Fof Vol II Rules Final

Volume II:
“With the Old Breed”

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction...................................... 2 & Flamethrower Attacks..............................35 10.0 Rallying, Reconstituting &
1.1 Concept...........................................................2 6.6 Concentrated Fire Attacks.............................36 Experience.....................................54
1.2 Components....................................................3 6.7 Indirect Fire Missions....................................37 10.1 Rally............................................................54
2.0 Preparing For A Mission....................... 9 6.8 Ammunition..................................................38 10.2 Reconstituting.............................................55
2.1 Choose A Campaign And Mission...................9 7.0 Vehicles.........................................40 10.3 Experience..................................................55
2.2 Set Up The Map..............................................9 7.1 Commands....................................................40 10.4 Replacements.............................................56
2.3 Organize Your Company................................10 7.2 Activating Vehicles........................................41 10.5 Rotations....................................................56
2.4 Determine Tactical Reference Points.............10 7.3 Movement.....................................................41 10.6 Multi-Step Unit Experience Levels...............57
7.4 Transport......................................................42 10.7 Skills...........................................................57
3.0 Sequence Of Play..............................11
3.1 Friendly Higher HQ Event Phase....................11 7.5 Vehicle Actions.............................................44 11.0 Victory Conditions............................57
3.2 Defensive Mission: Enemy Activity Phase.....11 7.6 Resolving Anti-Tank Combat.........................47 11.1 Reattempting a Failed Mission....................57
3.3 Friendly Command Phase.............................12 7.7 AT Combat Results........................................47 11.2 Winning a Campaign...................................57
3.4 Offensive Missions & Combat Patrols...........13 7.8 Ammunition..................................................48 11.3 Between Missions.......................................58
3.5 Mutual Capture & Retreat Phase...................13 8.0 Visibility.........................................48 11.4 Combat Patrols...........................................58
3.6 Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase.......................13 8.1 Limited Visibility Effects................................48 12.0 Urban Warfare................................59
3.7 Mutual Combat Phase...................................13 8.2 Illumination...................................................48 12.1 Urban Terrain Cards....................................58
3.8 Clean Up Phase.............................................14 8.3 Night Observation Devices............................49 12.2 Movement & Combat in the Building
8.4 Smoke...........................................................49 Area of an Urban Terrain Card.....................59
4.0 Command & Control...........................14
9.0 The Enemy......................................49 12.3 Multi-Story Buildings & Rooftops...............59
4.1 Commands....................................................15 12.4 Compounds................................................59
4.2 Actions..........................................................16 9.1 Potential Combat...........................................49
9.2 Generating Enemy Forces.............................50 12.5 Barricades...................................................60
4.3 Communication.............................................22 12.6 Breaching....................................................60
9.3 Spotting the Enemy.......................................52
5.0 Infantry Movement & Terrain.................26 9.4 Enemy Activity Checks..................................52 12.7 Attached Buildings......................................60
5.1 Movement.....................................................26 9.5 Mines, Booby Traps, & Claymores................53 12.8 Area Stacking Limits...................................60
5.2 Terrain...........................................................27 9.6 Snipers..........................................................53 12.9 In-Card Movement......................................60
6.0 Infantry Combat................................29 9.7 Leaders.........................................................53 12.10 Urban Line of Sight (LOS).........................61
6.1 Engaging/Opening Fire..................................29 9.8 Indirect Fire Spotters....................................53 12.11 Hand Grenades & Pyrotechnics
6.2 Volume of Fire (VOF)/Primary Direction 9.9 Enemy Ammunition.......................................54 in Urban Terrain..........................................61
of Fire Markers............................................30 9.10 Enemy Vehicles...........................................54 13.0 Streamlining Play for Beginners...........62
6.3 Combat Resolution.......................................32 9.11 Enemy Fanaticism.......................................54 13.1 Experience..................................................62
6.4 Weapon Types & Restrictions.......................34 9.12 Enemy Human Wave Attacks......................54 13.2 Ammunition................................................62
6.5 Grenade, Demolition Charge 9.13 Prisoners....................................................54 13.3 Communications.........................................62
GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com

2 Fields of Fire, Vol II | Rulebook
1.1 Concept
1.0 Introduction You use the following items to play the game: two decks of cards
Welcome to Fields of Fire (a Terrain Deck and an Action Deck), counters representing the
elements of your company and enemy units, and various mark-
Fields of Fire is a solitaire game that gives you the opportunity to
ers. The Terrain Deck forms a map on which to play a mission
command an infantry company in three different conflicts. This
(1.2.1). The Action Deck is used to generate events and resolve
means you make all the decisions for your units. Fields of Fire
various actions throughout the game, such as giving command
is a diceless game; instead of dice, decks of cards are used to
and control capacity, resolving combat, combat, dice rolls, etc.
generate the battlefield, to resolve combats, to provide possible
outcomes for your decisions, and to control the appearance and 1.1.1 Scale
activities of the enemy. This volume is completely standalone,
everything you need to play is included in the box. There have A. Ground Scale
been a few changes to the base rules that are fully compatible Ground scale is abstract. Each Terrain card represents a geo-
with the first edition of Volume 1, but they smooth the edges graphic area where company leaders can reasonably exercise
without changing the core rules. command and control of their units through voice and hand
signals. The size of this area depends on the terrain, ranging
Volume I looks at a US Army rifle company from the 9th Infantry from 10-20 meters across in close terrain to 40-100+ meters in
Regiment in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. more open terrain. Accordingly, Range and Line of Sight are
Volume II is built around a US Marine Corps rifle company from abstract as well.
the 5th Marine Regiment in the same three conflicts.
B. Time Scale
Fields of Fire is a complex game without being a complex game
The time of a turn is abstract, too, and typically represents 5 to
system. The basic components (movement, combat, orders,
30 minutes. Missions last a given number of turns, normally
communication, etc.) are very straightforward. Within each
10, but some may have more turns or fewer turns depending on
component there are multiple activities to choose. Each activity
the historical situation. The turn limit represents the cumulative
will have an outcome, some favorable and some not. The interac-
effect of fatigue and consumption of small arms ammunition.
tions created by your choices mean you always have decisions to
make. Each decision must be made for the game to continue. You C. Unit Scale
will constantly be prioritizing choices because of a continuous Infantry units have between one and four Steps with each Step
shortage of necessary resources. It will be these choices—your representing two to four men. Units with two to four Steps are
choices—that determine whether or not you emerge successfully called squads, and units with a single Step are called teams. A
from your mission. Thus the complexity lies in the interactions vehicle or aircraft unit represents a single vehicle or aircraft.
created by your choices, not in game mechanics. Also, the game
1.1.2 Campaigns
is heavy on actual military terminology and history. I encourage
you to familiarize yourself with the terminology and historical Volumes I and II have seven campaigns between them spanning
notes. It will help you understand what is going on. World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The choice
of campaign dictates what units and equipment are available,
The historical Marine Corps Field Manual for the Rifle Company,
and which missions are to be completed. The corresponding
FMFM 6-4, is available online from multiple sites.
Campaign Instructions in the Briefing Booklets detail friendly
Your role in Fields of Fire is that of a company commander. forces and equipment, as well as enemy forces that may be en-
Your command will include three platoons, consisting of three countered. Playing a campaign gives you the broader experience
squads each, plus supporting Weapons Teams (assigned either of balancing mission accomplishment with sustaining sufficient
to the platoons or directly to you). Additionally, you may also strength for the next mission.
have off map artillery. A Company Executive Officer, Company
First Sergeant, and Company Gunnery Sergeant will be present 1.1.3 Missions
to assist you. Your task in Fields of Fire is to successfully guide Each campaign has several missions that can be played stand-
your company through a campaign of a number of missions. alone or in a series as part of a campaign. The Mission Instruc-
Before each mission you will have to formulate a plan of action tions in the Briefing Booklets provide the rules and charts specific
and allocate your limited resources. During the mission you will to each mission. Playing a mission involves two distinct parts:
issue orders to your units and choose the tactics to accomplish preparation and implementation. Preparation includes setup and
your objective. Your orders will win or lose the mission. After planning of the mission. Implementation is the movement and ac-
the mission you will raise your Experience Levels and incor- tion portion that is played in a series of game turns, each divided
porate replacements for your casualties in preparation for the into a sequence of phases. While playing a turn your command
next mission. elements receive Commands, which in turn are exchanged for
Actions. This process of gaining Commands and expending
them for Actions is the core engine of the game. Enemy forces
enter play automatically as governed by the rules and mission
charts, and Activity Checks guide their Actions. The sequence
© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

Fields of Fire, Vol II | Rulebook 3
of play differs slightly depending on whether you are attacking Cover & Concealment
or defending. Dark Border blocks LOS & gets higher Cover & Concealment
Clear Border doesn’t block LOS & gets lower Cover & Concealment
1.2 Components
There are several types of components used during play. This
section provides the orientation and location of information on
the components, and the following sections detail how they all Special
work together. Instructions
Area
Volume II of the game contains the following:
• This Rule Book
• Two Briefing Booklets
• One Peleliu 1944 Terrain Deck (55 cards) Terrain
• One Chosin Reservoir 1950 Terrain Deck (55 cards) depiction
• One Hue City 1968 Lowlands Terrain Deck (55 cards)
• One Action Deck (50 cards + 1 Reshuffle card and 4 Hint
cards)
Urban
• Four two-sided hint cards and one reshuffle card Cover
• Five sheets of 5/8" counters & markers (total of 880)
• Six Player Aid Cards:
One 11" x 17" Charts & Tables card B. Trafficability
One 8½" x 11" Enemy Activity card A tank icon with “SLOW” or “NO” on it indicates the card has
One 8½" x 11" Force Packages card limited trafficability to all vehicles. “SLOW” means a vehicle
One 8½" x 11" Vehicle and AT Weapons Chart must stop moving when it enters that card. “NO” means a vehicle
One 8½" x 11" Helicopter Control Card may not enter the card (7.3.1).
One 8½" x 11" Command Display SLOW GO or NO GO
• One 8½" x 11" Mission Log Pad SLOW: Vehicles must stop when entering
NO: Vehicles may not enter
1.2.1 Terrain Cards
Each campaign has a specific Terrain Deck that represents terrain
typical to that area. During Play, you randomly lay out Terrain
cards in a grid of rows and columns as indicated for each mission
Incoming
to create the map on which the game is played. The Hue City
VOF
Terrain Deck in this volume also has Urban Terrain cards that Modifier
are explained in 12.1 Urban Terrain Cards. (1.2.1H)
A. Cover & Concealment

The number in the circle in the upper left indicates the intrinsic Terrain
defensive value of the terrain on the card, and benefits all units depiction
that occupy that card.
Some cards have two values. Direct fire across a dark border
uses the higher Cover & Concealment value. All other fire uses
Number
the lower value (including fire originating from within the card).
of Cover
Note that the higher number is in larger font, above and to the markers
left of the lower number (1.2.1C). possible
Number of draws
for Cover allowed
C. Line of Sight Border

There is a border around the perimeter of each card that consists
of white and dark segments. Dark borders block the tracing of
Lines of Sight (LOS) but white borders do not (5.2.1). Because
there can be eight cards adjacent to a given Terrain card, the
border of each card is divided into eight areas. Use the solid area
on the appropriate corner when fire enters the target card from a

card diagonally adjacent. Use the dashed area on the appropriate 1.2.2 Action Cards
side when fire enters from a card orthogonally adjacent. Action cards are used in all campaigns. They serve the purpose
Terrain Type that charts and dice serve in many “traditional” war games.
Card Number
LOS
Borders Contact,
Activated Cover, or
Commands Rally
Special
Instructions Spotted,
Area Initiative Concentrate
Commands Fire,
Grenade!,
Call for
Terrain Fire, or
depiction Combat Infiltration
Resolution Area
Anti-tank
Number
Hit Effect
Random Area
Number
D. Hills Section
You place other Terrain cards on top of Hill cards to raise the Higher HQ Event
elevation of the top card by one level. Multiple hills may be
played on top of each other, each one raising the level by one. A. Command Section
It helps to offset a Terrain card slightly from the underlying Hill This section at the top left of each card has two numbers, a large
card so it is easily recognizable (5.2.2). one in a helmet on the top left, and a smaller one in a US star
symbol below and to the right of the first number. The number
E. LZ Potential in the helmet indicates how many commands are available to
In campaigns where helicopters are used, a helicopter icon indi- an HQ when it is Activated (operating under the command of
cates the card may be used as a Landing Zone (7.3.2). its Higher HQ, 3.3). The smaller number in the star symbol tells
F. Potential Cover how many commands are available to an HQ that has not been
Potential Cover is an abstraction of finding and using specific lo- activated (operating on its own initiative, 3.3).
cations within a card that incrementally add to the intrinsic Cover B. Action Attempt Section
of the card. On the lower left of each card is an icon (usually a The whole upper right quadrant of the card—in the darker
tree or a building) containing a number. That number indicates rectangle—is the Action Attempt Section, and the items in that
the maximum number of Cover markers that can be found on the section (such as “Contact,” “Spotted,” “Higher HQ,” and “Anti-
card. On the lower center of each card is an icon of cards, also tank Number”) are described elsewhere in the rules.
containing a number. That number indicates how many cards to
draw when attempting to locate a Cover marker (5.2.3; 1.2.4D). C. Combat Resolution
This section appears along the left side of the card and vertically
G. Elevation /Multi-Story lists numbers from –4 to +6 and HIT, PIN, or MISS. The number
Some cards have an icon in the upper right that indicates if the is the net modifier for Volume of Fire plus Cover & Concealment
card contains elevation differences (plus or minus one level) or and various other conditions. The words HIT, PIN, or MISS
a multistory building (5.2.2). indicate whether the target has taken effective fire.
H. Incoming VOF Modifier D. Hit Effect Section
If a card has a Burst icon on it, apply the number in that icon as This section is just below the Action Attempt section and is used
a modifier to any Incoming Volume of Fire (VOF) (6.2.2). when an infantry unit is HIT to determine the effect of that hit
I. Capacity based on the Experience Level of the target unit (Veteran, Line,
Though it is not printed on the cards, every card has a maximum or Green).
capacity for any one side of 16 Steps and 4 vehicles. As long as
Steps are embarked on the vehicles they do not count against
this limit.

E. Random Number Section (R#) less rifles. Weapons teams that are larger than one Step are
Along the bottom of the card is the random number generator. treated as squads
Many game functions require that something be determined E. Vehicles /Aircraft
randomly among a variety of options. The top number is the
Each of these units represents a single vehicle or
number of options and the bottom number is the result to use.
aircraft. Additional information for vehicles and
For example, you may need to determine which of 3 options to
aircraft that would not fit conveniently on the coun-
use, so you draw a card, find the 3 column, and see a 2 under the
ter is located on the Player Aid card.
3. In this case, you would use option 2.
F. Limited Action Teams (LATs)
F. Drawing Cards
These units are one Step units labeled as Assault,
To ensure the Action deck is randomized sufficiently to give the
Fire, Litter, or Paralyzed Teams. They are created
proper distribution of results, most activities require a number
during the course of play by combat or by command.
of cards be drawn. Always draw the full number to determine the
Each has its own set of limitations (4.2.5).
result; do not draw until a result happens and then stop short.
If you encounter the reshuffle card, finish drawing the cards, G. Casualties
reshuffle all cards, including the reshuffle card. Note that the These are one Step units that represent soldiers killed
reshuffle card does not count as one of the required card draws. or injured enough to be hors de combat. These units
have no capability. They exist only to be poten-
1.2.3 Units
tially evacuated or captured. They do not count
Any non-vehicle unit is an infantry unit and has a unit identifier, against card or cover capacity limits.
a unit symbol, possibly a Volume of Fire (VOF) Rating, a number
of Steps, and a Range Rating. H. Staff
These are one Step units that assist the Company
A. Squads
HQ or the Higher HQ. For the Company level these
A squad is a unit of two or more Steps and is the primary infantry are the Executive Officer (XO) and the first Sergeant
combat unit of maneuver in the game. (1st Sgt). For a USMC company in Volume II, there
Unit ID is the Company Gunnery Sergeant (GySgt). The XO is the
Volume of Fire Range second-in-command, the 1stSgt is the senior enlisted advisor to
S = Small Arms P = Point Blank (same card) the Company Commander, and the GySgt is the senior enlisted
A = Automatic Weapons C = Close (adjacent card) tactical advisor to the Company Commander (Note: For game
G! = Grenade L = Long (second card)
S! = Sniper V = Very Long (third card) purposes, the 1stSgt and GySgt are functionally equivalent). At
the higher HQ level the term Staff encompasses the Regimental
Steps or Brigade Commander (Rgt/Bde Cmdr), Battalion Commander
(Bn Cmdr), or the Battalion Operations Officer (BN S-3). The
B. Headquarters (HQs) two levels, Company and Higher, function differently in the
These are one Step units that function as the com- course of the game. All Battalion Level Staff and higher HQ units
mand elements of the Company. They have no VOF are considered to have an Experience Level of Line.
or Range Ratings listed on the front. This is its
command side, used when the unit commands itself I. Runners
and other units to perform actions. The reverse side is its Fire These are one step units with no ratings. They allow
Team side that has VOF and Range Ratings. The Fire Team side the Company HQ to communicate with a Platoon
is used when the unit engages directly in combat. An HQ on its HQ when no radio or telephone network is available.
Fire Team side can no longer command other units, only itself
(4.1.4). 1.2.4 Markers
C. Forward Observers (FOs)/Spotters Fields of Fire uses a variety of markers to reduce both paper
These are one Step units whose purpose is to call in record keeping and the amount of information the player needs
indirect Fire Missions from mortars, artillery, or to to remember.
control close air support. They have no VOF or A. Combat (VOF, PDF, Concentrated Fire, Crossfire)
Range listed on the front, which is the observer side. Use these to help determine the Net Combat Modi-
On the back is the Fire Team side that has VOF and Range Rat- fier (NCM) when resolving combat (6.2 and 6.3).
ings and is used when the unit engages directly in combat. Such
a unit cannot call in fire when it is on its Fire Team side.
B. Exposed/Pin
D. Weapons Teams Use the front side of these to mark units Exposed
These are one Step units that represent the crew that during movement. Use the reverse side for units that
operates specific crew-served weapons such as are pinned during combat. Each side has a modifier
machine guns, rocket launchers, mortars, and recoil- that is part of the Net Combat Modifier (NCM) for
any marked units.
C. Tactical Control C. Command Display

These markers represent the graphical controls that A one-sided card with a number track and sequence of play. The
actual commanders put on their maps to help control track is used to record the turn, current phase, saved Commands,
fire and maneuver (2.4.1). and which HQ/Staff have completed their Command Phase.
Each HQ/Staff unit has one marker that is placed on the number
D. Cover track to indicate how many Commands are available and then
There are four types of Cover markers: basic, urban, it is flipped to its Activation Complete side after the HQ/Staff
field fortifications, and caves. These represent spe- completes its activation. The Activation Complete marker is
cific locations within the area of the card that provide placed on the number track to indicate how many saved Com-
greater protection (5.2.3; 1.2.1F). mands the HQ/Staff has.
E. Ammo D. Helicopter Control Card

Ammunition is only tracked for certain types of A two sided card with holding boxes for helicopters for Vietnam
Weapons, and that can be done on the Mission Log. War missions. One side is for US Army helicopters, the other is
Ammo markers are provided to aid players as well. for Marine helicopters. They function the same, with the only
These are “Pollard” style markers that can be placed distinction being the historical photographs used to represent the
beneath an on-map weapon. When the Pollard markers are used aircraft used by each service.
on map, the number on the top of the counter indicates the num- E. Briefing Booklets
ber of ammo points. These booklets contain the following information:
F. Assets • An introductory section explaining its use.
These counters represent various pieces of equip- • Campaign Instructions showing Company organization,
ment such as radios, phones, phone lines, or pyro- available equipment, and an Enemy Force Packages Table
technic devices. These are normally held on the showing the composition of revealed enemy forces.
Command Display to denote allocation and reduce • Mission Instructions detailing all the information necessary
clutter on the map. to set up, play, and determine completion and experience for
each of the 29 missions in the game. Generally, the first page
G. Potential Contact/Current Activity
of each mission’s instructions contains information about US
The Potential Contact and Current Activity markers forces, while the second page contains information about
work together to regulate the appearance of the
enemy forces.
enemy during the course of a mission (9.1).
• Historical information for each campaign.
H. Weather/Visibility 1.2.6 Glossary

The Visibility marker is used to remind the player Adjacent: To be on a card next to a given card is to be adjacent
how the current visibility condition affects the NCM. to that card. Including diagonals, there are eight possible adjacent
cards to any specific card.
Asset: An asset is a piece of equipment that promotes command
and control or visibility. Assets include pyrotechnics (smoke
1.2.5 Player Aids
grenades and flares; 4.3.6), radios (4.3.5), and telephones (4.3.4).
A. Mission Log: 2-Sided, Expendable HQs and Staff units normally carry these. For HQ and Staff place
A sheet of the Mission Log is used during a mission to track the them in the applicable boxes on the Command Display until
following information: ready for use. Other units may carry and use them by placing
• Company organization, including assigning units to or from them under that unit.
different HQs (this is called “task organizing” and units so AT-Capable: A unit (Vehicle or Infantry) that has a numerical
assigned are called “attachments”) listing in at least one of the four Range columns on the Vehicle
• Unit Experience Levels and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart.
• Casualties Attachments: These are additional combat units listed in the
• Ammunition available and expended (when not using the instructions for each mission that are available for that mission.
Ammo markers on map) Assign each such unit to a specific HQ on the Mission Log before
• Fire missions available and expended the beginning of a mission (2.3.3).
• Pre-designated actions for available pyrotechnic signals Basic VOF: Fire from a combat unit as per the counter: Small
• Units or Steps not committed to the mission Arms (S), Automatic Weapons (A), Heavy Weapons (H), and
B. Player Aid Card(s) All Pinned. (6.2.1)
These contain the charts and tables needed for play. Chain of Command: Military units have rigid structures so
that they can function in the chaos of combat. All units belong
to a particular Headquarters (HQ) at the beginning of a mission.

