on them. A one technology fits all
solution will therefore likely not be the most efficient option. Rather, today’s wide area technologies will
continue to evolve, resulting in enhanced system performance and extended capabilities. They will also be
complemented with other technologies for particular use cases that are difficult to address with evolved versions
of today’s technologies. The seamless integration of such complementary technologies with evolved 3G and 4G
will bring a new consumer experience and enable the introduction of a host of new services.
With increase in number of users, demanding for high speed data rates and advanced applications,
communication industries are approaching towards next generation system i.e. 5th generation wireless system.
5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) denotes the next major phase of mobile
telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G is also referred to as beyond
2020 mobile communications technologies. 5G does not describe any particular specification in any official
document published by any telecommunication standardization body.
The evolution of LTE will be fundamental to this future, as will the evolution of HSPA and Wi-Fi.
Even GSM will play an important role, continuing to be an important RAT in many parts of the world – even
beyond 2020. Hence 5G is not about replacing existing technologies but rather about evolving them and
complementing them with new RATs for specific scenarios and use cases [4].
5G wireless uses OFDM and millimeter wireless that enables data rate of 20 mbps and frequency band
of 2-8 GHz. 5G is going to be a packed based network . The 5G communication system is envisioned as the real
wireless network, capable of supporting wireless World Wide Web (wwww) applications in 2010 to 2015 time
frame. The 5G technology provides the mobile phone users more features and efficiency than the 1000 lunar
module. A user of mobile phone can easily hook their 5G technology gadget with laptops or tablets to acquire
broadband internet connectivity. Up till now following features of the 5G technology have come to surface-
High resolution is offered by 5G for extreme mobile users, it also offers bidirectional huge bandwidth.- 5G
technology’s excellent quality service is based on Policy in order to evade errors.- It provides transporter class
type gateway that has unequalled steadiness.- The 5G technology’s billing interface is highly advanced making
it efficient and appealing.- It offers huge quantity of broadcasting data, which is in Giga Bytes, sustaining more
than 60,000 connections.- This technology also provides remote diagnostic feature.- Provides up to 25
megabytes per second connectivity. Also it supports the private virtual networks [5].

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 Future of Mobile Communication 5G: Perspectives, Challenges and Services.

II. Evolution of 5G Architecture

Today’s 3G and 4G networks are designed primarily with a focus on peak rate and spectral efficiency
improvements. In the 5G Era, we will see a shift towards network efficiency with 5G systems based on dense
Het-Net architectures. Het-Nets are among the most promising low-cost approaches to meet the industry’s
capacity growth needs and deliver a uniform connectivity experience [6]. Fig.1 shows the architecture of
propose HET-NET network.

Fig.1. Proposed HET-NET architecture

Het-Net comprises a group of small cells that supports aggressive spectrum spatial reuse. However,
HetNets will be architected to incorporate an increasingly diverse set of frequency bands within a range of
network topologies, including macrocells in licensed bands (e.g., LTE) and small cells in licensed or unlicensed
bands (e.g., WiFi). New higher frequency spectrum (e.g., mm-wave) may also be deployed in small cells to
enable ultra-high-data rate services. In addition to small cells, client devices will become an integral part of the
5G Era network. Together, small cells and D2D communication will form a new underlay tier of low-cost
infrastructure that complements the coverage and capacity of conventional cellular networks. Cost and
flexibility of deployment will also be important factors in 5G networks, requiring a shift toward software-based
implementations and virtualization technologies. In particular, 5G systems will be able to create multiple virtual
core networks tailored to the specialized requirements of particular applications. For example, the system could
feature a virtual core network to support M2M, a separate virtual core network to support over-the-top Internet
content, and another virtual core network to support operator- differentiated media services, all of which can be
configured by dynamically utilizing the network resources from the same or different networks.

III. Het-Net Key Elements And Perspectives

3.1 Small Cells
With mobile traffic expected to be double annually, one of the effective solution to operate with high
dense traffic is to reduce the size of cell. With faster radio access with LTE & LTE-Advanced will go a long
way to meet the demands and is not enough to upgrade macro network capacity alone. Therefore the
development & deployment of a small cells to provide capacity for indoor, outdoor and for business. In 5G
HetNets, macro and small cells may be connected to each other via ideal or non-ideal backhaul, resulting in
different levels of coordination across the network for mobility and interference management. Increasing
degrees of network cooperation, from loose network node coordination to completely centralized control, will
provide increasing levels of network capacity. When access to ideal backhaul is not available, anchor-booster
architecture may be used to coordinate between macro and small cells. In this architecture, the macro cell
operates as an anchor base station, and is primarily responsible for control and mobility, while the small cell
operates as a booster base station and is mainly responsible for offloading data traffic [6]. The separation of data
and control plane in anchor booster architecture eases the integration of other RATs, such as WiFi or future mm-
wave RATs, as booster cells within the LTE framework.

