IS 15458:2004

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Indian Standard
CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN CANES AND THEIR
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION

ICS 79.020

0 BIS 2004

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

August 2004 Price Group 3

Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee, CED 9

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Timber
and Timber Stores Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

Despite the fact that cane resources reflect the national heritage in India, till recently they remained as one
of the neglected non-wood forest products. However, over the past one and a half decades, a wealth of
information has been generated. on resource management and utilization due to the concerted efforts of the
State Forest Departments and, research institutions. Remarkable institutional support and contributions to
conservation and sustainable development and utilization of cane resources, that merit wide recognition, are from
the Karnataka Forest Department and Kerala Forest Research Institute. Rattan is a versatile material as it
competes with other materials such as wood, plastics and metals. Because of its unique aesthetic beauty, high
strength to weight ratio, durability, ease in workability, pliability, biodegradability and natural renewability, it is
recognized as the most valuable traditional material of small-scale furniture and handicraft industries which
provide livelihood to the poor and village communities in the country.

For the purpose of this standard, three Indian zones have been recogn’kmd in view of natural occurrence of rattans
in three distinct region-s. They include: (a) North, East and North-eastern states, (b) Western Ghats ( Southern
India ), and (c) Andaman and Nicobar islands.

The local names of rattans vary not only according tb linguistic regions, which are far too numerous
themselves, but even within one linguistic region there are dialectal variations, resulting in difficulty in
standardization due to considerable variation even in the pronunciation. In the preparation of this standard, the
usage adopted by Kerala Forest Research institute has been followed and the classification is alphabetically
arranged according to the botanical names revised particularly in the light of publications of the Kerala Forest
Research Institute, Karnataka Forest Department and the Botanical Sur~ey of India, Kolkata. Vernacular names
are given for easy reference by the regional communities/traders.
 IS 15458:2004

Indian Standard
CLASSIFICATION OF INDIAN CANES AND THEIR
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION
1 SCOPE its appearance and use.

This standard details the zona[ distribution ( natural 4.4 Flat/Oval Core — Flat or oval shaped material,
occurrence ) of common Indian rattans, classified width ranging from 2 to 10 mm, obtained from inner
according to their various uses and gives information part ( core ) of the cane by peeling and splitting.
of the diameter and strength classes as well as the This is normally used for weaving and binding
average basic specific gravity ( on green volume to (see Fig. 1 ).
oven dry weight basis ).

This standard provides a proforma for general rROUND CORE

classification and nomenclature of commercial
rattan species in a country, with information about
the source of supply/distribution, properties and
potential end-uses. The important rattan genera are
Calum Ll,s,Ceratolobos, Daemonorops, Korthalsia,
A4yrila[epis, Plectocomia and Plectocoiniopsis.

ZE
2 REFERENCE

The standard listed below contains provisions

which, through reference in this text, constitutes
provisions of this standard. At the time of
publication, the edition indicated was valid. All RATTAN PEEL
standards are subject to revision and parties to
agreement based on this standard are encouraged FLAT/OVAL CORE
to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent edition of the standard given below: FIG. 1 THERESULTANT
RATTANDERNATWES

IS No. Title 4.5 Fumigated Rattan — Cane which has been

exposed to sulphur fumes for improvement of
707:1976 Glossary of terms applicable to surface appearance.
timber technology and utilization
( second revision) 4.6 Internode — The region between nodes of a stem
( see Fig. 2 ).
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
NODE INTERNODE
When a country has distinctly different
agroclimatic zones with restricted occurrence of i
‘=—-——=+—
species, zonal distribution will be included in the
--—. .a— L—-— —
national classification system.