Units can only receive Commands to perform Actions from their Fire Support: Off map firing units, like field artillery, mortars,
HQ or an HQ higher in the chain. For game purposes, the chain etc. that are available to provide heavier fire than that typically
goes down from Regimental/Battalion HQ (which is usually off produced from within the Rifle Company on the game map. Dif-
map) to Company HQ, then to Platoon HQs. Each HQ can only ferent organizations (called “firing agencies”) are often available.
issue Commands to subordinate units and subordinate HQs, and When their fire is requested, it is referred to as a Fire Mission.
to itself. For example, a unit of the 1st Platoon receives orders Mission Instructions list what fire agencies are available, the
from the 1st Platoon’s HQ. The 1st PLT HQ is subordinate to the types of Fire Missions they may fire, who the eligible observers
CO HQ. The CO HQ is subordinate to the Battalion HQ, which are, and the number of Action Cards to draw when requesting
is subordinate to the Regimental HQ and so on. This means that a Fire Mission.
a unit of the 1st Platoon can receive orders from the 1st PLT Good Order Unit: This is any Infantry unit that is not a Limited
HQ, CO HQ, Battalion HQ, Regimental HQ, or their Staffs, but Action Team and not Pinned.
it cannot receive orders from the 2nd PLT HQ. Limited Action
Teams may receive orders from any HQ or Staff unit. Illuminated: A Terrain card lit by illumination devices.
Infantry Unit: Any unit that is not a vehicle is an Infantry unit.
Combat Units: Combat units include any Good Order units,
If the term unit is used in the rules, assume it is an Infantry unit.
Assault and Fire Teams, Vehicles, and any other unit with a
printed VOF value. Occupied, Unoccupied, Cleared, and Secured Cards: A Ter-
rain card is Occupied if there is at least one unit on the card. De-
Commands and Actions: HQs exert command and control
pending on the unit(s) present, the card can be friendly-occupied,
through the use of Commands. The more Commands held by
enemy-occupied, or jointly-occupied (i.e., with units from both
an HQ, the greater its ability to direct its units in achieving their
sides present). A Terrain card is Unoccupied if there is no enemy
objective. You get Commands for an HQ by drawing an Action
unit or Potential Contact marker on the card. A Cleared card is an
card and consulting the Command Section of the card (1.2.2.a)
unoccupied card that previously had a Potential Contact marker
to determine the number of Activated or Initiative Commands
and is being counted for the purpose of achieving a mission. A
received. HQs then expend Commands for Actions, causing
Secured card is a card that is both friendly-occupied and cleared.
units to perform various activities such as moving, firing, and
Ignore any enemy casualties or VOF markers on a card when
rallying (4.0).
determining if the card is unoccupied or cleared.
Convert: To convert a unit means to change a unit’s ability as Primary Direction of Fire (PDF): A marker which indicates
the result of combat and Actions. You convert Steps, Teams, and the direction to a given unit’s VOF marker. A PDF marker is not
Limited Action Teams into various Limited Action Teams as you placed if you engage an enemy unit on your same card (Point
play out a mission. Blank, 1.2.7). Spotting for Fire Missions does not place PDF
Current Activity Level: An indication of the relative intensity markers.
of the situation during a mission. The Current Activity Level Reconstitute: To reconstitute means to make a battlefield promo-
affects the ability to command, as well as controlling the rate at tion of a Good Order unit to replace (between missions) the CO
which enemy forces come into play. There are four levels: No HQ or a Platoon HQ that was removed from play OR to put a
Contact, Contact, Engaged and Heavily Engaged (9.1). squad back into play (during a mission) from 2 or 3 teams (10.2).
• No Contact: No VOF or PDF markers are on the map and Removed from Play: Remove from the map any unit replaced
no enemy units have been spotted. by other counters, such as a squad that drops below two Steps
• Contact: One friendly- or enemy-occupied card is under a and becomes a Fire Team or any team that is converted to a Litter
VOF marker, and/or there is at least one spotted enemy unit Team, Paralyzed Team, or Casualty. A unit removed in this way
on the map. can only be returned via reconstituting (10.2).
• Engaged: Two or more friendly- and/or enemy-occupied
Special VOFs (these require an attempt): Sniper, Incoming,
cards are under VOF markers.
Mines, Grenade, Demolition Charge, and Flamethrower. Special
• Heavily Engaged: Two or more friendly- and/or enemy- VOFs have specific conditions governing their use.
occupied cards are under VOF markers, and at least one card
has both enemy and friendly units on it. Staging Areas: Off map areas that are an abstraction of areas not
directly involved in the combat. Units move to and from Stag-
Engaged: A unit projecting a VOF marker. ing Areas during the course of a mission. These areas are never
Experience Level: A unit’s experience governs its chances of directly involved in combat.
successfully completing Actions. Experienced units are more Steps: A step is the common measurement of unit size in the
likely to complete Actions successfully. All Infantry units have game. Units have between one and four steps, with each step
an Experience Level of Green, Line, or Veteran. Units start a representing between two and four men. Units with two or more
campaign at the Experience Level prescribed by the Campaign steps may break down into different units during play, either
Section in the Briefings Booklet. During a mission, the Company voluntarily or as a result of combat. Because these units have
gains Experience Points, which increase the Experience Level various weapons, a diagram is provided at the end of the rules
of surviving units for the next mission. to show how various units break down.

Team: A Team is any 1-Step unit. There are several varieties of 1.2.7 Common Abbreviations
Teams used in the game.
• FO Team: A forward observer unit that provides fire support Other Abbreviations
from off-map agencies such as artillery, mortars, and aircraft. BDE – Brigade
• Weapons Team: A unit composed of a particular weapon and BN – Battalion
its crew, including machine guns, automatic rifles, recoilless CAS – Close Air Support
rifles, and mortars. CO – Company
• Limited Action Team (LAT): A unit created by Commands FA – Field Artillery
or as the result of combat during the Combat Effects Phase. FAC – Forward Air Controller
As their name suggests, they have limits on their abilities. FD – Fire Direction
LAT is a collective abbreviation referring to the four types FM – Fire Mission(s)
of LATs: FO – Forward Observer
Assault, HQ – Headquarters
Fire, LAT – Limited Action Team
Litter, and
LOS – Line of Sight
Paralyzed Teams
LZ – Landing Zone
• Command & Control Team: All HQs, Staff, and runner MTR – Mortar
units.
NCM – Net Combat Modifier
• Vehicle: Vehicles include helicopters and tracked, half-
NET – Network (Phone or Radio)
tracked, and wheeled vehicles (7.0).
PDF – Primary Direction of Fire
Volume of Fire (VOF): Volume of Fire represents the type of
PLT – Platoon
fire that affects the occupants of a Terrain Card. It is used to
determine the Net Combat Modifier for resolving combat. See RCL – Recoilless Rifle
Basic VOF and Special VOF. RGT – Regiment
RKT – Rocket Launcher
Sgt – Sergeant
Sqd – Squad
TCM – Tactical Control Marker
TM – Team
VOF – Volume of Fire
XO – Executive Officer
Volume Unit Campaign Era Enemy

Vol. I – Keep Up the Fire! 9th Infantry, 2nd Infantry Normandy 1944 WWII German Army and Paratroops
Division (Fallschirmjaeger)
Vol. I – Keep Up the Fire! 9th Infantry, 2nd Infantry Naktong 1950 Korea North Korean People’s Army
Division (NKPA)
Vol. I – Keep Up the Fire! 9th Infantry, 25th Infantry III Corps 1967-68 Vietnam Viet Cong (VC), North Viet-
Division namese Army (NVA)
Vol. I – Keep Up the Fire! 9th Infantry, 2nd Infantry Heartbreak Ridge 1951 Korea North Korean People’s Army
Division (NKPA)
Vol. II – With the Old Breed 5th Marines, 1st Marine Peleliu 1944 WWII Imperial Japanese Army (IJA)
Division
Vol. II – With the Old Breed 5th Marines, 1st Marine Chosin Reservoir 1950 Korea Communist Chinese Forces
Division (CCF)
Vol. II – With the Old Breed 5th Marines, 1st Marine Hue City 1968 Vietnam North Vietnamese Army (NVA)
Division
Volume of Fire Abbreviations 2.2 Set Up the Map

S – Small Arms Fire The game map in Fields of Fire consists of Terrain cards arranged
A – Automatic Weapons Fire into a grid. The Mission Details will tell you how many rows and
H – Heavy Weapons Fire columns you need to lay out. Each mission has instructions on
G! – Grenade/Rocket Launcher Fire how to layout the map. Some are drawn completely at random,
S! – Sniper Fire some have a fixed arrangement, and some have a mix of fixed
F! – Flamethrower and random sections. Columns extend vertically away from
you, while rows extend horizontally across your front. Thus, a
D! – Demolition Charge
4-column, 3-row map would look like this:
Range Abbreviations
P – Point Blank Range (same card)
C – Close Range (adjacent card)
L – Long Range (second card)
V – Very Long Range (third card)
Offensive & Patrol Mission Abbreviations

AP – Attack Position
LOA – Limit of Advance
LOD – Line of Departure
OBJ – Objective
PL – Phase Line
RP – Route Point Player
Defensive Mission Abbreviations 2.2.1 Lay Out the Terrain Cards

COP – Combat Outpost Lay out the Terrain Cards as specified in the Mission Details into
FPF – Final Protective Fire the requisite number of columns and rows. Unless the Mission
FPL – Final Protective Line Details tell you otherwise, place the Terrain cards face-up; for
some missions where the quality of maps available in the his-
MLR – Main Line of Resistance
torical campaign was poor, you are instructed to place the cards
face-down. But the default is that you will know the layout of
the battlefield in advance. When laying out the grid, leave a little
2.0 Preparing for a Mission room between the rows so that if you turn up a hill card and have
to draw an additional Terrain card for that space, you can stagger
No company commander would willingly enter a battle without their placement so that the hill card is not obscured by the one on
properly organizing his command, understanding the assets avail- top of it. Also, allow some space between cards so that you can
able to him and their capabilities, and mapping out the terrain place markers between them as the need arises. Keep the deck
on which his soldiers will operate. Before you begin playing a handy, as the map may expand over the course of the mission.
mission of Fields of Fire, you will have to spend a little time
doing these things, too. 2.2.2 Place Visibility, Current Activity, and Potential
Contact Markers
2.1 Choose a Campaign and a Mission Consult the Mission Details for the visibility level and use the
appropriate marker to indicate it. Set the Current Activity level
First, choose one of the campaigns listed above. Then, choose
by selecting the No Contact marker; by definition, every mis-
a mission from that campaign. If you just want to play a single
sion will start with No Contact as the Current Activity marker.
mission by itself, you can choose any mission. However, if you
Place them near the top of the map, or anywhere they will serve
want to play the entire campaign, you should start with Mission
you effectively as reminders. Place Potential Contact markers
1. Either way, look at your company’s Order of Battle in the
according to the Mission Instructions (see 9.1.2 for more on
Briefing Booklets to see what forces you have available, and
Potential Contact markers).
check the mission instructions, especially the Mission Details
section, for set-up information about that mission.

2.3 Organize Your Company Many tactical controls are unique to certain types of missions.
Consult the Mission Details to determine the type of mission
2.3.1 Fill Out the Mission Log and where and how to place the appropriate Tactical Control
All of the information that you need to fill out the Mission Log markers (TCM).
before start of play can be found in either the Campaign Instruc- A. Offensive Mission TCM
tions or the Mission Information. Note the Experience Level and
Offensive Missions use the following linear TCM: Right and
ammunition for all available units and record information about
Left Boundaries, Line of Departure (LOD), Phase Lines (PL),
available fire support.
and Limit of Advance (LOA).
2.3.2 Distribute Assets The Line of Departure represents the official starting line for an
The Campaign Instructions may specify how some assets must attack. It runs horizontally across the map. Unless the Mission
be assigned. Apart from that, you will have leeway in assigning Instructions specify otherwise, place it between the Staging Area
assets to Platoon HQs, Company HQ, Company Staff, or other (2.4.2) and Row 1.
units as you see fit. For HQ and Staff place assets as desired Phase Lines are used to coordinate advancing units. You can
among the appropriate holding boxes on the Command Display place up to two PLs, and they must run horizontally across the
for convenience, otherwise stack the asset with the unit that map. You can use them to key Actions with Pyrotechnic signals.
will carry it.
The Left and Right Boundaries are fixed boundaries that your
2.3.3 Note Attached Units, Assets, and Pyrotechnic units may not cross at any time. Place these vertically, along the
Signals on the Mission Log left-most and right-most columns of Terrain cards. Important:
In addition to your three infantry Platoons and your command though your units can never cross these boundaries, enemy units
Staff, you will also have at your disposal a variety of other may be placed outside them when Random Contacts are resolved.
units, including weapons teams, vehicles, and off-map mortar/ They also may move outside those boundaries during the Enemy
artillery forward observers (FO). Before the mission starts, you Activity Check Segment. In such cases, your units may fire across
will have to designate the command relationship for each on the a boundary line, but may never move across it.
Mission Log. Design Note: In real life combat situations, Left and Right
On the Mission Log, note how you have decided to assign units Boundaries would prevent adjacent companies from wander-
given to your Company in the Campaign Instructions but not ing across your company’s front, and you from wandering
assigned to a particular HQ. Units that are assigned to you in the across their front.
Mission Instructions automatically have an Experience Level of
The Limit of Advance marks the line beyond which you may not
Line. They do not gain experience over the course of a campaign,
advance during this mission. Place it horizontally, along the top-
unlike units listed in the Campaign Instructions as part of your
most row of Terrain cards. As with the Left and Right Boundaries,
Company. A unit attached to a Platoon is considered part of that
enemy units may enter play and move beyond the LOA; your
Platoon for all purposes for the duration of the mission. A unit
units may fire across it but never move across it.
may not be reassigned to a different HQ or Company Staff during
the course of a mission. In short, the linear controls form a box outside of which your
units may not move during a mission, although enemy units may
You should also assign specific instructions to your Pyrotechnic
appear, move and fire at yours from beyond those boundaries.
signals (4.3.6), since the whole point of using such signals is that
everyone understands in advance what they will mean when they Offensive Missions use the following point TCM:
are used on the battlefield. • Attack Position (AP),
• Primary Objective (OBJ 1) and
2.4 Determine Tactical Reference Points • Secondary Objective (OBJ 2).
Before you begin a mission, you receive from higher up the chain The Objectives represent physical locations that you must oc-
of command strict geographical limits within which your Com- cupy. The Attack Position is your last covered and concealed
pany can operate. Within that area, you will also have to point position before you reach an objective. Players generally have
out specific objectives for your own reference. These controls some leeway in placing Objective and Attack Position TCMs,
exist to coordinate maneuver and fire support, and also to prevent but must adhere to any restrictions in the Mission Instructions.
friendly fire. Commanders draw these controls on their tactical
A Tip: It is best to designate an AP that is adjacent to both
maps; they are represented here by Tactical Control markers.
Objectives, and if possible you should place the Objective
2.4.1 Place Tactical Control Markers TCMs on cards with high Cover & Concealment ratings so that
There are two types of tactical controls in Fields of Fire: Linear you can defend them relatively easily once you occupy them.
and Point. Linear controls follow the seams between rows or
columns of Terrain cards. Point controls are placed on a card
and are specific to that card.

B. Defensive Mission TCM A Line of Sight exists for communication purposes between all
Defensive Missions use only one Linear TCM: the Main Line cards in the Main Staging Area. This means that within the Main
of Resistance (MLR). This represents the line before which the Staging Area, you may automatically use all radios that require an
enemy advance must be stopped. In a Defensive Mission, you LOS between units. All cards in the Staging Area are connected
may set up your units between the Staging Area and the Main by phone lines. Thus Telephones used within the Main Staging
Line of Resistance. The Mission Instructions will tell you where Area do not need to be connected by wire.
to place the MLR. B. Helicopter Staging Areas
Defensive Missions may also allow you to place a Combat Some missions in the Vietnam Warcampaign require Staging
Outpost (COP) Point TCM. A Combat Outpost is a position Areas for helicopters: the Pickup Zone, Inbound, Outbound, and
set up in front of your MLR in order to confuse and break up Loiter Areas. Do not treat these as being adjacent to the map,
an enemy attack. You may place units from a single Platoon up like the Main Staging Area. Therefore, units may not use normal
to the stacking limit in a COP. You may also have two other movement to enter the map from a Helicopter Staging Area. A
Point TCM available to you: Final Protective Lines (FPL) and card is provided to keep track of helicopter staging areas, with
Final Protective Fires (FPF). These are prepared defensive fire one side for Army and the other for Marine helicopters. There
schemes, and they are covered in detail in the combat rules (6.4 is no practical difference between the two beyond the historical
and 6.7.2D, respectively). pictures.
C. Combat Patrol TCM No Line of Sight may be traced into or out of a Helicopter Stag-
Combat Patrol Missions use one Linear TCM: the Main Line ing Area.
of Resistance, which marks the point from which the patrol sets
2.4.3 Air/Amphibious Assault Planning
out from friendly lines.
Some missions begin with an Air or Amphibious Assault, in
Otherwise, Combat Patrol Missions use Point TCM. Use the which your units enter the map by helicopter, amphibious tractor,
Primary Objective (OBJ 1) to mark the farthest point from the or landing craft. In these missions, the transportation available
MLR that the patrol is supposed to reach. You will also have may have to make multiple trips to bring in all of your units. In
to designate Route Points to mark out the path that the patrol such cases you must create a Landing Plan before play begins,
must follow. This route may cross or come back on itself, so it in which you specify the order in which your units will be trans-
is possible for a single Terrain card to have more than one Route ported to the map (7.4.5).
Point marker on it.
D. General Purpose TCM
Several different Point TCM may be available to you if circum- 3.0 Sequence of Play
stances warrant, regardless of mission type. Some of them must
Once you have completed your planning and setup, you play out
be placed before play starts, or they may be placed as the mission
a mission in turns. Each turn is broken down into Phases and
is in progress. These are:
Impulses. Note that Offensive Missions and Combat Patrols use
• Landing Zones (LZ; 7.3.2), the same sequence. Defensive Missions follow a slightly different
• Casualty Collection Points and MEDEVAC LZs (5.1.7), and sequence (see sequence below and Turn Sequence Summary).
• Registered Targets (6.7.5).
2.4.2 Staging Areas 3.1 Friendly Higher HQ Event Phase
A Staging Area is a designated assembly area in which units (Starting on Turn 2)
prepare for an upcoming mission. In Fields of Fire, the Main Starting on Turn 2, draw an Action card. If the Higher HQ icon is
Staging Area is represented by a row of face-down Terrain cards present, draw another Action card and check the R# under “10”
(do not use Terrain cards from the campaign you are playing. and compare to the Friendly Higher HQ Events chart in the Mis-
Use cards from a different campaign). Use the Helicopter Control sion Instructions to determine what event takes place. For some
Card to manage helicopter staging areas. In game terms, Staging events you get experience only if you accomplish the event that
Areas function as off-map holding boxes from which your units turn, but doing so is optional. You may choose to forego the ex-
enter the map. perience if you feel you have more pressing matters. Commands
Units in a Staging Area may not fire and they cannot be fired required to be spent by an event must come from the CO HQ.
upon. Staging Area cards have no stacking limits.
A. The Main Staging Area 3.2 Defensive Missions: Enemy Activity Phase
Units enter and exit the map to and from a Main Staging Area Note that both Enemy Activity Phases are identical, but its place
by normal movement. Units may move between cards in a Main in the Sequence of Play may change based on the type of mis-
Staging Area as if they were moving between Terrain cards and sion (3.4).
are not marked Exposed.

