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    What Are The Symptoms of TB?

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    Reden Calubayan Oblena
    Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or speak. People can be infected with latent TB where the bacteria are present but inactive, or have active TB disease where the bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms of active TB disease include cough, fever and weight loss. Testing and treatment are important to prevent the spread of active TB.

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    What Are The Symptoms of TB?

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    Reden Calubayan Oblena
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    Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or speak. People can be infected with latent TB where the bacteria are present but inactive, or have active TB disease where the bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms of active TB disease include cough, fever and weight loss. Testing and treatment are important to prevent the spread of active TB.

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    About TB

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    Tuberculosis

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    Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or speak. People can be infected with latent TB where the bacteria are present but inactive, or have active TB disease where the bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms of active TB disease include cough, fever and weight loss. Testing and treatment are important to prevent the spread of active TB.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    65 views5 pages

    What Are The Symptoms of TB?

    Uploaded by

    Reden Calubayan Oblena
    Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with active TB disease cough, sneeze or speak. People can be infected with latent TB where the bacteria are present but inactive, or have active TB disease where the bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms of active TB disease include cough, fever and weight loss. Testing and treatment are important to prevent the spread of active TB.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the

    air. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, the
    kidneys, or the spine. A person with TB can die if they do not get treatment.

    What are the Symptoms of TB?


    The general symptoms of TB disease include feelings of sickness or weakness, weight loss, fever,
    and night sweats. The symptoms of TB disease of the lungs also include coughing, chest pain, and
    the coughing up of blood. Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area
    affected.

    How is TB Spread?
    TB germs are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs,
    sneezes, speaks, or sings. These germs can stay in the air for several hours, depending on
    the environment. Persons who breathe in the air containing these TB germs can become
    infected; this is called latent TB infection.

    What is the Difference Between Latent TB Infection and TB


    Disease?
    People with latent TB infection have TB germs in their bodies, but they are not sick because
    the germs are not active. These people do not have symptoms of TB disease, and they
    cannot spread the germs to others. However, they may develop TB disease in the future.
    They are often prescribed treatment to prevent them from developing TB disease.
    People with TB disease are sick from TB germs that are active, meaning that they are
    multiplying and destroying tissue in their body. They usually have
    symptoms of TB disease. People with TB disease of the lungs or throat are capable of spreading
    germs to others. They are prescribed drugs that can treat TB disease.

    What Should I Do If I Have Spent Time with Someone with


    Latent TB Infection?
    A person with latent TB infection cannot spread germs to other people. You do not need to
    be tested if you have spent time with someone with latent TB infection. However, if you
    have spent time with someone with TB disease or someone with symptoms of TB, you
    should be tested.

    What Should I Do if I Have Been Exposed to Someone with


    TB Disease?
    People with TB disease are most likely to spread the germs to people they spend time with
    every day, such as family members or coworkers. If you have been around someone who
    has TB disease, you should go to your doctor or your local health department for tests.

    How Do You Get Tested for TB?


    There are tests that can be used to help detect TB infection: a skin test or TB blood tests. The
    Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid (called tuberculin)
    into the skin in the lower part of the arm. A person given the tuberculin skin test must return within
    48 to 72 hours to have a trained health care worker look for a reaction on the arm. The TB blood
    tests measures how the patient’s immune system reacts to the germs that cause TB.

    What Does a Positive Test for TB Infection Mean?


    A positive test for TB infection only tells that a person has been infected with TB germs. It
    does not tell whether or not the person has progressed to TB disease. Other tests, such as
    a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB
    disease.

    What is Bacille Calmette–Guèrin (BCG)?


    BCG is a vaccine for TB disease. BCG is used in many countries, but it is not generally
    recommended in the United States. BCG vaccination does not completely prevent people
    from getting TB. It may also cause a false positive tuberculin skin test. However, persons
    who have been vaccinated with BCG can be given a tuberculin skin test or TB blood test.

    Why is Latent TB Infection Treated?


    If you have latent TB infection but not TB disease, your doctor may want you to take a drug to kill
    the TB germs and prevent you from developing TB disease. The decision about taking treatment for
    latent infection will be based on your chances of developing TB disease. Some people are more
    likely than others to develop TB disease once they have TB infection. This includes people with HIV
    infection, people who were recently exposed to someone with TB disease, and people with certain
    medical conditions.
    How is TB Disease Treated?
    TB disease can be treated by taking several drugs for 6 to 12 months. It is very important that
    people who have TB disease finish the medicine, and take the drugs exactly as prescribed. If they
    stop taking the drugs too soon, they can become sick again; if they do not take the drugs correctly,
    the germs that are still alive may become resistant to those drugs. TB that is resistant to drugs is
    harder and more expensive to treat. In some situations, staff of the local health department meet
    regularly with patients who have TB to watch them take their medications. This is called directly
    observed therapy (DOT). DOT helps the patient complete treatment in the least amount of time.

    https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/tb.pdf

    Figure 2.2 Transmission of TB


    TB CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

    https://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/corecurr/pdf/chapter2.pdf

    PREVENTIVE MEASURE
    polyantigenic
    inactivated whole-cell vaccine showed
    39% efficacy in a phase 3 trial for the prevention
    of tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults who
    had received previous BCG immunization
    GROUPS OF FIRST AND SECOND-LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS

    www.who.int/tb/NEJM_Zumla_Raviglione_et_al.pdf

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