4 TERMINOLOGY

For the purpose of this standard, the definitions

given in IS 707 and the following shall apply. FIG. 2 CANESHOWINGNODESANDINTERNODES

4.1 Bleached Rattan — Cane which has been 4.7 Lustrous Cane — Cane in which the surface is
lightened in colour by bleaching agents to improve bright and exhibits sheen or glossiness.
surface brightness.
4.8 Mature Cane — Rattan stem which has
4.2 Cane — A general term of convenience for any attained fuIl structural development, and does not
piece or stem of round rattan. show any deformation or fracture during drying and
bending.
4.3 Defect — An abnormality or irregularity in
cane which lowers its technical quality or commercial 4.9 Node — The thickened part of the stem at which
value by decreasing strength or adverselv affecting leaves are attached in juvenile phase of growth.
1S 15458:2004

4.10 Oil-Cured Rattan — Cane which has been cured b) Western Ghats ( Southern India ), and
in hot oil media in green condition to impart desired c) Andaman and Nicobar islands.
surface colour/appearance and prevent biological
degradation. 7 METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION

4.11 Rattan—A collective term for the climbing Following criteria have been adopted in this model
members of a large group or Lepidocaryoid palms for evaluating the quality of the rattan:
( sub family: Ca/amoideae ).
7.1 Diameter Class
4.12 Rattan Derivatives — Products or parts of
cane resulting from rattan conversion ( splitting/ Based on the diameter in the small end, following
peeling ). standard diameter classes are followed:

4.13 Rattan Peel — Flat or semi-circular material, a) Large — diameter rattan: Unsplit cane
the width ranging from 2 to 10 mm obtained from measuring from 18 mm to 40 mm
the peripheral portion of the cane including the (or above ).
skin; normally used for weaving and binding. b) Small — diameter rattan: Unsplit cane
measuring below 18 mm.
4.14 Rattan Pole — Round rattan of convenient
length. 7.2 Strength Class

4.15 Round .Coce — Round material, consisting of Based on the strength values obtained in mechanical
central part ( core ) of rattan stem with diameters testing, unsplit rattans are classified as follows:
ranging from 2 to 10 mm, obtained by peeling and
splitting; normally used for weaving and binding. Class I ( Strong to : Static bending-modulus
very strong ) of-rupture ( MOR ) and/
4.16 Round Rods —See scraped poles. or tensile strength-
4.17 Scraped Poles — Poles from which rattan ultimate tensile stress
skin has been removed either by scraping or by a ( UTS ) above 70 N/mm2
round-rod making machine. Class II ( Moderately : MOR or UTS 45-70
strong ) N/mm2
4.18 Seasoned Rattan — Cane whose moisture
content has been reduced to the specified minimum Class 111( Weak) : MOR or UTS below
45 N/mm2
under more or less controlled process of drying.

4.19 Treated Rattan — Cane which has been treated 7.3 End-Use Class
with chemicals to prevent biological degradation.
Following five categories of end-uses are recognized
4.20 Unsplit Rattan — Round cane, scraped or for assessing utilization potential of a particular grade.
unscraped, but without being subjected to peeling
a) Furniture frames;
or splitting.
b) Furniture seatlbacks;
5 USES c) Walking stricks, umbrella handles, sports
The uses are classified under the following categories: goods, etc;
d) Handicrafts/novelty items; and
a) Furniture frames;
e) Baskets.
b) Furniture seats/backs;
c) Walking sticks, umbrella handles, sports 7.4 Classification
goods, etc;
The listing of species suitable for each category
d) Handicraft and novelty items; and of end-use given in 4 will include botanical name,
e) Baskets. standard trade name, distribution ( source ),
diameter class, specific gravity and strength
6 ZONES classes. The classification of Indian species is
a) North, East and North-eastern states, given in Table 1.
 IS 15458:2004

Table 1 Classification of Indian Rattans According to Their Properties and End Uses
( Cluwse 7.4 )

Botanical Name Vernacular/Trade Name Distribution Diameter Average Strength

Class Basic Class
Specific
Gravity
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

a) Furniture Frames ( in [1.nsplit/Split Forms )

CQ/emus crcanthwpatbus Griff. Gouri beth ( Hin ) a Large —

C undamcrnicus Kurz. Moth beth ( Hin ) c Large 0.446 11
C.dramfieldii Renuka — b Large 0.443 —