3.2.1 Enemy Higher HQ Event Segment B. Company HQ (CO HQ) Impulse

(Starting on Turn 2) If activated by the BN HQ, draw an Action card for the CO HQ,
giving it a number of commands this turn equal to the Activated
Starting on Turn 2, draw an Action Card. If the Higher HQ Event
Commands number (in the helmet) on the Action card, as modi-
icon is present, draw another Action Card and check the R# under
fied by the Command Draw Modifiers Chart (4.1.2). Then expend
‘10’ and compare to the Enemy Higher HQ Events in the Mission
these commands for Actions (subject to the limitations in 4.13)
Instructions to determine what event takes place.
as per the Action Menu (4.2) on any friendly units in play and
3.2.2 Enemy Activity Check Segment in communication and have those units execute the Actions. You
Except for turn 1, place PC markers on cards or rows as indicated may also save the commands up to the maximums (defined by
by the Mission Instructions. (You don’t need to do this on Turn Experience Level and time of day). You may expend previously
1 because PC markers were placed during setup.) Check every saved commands at this time, too.
enemy unit on the map for activity, keeping in mind any restric- You may also activate a PLT HQ or CO Staff this Impulse if it is
tions imposed by a Higher HQ event. on the same card as a runner in Good Order that was dispatched
Draw an Action Card to randomly determine the order in which on a previous turn. Return the runner to the CO HQ and mark
you check enemy-occupied cards. Count the number of enemy- it Exposed. You may dispatch the returned runner the same
occupied cards, assign each a number, then check under that R# Impulse it returns.
to see which card is selected (e.g., you count 6 enemy-occupied C. Platoon HQ (PLT HQ) or Company Staff (CO Staff) Impulse
cards, so you number them 1-6. Checking under R# 6 you see Draw an Action card for each PLT HQ or CO Staff activated
a ‘4.’ The card you had previously assigned the number 4 is se- in the preceding Impulse, in any order you choose, and give it
lected). On the selected card check enemy units in order based a number of commands this turn equal to the modified (4.1.2)
on their status as shown in the Activity Check Hierarchy tables, Activated Commands number. Then expend these commands
starting at the top (9.4). for Actions (subject to the limitations in 4.13) on any friendly
units in play and in communication (4.2). You may expend a
3.3 Friendly Command Phase PLT HQ command only on units that belong to or are attached
to that HQ’s Platoon. You may also save the commands up to
During this phase you have the units in the Company perform
the maximums (defined by Experience Level and time of day).
Actions, including movement- and combat-related activities.
You may expend previously saved commands at this time, too.
Units perform Actions when ordered to do so by expending
Commands. The sequence in which you activate units within the You must finish spending Commands from one PLT HQ or CO
Command Phase flows down the chain of command from higher Staff unit before expending Commands from another such unit.
to lower, from Battalion to Company to Platoon. HQs are either
3.3.2 Initiative Segment
Activated by their Higher HQ or they take the Initiative (3.3.2).
HQs that are Activated tend to have more commands than those A. CO HQ Impulse (if not activated)
taking the Initiative. Draws for command points have modifiers If you did not Activate the CO HQ in the preceding segment,
based on the HQ’s Experience Level and its current situation draw an Action card for it and give it a number of commands this
(where it is located, if it is under enemy fire, etc.; 4.1). If you turn equal to the modified (4.1.2) Initiative Commands number
activate a vehicle unit at any time during the phase, place an (in the US Star symbol) on the Action card. Expend commands
Activated marker on it as a reminder that it will act later during (4.1.3; 4.2) or save them just as in the command Impulses during
the Vehicle-Aircraft Phase. the Activation Segment.
3.3.1 Activation Segment B. PLT HQ Impulse (if not activated)
For each PLT HQ you did not activate in the preceding segment,
A. Battalion HQ (BN HQ) Impulse
draw an Action card for it and give it a number of commands this
If the BN HQ is on the map, automatically give it the maximum
turn equal to the modified (4.1.2) Initiative Commands number.
number of allowable Commands: 6 for a daytime mission or 4
Expend commands (4.1.3; 4.2) or save them just as in the com-
for a limited visibility mission. (The number track on the Com-
mand Impulses during the Activation Segment. You may expend a
mand Display contains reminders of these limits.) Then expend
PLT HQ command only on units that belong to or are attached to
the Commands on any friendly units in play and in communica-
that HQ’s Platoon. You must finish spending Commands from one
tion, including activating the CO HQ. You cannot save BN HQ
PLT HQ before expending Commands from another such unit.
Commands. If the BN HQ is not on the map, and the CO HQ
is in communication with the BN HQ, automatically Activate C. CO Staff Impulse (if not activated)
the CO HQ. Give one Command to each CO Staff you did not activate in the
preceding segment. You may expend Commands (4.1.3; 4.2) or
Note: The BN HQ is considered to be on the map if any higher
save them just as you did in the Command Impulses during the
HQ leader (Rgt/Bde Cmdr, Bn Cmdr, or the Bn XO/S-3) is
Activation Segment. You must finish spending Commands from
on the map.
one CO Staff unit before expending Commands from another
such unit.

D. General Initiative Impulse 3.7 Mutual (Friendly & Enemy) Combat Phase
Draw an Action card and expend a number of Commands equal to
Conduct all infantry combat in this phase (6.1). This is an ab-
the unmodified Initiative Commands number on any unit in play
straction of the cumulative Action that occurs throughout the
(4.2). You do not have to have an HQ or Staff unit issue these
time covered by the turn.
commands. If the mission is a Combat Patrol, halve that number,
rounding any fractions down. Do not apply the normal Command 3.7.1 Volume of Fire (VOF) Segment
Draw modifiers to this draw. These Commands cannot be saved Use Volume of Fire (VOF), Primary Direction of Fire (PDF),
(General Initiative commands cannot be used to Activate HQs). Concentrate Fire, Grenade, Grenade Miss, Demo, Demo Miss,
and Crossfire markers when determining the Net Combat Modi-
3.4 Offensive Missions & Combat Patrols: fier (6.3). Adjust these markers as the situation changes on the
Enemy Activity Phase map in either of the Enemy Activity Phases (3.2 and 3.4), the
Command Phase (3.3), or the Combat Phase (3.7).
Follow the same sequence as Phase 3.2, except do not place new
PC markers each turn during the Activity Check Segment—use A. Update Fire Missions
the ones placed during the setup for the mission. Implement any Remove existing Incoming! and Air Strike VOF markers (6.7).
Enemy Higher HQ Event immediately. Do not perform any fur- Flip Pending Fire Mission markers to their active sides. Adjust
ther Activity Checks this turn for units affected by those events. the Current Activity marker as needed.
B. Evaluate Potential Contact Markers
3.5 Mutual (Friendly & Enemy) Capture & Resolve the Potential Contact for each Terrain card containing
Retreat Phase both a Potential Contact marker and a friendly unit by drawing
a number of Action cards based on type of PC marker and the
Paralyzed or Litter Teams are captured if they are on a card with
Current Activity Level as shown on the Potential Contact Draw
enemy Good Order units, Assault Teams, or Fire Teams, and there
Chart (9.1.5). Contact is made if one of the Action cards con-
are no other friendly forces on the card (9.13).
tains the word Contact! If more than one PC marker needs to be
Paralyzed Teams from either side that are on a card with a VOF resolved, do it in alphabetical order. Resolve multiple markers
marker and not Pinned or captured must retreat one card. The of the same letter in random order (9.1.5).
priority is to a card not under a VOF that has better net NCM
and is towards the Team’s edge of the map or LZ (6.3). In case If enemy units are contacted, use the appropriate Potential Con-
of possible retreat locations with equal NCMs, draw an Action tact Table (per Mission Instructions) to determine which enemy
Card and use the R# to determine randomly. Mark a retreating package is coming into play. Place the units in that package on
Paralyzed Team as Exposed. the map according to the mission’s PC Placement Table and
the rules for placement (9.2). Have any eligible friendly units
Retreat by one card any Litter Team plus one Casualty from
automatically engage the new units by placing any applicable
either side that is on a card with a VOF marker and not Pinned
VOF and PDF markers (6.1.1). Update the Mission Log to add
and is towards the Team’s edge of the map or LZ. The unpinned,
the new enemy units. If necessary, immediately change the state
retreating Litter Team will automatically pick up the casualty if
of the Current Activity marker, then resolve the next PC marker,
neither is under a Cover marker or if both are under the same
possibly based on a new Current Activity Level (9.1.5).
Cover marker. The priority is first to a card not under a VOF. If
more than option is available, then go to the best cover modifier, 3.7.2 Combat Effects Segment
or else use random selection (i.e., a Terrain Card where the net
Any Pinned units not under any VOF remove their Pinned mark-
cover modifier is higher than that of the currently occupied card).
ers. Determine the Net Combat Modifier (6.3) for every infantry
Mark a retreating Litter Team as Exposed. The Litter Team does
unit on a card with a VOF marker and then draw an Action card
not retreat if there are no Casualty steps (Note: Any enemy unit
(6.3.1) to determine if the fire has affected the unit (6.3.2). If the
that retreats off map is removed from play).
unit is hit, draw a second Action card to determine the effect of
the hit based on the unit’s Experience Level (6.3.3). Also resolve
3.6 Mutual (Friendly & Enemy) Vehicle-Aircraft any Mine VOF attacks that have been triggered previously this
Phase turn (9.5). Once all combat is resolved, update any changes to
VOF and PDF markers (6.2 and 6.2.3) and flip any mines back
You may move and/or fire any activated vehicles in play (7).
to their “Draw” side (9.5).
If both sides have activated vehicles, alternate their move and
fire, one at a time, with the friendly player going first during
Offensive Missions or Combat Patrols and second during De- 3.8 Clean Up Phase
fensive Missions. Conduct all vehicle combat. Flip each unit’s Remove all Pyrotechnic, Illumination, Exposed, Moved/Fired,
Activated marker to its Moved/Fired side when you finish that Concentrated Fire, Demo, Demo Miss, Grenade, and Grenade
unit’s activation. Miss markers. Casualties dropped off at a Terrain card with a
designated Casualty Collection Point Tactical Control marker
on it are evacuated in WWII and Korean War Missions. During
Defensive Missions, remove any unresolved PC markers.
Activated
number of
Commands
Initiative
number of
Commands
Command Example:
1. CO HQ is automati-
cally activated unless
Higher HQ is in play.
An Action card is drawn
and the number of com-
mands is in the helmet/
larger number in the
upper left.
2. 3 PLT HQ is in the same card and not under a cover marker. The CO
HQ expends one command to activate 3 PLT HQ.
3. In the Activated Staff/PLT HQ segment, 3 PLT HQ draws a single
Action card and receives the number of commands in the box on the
upper left.
4. 3 PLT HQ expends one command to order 1st squad/3rd Platoon to
move.
5. The CO HQ could have ordered 1/3 directly but as a company has 9
squads and weapons teams, it is inefficient for the CO HQ to do so. It is
4 best to use the chain of command as much as possible.
3 5 6. The CO HQ is in communication with 2 PLT HQ in the next card
via SCR536 radio. Radios, phones, pyrotechnic signals and runners all
2 work to extend the ability of an HQ to command units in other cards. A
6 command is expended to activate 2nd PLT HQ.
7. 2nd PLT HQ then expends a command to order 2nd Squad/2nd Platoon
to do something. Note: The CO HQ is unable to command 2/2 directly
1 7 as the squad does not have a radio.
If neither PLT HQ was activated, it would draw for initiative and receive
the number of commands indicated in the square/smaller number in the
upper left of the Action card.
All units are attached to a particular HQ at the beginning of a

4.0 Command & Control mission. An HQ can only issue Commands to subordinate units,
The core mechanic of Fields of Fire is that HQs obtain a number to lower HQs and Staff, and to itself. For example, a unit of the
of Commands and expend them for Actions to control themselves 1st Platoon receives orders from the 1st Platoon’s HQ. The 1st
and other units. Generally, when a HQ is activated a card is drawn PLT HQ is subordinate to the CO HQ and CO Staff. The CO HQ
which determines the number of commands that HQ has for the is subordinate to the Battalion HQ and BN Staff. This means that
turn. This represents the limited time, energy, and situational a unit of the 1st Platoon could receive orders from the 1st PLT
awareness of the HQ during the turn. Commands can be saved HQ, CO HQ or Staff, Battalion HQ or Staff, but it cannot receive
for use in later turns, with some limitations, which represents orders from the 2nd PLT HQ. Limited Action Teams may receive
the HQ taking the time to create a plan of Action. orders from any HQ or Staff unit.
The act of exchanging Commands for Actions is called “orders,”
“ordering,” or “issuing an order.” Commands are an abstraction 4.1 Commands
of the HQ actually issuing verbal or written orders to effectively During the Friendly Command Phase HQs receive Commands.
communicate the intent of the HQ. The sequence in which you activate units flows down the chain
of command from higher to lower, from Battalion to Company
to Platoon. HQs are either Activated by their Higher HQ or they
take the Initiative. HQs that are Activated by their Higher HQ
tend to have more commands than those taking the Initiative. All
Commands must be used or saved during the Impulse in which
they are received; i.e. a CO HQ Command cannot be used during
the PLT HQ Impulse. You choose the order that PLT HQ or CO
Staff draw for Commands in the Impulse they are activated or 4.1.2 Modifications to the Command Draw
in the Initiative Impulse. When an HQ or Staff draws for Com- When drawing for Commands, whether in the Activation Seg-
mands it must use, save, or lose the excess before another HQ ment or the Initiative Segment (but never in the General Initiative
or Staff draws. Segment), modify the number on the Action card as follows:
4.1.1 Obtaining Commands A. If the HQ or Staff is
Battalion HQ Impulse • Pinned: –1
If the BN HQ is on the map, automatically give it the maximum • Green: –1
number of allowable Commands (6 for a daytime mission or 4 • Veteran: +1
for a night mission). Expend these Commands on any friendly • Under a Cover marker (including Fortifications): +1
subordinate units in play and in communication, including acti-
B. If the HQ or Staff’s card has:
vating the CO HQ. You cannot save BN HQ Commands.
• A VOF of Small Arms (S): –1
Note: The BN HQ is considered to be on the map if any higher • A VOF of Automatic Weapons (A): –2
HQ leader (Rgt/Bde Cmdr, Bn Cmdr, or the Bn XO/S-3) is • A VOF of Heavy Weapons (H), Sniper (S!), or Incoming!:
on the map. –3
CO HQ Impulse C. The Current Activity is No Contact: +1
When the BN HQ is not on the map and the CO HQ is in com- An HQ activated by a higher HQ gets a minimum of one Com-
munication with the BN HQ, automatically Activate the CO HQ. mand regardless of the modifiers. When drawing for Initiative,
Draw an action card. The number in the helmet icon is the number however, the modified total of Commands may be zero. Do not
of available Commands. This number may be modified by the modify the General Initiative Draw for Offensive and Defensive
conditions listed in 4.1.2. Subject to the limitations in 4.1.3, CO Missions. When performing a Combat Patrol Mission, halve the
HQ Commands (including saved Commands) may be expended General Initiative Draw, rounding down any fractions, as only a
on any friendly subordinate units in play and in communication, portion of the Company is being used.
or they may be saved.
4.1.3 Command Limitations
Note: The CO HQ cannot be activated if it is not in commu- During a daytime mission the maximum number of Commands
nication with BN HQ. that any HQ or Staff can expend in one Impulse is six. In any
mission with Limited Visibility (i.e., the Visibility Modifier is
PLT HQ/CO Staff Impulse
greater than +1) the maximum is four.
Draw an Action card for each Activated Platoon HQ/CO Staff.
The number in the helmet icon is the number of available Com- HQs and Staff may save Commands for later use based on their
mands. This number may be modified by the conditions in 4.1.2. Experience Level, as follows:
Subject to the limitations in 4.1.3, PLT HQ/CO Staff Commands • Green: Three for Daytime and two for Limited Visibility
(including saved Commands) may be expended on any friendly • Line: Six for Daytime and four for Limited Visibility
subordinate units in play and in communication, or they may • Veteran: Nine for Daytime and six for Limited Visibility
be saved. Use an HQ’s Commands marker to track Commands expended
Initiative Segment during a given Impulse by adding the Commands drawn and
If not activated during the Activation Segment, the CO HQ, adjusting it on the track as they are expended, subject to the
PLT HQ, and CO Staff have an Impulse in the Initiative Seg- limitations listed above. Then flip it to its Activation Complete
ment. Draw an Action Card for the CO HQ and PLT HQ (but side when it has completed its activation for that turn, leaving
do not draw for CO Staff). The number in the star icon (beneath the marker on the number denoting the number of saved com-
the helmet icon) is the number of available Commands. This mands, if any.
number may be modified by the conditions in 4.1.2. Subject There are some actions that always require an HQ/Staff to be the
to the limitations in 4.1.3, CO HQ/PLT HQ/CO Staff Initiative originator, even if attempted under General Initiative. These are:
Commands (including saved Commands) may be expended on Exhort, Reconstituting the CO HQ or a Platoon HQ, Creating/
any friendly subordinate units in play and in communication, or Dispatching/Dismissing a Runner, Designating a New Tactical
they may be saved. Control, Attempting to Reconstitute a Squad, and Firing an FPF
General Initiative Impulse or FPL
Draw an Action card. The number in the star icon is the num-
ber of available Commands. If the mission is a Combat Patrol,
halve this number, rounding down any fractions. Do not apply
the normal Command Draw modifiers to this draw. You do not
need an HQ or Staff unit to issue these Commands. Being in
communication is not required. Expend the commands on any
units in play. General Initiative Commands cannot be saved.
Example: B. CO HQ Impulse. Draw an Action card (refer to 4.2 Actions

Action Card in example above on page 14). The complete range of possible Actions is broken into four class-
The card drawn lists 4/2 for commands, so the CO HQ receives es. This is for ease of reference only. Not all units can perform all
four Commands because it is Activated (it uses the left most Actions; the limitations are listed below and summarized on the
number—inside the helmet illustration). Note that if the HQ Action Menu Player Aid card. The Actions are listed by name,
had an Experience Level of “Green,” that “4” would be modi- cost in Commands, the type of Command (automatic or attempt
fied by –1, for a result of “3.” So we get a final result of “4.” required), originator (the unit whose Command must be spent),
The CO HQ uses two of these Commands to activate the 1st permissible recipient units, and the specific details.
PLT and 2nd PLT HQs and decides to save the other two Com- A unit may perform more than one Action in a given Impulse,
mands for a later turn. We update the Command Display by but it may perform only one Action of any named type in that
moving the CO HQ Saved Commands marker to the “2” space. Impulse, except for movement within a Card (4.2.2.f). For in-
stance, a unit could be ordered to Repair a Cut Phone Line and
4.1.4 HQ and Staff Fire Teams Create a Runner in the same Impulse, but could not Create a
An HQ or Staff unit on its Fire Team side may only issue Com- Runner another time in that same Impulse.
mands to itself. It cannot be activated by a higher HQ—it must An Action can either be automatic or it may require an attempt.
draw for initiative. Any HQ converted to an Assault, Litter, or
• Perform an automatic Action immediately after you spend
Paralyzed Team cannot issue Commands until it is reconstituted.
the Command. You do not need to draw an Action card.
CO Staff cannot be reconstituted during a mission.
• For an attempted Action, you must first draw a number of
Action cards. For all Action attempts except Seeking Cover,
the base draw is two Action cards. The number of cards drawn
Example: (The Sniper is spotted. 2nd PLT HQ and

the US Weapons team have Field Phones). 2nd PLT is
activated and draws a card to determine its Commands.
The card shows 5/4. 2nd PLT HQ in this case is Veteran
(+1 modifier to Commands), but the card containing the
HQ has a Sniper! VOF on it (–3 modifier to Commands;
4.1.2A and B). Thus 2nd PLT HQ receives 3 Commands.
It also has one Command saved from a previous turn,
bringing 2nd PLT’s total available to four. The Com-
mands are spent as follows:
1 One Command to order 1/2 into the Gully. Mark
1/2 Exposed and place a PDF from the Gully
toward the Sniper. Since the Sniper is receiving
fire from at least two cards, also place a Crossfire
2 marker on the Sniper’s card.
2 Two Commands for a Platoon move to move the
HQ along with 2/2 and 3/2 into the Woods. Mark
all moving units Exposed and place a PDF from
the Woods toward the Sniper. Leave the reciprocal
3 PDF marker between the Bocage/Hedgerow and
the Village. The Fire Teams there will keep up
their fire.
3 One Command to order the Weapons team to Seek
Cover. The Weapons team draws four cards, one
1
of which has the word “Cover” at the top. Place
the Weapons team under a “+1 Cover” marker.
[The Sniper will follow protocol and move away in
the Enemy Activity Phase (9.6), but 2nd Platoon has
put itself in position to possibly hem in the Sniper and
catch him before he exits. Note the difficulty 2nd PLT
HQ will now have in controlling his units since they are
now spread out over three cards.]