3.2 Multi-RAT
5G networks are expected to support multiple RATs with overlapping coverage deployed as part of a
single multi-radio HetNet, creating rich opportunities for intelligently combining and aggregating capacity
across the different RATs. To accomplish this, 5G systems will need to support end-to-end network
architectures and protocols that seamlessly combine multiple RATs and technologies (operating over licensed,
unlicensed, and higher-frequency bands) together into a single virtual RAN, and do so in a manner transparent
to the end users. An integrated virtual radio network will enable joint management and simultaneous use of
radio resources across different radio technologies to significantly improve radio capacity, and enhance
coverage and wireless link reliability. It will also ensure seamless application sessions across the virtual radio

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 Future of Mobile Communication 5G: Perspectives, Challenges and Services.

network by enabling simultaneous transport and dynamic switching of application flows and radio bearers over
multiple physical radio networks [6].

3.3 D2D Communication

D2D is a new paradigm to enhance network performance in cellular network. These are classified
based on spectrum in which D2D classification occurs as D2D communication enables the exchange of data
traffic directly between user equipment without the use of base station or core network other than for assistance
in setting up direct connections [6]. In absence of network coverage ,D2D communication supports new usage
models based on the proximity of users, including peer-peer content sharing, social network application &
public safety communication. It has several advantages such as increased spectral efficiency, reduced
communication delay, improved cellular coverage, reduced end to end latency.

D2D communication

In-Band Out-Band
Cellular Spectrum Cellular Spectrum

Underlay overlay Controlled Autonomous

Fig. 2: Classification of D2D communication

3.4 Cloud RAN

Figure shows proposed architecture of cloud RAN.

Fig.3: Architecture of C-RAN [7]

In scenarios where small cells can be connected to macrocells with low-latency high-rate (“ideal”)
backhaul, the baseband signals from several hundred cells can be received and processed at a centralized server
platform. This architecture, known as Cloud RAN (C-RAN), creates a super base station with distributed
antennas supporting multiple RAN protocols and dynamically adapting its signal processing resources based on
the varying traffic load within its geographical coverage [7]. The techniques rely on real-time lowlatency
virtualization, which provides a pool of resources that can be dynamically allocated for baseband processing. C-
RAN architecture saves on operational cost by locating all the processing of multiple base stations in one unit,
and simplifies implementation of LTE-Advanced features such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) and enhanced
intercell interference coordination (eICIC) by centralizing baseband processing. The evolution of C-RAN will
include even more advanced techniques such as joint processing and demodulation of multiple users’ signals,
and joint resource allocation across multiple RATs to further increase 5G capacity. The Cloud RAN architecture
is typically favored by operators with access to optical fiber and low-cost wireless fronthaul, or in extremely
high-density scenarios such as sports stadiums.
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 Future of Mobile Communication 5G: Perspectives, Challenges and Services.

IV. 5G Technology And Configurational Issues

In case of 5th generation wireless systems various technologies can be adopt to insure quality of
service(QoS) and more applicability as illustrated below

4.1 Reconfigurable Antenna Technology

The key concept for advanced wireless communication system is Reconfigurable Antennas. It is cost
effective solution for providing agility in dynamic channel environments, spectrum efficiency & increased
capacity. For example cognitive radio concept used in control & management of electromagnetic spectrum for
future communication systems which places challenges on the antenna design & technology [8].

4.2 So-HetNets
Self –organizing Heterogeneous networks deployment & operation of the Het-Net based 5G systems is
an extremely complicated task & there is need of focusing on various factors such as planning, installations
,testing, pre-launch optimization, post launch optimization, monitoring performance, failure mitigation &
corrections. All these activities are costly, error pron & labor intensive .So-HetNets have been defined in the
third generation partnership project(3GPP) [9]. These improves the overall operational efficiency and able to
suppress co-channel interferences & improves energy efficiency performance.

4.3 Shared spectrum

An efficient, flexible & dynamic spectrum utilization is essential for future wireless communication.iin
recent years, dyanamic spectrum access based on cognitive radio techniques has been investigated in order to
achieve more efficient spectrum utilization. An alternative solution proposed to solve the delimma of the
primary user is authorized spectrum access (ASA) also known as Licensed Spectrum access (LSA).based on the
spectrum LSA allows authorized users to access licensed spectrum. This would allow more effective use of
under-utilized spectrum and also solve the problem of quality of service for the primary user [10].

V. 5g: Network Services , Requirements & Challenges

5.1 Services
Support wild
Range
Virtualized Network Application
Function

More
5G
Capacity
Infrastructure
Higher
Reliability

Software based
Reduced end-
Upgradable
end latency
Higher user
Data rate

Fig.4:5G services

5.2 Requirements
Following are the requirements of future wireless generations [11]
1. Local IMT small cells.
2. Design for MIMO.
3. Design of flexible spectrum usage.
4. Data rate Latency.
5. Machine type communication.

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 Future of Mobile Communication 5G: Perspectives, Challenges and Services.

6. Multiple RATs.
7. Prioritized spectrum access.
8. Network assisted D2D communication.

5.3 Challenges of HETNET

1. Intercell interference.
2. Distributed interference co-ordination
3. Efficient medium access control.
4. Device discovery & link setup.

VI. Conclusion
In this article, we have provided an overview of what will be future mobile communication networks
i.e.5G. We have also proposed architecture along with its Perspectives, challenges and services. While there is
still a gamble between what & how will be 5G? , but it will surely fulfill the requirements of Quality of service
from user perspectives in spectrum and energy efficient manner.

Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thanks to principal, Electronics & Telecommunication departments of Sandipani
Technical Campus F.E. Latur and VAPM Almala for their kind support and Co-operation.

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