C.gmnb[ei Becc. Hasiru betb ( Kan ) b Large 0.599 I

Pachachural ( Mal ).
Ponchural ( Tam )
(“.l~ookerianus Becc. Vallichural ( Mat ) b Large 0.444 11
Kakkachural,
Vanthal ( Mal );
Nagathali ( Tam )
C. inerinis T. Anders a Large — —

C.karmrtakerrsis — b Large 0.459 11

Renuka and Lakshmaua
C.kh~tsiont{s Becc. a Large —

C /ongisew.s Grifl. c Large 0.468 1

C. nagfre[[fli Fer.et Dey Nagabetha ( Kan ) b Large 0.410 I
C. thwailesii Becc. Handi betha ( Kan ); b Large 0.498 11
Pannicbural,
Thadiyanchural ( Mal )
Perappanakko ( Tam )
Dacntonorops jenkinsiano Golak beth, Cheka betb, a Large 0.400 I
(Griff.) Mart. Dudbia beth, Dangri beth.
Golla betb ( Hin )
D.kut-ziam Becc. — c Large 0.468 1

b) Chair Seats/backs ( in Unsplit Form/Peelings )

Vanthal ( Tam ) b 0,499 — *

C. brandissi Becc. Small
C.guruba Buch. Ham. Jati beth ( Hin ) a Small —

(’. /akshurnanac Renuka HaIu beth ( Kan ) b Small 0.462

C. latijolius Roxb. Pekhri beth ( Hin ) a Small — —

C. leptospadix Gri ff. Dangri beth. Rab betb a Small 0.469 11

Mugri beth, Rani beth
( Hin )
C.pseudorivalis Becc. Safed beth ( Hin ) c Small 0.581 I
C.pseudotetwis Becc. Perumperambu ( Tam ) b Small 0,463 11
(’. rofang Linn, b Small 0.466 11
C.stoloniferus Renuka Jeddu betha ( Kan ) b Small 0.455 —

C.tenuis Roxb. Pani beth ( Hin ) a Small —

C.[ravancoricus Bedd. — b Small 0.486 11

C viminalis Willd.var. Hasali beth a, c Small 0.474 rl
Fa.sciculatus ( Griff. ) Kiring beth ( Hin )
C. wr~tayi/a Renuka Vattayila, b Small 0.533
Ottaman ( Mal )

3
IS 15458:2004

Table 1 ( Confirmed)

Botanical Name Vernacular/Trade Name Distribution Diameter Average Strength

Claxs Basic Class
Specific
Gravity
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

c) Walking Sticks, LImbrella Handles, Sports Goods, etc

C. lir~znsfieldii Reouka b Large 0.433 —
(Tgan?blei Becc. Hasiro beth ( Kan ); b Large 0.599 1
pachachur’al.
Ponchural ( Tam )
C. bookei-Ianus Becc. Vallichural, b Large 0.444 11
Kakkachoral.
Vanthal ( Mat );
Nagatbali ( Tam )
C’.karvlafokemis b Large 0.459 11
Renuka and Lakshrnana
C latl~oliux Pekhri beth (Hin) a —
C longisefus Griff c Large 0.468 1
C’.nagbetfui Fer.et Dey Nagabetha (Kan) b Large 0.410 1
C.pseudorivalis Becc. Safed bet]] (Hin) c Small 0.581 1
C.pseado[etmis Becc. perumperambu (Tam) b Small 0.463 H
C. unlforius Wcndl. c Small 0.397 11
Kortbolsia lacirrioso Gri ff. Lal beth (Hin) c Small 0.461 1[
K.rogersii Becc. — c Small 0.448 11
C stolon(’jerus Renuka .Ieddu betha ( kan ) b Small 0.455
C.fbwaitesii Becc. Haodi betha ( Kan ); b Large 0.498 11
Pannichoral,
Thadiyaochural,
Anachural,
Vandichural ( Mal ):
Thadiperambo.
Perappanakku ( Tam )
C terruis Roxb. Paru betb (Hin) a Small
C. vaffayila Renuka Vattayila, a Small 0.533
Otytaman ( Ma] )
(lvimit7a/is Hosali beth ( Hin ) a and b Small 0.474 11
d) Handicraft/Novelty Items ( in Unsplit/Flat and Oval Core/Peelings )
C.brandisii Becc. Vanthal ( Tam ) b Small 0.499 —