Action Menus
The number of cards drawn is modified by +1 for Veteran and –1 for Green based on the recipient experience for Movement and Combat
actions, and originator experience for Rally actions. All Command & Control Actions are automatic; they require no Action Card draws.
4.2.1 Command & Control Actions

Name Cost Draw Originator Recipient Details
a. Activate a 1 Auto Any HQ or Any Both the originator and the recipient must be on their
subordinate Staff subordinate command sides (1.2.3B, 3.3.1). BN HQ can only activate the
HQ or Staff HQ or Staff CO HQ. Only CO HQ can activate PLT HQs or CO Staff.
b. Exhort 1 Auto Any HQ or Any You can declare this action once for any failed attempt. Draw
Staff subordinate one more Action card.
unit
c. Deploy 1 Auto Any HQ or Any Good Take the asset from Command Display or from under a unit
Pyrotechnic Staff Order unit with stacked with it and flip it to its deployed side on the same card
a pyrotechnic (or adjacent card for flares) as the unit deploying it. If there is
asset an action associated with that device on the Mission Log, then
perform or attempt all triggered actions (4.3.6 and 8.0).
d. Reconstitute 1 Auto CO HQ or Any Good Reduce the recipient by one Step and place the PLT HQ back
a PLT HQ CO Staff Order unit into play on that card at a Green Experience Level (10.2.2).
from that
platoon
e. Reconstitute 1 Auto BN HQ or Eligible HQ or You may reconstitute the CO HQ only from one of the
the CO HQ CO Staff Staff following units in the following order of precedence if that
unit is still in play and on its command side: XO, any Platoon
HQ, Arty FO, 1st Sergeant, CO GySgt, any Good Order Step
in that Platoon (10.2.2).
f. Create a 1 Auto CO HQ Any Good Reduce the recipient by one Step and place a Runner on the
Runner Order unit, map where the recipient unit is located. You can have no
Assault Team, more than two Runners in play at any given time (4.3.2).
or Fire Team
g. Dispatch a 1 Auto CO HQ A Good Order Move the Runner to any PLT HQ or CO Staff unit on the
Runner Runner unit map that you want to activate next turn. Mark the Runner as
Exposed (4.3.2).
h. Dismiss a 1 Auto CO HQ A Good Order Remove the Runner from play and add a Step to a Good
Runner Runner unit Order unit that can absorb at least one Step and that is located
on the same card as the runner and the CO HQ (4.3.2).
i. Activate a 1 Auto Any HQ or An unpinned Mark the unit as Activated. You may move it or have it fire in
Vehicle or AT- Staff vehicle or the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase (7.2 and 7.5).
capable Infantry AT-capable
unit for the infantry unit
Vehicle Phase
j. Switch 1 Auto Any HQ or A unit with a Replace the same kind of radio or phone with one that has
Radio/Phone Staff radio or phone been removed from play. For example, if the SCR300 BN TAC
to a Different radio has been destroyed, you can switch the SCR300 Arty FD
Network net with the SCR300 BN TAC net (4.3.4 and 4.3.5).
k. Repair a Cut 1 Auto Any HQ or A Good Order Flip the Phone Line marker back to its normal side (4.3.4).
Phone Line Staff on the unit on the
same card as same card as a
the cut line Cut Phone Line
l. Designate a 1 Auto CO HQ (or The HQ itself Place a new tactical control measure on the same card as
New Tactical PLT HQ the HQ that expends the command (see 5.1.7 for Casualty
Control on a Patrol Collection Point and MEDEVAC LZ; see 7.4.5 for Landing
Mission; Zones).
4.1.3)

4.2.2 Movement Actions

a. Move to 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Move the unit to an adjacent card and mark it as Exposed.
an Adjacent Staff unit* not marked as If there is a Cover marker on that card, you may place
Card Exposed the unit under that Cover marker. Do not mark a unit
as Exposed if it moves from under a Trench, Bunker,
or Pillbox Cover marker on the first card to under one
of those Cover markers on the second card or moves
between Attached Buildings on an Urban Terrain Card
(see 5.1.2; see 12.7 for Urban Terrain).
b. Move a 2 Automatic PLT HQ All Good Order Have each unit in the platoon perform a Move to an
Platoon to units of that platoon Adjacent Card action (5.1.2).
an Adjacent on the same card
Card that are not marked
as Exposed
c. Attempt 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ or Any Good Order Either the origin card or the intended destination card
to Infiltrate Staff unit* not marked as must have a VOF marker on it in order to purchase this
an Adjacent Exposed, and that Action. If that is the case, draw Action cards and check
Card does not have an A for the Infiltrate icon. If it is present, then the attempt
& an arrow symbol succeeds; move the unit to the adjacent card but do not
or an H VOF rating mark it as Exposed. If there is cover on that card, you
may place the unit under a Cover marker. If the attempt
fails, perform a regular Move to an Adjacent card action
(5.1.4)
d. Attempt 2 2 (+/–) PLT HQ All Good Order Have each unit in the platoon perform an Attempt to
to have a units of that platoon Infiltrate an Adjacent card action (5.1.4).
Platoon on the same card
Infiltrate an that are not marked
Adjacent as Exposed and that
Card do not have an A &
an arrow symbol or
an H VOF rating
e. Attempt 1 Cover # Any HQ or Any Good Order Draw of Action cards equal to the Cover Draw number on
to Seek (+/–) Staff unit* not under a the unit’s card and check for the text saying Cover. If it is
Cover Cover marker and present, then the attempt succeeds; place the unit under a
the card has not new Cover marker and mark it as Exposed. If the attempt
reached its Cover fails, do nothing (5.1.1).
Potential
f. Move to 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Place the unit under a Cover marker and mark it as
or from Staff unit* Exposed. (You may move the unit from under one Cover
Cover marker and place it under another in the same action;
5.1.1.)
g. Attempt 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ or Any Good Order If the card has a VOF marker, draw Action cards and
to Infiltrate Staff unit* not marked as check for the Infiltrate icon. If the icon is present, then the
to or from Exposed attempt succeeds; place the unit under a Cover marker but
Cover do not mark it as Exposed. (You may move the unit from
under one Cover marker and place it under another in the
same action.) If the attempt fails, perform a regular Move
to or from Cover action (5.1.4).
h. Pick 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Have the unit pick up items from the card or from a
up, Load, Staff unit* different unit, or have a vehicle unit load or unload
Unload, ammunition or casualties, or have an infantry unit embark
Embark, or on or disembark from a vehicle (5.1.6).
Disembark
Notes: * Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

4.2.3 Rally Actions

a. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–), Any HQ or Any unit under a If the recipient’s card has any VOF marker on it,
Remove a Pinned Automatic Staff Pinned marker draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon.
marker if no VOF If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds;
remove the Pinned marker. If the attempt fails, do
nothing. If there is no VOF marker on the card then
the action is automatically successful (10.1.1).
b. Attempt 1 2 (+/–), Any HQ or Any unpinned If the recipient’s card has any VOF marker on it,
to Convert a Automatic Staff Paralyzed LAT draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon.
Paralyzed Team to if no VOF If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds;
a Litter Team exchange the Paralyzed Team for a Litter Team.
If the attempt fails, do nothing. If there is no VOF
marker on the card then the action is automatically
successful (10.1.3).
c. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–), Any HQ or Any unpinned If the recipient’s card has any VOF marker on it,
Convert a Litter Automatic Staff Litter LAT draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon.
Team to a Fire if no VOF If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds;
Team exchange the Litter Team for a Fire Team. If
the attempt fails, do nothing. If there is no VOF
d. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–), Any HQ or Any unpinned Fire If the recipient’s card has any VOF marker on it,
Convert a Fire Automatic Staff LAT draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon.
Team to an Assault if no VOF If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds;
Team exchange the Fire Team for an Assault Team. If
the attempt fails, do nothing. If there is no VOF
e. Convert an 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any unpinned Replace the Assault Team with a Fire Team.
Assault Team to a Staff Assault LAT
Fire Team
f. Attempt to Flip 1 2 (+/–), Any HQ or The HQ or Staff If the recipient’s card has any VOF marker on it,
a unit with a Fire Automatic Staff itself, or any draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon. If
Team Side to Front if no VOF unpinned Fire LAT the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds; flip
with a Weapons the Fire Team side back to its Good Order side. If
Team, FO, or HQ the attempt fails, do nothing. If there is no VOF
on its Good Order marker on the card then the action is automatically
side successful (10.1.2).
g. Detach Team 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Reduce the squad by a step and place either an
Staff 3-4 Step squad Assault or Fire Team into play on the card.
h. Supplement 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Remove the Team from play and add the step to the
Squad Staff 2-3 Step squad and squad.
an unpinned Fire
or Assault Team
i. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ or 2 to 4 unpinned Draw Action cards and check for the Rally icon.
Reconstitute Squad Staff Assault or Fire If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds;
Teams remove the 2 to 4 Teams and replace them with
a squad with an equal number of steps that has
previously been removed from play. If the attempt
fails, do nothing (10.2.1).
j. Flip a unit with a 1 Automatic Any HQ or Any Good Order Flip the unit from its Good Order side to its Fire
Fire Team Side to Staff unit with a Fire Team side (10.1.2).
its Fire Team side Team side

4.2.4 Combat Actions

a. Attempt to 1 2 Any HQ Any Good Order unit* Draw Action cards, modified also by the Spotting modifiers on the
Spot or Staff Spotting Attempts Draw Modifiers Chart, and check for the Crosshairs
icon. If the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds; remove any PC
“?” marker. If the attempt fails, do nothing (9.3).
b. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ Any Good Order unit* Draw Action cards and check for the Crosshairs icon. (Draw an extra
Concentrate or Staff with an S, A, A/S, or H card when firing a tripod-mounted machine gun according to 6.4.)
Fire VOF Rating If the icon is present and within the firing unit’s range and LOS, and
along its PDF, then the attempt succeeds; place a Concentrated Fire
marker on the target unit. If the unit tracks ammo, it expends 2 instead
of 1 ammo point. If the attempt fails, do nothing (6.6).
c. Attempt to 2 2 (+/–) PLT HQ All Good Order units Draw two (+/–) Action cards for each unit and check for the
have a Platoon of that platoon with Crosshairs icon. If the icon is present and the target unit is spotted,
Concentrate S, A, A/S, or H VOF within the firing unit’s range and LOS, and along its PDF, then the
Fire Ratings on the same attempt succeeds; place a Concentrated Fire marker on the target unit.
card If the attempt fails, do nothing (6.6).
d. Attempt to 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ Any Good Order unit* Draw Action cards and check for the Grenade icon. If the icon is
make a Grenade or Staff present, then the attempt succeeds; place a Grenade Attack VOF
Attack marker on the target. If successful against an unpinned enemy unit
with a VOF Rating on the same card, it makes a free grenade attack
in response. If the original attempt fails, place a Grenade Miss VOF
marker on the card and adjust the NCM accordingly for all occupants
of the card, both friendly and enemy (6.5.1).
e. Attempt 1 2 (+/–) Any HQ Any demo capable Draw Action Cards and check for the Grenade icon. If the icon is
to Throw a or Staff unit with a demolition present, then the attempt succeeds; place a Demo Attack VOF marker
Demolition charge on the target. If the attempt fails, place a Demo Miss VOF marker
Charge on the card and adjust the Net Combat Modifier accordingly for all
occupants of the card, both friendly and enemy (6.5.2).
f. Place a 1 Auto Any HQ Any demo capable Place a Demo Attack VOF marker on the target (6.5.2).
Demolition or Staff unit with a demolition
Charge charge
g. Flamethrower 1 Auto Any HQ Any flamethrower unit Place a Flame Attack VOF marker on the target (6.5.3).
Attack or Staff with a flamethrower
h. Attempt to 2 2 (+/–) PLT HQ All Good Order units Draw Action cards for each unit and check for the Grenade icon. If
have a Platoon of that platoon on the the icon is present, then the attempt succeeds; place a Grenade Attack
make a Grenade same card VOF marker on the target. If successful against an unpinned enemy
Attack unit with a VOF Rating on the same card, it makes a free grenade
attack in response. If the original attempt fails, place a Grenade Miss
VOF marker on the card and adjust the NCM accordingly for all
occupants of the card, both friendly and enemy (6.5.1).
i. Attempt 1 Per Any HQ Any eligible Draw a number of Action cards per the Mission Instructions and
to Call for Mission or Staff observer per Mission check for the Burst icon (Draw an extra Action card if the fire is
Fire from Instructions Instructions preregistered according to 6.7.5). If the icon is present and the Call for
an Off-Map Fire prerequisites are met (6.7.1), then the attempt succeeds; expend
Firing agency an available Fire Mission on the Mission Log and place a Pending Fire
(Includes Mission marker on the target card (6.7).
Air Strikes
and Attack
Helicopters)
j. Call for Fire 1 Automatic Any HQ Any On-Map Mortar Place the appropriate VOF marker on any spotted enemy card in the
from an On- or Staff unit originator’s LOS and in range of the firing mortar. The firing mortar
Map Mortar unit must have at least two Steps. The mortar unit expends ammo
(6.7.4).
Notes: * Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

4.2.4 Combat Actions (continued)

k. Cease Fire 1 Automatic Any HQ All occupants of Remove any VOF/PDF generated by the occupants of the card. Note
or Staff the card whether in that units will open fire automatically on the closest spotted enemy
communication with in their LOS if the enemy unit’s card does not have any friendly units
the originator or not (4.3.1, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.2.3).
l. Shift Fire 1 Automatic Any HQ All occupants of a Move the VOF/PDF in any desired direction, engaging any other card
or Staff card with a VOF in the originator’s LOS, including an unoccupied card (4.3.1, 6.1.2,
Rating whether in 6.2.3).
communication with
the originator or not
m. Fire FPF/ 1 Automatic CO HQ All Good Order units For an FPF, place a Pending Fire Mission marker on the FPF marker’s
FPL tasked with an FPF card. For an FPL, place a Heavy Weapons VOF marker along the LOS
and/or FPL during a shown by the arrow on the FPL marker (6.4).
Defensive Mission
Note: * = Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

for Seeking Cover is listed on the Terrain card itself. Modify Pinned
the number of cards to draw based on the attempting unit’s
(This state takes precedence over any other LAT limitations
Experience Level modifier. For a Spotting attempt, use the
listed below.)
Spotting Modifiers Chart. Whether an attempt succeeds or
not depends on the Action being attempted (see the individual • Reduce its VOF to All Pinned
cases on the Action charts). Remember, for any attempted • Apply a +1 Net Combat Modifier (as shown on the marker)
Actions: the card draw is always modified by the Experience Movement Actions (4.2.2) Allowed:
Level of the unit that is attempting a Movement or Combat a. Move to an Adjacent card, but only if that card is a Staging
Action, or, for Rally Actions, by the HQ or Staff who gave Area or is friendly occupied with no VOF on it
the order. e. Attempt to Seek Cover
The following notes apply to the Action charts on pages 17-21: f. Move to or from Cover
1. By itself, “card” refers to a Terrain card. Any reference to an Rally Actions (4.2.3) Allowed:
Action card uses the full name.
a. Attempt to Remove a Pinned marker
2. When executing a Platoon Action, count the PLT HQ as a unit
in the Platoon and draw cards using the Experience Level of the Combat Actions (4.2.4) Allowed:
individual units making the attempt (i.e., The PLT HQ could be None
Green, and 1st Squad Veteran with each making the attempt indi-
vidually, the PLT HQ drawing 1 card and 1st Squad drawing 3). Assault Team (Experience Level: Line)
Movement Actions (4.2.2) Allowed:
4.2.5 Pinned and LAT limitations
a. Move to an Adjacent card
Units that are not pinned and not LAT units are considered to be c. Attempt to Infiltrate an Adjacent card
in “Good Order.” You may perform or attempt to perform only
e. Attempt to Seek Cover
a limited set of Actions with Pinned and LAT units. These are
f. Move to or from Cover
also summarized on the LAT Limitations Chart.
g. Attempt to Infiltrate to or from Cover
h. Pick up, Load, Unload, Embark, or Disembark
Rally Actions (4.2.3) Allowed:
e. Convert an Assault Team to a Fire Team
h. Supplement Squad
i. Attempt to Reconstitute Squad
Combat Actions (4.2.4) Allowed:
a. Attempt to Spot
b. Attempt to Concentrate Fire
d. Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack
k. Cease Fire
l. Shift Fire

Litter Team (Experience Level: Green) 4.3 Communication

Movement Actions (4.2.2) Allowed: To order a unit to perform an Action, the originator (the ordering
a. Move to the Staging Area or an Adjacent card, but only if HQ or Staff) must be able to communicate with the recipient unit.
that card is friendly occupied with no VOF on it
4.3.1 Visual-Verbal
c. Attempt to Infiltrate an Adjacent card, but only if friendly
occupied In order to be in Visual-Verbal communication, both units must
be on the same card, be unpinned, and either
e. Attempt to Seek Cover
f. Move to or from Cover a) both are under the same Cover marker or
g. Attempt to Infiltrate to or from Cover b) neither one is under a Cover marker.
h. Pick up, Load, Unload, Embark, or Disembark This is the basic method of communication and includes talking,
Rally Actions (4.2.3) Allowed: shouting, and hand and arm signals. Exception #1: All occupants
of a card can receive a Cease Fire (4.2.4.k) or Shift Fire (4.2.4.l)
c. Attempt to Convert a Litter Team to a Fire Team
Command. Exception #2: Pinned units can always receive a
Combat Actions (4.2.4) Allowed: Visual-Verbal Rally order.
None
4.3.2 Runners
Fire Team (Experience Level: Green) Runners allow the CO HQ to activate its subordinate HQs and
Movement Actions (4.2.2) Allowed: Staff the following turn (if the Runner is not hit or Pinned in the
a. Move to an Adjacent card, but only if that card is a Staging intervening Combat Phase). Runners are created during play (i.e.,
Area or is friendly occupied with no VOF on it. Fire Teams you do not start with any Runners). After being created, they are
cannot be used to scout into cards with PC markers on them dispatched and dismissed with the corresponding Actions ordered
c. Attempt to Infiltrate an Adjacent card, but only if friendly by the CO HQ. You can have two Runners in play at any given
occupied time. When not in use, place them on the Command Display.
e. Attempt to Seek Cover They move automatically with the CO HQ.
f. Move to or from Cover The CO HQ spends a Command to Dispatch a Runner if there
g. Attempt to Infiltrate to or from Cover is one available, and then places the Runner next to the PLT HQ
h. Pick up, Load, Unload, Embark, or Disembark or Staff you wish to activate next turn. If the Runner is not hit
or Pinned in the Combat Effects Segment, then the following
Rally Actions (4.2.3) Allowed: turn the PLT HQ or Staff is activated and the Runner returns
d. Attempt to Convert a Fire Team to an Assault Team automatically to CO HQ. This was the primary method of com-
h. Supplement Squad mand and control prior to the widespread usage of the radios at
i. Attempt to Reconstitute Squad the company and platoon level.
Combat Actions (4.2.4) Allowed: 4.3.3 Networks
a. Attempt to Spot To facilitate command and control, Radios and Field Telephone
b. Attempt to Concentrate Fire (RT) networks are established and maintained. You choose
d. Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack during mission planning if you want to use phones or radios.
k. Cease Fire RTs communicate only on assigned networks. Each phone and
l. Shift Fire radio counter shows the network to which it belongs. You can
have units exchange lost or destroyed RTs with RTs of the same
Paralyzed Team (Experience Level: Green) type from a different network at the cost of one Command each
Movement Actions (4.2.2) Allowed: (4.2.1.j).
a. Move to the Staging Area or an Adjacent card, but only if The organization of the RT networks depends on the purpose of
that card is friendly occupied with no VOF on it the communication, as follows:
Rally Actions (4.2.3) Allowed: 1) CO TAC (Company Tactical Network): This is used for
b. Attempt to Convert a Paralyzed Team to a Litter Team tactical control of the Company, and allows the Company
HQ to communicate with its Staff and Platoon leaders. The
Combat Actions (4.2.4) Allowed: CO HQ’s RT is the hub of the CO TAC net. RTs used by
None PLT HQs, Staff, and Weapons Teams must connect to the
CO HQ’s RT to communicate on the CO TAC Net. FOs and
regimental Staff may not communicate on this network. The
Battalion Staff may use the CO TAC Net if located with the
CO HQ.
2) BN TAC (Battalion Tactical Network): This is used for
command and control of the Battalion, and it allows the
Phone and Radio Examples

Yellow arrows denote communication. Stacked cards are hills. Black outlines are dark-bordered cards.
Phone Network from Staging Area: Phone Network on Map 2:
Phone Network on Map 1: SCR-536 Network:
Because it is on a hill, the Radio in row 1, col 3 has LOS to

the other three and can communicate as long as none is under
cover or pinned.
Also, the radios in row 1, col 1, and row 3, col 3 have LOS to
one another and can communicate.

Battalion HQ to communicate with its Staff and CO HQs. Line marker to its cut side. You may not use that Phone Line for
The CO HQ’s RT must connect to the Staging Area, if communication until the line is restored. You can restore a cut
using phones, to communicate on the BN TAC Net. Only Phone Line in the following Command Phase by performing
the CO HQ and the BN HQ (and the BN’s Staff) may an Action to do so. If a Phone Line marker is on a card with a
communicate on this network. (Reminder: If the CO HQ is Good Order enemy unit but no Good Order friendly unit, there
not in communication with the BN HQ, the CO HQ cannot is a 2-in-3 chance that the enemy will discover the line and cut
Activate.) it during the Combat Effects Phase.
3) ARTY FD (Artillery Fire Direction Network): This is used If the last or only step of a unit with a phone becomes a casualty,
for control of artillery Fire Missions, and it allows the Arty there is a 1-in-2 chance that its phone will be destroyed. Select
FO to communicate with artillery units that are providing fire an Action card, noting the result in the “2” column of the card’s
support to the Company. The Arty FO’s RT must connect to Random Assignment Area. If the result is a “1,” the phone is
the Staging Area, if using phones, to communicate on the destroyed; remove it from play. If the result is a “2,” place the
ARTY FD Net. Only the Arty FO may communicate on this Phone marker on the map. You can have another unit pick it up
network.
and use it if commanded to do so (4.2.2h).
4) MTR FD (Mortar Fire Direction Network): This is used
for control of mortar Fire Missions, and it allows the Mtr FO 4.3.5 Radios
to communicate with off map mortar units that are providing Radios allow communication with units in other cards, or be-
fire support to the Company. The Mtr FO’s RT must connect tween units in cover and those not in the same cover (with some
to the Staging Area, if using phones, to communicate on the exceptions). The Mission Instructions dictate the available types
MTR FD Net. Only the Mtr FO may communicate on this of radios. Put radios in the proper boxes of the Command Display.
network. Radio technology determines the effectiveness of the radio. The
5) AIR CTL (Air Support Control Network): This is used following types are used in various eras:
for control of air support missions, and it allows an FAC
to communicate with aircraft providing fire support to the A. Early Handheld Radios (SCR536)
Company. The FAC’s RT must connect to the Staging Area, Because of its limited broadcast strength, the SCR-536 allows
if using phones, to communicate on the AIR CTL Net. Only radio communication only within Line of Sight (as if Daylight,
the FAC may communicate on this network. and ignoring smoke). The SCR-536 does not work from under
a Cover marker.
4.3.4 Field Telephones
B. Man pack, VHF-FM Radios (SCR300, PRC25, PRC77,
You may have units with field telephones communicate with units PRC119), and Vehicle Radios
on other cards, or with units off map, or with units in different
These can communicate anywhere on the map with other radios
areas (different Cover markers) of the same card. Field phones on
in the same network, unless the Mission Instructions indicate
the CO TAC Net automatically connect to the CO HQ’s phone,
otherwise. (Some campaign-specific terrain is more drastic and
if calling from the same card with the CO HQ, or from a card
interferes with radio traffic.)
adjacent to it. Field Phones on networks other than the CO TAC
Net automatically connect to their respective off-map agencies, C. Advanced Handheld Radios (ICOM, PRR, PRC148, PRC152)
if calling from a card adjacent to the Staging Area. When these squad radios are in use, not only are the PLT HQs in
Field telephones must connect via an unbroken string of Phone communication with the CO HQ, the squads are in communica-
Line markers when they are more than one card apart. As you tion with their PLT HQ throughout the same and adjacent cards.
move units, you may have them lay down one Phone Line marker If the last or only step of a unit with a radio becomes a casualty,
per card. This does not require an Action and occurs automati- there is a 1-in-2 chance that its radio will be destroyed. Select
cally when a laying unit leaves a card. To use its phone, a unit an Action card, noting the result in the “2” column of the card’s
with a phone does not need a Phone Line marker for the card it Random Assignment Area. If the result is a “1,” the radio is
occupies, but it does need one for each intervening card between destroyed; remove it from play. If the result is a “2,” place the
it and the CO HQ (for the CO TAC Net) or the Staging Area (for Radio marker on the map. You can have another unit pick it up
the other networks). You can have a unit lay a Phone Line only if and use it if commanded to do so (4.2.2h).
the unit is carrying one. Note that there are only eight Phone Line
counters available to the Company. Any number of phones and 4.3.6 Pyrotechnics
phone networks may be supported by a given Phone Line marker. Pyrotechnic devices have three basic purposes: Signaling, Illumi-
You must assign Phone Line markers to units at the beginning nating, and Concealment. The Action of deploying a Pyrotechnic
of the Mission as you do with any other asset. device is the same regardless of the purpose for which it is being
used. Aerial rocket devices, such as colored flares and illumina-
During the Combat Effects Phase on cards containing both In-
tion, may be placed on the same card as, or any card adjacent to,
coming! VOF and Phone Line markers, there is a 1-in-2 chance
the unit deploying them. Non-aerial devices can only be placed
of cut phone lines. To find out if a phone line is cut, select an
on the same card as the deploying unit.
Action card, noting the result in the “2” column of the card’s
Random Assignment Area. If the result is a “1,” flip the Phone

Signaling devices are either colored smoke or colored flares. General Pyrotechnic Options in Missions with Helicopters
The campaign instructions assign Pyrotechnic devices to the
or Airstrikes
Company. You then assign specific Actions from the Action
Menu to each color and type of device, noting the relationship Command Mission Log Entry
on the Mission Log. All units with a clear LOS to the signal Mark Landing Zone LZ (colored smoke LZ
will perform or attempt to perform the particular Action when option only)
seeing the device. Mark friendly positions (colored smoke Mark
You can use a Pyrotechnic to initiate the Actions listed on the fol- or WP only)
lowing chart, assuming these criteria are met: 1) the unit with the
device must be the one ordered to Deploy the Pyrotechnic, 2) only A. Colored Flares
one Action is associated with the device, and 3) the prerequisites Colored flares are visible from anywhere on the map regardless
for performing that associated Action are met (e.g., each unit has of LOS. There are four types of colored flares available for sig-
the necessary LOS to the device, is in the required state, etc.). naling: Red Star Parachute (RSP), Green Star Parachute (GSP),
The chart lists the Actions by mission type (offensive, defensive, Red Star Cluster (RSC), and Green Star Cluster (GSC). (While
or patrol) and the shorthand to put on the mission log. You may handheld illumination devices are in reality flares, they are not
also develop a standard operation procedure (SOP) for signals used for signaling but are used during night missions to mitigate
you prefer and use it to save time between missions. the effects of darkness on combat; 8.1.)
Offensive Mission Pyrotechnic Signal Options B. Colored Smoke (Non-aerial)

Colored smoke is for signaling only and has no screening effect
Command Mission Log Entry
on LOS or combat. Colored smoke appears only at the level
Cease Fire CF where it was placed (it does not billow upwards to any significant
Shift Fire SF degree), and units must be able to trace a normal LOS to that
If Adjacent to PL#, move across that PL XPL# level in order for it to be used as a signal. There are four types
If Adjacent to Primary Objective, move M2PO of colored smoke available for signaling: Red, Green, Yellow,
to it and Purple.
Infiltrate from Attack Position to Pri- InfAP2PO C. Smoke (Non-aerial)
mary Objective You can use either Smoke or WP (White Phosphorus) smoke to
If Adjacent to Secondary Objective, M2SO provide concealment. The campaign instructions list available
move to it smoke devices. Smoke and WP smoke provide the defensive
Infiltrate from Attack Position to Sec- InfAP2SO concealment printed on the marker. Units in a card with smoke
ondary Objective cannot fire out of the card, but can fire within the card. Smoke
appears at ground level, and units must be able to trace a normal
If Adjacent to signal, move to it M2S
LOS to it in order for it to be used as a signal. Smoke blocks Line
of Sight at all levels as it does billow up in significant quantity.
Defensive Mission Pyrotechnic Signal Options
Command Mission Log Entry WP smoke has a combat effect as well as a screening effect. You
can deploy WP smoke like any other Pyrotechnic device, or you
Cease Fire CF can deploy it during an Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack Action.
Shift Fire SF When part of a grenade attack, conduct the attempt normally,
Fire the Final Protective Fires (FPF) FPF but place the deployed WP marker in addition to any results of
If Adjacent to signal, move to it M2S the grenade attack. WP Smoke may also appear as part of a Fire
Mission for screening or as a prerequisite to an air strike (see
Patrol Mission Pyrotechnic Signal Options Indirect Fire Missions). WP Smoke may also be available as
ammunition for Tanks, Recoilless Rifles, or Rocket Launchers
Command Mission Log Entry
per the mission instructions.
Cease Fire CF
D. Tear Gas (CS, Non-aerial)
Shift Fire SF
CS gas has a combat effect as well as a screening effect. US units
If Adjacent to Route Point #, move to it M2RP# have gas masks that negate the combat effect. The screening
If Adjacent Primary Objective, move M2PO effect is identical to Smoke. In the Enemy Activity Segment,
to it all enemy units in a card with CS that are Good Order units are
If Adjacent to signal, move to it M2S immediately converted to Fire Teams. All units then check to
see if they fall back with 2-in-3 chance of falling back. Units
that fall back are marked Exposed and move one card with their
first priority being a card that is out of LOS of all US units. The
next priority is the card with the highest Cover & Concealment
value. If more than one of the allowable cards fits the priorities,
determine the card randomly. Those that remain are Pinned. CS 5.1.3 Exposed Units
gas can be deployed in handheld pyrotechnics, like a Smoke or Moving in a combat environment entails a degree of risk that is
WP Grenade. It may also be deployed with 40mm Grenades or represented by Exposed markers. All movement which is not a
a CS Projector. The 40mm Grenades and CS Projector allow successful Infiltration (or between Adjacent Bunkers, Pillboxes,
CS to be deployed at Close Range. The 40mm Grenade can be Trenches, or Attached Buildings [12.7]) will gain the moving
used by any G! capable (40mm Grenade Launcher equipped) US unit an Exposed marker. A unit marked Exposed cannot move to
Squad. The CS Projector is an Asset that cannot be fired from another card, but may move within the card, including Seeking
inside a building. Cover. A unit remains Exposed until the marker is removed in
the Clean Up Phase.
There is a Staging Area of notional cards adjacent to the bottom
5.0 Infantry Movement & Terrain edge of the map in most missions. Do not mark units Exposed
when moving between notional cards in the Staging Area. Thus,
5.1 Movement
it is possible to move units between multiple notional cards in the
You move your infantry units on the map in the Command Phase Staging Area during a Command Phase as long as Commands
by using Commands to purchase movement Actions (4.2.2). are available to do so.
Physically move each unit as soon as you purchase its Action.
The two basic forms of movement for infantry are movement 5.1.4 Infiltration
within a card and movement to another card. Infiltration is movement under enemy fire. Any Good Order unit
(or LAT in certain cases) not marked as Exposed, and that does
5.1.1 Movement within a Card not have an A & an arrow symbol or an H VOF rating, may at-
Possible Movement Actions are 4.2.2e, f, and g. tempt Infiltration. Either the origin card or the destination card
The rules for moving within a card are: must have a VOF marker on it in order to purchase this Action. If
so, draw two (+/–) Action cards and check for the Infiltrate icon.
• Mark any unit that moves, unless it successfully infiltrates,
If it is present, then the attempt succeeds: move the unit to the
with an Exposed marker.
adjacent card but do not mark it as Exposed. If there is cover on
• You may not have a unit under a Cover marker Attempt to that card, you may place the unit under a Cover marker. If there is
Seek Cover. no Infiltrate icon present, the attempt fails and becomes a regular
• A unit may move within a card an unlimited number of times Move to an Adjacent card Action (it still costs a Command and
in a given Command Impulse or phase even if already marked an Exposed marker is placed on the unit[s]). Infiltration within a
Exposed. card requires that the card have a VOF marker (4.2.2.g). In Ur-
• If multiple Trench, Bunker, or Pillbox markers exist in a given ban Terrain (12.0), it is impossible to infiltrate from an adjacent
card, you may move units between them without having to card using the inherent cover of buildings (exception: Attached
mark them as Exposed. Buildings, 12.7) due to the requirement (per 12.2) that a ‘Move
• Pinned and LAT units may be limited (4.2.5). to Cover’ Action be used, unless there is a Breach (12.6).
5.1.2 Movement to Another Card 5.1.5 Stacking
Movement is to an adjacent card, including diagonally. Possible Stacking is having more than one unit on a card. You may have no
Movement Actions are 4.2.2a, b, c, and d. more than 16 Steps and four vehicles per side on a card (1.2.1I).
The rules for moving to another card are: Steps embarked on vehicles do not count. The number of Steps
• Mark any unit that moves, unless it successfully infiltrates, under a cover marker may affect combat (5.2.3). Casualties do
with an Exposed marker. not count against card capacity limits, nor do Brewed Up or
Wrecked vehicles.
• You may not move a unit that is marked with an Exposed
marker to a new card. 5.1.6 Transportation of Items and Units
• When entering another card that has an unoccupied or friendly Having a unit or a vehicle perform a Pick Up, Load, Unload, Em-
occupied Cover marker, the moving unit may move directly bark, or Disembark Action allows that unit to acquire or offload
under the Cover marker. assets, casualties, ammunition, and/or passengers. You can use
• If Trench, Bunker, Pillbox, or Attached Building markers this Action in three different situations: to have a unit pick up
exist in two adjacent cards, units may move between them or drop off items, to have a unit embark on or disembark from a
without being marked as Exposed. vehicle, or to have a vehicle load or unload items.
• Pinned and LAT units may be limited (4.2.5).
A. Transport Capacity
• Although diagonal movement is generally allowed, Infantry
units (Friendly or Enemy) cannot move through a PDF when A vehicle can carry an unlimited number of assets. The transport
moving diagonally. capacity of infantry units, however, is limited per the chart below.
In addition to assets, a unit or vehicle may carry any one type of
the following: casualties, prisoners, one type of ammunition, or,
for vehicles only, Infantry unit Steps. Each Step of an Infantry

unit has a transport capacity of one (an Infantry Step is equivalent D. Loading and Unloading Vehicles
to a transport point). The transport capacity of each vehicle is A unit, whether Exposed or not, may load items onto a vehicle
listed on the Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart. or unload items from a vehicle, up to the vehicle’s Transport
When a unit becomes a casualty it loses its ability to transport Capacity. You must give the unit a Command to load or unload.
and drops any it currently carries on its card. Mark both the vehicle and the unit involved in either loading or
unloading as Exposed.
When a unit that is transporting casualties or assets becomes
Pinned or Paralyzed (neither can perform a Pick Up, Load, 5.1.7 Evacuating Casualties
Unload, Embark, or Disembark Action), it does not drop what You can gain Experience Points by successfully evacuating
it is carrying, but it will not be able to transport the casualties friendly casualties from the map. If a casualty is transported and
or assets any farther until rallied to a status that will allow it to dropped off at the appropriate point, that casualty is considered to
do so (when carrying casualties—only—Litter Teams are the be evacuated by a notional ambulance or by helicopter. Remove
exception to this; 3.5). the casualty in the Clean Up Phase. Place any evacuated casual-
Note: You cannot transport Prisoners. ties in the appropriate holding box on the Command Display
for ease of calculating Experience Points earned and number of
Each point of transport capacity can carry one of the following:
wounded returned to duty for the next mission.
Item Vehicle Infantry Step For WWII, Korea, and Volume II Vietnam (Hue City) missions,
Friendly Casualty 1 1 you must designate a Casualty Collection Point Tactical Control,
MG Ammo 6 6 either prior to the mission start or after the mission begins (if
MTR Ammo 2 2 after the mission begins, you must use a Designate a New Tacti-
cal Control command).
RCL or RKT Ammo 3 3
For Volume I Vietnam missions, you can evacuate casualties one
Flamethrower (2 Shots) 1 1
of two ways: either by helicopter from any LZ to the Pick Up
Demolition Charge Unlimited 2+Any other Zone as per 7.4.5, or by dropping off a casualty at the MEDEVAC
Ammo and Assets LZ Tactical Control on a card containing an HQ or Staff unit (to
Infantry Step 1 N/A direct operations). You can designate an LZ as the MEDEVAC
Assets (Radios, Phones, Phone Unlimited 6+Any other LZ either before or after a mission begins, or switch it during
Line, Pyrotechnic, Rifle Grenades) Ammo a mission, but there can only be one in play at a time. You may
use an LZ as both a regular LZ and the MEDEVAC LZ in the
Example: A demolition Team (1 Step) can carry 2 demolition same turn.
charges + 3 RKT Ammo + 1 Smoke + 1 WP Smoke (2 of 6
Assets); A CO HQ (1 Step) can carry the BN TAC Net Radio 5.2 Terrain
+ CO TAC Net Radio + 4 Pyrotechnic devices + up to 2 De-
molition Charges. Each campaign will have a deck of Terrain cards which will be
used to build a game map. The Mission Details will tell how you
B. Picking up and Dropping off Loads many rows and columns of Terrain cards you need to build the
A unit, whether it is marked Exposed or not, may pick up and map. Columns indicate the number of cards to lay vertically left
drop off items up to its Transport Capacity. You must give a unit to right; rows indicate the number of rows to lay horizontally
a Pick Up, Load, Unload, Embark, or Disembark Command to away from you.
pick something up, but you can have a unit drop something off The Mission Instructions also indicate whether to lay the Terrain
without a separate Command. Mark any unit that picks something cards face up or down. This reflects the accuracy of the maps
up as Exposed; you do not have to mark a unit as Exposed if it used historically. When placed face down, reveal the cards to
merely drops something off without otherwise exposing itself. If the extent of the LOS of units actually on the map, not in the
you want another unit to acquire and use what was dropped off, Staging Area. During play, reveal a hidden card when a friendly
such as ammo, then you must order the second unit pick it up. non-aircraft unit has an LOS to it. If the hidden card is a Hill,
draw other cards until you get a non-Hill card.
C. Embarking and Disembarking from Vehicles
A vehicle, whether it is marked Exposed or not, may embark or 5.2.1 Line of Sight (LOS) and Range
disembark a unit up to the vehicle’s Transport Capacity as per Line of Sight (LOS) is traced along the eight straight lines (only)
7.4. You must give the vehicle a Pick Up, Load, Unload, Embark, from a card to the eight adjacent cards and beyond. (Thus, you may
or Disembark Command to embark a passenger (which happens not trace a LOS left/right over two cards and up/down/diagonally
in the Command Phase), but you can have a vehicle disembark a one.) You may automatically trace a LOS into all adjacent cards.
passenger (which happens in the Vehicle-Aircraft Phase) without A LOS is blocked past another card if either border being traced
a separate Command. Mark both the vehicle and the unit involved through on that card is dark. LOS can always cross a dark border
in either an embarkation or disembarkation as Exposed. on the originating card, and it can always cross a dark border on
the target card. Thus, the LOS must pass through light borders on
both the entry and exit sides of a card to trace to a card beyond it.
During normal visibility, the maximum LOS is three cards C. Terrain with Elevation
(Very Long Range), not counting the starting card. During Lim- Some Terrain decks have the elevation printed directly on the
ited Visibility the maximum LOS range is reduced to adjacent card. In this case the terrain represented is so hilly or mountain-
(Close Range). Being on higher elevation does not increase the ous that using Hill Cards is not practical.
observer’s range. Line of sight is reciprocal; every card your card
can see can also see your card in return. (Exception: Cards with 5.2.3 Cover
Smoke, Incoming!, or Air Strike on them. Units from outside a Cover is a terrain feature below the detail found on standard
card with Smoke, Incoming!, or Air Strike can see into the card, tactical maps, and is often called “micro-terrain.” Cover provides
but units in such cards cannot see out; 4.3.6C.) On standard protection from fire and is incremental to the Terrain card’s
Terrain cards, buildings and Urban Cover markers—including basic Cover & Concealment value. Each Terrain card indicates
Multi-Story markers—do not block LOS at any level. On Urban a maximum number of Cover markers it can contain. A Cover
Terrain cards, the LOS is much more restrictive and is detailed marker represents a distinct location within the area of the card.
in 12.0. Once discovered, a Cover marker remains in place for the rest
of the Mission. Unless specified on the marker, there is no limit
Note: See the LOS example on pages 45 & 46.
to the number of Steps that you can place under a given Cover
marker, but only units of one side can be under a given Cover
5.2.2 Elevation
marker at any one time.
Elevation is a relative measure in Fields of Fire. The base eleva-
tion is level 1 for all missions. Hills and Upper Stories add +1 Note: Ignore any casualties under a Cover marker when de-
to the base elevation. A single hill is level 2. An Upper Story termining if the Cover marker is occupied.
(5.2.2B) is at level 2. An upper story on a hill is level 3.
However, putting too many troops under the same Cover marker
Higher elevation allows units to trace an LOS over blocking increases their vulnerability to indirect fire and grenades. For
terrain at lower levels. Higher elevations see over any lower every Step above three that is under a Cover marker, each unit
elevations despite intervening dark borders, i.e., units at level attacked by a Grenade or Incoming! VOF receives a –1 modifier.
2 see over level 1 Terrain cards. Same level terrain blocks LOS
to any lower level terrain, i.e., a level 2 terrain cannot see over Example: Five Steps under a Cover marker would all receive
another level 2 Terrain card to a level 1 Terrain card beyond it. the benefit of the cover’s +1 modifier, but if attacked by Gre-
nade VOF they would also receive a modifier of –2 because
A. Hills there are two Steps over the three-Step limit. The net modifier
Hill cards raise the elevation by one level. They do not provide would be –1. This also applies to preprinted cover as found on
Cover & Concealment modifiers. Upon drawing a Hill card, draw the urban Terrain Cards to units of each side. It is not cumula-
another card and place it on top of the hill to show the terrain on tive between both sides (12.8).
the hill. There can be multiple Hill cards under a Terrain card,
Urban Terrain cards have the cover printed on the card instead
each raising the elevation by 1 level. If a face down card is a hill,
of a marker (12.1) as it would be impractical to have every unit
when that card is revealed draw another Terrain card to go with it.
in some sort of Cover marker. The Cover marker areas in an
There is no limit to the number of successive Hill cards a player
Urban Card can be occupied by units from both sides, unlike a
can deal, each raising elevation by one level, before dealing a
standard Cover marker.
card containing specific terrain. Multiple hills do not change the
ability to move in or out of a card, but only provide additional If a Terrain card has a VOF marker on it, that card confers on its
LOS benefits. The dark LOS borders on the Hill card supersede occupants its basic Cover & Concealment value as part of the
any light borders on the non-Hill Terrain card. Net Combat Modifier. Some cards have two Cover & Conceal-
ment values, separated by a slash with the higher value on the
B. Multi-Story left. Use the higher value when the PDF crosses a dark border,
Terrain cards marked with the words “Multi-Story” designate and the lower number when it crosses a light border. (Notice that
urban areas containing buildings taller than one level. A unit the borders are such that they cover the corners appropriately for
discovering a building (cover) on a Multi-Story card can move diagonal PDFs.) Use the lower value for Grenade, Incoming!,
to the building’s upper floors, increasing the unit’s elevation by same card VOF, and Air Strike VOF markers (1.2.1A). If a card
one level. Place an Upper Story Cover marker atop units that has a Burst icon (1.2.1H) on it, add the value in that icon to any
move to the upper floor of a multi-story building. When you find Incoming! VOF in addition to the card’s Cover & Concealment.
cover on a Multi-Story card you get both the Upper Story Cover
marker and a regular Cover marker (5.2.3C), which represents the There are four types of Cover markers:
first floor. Consider these separate Cover markers for purposes A. Basic Cover
of commands, combat, and movement. Units can move between This marker adds one to the Net Combat Modifier. It counts
the two Cover markers or directly to and from no cover and the against the Terrain card’s Cover Potential.
Upper Story Cover marker.
A Church Tower marker is special type of Upper Story Cover
marker, you may use it only on a Church Terrain Card. Note there
are specific rules for the urban terrain decks (12.0).
B. Field Fortifications
The Mission Instructions list available field fortifications. They 6.0 Infantry Combat
include Foxhole, Trench, Bunker, and Pillbox markers. They do The two basic components of Infantry Combat are Volume of
not count against a Terrain card’s Cover Potential. Bunker and Fire (VOF) and Primary Direction of Fire (PDF). These indicate
Pillbox markers hold a limited number of Steps; this number is how much and in what direction a unit is firing.
in parentheses on those markers. In addition, they have a limited
Infantry Combat is a two-part process. First, during the course
firing arc as depicted by the arrow on the marker. This arrow must
of a game turn friendly and enemy units engage each other by
point in the same direction as the Bunker or Pillbox marker’s
placing Volume of Fire (VOF) and Primary Direction of Fire
orientation. Orient a Pillbox or Bunker marker for US forces
(PDF) markers. This may happen:
(when available) as desired when placing them at the start of a
mission. For enemy Pillboxes or Bunkers, point the arrow on the • automatically by rule,
counter toward the unit that made contact. You cannot change • by a friendly unit being given an order or,
the orientation of the marker, and units under (inside) the marker • through an enemy Activity Check.
may fire only in the indicated direction. Units in Pillboxes and Second, during the Combat Effects Phase all engaged units
Bunkers may not fire at Point Blank Range (the same card), but resolve their respective combats.
may be targeted by units in the same card. Activity checks may
call for the enemy units to exit the Bunker or Pillbox and engage The Basic Combat Principle.
in Point Blank combat, but in so doing they lose the benefit of Infantry combat by units with Basic VOF capability is automatic.
the Bunker or Pillbox marker and are marked as Exposed. If the It does not require Commands or Actions. With each on-map
occupants do not exit the Bunker or Pillbox they will continue to activity, all friendly units must be checked to see if they are eli-
exert their VOF in the indicated direction. This is an exception gible to open fire. If not already engaged, your units with a clear
to the general rule about enemy units occupying the same card LOS and range to a spotted enemy unit will immediately open
as friendly units (6.2b and 6.2.3). fire. Any activity during the course of a turn may result in units
C. Urban Cover engaging. This applies equally to enemy units. Any non-Engaged
enemy units will open fire on your friendly units as soon as your
Use these markers on cards with urban cover symbol, such as
units become spotted in range of enemy Basic VOF.
Farm, Village, Multi-Story, and Church. These markers count
against a Terrain card’s Cover Potential. (Exception: An Upper The resolution of all this activity is consolidated in the Combat
Story or Church Tower marker does not count against a card’s Effects Phase. Combat is directed at a card and all its occupants.
Cover potential. The binocular symbol on the Church Tower
signifies that only a single step may be in this cover.) The result 6.1 Engaging/Opening Fire
from the Urban Cover Probability Table lists for each campaign
In game terms, you have units “open fire” by placing a Basic
which of the various Cover markers to use. Each campaign will
VOF on the target card and placing a PDF marker pointing from
indicate the chance of basic cover (representing rubble), light
the firing unit to the target (if the target card is not also the firing
buildings, and strong buildings when cover is found on an urban
unit’s card), and/or by issuing an order for a special VOF, passing
Terrain card. If a result is Light Building or Strong Building and
an attempt check, and placing a Special VOF marker.
the card contains a multi-story or church indicator, you get an
Upper Story or Church Tower marker (respectively) in addition 6.1.1 Opening Fire
to the indicated building marker (5.2.2B). Urban cover does not A non-Engaged unit opens fire (becomes Engaged) with its Basic
block LOS in any way. VOF when it has a spotted enemy unit within range and LOS.
D. Caves This is automatic and mandatory. This may occur due to:
Cave entrances come in four varieties: small, medium, large, • Movement of the friendly unit,
and armored. Each has a capacity limitation in Steps based on • Spotting revealing a previously unspotted enemy unit,
the size indicated by the number in parentheses on the marker. • Movement of the enemy unit (enemy activity checks), or
In addition, they have a limited firing arc as depicted by the ar- • Placement of a spotted unit on the map while resolving a
row on the marker. Point the arrow on the counter to the card potential contact.
that made the contact. You cannot change the orientation of the
If multiple spotted enemy-occupied cards come into view at the
marker, and units under (inside) the marker may fire only in the
same time, a unit engages according to the following priorities:
indicated direction. Units in caves may not fire at Point Blank
Range (the same card), but may be targeted by units in the same 1) Closest card
card. Activity checks may call for the enemy units to exit the 2) Card projecting the highest VOF
cave and engage in Point Blank combat, but in so doing they 3) Randomly
lose the benefit of the Cave marker. A unit does not automatically engage an enemy unit on a card in
LOS that contains both friendly and enemy units. However, once
units are Engaged, they will not cease or shift fire without Com-
mands, even if the target card becomes jointly/friendly occupied.