C dransj7eldii Renuka — b Large 0.443

C.gamblei Becc, Hasiru betha ( Kan ); b Large 0.599 1
Pachachural,
Ponchoral ( Tam )
C.gvacilis Roxb. a Small 0,549 —

C’.hookerianus Becc. Vallichural. b Small 0.444 11

Kakkachural.
Vanthal ( Mal ):
Nagathali ( Tam )
(“.karnotakensis

Renaka & Lakshmana b Large 0.459 II

C /aksbmanae Reouka Halo betha ( Kan ) Small 0.462 —

C.longisefus Griff. — c Large 0.468 I

C. mgbettai Fer,et Dey Nagabetha ( Kan ) b Large 0.410 I
 __-.——.— . —.
———-

1S 15458:2004

Table 1 ( Concluded)

Botanical Name Vernacular/Trade Name Distribution Diameter Average Strength

Class Basic Class
Specific
Gravity
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

C.pseudotenuls Becc. Perumperambu ( Tam ) b Small 0,463 11

C rotang Linn. b Small 0.466 11
Kortholsio lociniosa Mart, Lal beth ( Hin ) c Small 0.461 11
K. rogersii Becc. c Small 0.448 II
C.s/o/on(feru.r Renuka Jeddu betha ( Kan ) b Small 0,455
(’. fhwai~esii Becc. Handi betha ( Kan ); b Large 0.498 11
pannichural ( Mal ),
Tbaciiperambu ( Tam )
C [rcrvancoricws Bedd. b Small 0,486 II
C. w{/~ayi/a Renuka Vattayila, b Small 0.533
CMtaman ( Ma] )
e) Biiskets ( in Unsplit Form/Flat and Oval Core/Peelings )
[’ hra]7disil Becc. Vanthal ( Tam ) b Small 0.499
[’. cM’C/llS Roxb, a Large 0.360 111
(’.flor{hut7dus Mart.
Ihr. depcr!(percr!us Becc Moksoma kyein ( Kan ) a 0.337
C. graci/is Roxh. a Small ().549
(’. h(]o~eriunu.$ Becc. Vailichurai, Kakkachural, Large 0.444
Vanthal ( Mal );
Nagathali ( Tam )
C Lt1r)7alaket7sis
Renuka and Lakshmana b Large (),459 11
(’. kii~gia17us Becc. — a Smal I 0.313 —

~, Ioccijcrus
La!ishmana & Renuka Neeru betha ( Kan ) b Large 0.356 [11
(‘ /a/i.sh/)la)7c/e Renoka Ha]u betha ( Kan ) b Small 0.462 —

C. le])[o.spadix Gri ff. Dhangri beth, Rabi beth a Small 0.469 11

Mugri beth, Rani beth
( Hin )
(’. me~zianus Schlecbt Odiyanchural ( Mal ) b Small 0.252 11[
(’.palusfris Griff. b Small 0,399 III
(’.pseudo(erruis Becc. Perumperambu ( Tam ) b Small 0.463 11
C..7[o/ot7~ferus Renuka Jeddu betha ( Kan ) b Small 0.455 —

C 7{)7i/i(rlus Wendl. — c Small 0.397 11

c‘. voltayilo Renuka Vattayila ( Mat ) b Small 0.533
f)aemonorops jenkinsiana Golak beth, Cheka beth a Large 0.400 I
( Griff. ) Mar Dudhia beth. Dangri beth,
Golla beth ( Hin )
P/ec~ocov7ia hinralayarra Tehri beth, Runul beth, a Large 0.415 II
Gri tl Rano beth ( Hin )

NOTES
t Hin – Hindi; Kan – Kannada; Mal – Malay alam, Tam Tamil.
2 a – North, East and North-eastern states.
b - Western Ghats ( Southern India ).
c – Andaman and Nicobar Islands,

5
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Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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