If a unit enters a card where there is firing already going on 6.2.1 Basic VOF
(i.e., it is occupied by enemy units and friendly units or has Basic VOFs are the VOFs printed on the unit counters. They
a PDF marker pointing away from it), the entering unit joins usually require no Commands or attempts to implement.
in the existing fire. You may need to adjust the VOF marker,
however, depending upon the VOF rating of the unit that just
entered the card.
6.1.2 Continuing to Fire
An Engaged unit will continue to fire at the same card until: All Pinned: (+2)
• Ordered to cease fire, Small Arms (S) NCM value: +0
• Ordered to shift fire, Automatic Weapons (A) NCM value: –1
• Ordered to move to another card, Heavy Weapons (H) NCM value: –3
• An Incoming! marker is placed on the firing unit’s card Assault Rifles (A/S): –1/+0*
• Smoke is placed on the firing unit’s card or along the PDF, * Units with a VOF rating of A/S are equipped with assault rifles and
or generate an Automatic Weapons VOF marker at Point Blank Range
(same card) and a Small Arms VOF marker at any other range.
• An enemy unit enters its card.
An Engaged unit will not stop firing merely because there are no G! Superscript
more enemy units on the target card, or because Smoke appears A unit with a G! superscript is equipped with gre-
on the target card (or along the PDF), or because a change in a nades or rocket launchers in addition to its base
unit’s status has reduced its range such that the target card is now weapon. In addition to having it fire with its normal
beyond its range. However, Smoke along the PDF will block fire VOF Rating you can have it Attempt to Make a
through the card with the Smoke (move the VOF from the target Grenade Attack at Close Range; see Special VOF (6.2.2).
card to the card with the blocking Smoke). All Pinned VOF: +2
Use this marker when all units firing into that card
6.2 Volume of Fire (VOF) and are Pinned. Overrides Basic S, A, or H VOF.
Primary Direction of Fire (PDF) Markers
VOF markers indicate the amount of fire entering a card. The
best VOF entering a card is the only one applied, with a lower Anti-Tank Note: Any VOF in a white circle is a modifier for
number being better than a higher number. The VOF marker a AT Combat (7.6) only. Also, some unit types are listed on the
firing unit generates is based on the firing unit’s VOF Rating. Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart as having different Gun-
Basic VOF markers apply to all units on a card, while Special nery modifiers at different ranges. Use the Gunnery modifiers
VOF (6.2.2) apply in various different ways. from the Chart during AT Combat only.
Place Basic VOF markers on targeted cards based on the fol-
lowing procedure:
6.2.2 Special VOF
a. If units are firing into the card from outside the card, then Most of these VOFs are not automatic (those that are automatic
place one Basic VOF marker in the upper left of the card, are notated as such). They always require Commands and special
regardless of how many units or cards are involved. The procedures to be followed before a VOF may be placed. Note
VOF marker will reflect the best (lowest) VOF Rating of they do not create PDF markers but they may need to “follow”
all units firing. The VOF applies to all occupants of the card a PDF marker to be used. Some of these create a VOF marker
regardless which side they are. while others serve to modify existing VOF markers.
Note: Until you become familiar with the VOF and PDF Grenade (G!) Net Combat Modifier (NCM) value: –4 or –3
mechanics you may want to use a VOF for every firing Place a Grenade Attack VOF marker as a result of
unit being sure to place the best VOF on top. a successful Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack. A
grenade attack applies either to a single unit or to a
b. If units from both sides occupy a card and no fire is coming group of units under a single Cover marker. A target
from outside the card, then place two VOF markers: place can be attacked by multiple grenade VOFs and they are cumula-
the best friendly Basic VOF marker in the upper left and the tive. Do not apply the Rain/Snow, Fog, Smoke, or Current Vis-
best enemy Basic VOF marker in the lower left. ibility modifiers to this VOF. Use the –4 modifier for US and
Primary Direction of Fire (PDF) markers are mnemonic devices German grenades and the –3 modifier for Chinese, Japanese,
to show where a VOF originated. When a firing unit places a North Korean, Viet Cong, and NVA grenades.
Basic VOF marker on any target card other than its own card, a Note: If a unit targeted by one or more successful Grenade
PDF marker must also be placed (6.2.3). Attacks moves out of the card, remove all the Grenade! VOFs
and replace them with a single Grenade Miss VOF.

Grenade Miss NCM modifier: –1 Mines NCM value –4

Place a Grenade Miss VOF marker when an Attempt Mines are placed as a possible result of
to Make a Grenade Attack fails. The Grenade Miss resolving a Potential Contact marker
VOF applies to the entire card, including Urban (9.5).
Terrain (12.11), and is cumulative with the VOF for
the card. Place only one Miss VOF regardless of the number of Demolition (Demo) Charge (D!)
failed attempts (Grenade Miss VOFs are not cumulative with
Demolitions are used to attack a specific Cover marker or build-
each other). Apply all Visibility modifiers normally to a Grenade
ing area of an urban Terrain Card (6.5.2).
Miss.
Demo Miss NCM Modifier: –2
Concentrated Fire NCM modifier: –1
Place a Demo Miss VOF marker when an Attempt to Make a
Place a Concentrated Fire VOF marker on a unit or
Demo Attack fails. It applies to the entire card and is cumulative
group of units under a single Cover marker as a
with the VOF for the card. Place only one Miss VOF regardless
result of a successful Attempt to Concentrate Fire
of the number of failed attempts. Apply all Visibility modifiers
Action (4.2.4b and 4.2.4c). It is cumulative with the
normally to a Demo Miss (6.5.2).
VOF for the card. A unit can be the target of multiple concen-
trated fires, all of which are cumulative. Flamethrower (F!)
Flamethrowers can be man packed or Vehicle mounted. Man-
Sniper (S!) NCM value: –3 for target & (S) for the card
packed flamethrowers can only attack at Point Blank Range.
(Automatic)
Vehicle-mounted flamethrowers can attack at Close and Point
Snipers hit one unit in the target card with a –3 VOF.
Blank Ranges. Flame attacks can only be made against a specific
Place the rest of the card under a Small Arms VOF.
Cover marker or building area of an urban Terrain Card (not any
This special VOF randomly targets one unit on the
of the street areas) (6.5.3).
target card (use R# per 1.2.2E). If some units are
marked as Exposed, select the target from those units only. For 6.2.3 Primary Direction of Fire (PDF)
purposes of drawing for Commands, it affects all HQs in that
Place a PDF marker when units on a card exert a VOF into an-
card as if they were under a Heavy Weapons VOF (see modifiers
other card. Place the marker on the edge of the firing card with
for command draws). Sniper VOF markers can exist simultane-
the arrow pointing toward the target card. All units on a card
ously with other VOF markers on the same card. Other VOF
only fire along the PDF. When there is a reciprocal PDF, flip the
markers on the card still affect units not targeted by the Sniper.
PDF marker to its back showing two arrows to reduce clutter.
Reselect the Sniper’s target each Combat Phase while the
Sniper is in play. A PDF does not limit the ability to attempt Spotting. PDF restric-
tions also do not apply to FOs when Calling for Fire. In other
Crossfire NCM modifier: –1 words, they can call down fire in any direction, including Calling
Place this VOF marker on a card when there are two for Fire elsewhere when there are Enemy units on their own card .
or more PDFs directed at a given card. It is cumula-
Units moving into a card that already has a PDF marker imme-
tive with the other VOF markers. Place no more than
diately open fire along the PDF.
one Crossfire marker on any given card.
After placing a PDF, ALL units on the firing card continue to fire
Pinned units can be used to generate a Crossfire.
along the PDF until the VOF marker is removed. Attempts to
Incoming! / Air Strike NCM value: –3 to –8 Concentrate Fire and ranged Grenade Attack Actions may only
Place a Pending Fire or Air Mission be attempted along the PDF.
marker on a card after a successful Call Remember, you must place a VOF and PDF marker when units
for Fire. Incoming! and Air Strikes ap- with a printed VOF Rating have spotted enemy units within
ply to the entire card. In the Combat range and LOS (6.1.1).
Phase flip it to its Incoming! or Air Strike side. An Incoming! or
Air Strike marker blocks LOS through and out of a card. Remove Units that have Ceased Fire, yet still have enemy units within
it at the start of the following Combat Phase. Its NCM modifier range and LOS, automatically open fire on the closest spotted
varies depending on the unit that is firing. enemy unit (forcing the placement of a new VOF and PDF
marker). Note: This means that ceasing fire is only truly effec-
The NCM modifier to use when the target is a US Infantry unit tive if there are no longer any enemies within range or LOS. If
is printed on the Spotter unit (e.g., mortars or artillery). The –1 multiple enemies are eligible, follow the priorities in 6.1.1.
on the Incoming! marker (in a white circle) is the modifier to
use when the target is a Vehicle. Also, if the target Terrain card A VOF may change but the PDF stays the same.
contains a Burst icon, apply any number in that icon as a modi-
fier to Incoming! fire, but not to Air Strikes. Do not apply the
Rain/Snow, Fog, Smoke, or Current Visibility modifiers to this
VOF (Note: Also remember to use the lower Cover value on
the Target Card).

Example: Your 2/2 PLT (A VOF at L Range) is engaged in its Example #2 from the Advanced Tutorial (page 9): Units from
right-front with an enemy unit two cards distant. 2/2 becomes the 1st Platoon have moved forward…
a Fire Team as a result of enemy fire. 2/2’s VOF becomes S Because all the moved 1st Platoon units have the spotted Ger-
and its range drops to C. The PDF stays the same (right-front) man Sniper in their range and LOS, they immediately open fire
but its VOF is moved to the adjacent card. on the Sniper’s card. We place PDFs from both cards, as well
as an Automatic VOF on the Sniper’s card (it’s the best VOF of
If a lone enemy unit with a friendly VOF marker on its card moves
all the firing units) and a Crossfire marker on the sniper’s card
to another card in LOS and along the same PDF, any friendly fire
as it now is the target of PDFs coming from different angles.
against that unit follows the unit to the new card.
Example #3 from the Advanced Tutorial (page 9): …and the
If a lone enemy unit on the same card with a friendly unit and fifth command to order the 2/2 squad there to move forward
its VOF marker moves to another card in LOS, any friendly into the Farm to its front. 2/2 is not currently firing, so we
fire against that unit follows the unit to the new card and a PDF check to see if there are any targets in his range and LOS after
marker is placed. he moves. The only possible target in his LOS is the enemy
A firing unit loses its PDF if an enemy unit enters its card. It mortar spotter, and it is still Unspotted, so we place no PDF/
automatically shifts its fire to the unit that entered its card. VOF for 2/2.
A US unit will not open fire through a card containing another Example #4 from the Advanced Tutorial (page 10): Because
US unit. However, a US unit with an existing PDF will continue 2/2 is within range and line of sight of the newly-spotted
to fire at a card even if another friendly unit moves into that card. Mortar spotter and is not currently firing, it now opens fire
on the enemy spotter. We place a PDF from 2/2’s card facing
Example #1 from the Advanced Tutorial (page 11): A sniper the spotter’s card, and place a Small Arms VOF on the Hill/
moves away… Farm card.
Note that the US PDFs and VOF into the card the sniper va- Example #5 from the Advanced Tutorial (page 11): A lone
cated are not removed. They remain until the US units either enemy unit (sniper) moves away but still in LOS…
move or get a cease fire or shift fire order. Note also that the
We extend the VOF of the US units in the R2C2 Hedgerow/
Pinned marker on the US 2/1 squad remains. It will be removed
Bocage into the Sniper’s hex. This is the only case in which a
at the end of the VOF Segment as long as there is no enemy
US unit can “follow” a moving enemy unit—when the move
VOF on the Village card at that time.
extends within range and along the unit’s PDF. So we place an
Because the sniper has moved to a new card and currently has Automatic Weapons VOF on the Sniper’s new card.
no PDF/VOF, we must now immediately check to see if there
are any units in his LOS and range upon which he can open
fire. In this case, there is only one such unit—the 1/2 squad 6.3 Combat Resolution & Effects
in the Gully. So we place the sniper’s PDF facing toward the Calculate the Net Combat Modifier (NCM) for each unit during
gully, and sniper VOF on the 1/2 unit, and a Small Arms VOF the Combat Phase to determine if it is affected by the fire.
on the gully card.
The formula is:
NCM = The best (lowest) VOF modifier from All Pinned,
S, A, H, F!, D!, Grenade, Sniper, or Incoming!.
+ The net modifier due to visibility, illumination, and
observation devices.
+ All applicable modifiers based on the defending
unit’s status and cover.
+ All other applicable modifiers such as Concentrated
Fire, Crossfire, Demo Miss, Grenade miss.
In most cases not all the above factors are present and it is fairly
easy to group units on a card by status (Pinned, under cover
etc.). The NCM will be the same for units of the same status.
Remember, some modifiers only apply to certain types of fire or
under specific conditions.
The Minimum NCM is –4 and the Maximum is +6. A NCM of
less than –4 is considered a –4 and a NCM greater than +6 is
considered a +6.

When you resolve combat, draw an Action card for each unit on B. PIN
a target card with a VOF marker. On the left side of the Action Place a Pinned marker on the unit. For efficiency you may stack
card you will find the NCM from –4 to +6 and the result of HIT, multiple units beneath a single Pinned marker instead of a marker.
PIN, or MISS (6.3.2). Find the NCM that applies to the unit to
A Pinned marker is removed when:
determine which result happens. If a unit is HIT, immediately
• A unit successfully passes an Attempt to Remove a Pinned
draw another Action card and in the lower center check the Hit
marker order,
Effects section under the target unit’s Experience Level (6.3.3).
Apply all results immediately. All combat resolution is consid- • It receives a MISS result following an attack,
ered simultaneous, so do not change VOF and PDF markers (if • No enemy VOF is on the card at the beginning of the Combat
necessary) until all combat resolution is complete. Effects Segment, or
• The unit is eliminated.
Example: A mortar and a sniper is firing…
A Pinned unit generates an All Pinned VOF. If all units firing into
…the lowest applicable modifier for this fire is the –3 NCM,
a card are Pinned, place an All Pinned VOF on the targeted card.
generated by either the Incoming mortar fire or the Sniper
(although the Sniper NCM applies to only one unit). It doesn’t C. HIT
matter which we use; the base combat NCM is still –3. This Place a Pinned marker on the unit. In addition, draw another card
is modified as follows: to discover the effect of the hit.
• +1 Terrain Modifier of card [Note that you use the smaller
6.3.3 Using the Hit Effects Section of an Action Card
number to the right for Incoming Fire on cards that have
split Intrinsic Defense Terrain Values.] The Hit Effects section of the Action Card is grouped according
• +1 Squad is under a cover marker to the Experience Level of the unit. Under each level of experi-
ence is one or two letters. Check the column corresponding to
• –2 Squad has an Exposed marker
the Experience Level of the unit that receives a hit. Each letter
So the final NCM is “–3.” shows the Limited Action Team to which one Step of the unit
We draw an Action card and –3 is a HIT. Converts. If a unit has only one Step, and the result is two letters,
use only the first letter. If all but one step of a multistep unit are
6.3.1 Combat Effects converted to LATs, the last step becomes a Fire Team.
Resolve all Infantry combat in the Combat Effects Phase. All Hit Effect resolution is a combination of the physical and morale
such combat is considered simultaneous (thus you can choose effects of fire on the unit. Because combat can have a variety of
the order of resolution). You must resolve the effects of combat effects on units, both positive and negative, units can possibly
on each unit on a card containing a VOF marker, and do so for convert into any type of Limited Action Team. For example, a
each unit individually. Paralyzed Team could Convert to a Litter Team, which is an
For each unit, find the Net Combat Modifier (NCM) according improvement in its state.
to the formula in 6.3.1. Once you have determined the NCM, The possible effects are:
draw an Action Card and find the NCM in the Fire Results sec-
C = Casualty
tion along the left side of the card. Next to the modifier, you
Convert the Step to a casualty unit. Casualties last the duration
will find its effect.
of the mission and cannot rally. They can neither move nor fight.
There are three possible results: MISS, PIN, or HIT. If you draw You should have other units evacuate them as soon as possible.
a card with a HIT result, immediately resolve the effect of that Do not resolve combat against casualties.
HIT. Draw another card and refer to the Hit Effect section in
the lower center of the card to find the effect on the target unit P = Paralyzed Team
Convert the Step to a Paralyzed Team. If reduced to the last step,
6.3.2 Using the Fire Results Section of an Action Card remove the original unit from play.
The first column of this section contains numbers between -4
L = Litter Team
and +6 depicting the NCM of the target unit .The second column
Convert the Step to a Litter Team. If reduced to the last step,
shows the result of the Fire, either HIT, MISS, or PIN, and applies
remove the original unit from play.
to combat against Infantry units. The effects of these results are:
F = Fire Team
A. MISS
Convert the Step to a Fire Team. If the Good Order unit has
No effect. But, if the unit is Pinned, remove the Pinned marker
a Fire Team on the reverse side, flip it to its Fire Team side.
(see “B. Pinned” below).
Otherwise, if reduced to the last step, remove the original unit
from play, and replace it with a generic Fire Team marker of the
appropriate nationality. Some nationalities have different Fire
Teams with different VOF ratings. When a unit Converts to a
Fire Team, it cannot have a more powerful VOF Rating than
its normal capability. (A lower VOF modifier as listed in 6.2.1
makes a VOF Rating more powerful.)
A = Assault Team troops. Machine guns and other units with a Heavy Weapons
If a Good Order unit does not have a Fire Team side on its re- VOF Rating can fire over a friendly unit that is at least one
verse, Convert the Step to a generic Assault Team and remove level lower than the firing unit. Do not place a VOF marker
the original unit from play. If a Good Order unit does have a Fire on the card being fired over. For example, if a tripod-mounted
Team side on its reverse, flip the unit to its Fire Team side. If it machine gun is on a hill at level 2 and a friendly unit is
is already on its Fire Team side, leave it there. adjacent at level 1 and an enemy unit at Long Range is also
on leve1 1 or 2, the machine gun can fire on the enemy unit
Under the results for A = Assault Team, the restriction on not
and no VOF is placed on the friendly occupied card. That is,
Converting a unit to an Assault Team if it has a Fire Team on its
a tripod-mounted machine gun can fire from a level 1 card
reverse side does not apply to a generic Fire Team whose reverse
over a friendly unit on an adjacent level 1 card if the target
side contains another Fire Team with a different weapon type.
is at a higher elevation.
Convert such a Fire Team to an Assault Team when it receives
an A result. Mortars
Mortar fire can come from off map, from on map by a squad of
6.4 Weapon Types and Restrictions two or three Mortar tubes working together, or from on map by
a single tube team. You may never have them target their own
Weapon types and VOF are related, but there are some specifics
cards. You may not have them fire from under a Building, Bunker,
that need to be addressed separately. See the Weapons Capability
Cave, or Pillbox Cover marker, or from a +3 Jungle or Woods
Chart for a summary of the abilities of the various weapon types.
terrain card. They cannot fire at all if marked with an Exposed
Small Arms marker, and they can never use infiltration movement. You must
Rifles, carbines, submachine guns, assault rifles, and magazine- track mortar ammunition. Mortars have no restrictions on firing
fed light machine guns produce a Small Arms (S) VOF. Units over the heads of friendly troops. Enemy mortars may fire over
equipped with assault rifles or large numbers of submachine guns their units in the same way.
may instead produce an Automatic Weapons (A) VOF, but only
Rocket Launchers / Recoilless Rifles
at Point Blank Range, the A/S VOF (6.2.1). You do not keep
Light rocket launchers and recoilless rifles have a Grenade (G!)
track of small arms ammunition.
VOF. Heavy, tripod-mounted versions have a Heavy Weapons
Machine Guns (H) VOF. No RKT or RCL may fire from a Building, Bunker,
These are belt-fed machine guns and are either bipod or tripod or Pillbox cover marker. H VOF RKT/RCL may not fire when
mounted. (An arrow symbol over the A indicates a tripod mount.) marked with an Exposed marker. Panzerfausts (WWII German
They produce an Automatic Weapons (A) VOF. Tripod-mounted AT Rockets) may fire only at vehicles; all others may be used
machine guns have a greater range and are capable of Grazing for both AT Combat and Infantry Combat. Some types of rocket
Fire and Final Protective Lines (FPLs). You also get an extra launchers enter play as ammunition on regular units and are
draw when using them for an Attempt to Concentrate Fire Action expended as such when used, e.g., Panzerfaust and B40/RPG2/7
because of their steadier aiming base and sustained fire capability, rockets. You must track rocket and recoilless rifle ammunition.
but they cannot fire at all if marked with an Exposed marker, and
Hand / Fragmentation Grenades
they can never use infiltration movement. You must keep track
You may only use these on the same card. You do not track hand
of machine-gun ammunition.
grenade ammunition.
• Grazing Fire. Normally, when firing along a PDF into
another card, the VOF is exerted into the closest enemy Demolition Charges
occupied card along the PDF and within LOS. However, if Demolition Charges are used to reduce enemy field fortifications,
a tripod-mounted machine-gun unit is firing, it exerts a VOF seal caves/tunnels, and to create breaches in urban warfare. Some
into every card along its PDF—and within its LOS—as long units receive an allotment of Demolition Charges as an Asset at
as all the cards are at the same elevation. the beginning of a mission.
• Final Protective Lines (FPL). You can place an FPL Tactical Flamethrowers
Control on a tripod-mounted machine gun during a Defensive Flamethrowers, whether man-portable or Vehicle-mounted, are
Mission. An FPL is exerted on a diagonal (only) as indicated designed to reduce enemy field fortifications. Man-portable
by the arrow on the FPL marker. Machine guns designated flamethrowers are only effective at Point Blank Range. The
with an FPL control do not open fire automatically. They must more powerful Vehicle-mounted flamethrowers may fire at Close
be ordered to perform a Fire FPF/FPL Action by the CO HQ. Range. You must track flamethrower fuel (ammunition).
Once they start firing they will continue until they run out
of ammunition or they receive a Cease Fire Command. An Rifle Grenades
FPL generates a Heavy Weapons VOF on all cards along the Rifle Grenades have a Grenade (G!) VOF. Some units receive
diagonal PDF, is not affected by Limited Visibility, and uses one allotment of Rifle Grenades at the beginning of a mission
two ammunition points per turn. with no further supply until the next mission. When fired they
• Overhead Fire. Tripod-mounted machine guns and heavy are expended (whether they hit successfully or not). They are not
weapons may fire over the heads of intervening friendly transferable among units. These weapons were high angle fire

weapons, so as with mortars, you cannot fire them from under a Armored Fighting Vehicle / Tank
Building, Bunker, or Pillbox Cover marker. Units equipped with All medium and heavy tanks have a Heavy Weapons VOF, which
Rifle Grenades place their normal VOF based upon their VOF is a combination of the vehicles’ machine guns and cannons. You
rating, but also can be ordered to Attempt to Make a Grenade must track tank ammunition. When their ammunition runs out,
Attack to attack with their Rifle Grenade. remove them from play.
40mm Grenade Launchers (Vietnam and later)
Grenade Launchers have a Grenade (G!) VOF. You may have a 6.5 Grenade, Demolition Charge, and
US 40mm grenade launcher fire from under a Building, Bunker, Flamethrower Attacks
or Pillbox Cover marker because its trajectory is much flatter than
that of a rifle grenade. Since the 40mm-grenade ammunition is 6.5.1 Grenade Attacks
small and light and the standard load is large, you do not have to Direct a Grenade Attack toward a specific unit or Cover marker.
track it. Any unit from Vietnam or later that has a superscript G! You may have any unit with a printed VOF Attempt to Make a
VOF is considered to have 40mm Grenade Launchers. Grenade Attack against enemy units in the same card. You may
have a unit with a G! VOF Rating and a printed Range Attempt to
Make a Grenade Attack out to its printed Range. You may have a
Combat Example: 1. The Cover & Concealment for the card (+2)
Infantry Combat occurs after all the command segments, en- 2. The VOF (+0)
emy Activity Checks, potential contact resolution and volume 3. Any unit status markers (Exposed, Pinned, Cover, Concentrated Fire;
of fire adjustments. in this case, Exposed, so –2)
4. Any card level markers (Crossfire, Grenade Miss) (none)
Here the only Volume of Fire (VOF) in play is the Small Arms
Net is 0.
Fire on the Village card. A VOF applies to ALL units in the card.
An Action card is drawn and the infantry Combat section referenced
Here it is only the 1st squad 3rd platoon. The Modifiers are totaled. according to NCM.
Here are three cards to show the three possible results: HIT, PIN, MISS.
HIT PIN MISS
2
1
HIT
A HIT would PIN the unit and another card is drawn
to see the effect.
PIN
A PIN places a Pinned marker on the unit.
3
MISS
A MISS is no effect and, if Pinned, the Pinned marker
is removed.
Hit Effect is based on experience of the unit,

in this case Line. The letter indicates a Step
is changed into a Fire Team Limited Action
Team (LAT).

unit with a G! superscript above a different VOF Rating Attempt Demolition Charges that are successfully thrown or placed on
to Make a Grenade Attack at enemy units in an adjacent card. a specific Cover marker or field fortification have the following
Grenade Attacks are not automatic—you must perform an At- effects in the Combat Phase:
tempt to Make a Grenade Attack Action. You have a base draw of 1. All occupants become Casualties
two Action cards, modified by Experience Level, when making 2. If the field fortification is a Bunker or Pillbox it is removed
the attempt. (For instance, draw only one card for Fire Teams and replaced with foxholes
because their Experience Level is Green.) The attempt is suc- 3. If the field fortification is designated by the mission
cessful if the Grenade icon is present on one of the cards. If two instructions or force package as a cave entrance it is sealed
or more grenade icons are drawn a Critical Hit occurs and the and removed from play
target loses the benefit of cover (including field fortifications). 4. Standard Cover markers remain in play.
If the target is not under a Cover marker then place a second In urban terrain, a successfully placed or thrown Demolition
Grenade Attack marker. Charge will have the following effects in the Combat Phase:
You can direct multiple Grenade Attacks toward the same unit or 1. All enemy occupants of the specific card section attacked are
Cover marker. Grenade VOF is cumulative with other Grenade considered HIT. Immediately draw a card to for each unit to
Attacks, but not with other types of VOF. Remove any Grenade determine the hit effect.
Attack marker in the Clean up Phase. 2. A Breach marker is placed (12.6)
When a Good Order unit, enemy or friendly, has a Grenade Attack
attempted on it (whether successful or not) from the same card, 6.5.3 Flamethrower Attacks
it gets a free Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack at the unit that Man-portable flamethrowers can be used to attack a specific
tried to attack it, unless the attacking unit is unspotted. enemy Cover or field fortification (Foxholes, Trenches, Bunkers,
If a Grenade Attack fails, place a Grenade Miss VOF marker on Pillboxes). Man-portable flamethrowers may only attack enemy
the target card, if one is not already present. All occupants of field fortifications at Point Blank Range. A Flamethrower Attack
the card suffer the effects. Remove any Grenade Miss marker is automatic. When ordered, place the Flamethrower Attack
in the Clean up Phase. If the target of a successful Grenade At- marker on the targeted enemy Cover or field fortification and
tack moves prior to Combat Resolution, the Grenade Attack is expend one of the two available shots per Flamethrower Asset.
treated as Grenade Miss. In the Combat Phase, prior to other combat being resolved, any
targets of a Flamethrower Attack are considered automatically
Example: If a card with multiple units is under Automatic hit, with the hit result being determined normally. Any occupants
Weapons VOF (–1 modifier), and one unit suffers two suc- that do not become Casualties are then placed outside the field
cessful –4 Grenade Attacks and one Grenade Miss, the unit fortification or Cover and marked Exposed, at which point they
suffers a –9 modifier, not a –10 modifier (Note after the NCM are then attacked by the general VOF for the card along with all
is calculated the lowest possible NCM is –4). The other units other units. They also remain subject to any Concentrate Fire that
on the card receive the –1 modifier from Automatic Weapons was targeting the Cover or field fortification. If the target was a
VOF and –1 for the Grenade Miss for a final NCM of –2. cave entrance, the surviving occupants retreat into the cave and
are removed from play. Vehicle-mounted flamethrowers function
6.5.2 Demolition Charge Attacks the same, but may attack at Close Range as well as Point Blank,
Demolition Charges (DEMO) can serve several different func- and they carry more fuel. If the target was a Bunker or Pillbox
tions in the game. Mission / Campaign Instructions indicate it is removed from play.
what units are eligible to use DEMO and how many Demolition
6.5.4 Jam
Charges are available. Demolition Charges are Assets and are
expended like ammunition. Demolition Charges may be used to A Weapons Team or squad unit (armed with a machine gun,
attack a specific occupied Cover Marker, reduce a field fortifica- rocket launcher, recoilless rifle, or similar Weapon that has an
tion, seal a cave entrance, or create a breach in urban terrain. A, G!, or H VOF) that draws a card containing the word “Jam”
when attempting a Grenade Attack at close range or attempting to
Demolition Charges may be thrown or placed. When using a Concentrate Fire has experienced a serious Weapons malfunction.
Demolition Charge in a card with a VOF in play it must be Remove the unit from play and replace the Steps with Fire Teams.
thrown, otherwise it is placed. Placement of a Demolition Charge
is automatic when commanded. When thrown it is treated like
a grenade attack (thus requiring an attempt). If the attempt fails 6.6 Concentrated Fire Attacks
then the Demo Miss VOF marker is placed (–2 NCM) and affects Concentrated Fire represents VOF in addition to the Basic VOF
all occupants of the card in the combat phase. Unlike Grenade against specific targets within LOS and along the PDF of the fir-
Attacks, if the occupants of a successful Demo Attack leave the ing unit. It contributes –1 to the Net Combat Modifier. You may
Cover marker, field fortification, cave entrance or urban terrain Attempt to Concentrate Fire with any Good Order unit with an
the attack is not treated as a Demo Miss, the attack will still have S, A, A/S, or H VOF Rating. The target may be a specific Cover
the effects listed below. The Demo Miss VOF is cumulative with marker or a random, spotted, enemy unit. If LOS is subsequently
both Demo and non-Demo VOF on the card. Remove all Demo lost due to Smoke or Incoming! the Concentrate Fire marker
and Demo Miss markers in the Clean up Phase. remains in place.
Draw two cards, modified for the firing unit’s Experience Level The number of card draws is based upon the actual observer. The
(and weapon-type if firing a tripod-mounted machine gun). The card draws for HQs are lower to signify that the process is less
attempt is successful if the Crosshairs icon is present on one of efficient when not handled by an FO.
the cards. If the attempt fails, nothing else happens—there is no
LOS
additional ammunition expenditure or modifiers. If two or more
The eligible observer must have an LOS to the intended target.
Crosshairs icons are drawn a Critical Hit occurs and the target
loses the benefit of Cover or field fortifications. If the target is Communication
not under a Cover marker then place a second Concentrate Fire The eligible observer must be in communication with both the
marker. originator and the firing agency; i.e., an FO who is ordered by
If the attempt succeeds, place a Concentrate Fire marker on the an HQ to Call for Fire needs to be in communication with that
target. If the target is a Cover marker, the Action affects all units HQ to receive the order and to be able to communicate on the
under the Cover marker. Note that a Concentrate Fire Action is appropriate Fire Direction (FD) Net. For example, an Artillery
not a replacement for Basic VOF; you can have a single unit FO may have a CO TAC Field Phone and his Arty FD Net ra-
place both. Concentrate Fire markers are cumulative. dio. The CO HQ may use a Command to have the Artillery FO
attempt a Call for Fire Action via the Phone and then the Arty
If the firing unit tracks ammunition, it uses two ammunition
FO communicates with the Artillery as the firing agency with
points instead of one. Remove Concentrate Fire markers in the
his Arty FD Net radio. When the CO HQ is eligible, he may use
Clean Up Phase (6.5.1).
the Bn TAC Net to communicate with any firing agency. When
PLT HQs are eligible, they use the CO TAC Net to communicate
6.7 Indirect Fire Missions with any firing agency (the CO HQ relays the PLT HQ to the ap-
Fire missions are requests for support from artillery, mortars, and propriate network without the use of any additional Commands).
air strikes, and are collectively referred to as Fire Support. The
6.7.2 Available Fire Mission Types
Fire Support Available Table in the Mission Instructions lists:
a) Firing Agency (the organizations providing fire support) A. High Explosive (HE)
b) Ammo (the available types of Fire Missions) This is the most common type of Fire Mission, intended to cause
c) Mod (the NCM for each Fire Mission) enemy casualties.
d) Draws (the eligible observers and number of cards each is B. Time-on-Target (TOT)
allowed to draw when attempting a Call for Fire Action) This is a more complex Fire Mission where all rounds of the
e) #FMs (the number of Fire Missions available for each type first volley hit the ground at the same time. It is effective, but it
of Fire Mission) takes time and planning.
In order to receive Fire Support you must first make a Call for C. Smoke / White Phosphorous (WP)
Fire Action. First make sure that the prerequisites (6.7.1) are met, A Smoke Mission typically creates smoke for screening the
then select the type of Fire Mission you want to make (6.7.2). movement of friendly forces or marking targets for air attacks.
Finally, resolve the attempt. A WP Mission is a combination of HE and smoke and so has
6.7.1 Call for Fire Prerequisites both blast and screening effects, though neither of these is as
effective as an individual Smoke or HE Mission. WP is most
Target often used to mark targets for air attack. This type of Fire Mis-
You may only attempt a Call for Fire Action on a valid target. sion may target an unoccupied card in order to screen friendly
For most Fire Missions a card with a spotted enemy unit is a forces and movements.
valid target. For Smoke/White Phosphorus intended to conceal
or screen movement, however, it may target any unoccupied card, D. Final Protective Fire
or a card containing unspotted enemy units (6.7.2C). Also called FPF, this is a pre-registered Fire Mission used dur-
ing Defensive Missions. When called, the firing agency fires
Availability the mission at rapid-fire either until told to stop or until it runs
You may only attempt a Call for Fire Action if you have an avail- out of ammo. The intent of FPF Missions is to breakup enemy
able Fire Mission (FM). The # FMs column of the Fire Support assaults. If an FPF Mission is listed as available in the Mission
Available Table in the Mission Instructions indicates how many Instructions, place an appropriate FPF Marker before the mission
missions of each type are available. Mark them on the Mission begins on any card not occupied by friendly forces and within
Log when expended. LOS of an observer.
Eligibility E. Illumination
The Draws columns of the Fire Support Available Table indi- Parachute flares fired to provide illumination during night mis-
cate which units can function as observers; i.e., which units can sions.
attempt a Call for Fire Action. You can use only the indicated
units to Call for Fire. Some Missions allow for CO HQs (and
even PLT HQs) to Call for Fire. They are capable of doing this
via the CO TAC Net or the BN TAC Net (in the CO HQ’s case).
F. Air Strike Also, like any other Direct Fire, it is subject to the Terrain Effects
For real world commanders, this mission is more complex than a dictated by the card borders that the fire crosses. (Remember that
standard Call for Fire, and is delivered from helicopters or fixed- G!-rated mortar teams must be given an order to fire. H-rated
wing aircraft. This type of FM has the additional prerequisite teams open fire automatically.)
of a “mark.” A mark is a visual cue intended to aid the pilot in Indirect Lay involves employing indirect fire using an observer
identifying the target. You must first place a mark before you just like off-map artillery and mortars. Only two- and three-Step
can attempt an air strike, thus it takes two Commands. A mark is mortar units (often called mortar sections or Platoons historically)
either colored smoke pyrotechnic placed on the closest friendly may use Indirect Lay. Indirect Lay firing requires someone who
card to the target or a WP Fire Mission on the intended target. is eligible to command the Mortar to spot for him and give him
G. Battalion Fire Mission an order to call down fire. The mortar can either have his own
A variation of an HE or TOT Mission is the Battalion Fire Mis- radio or phone or be co-located on a card with another unit that
sion, which is only available to artillery. If a drawn card contains has a radio or phone (this is considered “good enough”). There
the 3-Bursts icon and if the Mission Instructions say Battalion is no card draw; he automatically places the ‘H’ VOF. Note that
Fire Missions are available, then you may perform a Battalion the Mortar will not continue to do this every turn—it will need
Fire Mission. Choose two Terrain cards bordering the original to be ordered every time you want it to fire Indirect. When us-
target card; place a Pending Fire Mission marker on these cards, ing Indirect Lay, on map mortars do not have to trace a straight
too. These two cards do not have to be in the LOS of the observer. LOS to the target, but must be in range traced in cards including
diagonally and not including the card the mortar occupies.
6.7.3 Resolving an Attempt to Call for Fire When firing Indirect Lay the mortar does not place a PDF, thus
Draw a number of Action cards, modified by Experience Level, it does not help qualify a card for Crossfire. Also, it is treated
as indicated on the Mission Instructions for the type of Fire the same as Incoming! in regard to terrain effects (i.e., it uses the
Mission being performed. The attempt is successful if the Burst ‘lower’ number and also the ‘–1’ on some cards).
con is present on one of the cards. If successful, place a Pending
Fire Mission marker on the target and expend an available Fire 6.7.5 Registered Targets
Mission on the Mission Log. If not successful, do not place any The instructions for some missions indicate that you can begin
markers and do not expend an available Fire Mission. Flip all the mission with a registered target for off-map artillery (but not
Pending Fire markers to their Active (Burst icons) sides at the mortars). If so, place a Target marker on the card of your choice.
beginning of the VOF Segment. You may also place a Target marker on a card after a successful
One of the inherent dangers of indirect fire is a “short round.” Fire Mission on that card from either off-map artillery or off-map
The complexity of the procedure coupled with the stress of mortars. You can have no more than one Target marker in play
combat means that from time to time a Fire Mission does not per firing agency. Remove the Target marker if the firing agency
hit its intended target. If a drawn card contains the Burst icon fires at a different target.
with the word “Short” in it, the “Short” draw takes precedence Add another card to the draw for an Attempt to Call for Fire from
over any other draw made in that call for fire. The Fire Mission an Off-Map Firing unit (4.2.4i) for any fire by the registered firing
has gone awry. If the firing agency was artillery or mortars, agency on the card containing its Target marker.
place the Pending Fire Mission marker one card closer to the
observer along its LOS, unless the observer is calling in fire on 6.8 Ammunition
his own position (the observer occupies the target card). In this
case, randomly choose a bordering card and place the Pending Managing limited ammunition is a critical aspect of modern
Fire Mission marker there. When a “Short” is drawn for an air infantry combat. You must track ammunition expenditure for
strike mission, randomly choose a card bordering the mark and units that require it, both friendly and enemy, on the Mission
place the marker there. Log. Whenever any of the following weapons fires, indicate the
expenditure of an ammo point on the Mission Log.
6.7.4 On-Map Mortars Use Ammo markers only when moving ammo around the map.
On-map mortars have two methods of lay, “lay” meaning how Ammo markers only depict the basic types; in some missions
they engage targets. Direct Lay is when the mortar crew can there are various specific calibers and you must note them on the
observe the target. When they are used this way, they fire just Mission Log as different calibers that are not interchangeable.
like any other infantry unit. One-Step mortar teams may only The number on a marker indicates the number of ammo points
use Direct Lay. A Call for Fire Command can be issued to an it represents.
on-map two- or three-Step Mortar unit that is in communication
with a unit on the proper TAC Net.
When firing Direct Lay—meaning that the Mortar is firing at a
card to which it has LOS, whether the H-rated squad or the G!-
rated team—that fire is treated exactly like any other Direct Fire
(Exception: Mortars can always fire over friendly units). Thus,
it places a PDF, making it eligible to help qualify for Crossfire.
6.8.1 Ammo Types B. Mortar Ammo (MTR Ammo)

A. Machine-Gun Ammo (MG Ammo) Each point represents six to eight rounds. Each Step of a unit can
carry up to two points. Expend one point each time you have a
Each point represents about 200 to 300 rounds of ammunition.
mortar fire, regardless if it hits or misses.
Each Step of a unit can carry up to six points. Expend one ammo
point each time you have an A VOF Rating unit fire. Expend C. Recoilless Rifle Ammo (RCL Ammo)
two points for a successful Attempt to Concentrate Fire Action. Each point represents two to three rounds. Each Step of a unit can
Expend two points each turn that an FPL is used. carry up to three points. Expend one point each time you have a
Note that in the WWII missions, some of the German squads recoilless rifle unit fire, regardless if it hits or misses.
contain machine guns. Similarly, in those Vietnam missions D. Rocket Ammo (RKT Ammo)
where the NVA appear, their squads also contain machine guns. Use this ammo for units armed with a Bazooka, RPG, or Panzer-
You do need to track ammo for these units, and each such unit faust. Each point represents two to three rounds, and each Step
receives the amount of ammo listed for an LMG (Germans) or of a unit can carry up to three points. Some squads have rocket
MG (NVA). When a squad runs out of MG Ammo, place an launchers, and specific counters are provided for that ammo
Out of Ammo marker on it, reducing its ratings to those found (Panzerfaust and B40/RPG). Given the bulky size and weight
on the marker. of rocket ammo, you must track its use. If a unit that uses this
Note also that some units (like the Germans in WWII) start with ammo runs out, it loses its Close Range G! capability.
more ammo than they can carry at one time.
Helicopter Movement Cycle

At start the 1st Wave is in the inbound box. During the Command Phase it
must be activated to conduct the landing in the Vehicle Phase of turn 1.
Turn 5 5
Command Phase—activate Helos.
Vehicle Phase—move to LZ. Cycle
complete.
Turn 1 1
Vehicle Phase—1st wave lands in LZ.
Turn 4
Passengers disembark.
Command Phase—activate Helos.
Exposed to Vehicle combat in the Vehicle Disembark casualties.
Phase and Infantry Fire in Turn 1 Com- Load supplies/reinforcements. 4
bat Phase.
Vehicle Phase—move to Inbound.
Turn 2 2 Turn 3 3
Command Phase—activate Helos, Command Phase—activate Helos.
embark casualties.
Vehicle Phase—move to PZ.
Vehicle Phase—move to Outbound.

E. Flamethrower (F!) 6.8.3 Resupply

Man-portable flamethrowers were expendable units that came Resupplying an out-of-ammo unit requires that the out-of-ammo
preloaded with several seconds worth of fuel. When it was ex- unit be on the same card with available ammo. If no ammo is
pended the trained operator would be resupplied with another on the card the out-of-ammo unit must either move to an ammo
unit. The US M2-2 flamethrower had 2 x 2 gallon fuel tanks and supply or have another unit bring ammo to the out-of-ammo unit.
expended about half a gallon per second at an effective range of Finally, an order (4.2.2h) must be given to the out-of-ammo unit.
20m, and weighed in at 68 pounds. The Flamethrower Ammuni- This allows the unit to obtain ammo from the card or the unit
tion marker has 2 shots, or roughly 3.5 seconds of fuel per shot in carrying the ammo.
game terms. So a flamethrower trained Infantry unit will need to
A unit with an Out of Ammo marker or a weapons team on its Fire
be equipped with a Flamethrower Ammunition marker. Without a
Team side must be given a Pickup Order (4.2.2h). The marker
flamethrower, the unit is flipped to its Fire Team side. If a flame-
is removed and the Mission Log updated with the new ammo
thrower Infantry unit receives a new Flamethrower Ammunition
points. The unit may resume firing.
marker, it is automatically flipped to its Good Order side.
A unit flipped to its Fire Team automatically rallies to its front
F. Demolition Charge (DEMO) side to be resupplied when ammo becomes available. Upon re-
The US demolition charge (M37) is a satchel containing 8 2.5 lb supply update the Mission Log or Ammo Marker with the new
blocks (M5A1) of plastic explosives (C4) for a total of 20 lbs. ammo supply points and flip the Fire Team to its front side. The
The M5A1 blocks could be removed and fused individually for unit may resume firing.
small demolition tasks or used as one large charge. Typically the
charge was fused with a time fuse and a fuse igniter. It could
also be rigged with an electric blasting cap connected by wire
to a detonator. Throwing a twenty-pound charge is quite a feat, 7.0 Vehicles
and getting close enough to a target under fire could present a While the focus of this game is on infantry, in the 20th Century a
challenge. Only units permitted by the Campaign or Mission wide variety of vehicles were used to support infantry. There are
Instructions may use a demolition charge. Demolition charges two basic classes of vehicles in Fields of Fire: ground vehicles
may be moved about as ammunition by units not permitted to and helicopters. You move a ground vehicle from card to card.
employ them. You place a helicopter indicating whether it is landing or flying
low. You move all vehicles and perform combat against them
G. Tank Ammo (any Vehicle with A or H VOF rating)
in the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase. Movement and
Tank ammunition represents a combination of main gun rounds
combat occur over the course of the phase, so movement may be
and machine-gun ammunition for the various machine guns. For
interrupted by combat but continue afterwards. If allowed by the
flame Vehicles it represents the fuel. Tanks do not reload during
Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart, you may be able to both
a mission. A tank that is out of ammunition has no VOF, and is
move and perform combat with a vehicle. The Vehicle and Anti-
removed from play per 6.4.
Tank Weapons Chart (on the back of the Briefings Booklet) lists
Note: From Vietnam onward, US units have 40mm grenade all the relevant data for all vehicles. For the sake of simplicity, all
launchers with a superscript-G! capability. Because the ammo combat against a vehicle is referred to as Anti-Tank (AT) Combat.
for these weapons is small, units carry a sizable number of
rounds so they do not run out of ammo during a mission. 7.1 Commands
6.8.2 Out of Ammo Units 7.1.1 General
Running out of ammo occurs when the last ammo point is fired. Vehicles, like infantry units, are organized into Platoons and
companies with a functioning chain of command. Ground-
There are two ways out-of-ammo units are indicated:
based vehicles are in Platoons, but helicopter units form flights.
1) If a weapons unit (MG, mortar, rocket launcher, recoilless A Vehicle Platoon has a Platoon Headquarters (PLT HQ) , and
rifle, etc.) runs out of ammunition and is a one-Step unit and a Helicopter Flight is commanded by the CO HQ. Vehicle PLT
its Fire Team side has an S or A/S VOF, flip the unit to its HQs can only activate vehicles in their same Platoon. The CO
Fire Team side. HQ uses one command to activate all Helicopters in a single
2) If a weapons unit runs out of ammunition and has more Card or Staging Area as each Card or Staging area is a Flight
than one Step or it’s a one-Step unit but its Fire Team side of Helicopters.
has something other than an S or A/S VOF, place an Out of
Unlike an infantry PLT HQ, these units may command their
Ammo marker on the unit. Until the unit can pick up more
Platoon and still function as a combat or transport unit because a
ammo, it has an S VOF Rating and a Range Rating of Close,
vehicle has enough crew members to perform more than one task.
regardless of what is printed on its counter.
A unit that has an Out of Ammo marker placed on it continues All vehicles in a Platoon have their own radio net. The PLT HQ is
to fight with its new VOF rating and is not required to leave the always in communication with all members of its Platoon. They
map per 9.9. also communicate on the Company Tactical Net in Vietnam or
later missions OR on the Battalion Tactical Net in WWII or Ko-

rean War missions. During the Command Phase, you may have Rocket is Close Range. Place the FAC on a card of your choice
the CO HQ activate a vehicle PLT HQ, just as it would activate during the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase. You do not
any other PLT HQ or Staff. If not activated by the Company “fly” it from card to card, and so it is only vulnerable to reaction
HQ, draw for the HQ in the Platoon HQ Initiative Impulse. You AT Combat on the card where you place it. In Vietnam missions,
may have it save Commands just like any other HQ or Staff unit. Attack Helicopters and Airborne FACs are only vulnerable to
You may have only the Company HQ or an individual vehicle’s Small Arms, Automatic Weapons, and 12.7mm HMG.
PLT HQ activate individual vehicles that belong to its Platoon
unless you attached the vehicle to a particular Platoon before 7.1.4 Fixed Wing Gunships
the beginning of the mission. You may also activate any vehicle During Vietnam missions, gunships fly at higher altitudes and
that belongs to a Platoon or flight by General Initiative. You may are not vulnerable to AT Combat. They only fly during night
never attach a helicopter to an infantry PLT HQ. missions.
Some vehicles, such as trucks and jeeps, have limited crews and/ Like the FAC, you automatically activate an AC47 by plac-
or no radios and are not indicated in the Mission Instructions as ing it anywhere on the map during the Vehicle Movement and
being part of a vehicle Platoon. Jeeps and similar small vehicles Combat Phase. You can move it to any card each subsequent
have no crew. Whatever unit is embarked on it functions as the turn and can have it loiter for the entire mission once available.
driver. Trucks come with a small crew but do not normally have Once placed, it can place 3 Heavy Weapons VOF and place 3
radios. They must be given a Command to move individually. air-dropped illumination markers in any combination of 3 cards
You can activate a truck for movement using any HQ or Staff that it occupies or are adjacent to it. It does not require ongoing
unit in Visual-Verbal communication or by General Initiative. Call for Fire Action.
There are some anti-tank or anti-aircraft guns that are consid-
ered vehicles for all purposes except they may not move during 7.2 Activating Vehicles
the course of a mission. These are indicated on the Vehicle and In contrast to Infantry, you may activate a vehicle only once
Anti-Tank Weapons Chart under the Mobile column. Certain during a turn. Activate a vehicle during the Command Segment,
aircraft, such as Attack Helicopters, Forward Air Controller and place an Activated marker on it at that time as a reminder.
(FAC) Aircraft, and Fixed Wing Gunships (AC47), are treated Though activated during the Command Segment, do not perform
as special cases. a vehicle Action with the unit until the Vehicle Movement and
Combat Phase. You may move or initiate combat only with
7.1.2 Attack Helicopters
activated vehicles. You may have a non-activated vehicle per-
You call for an Attack Helicopter in the same manner as a Close form combat only in reaction to the fire and movement of other
Air Support Mission. If the call is successful, you have activated vehicles. Move and fire each activated vehicle one at a time until
the Attack Helicopter. Place it directly on a card whenever you its activation is complete. If both enemy and friendly vehicles
wish during the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase. You do not activate, alternate Actions with the attacking side going first.
“fly” it from card to card, and so it is only vulnerable to reaction Flip a unit’s Activation marker to its Moved/Fired side when
AT Combat on the card on which you place it. However, check you have finished its Action, and remove all the markers in the
for reaction AT Combat against the aircraft when you place it. Clean Up Phase.
Attack Helicopters are deployed in a two-aircraft section. The two
aircraft counters are called by a single call for fire at a specific
7.2.1 Preplanned Transport
target card. If both are undamaged, you may attack the target In some missions the transport Vehicles have a preplanned
card and any one Adjacent card (if desired) with its VOF. If only schedule. The mission instructions will indicate if the transport
one aircraft is undamaged, you may attack the target card only. is preplanned and what the schedule is for the transport to arrive,
“Short” fire (6.7.3) also applies to Attack Helicopter missions, drop off your units, and leave the map. Vehicles on preplanned
though only the new target card receives attacks. missions need not be activated. They carry out their schedule
only. They may exert a VOF (if the Vehicle has a printed VOF)
An Attack Helicopter may loiter for an additional turn (a total
while in the course of their preplanned schedule.
of two turns). If you want the helicopter to attack a different
target the second turn, you must go through the call procedure
again. Otherwise, an Attack Helicopter automatically performs a 7.3 Movement
second attack on its original targets, suffering potential reaction 7.3.1 Ground Movement
AT Combat as before.
You may move a ground vehicle from one card to another for an
7.1.3 Forward Air Controller Aircraft unlimited number of cards. However, it must stop moving when
A FAC Aircraft does not require commands, and you may have it enters a “SLOW” trafficability card and you may not have it
it loiter for an additional four turns (for a total of five turns.) enter a “NO” trafficability card (1.2.1b). A vehicle may not move
Each turn you may have it perform one Attempt to Call for Fire after it fires, but it may move before firing if there is a number in
from an Off-Map Firing unit Action (but only if it’s Air Support its Move & Fire column on the Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons
from a fixed wing aircraft or an attack helicopter) and you may Chart on the Player Aid card (7.5c).
have it mark the target with a WP marker. The range of the WP

7.3.2 Air Movement 7.4.3 Riding in Jeeps or Trucks

When an Attack Helicopter enters play, place it on the card of Jeeps have no crew—an embarked unit serves as the operator.
your choice; you do not move it from card to card. It is only Jeeps and trucks are open vehicles. An embarked infantry unit
vulnerable to AT Combat on the card where it is placed. It does may fire or be fired upon like any other infantry unit in the Com-
not suffer the +1 moving target modifier. bat Effects Segment. It may also suffer the adverse effects of AT
A helicopter that has a Transport Capacity on the Vehicle and Combat as a passenger in a targeted vehicle. If a vehicle moves,
Anti-Tank Weapons Chart is a transport helicopter. A transport any passengers it is carrying are Exposed, and the passengers
helicopter is available for: derive no cover from the vehicle while embarked.
• an assault landing (landing units into an unoccupied Landing 7.4.4 Riding on Tanks
Zone), Units, casualties, and ammunition may ride on tanks when neces-
• bringing in supplies or reinforcements, or sary. A tank may carry a number of Steps equal to its transport
• evacuating casualties. capacity on the Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart. A tank
You must activate a transport helicopter to place it on the map. carrying any casualties or passengers may not engage in combat
You may place a transport helicopter only on a card with a Land- until the passengers have disembarked or have been unloaded (but
ing Zone point control, which can only be on a card labeled “LZ” it can engage in combat if only carrying ammo). Any Infantry
(Landing Zone). In order to land a transport helicopter after its unit riding on a tank that is the target of an Anti-Tank attack,
initial movement onto the map, another unit must first mark the the result of which is Brewed Up, Knocked Out, or Pinned, is
designated LZ with a Pyrotechnic. automatically HIT. Resolve the hit’s effect immediately. Imme-
diately disembark the affected passengers and place an Exposed
Attack Helicopters are those without a Transport Capacity.
marker on them, which is applicable in the subsequent Combat
Consider Attack Helicopter movement as making an attack run.
Effects Phase. Passengers may be engaged like any other infan-
Attack helicopters are available on call as air support missions
try unit in the Combat Effects Phase, but have no VOF of their
and are placed on the target card.
own while embarked. If the vehicle moves, then the passengers
are Exposed, as the passengers derive no cover from the vehicle
7.4 Transport while embarked.
The parenthesized value on the vehicle counter indicates the 7.4.5 Helicopter Assault
number of Steps it may carry. It may also transport items equal
to the maximum allowable for that number of Steps (5.1.6). The non-linear (no front line) characteristic of guerilla warfare
and the advent of the helicopter as a weapon technology ushered
7.4.1 Embarking in a new form of military operation during the Vietnam War: the
To embark an infantry unit or casualties onto a vehicle, have the Helicopter Assault. Helicopter Assault is the transport of troops
vehicle perform an Embark Action (4.2.2h) during the Command into a combat situation (a Landing Zone [LZ]) via helicopter
Phase. Place an Exposed marker on the embarked units if they transport. Air Assault Planning, Staging Areas, and Landing
do not already have one. Place embarked infantry units beneath Zones make up Helicopter Assaults.
the vehicle counter. You may move the vehicle normally in the Apply the rules for Vehicle Commands and Helicopter Movement
Vehicle Phase. Units may start a mission embarked on vehicles to Helicopter Assaults.
by placing them beneath vehicle units at the beginning of the
mission. Landing Zones (LZ)
A Landing Zone (LZ) is an on-map area of one, two, or three
7.4.2 Disembarking cards. The mission will designate a starting LZ configuration.
Passengers LZ Tactical Control Point markers may only be placed on terrain
You can have a vehicle disembark its passengers during the cards with the helicopter icon. When setting up the map, double
Vehicle Phase, either before or after the vehicle moves. You check that the cards marked with LZ Point controls are either
do not need to issue a specific order for disembarkation. Place Open, Village, Brush, Elephant Grass, or Rice Paddy.
an Exposed marker on the Vehicle and on any passenger that Be sure to consider the number of helicopters planned for the
disembarks. first wave and that the LZ is large enough to accommodate those
aircraft. LZ stacking is also four vehicles. Per turn, four heli-
Equipment
copters may takeoff and four may land. LZs can be designated
To disembark equipment or ammo from a vehicle, have the ve- in LZ capable cards during the course of a mission by taking a
hicle perform an Unload Action (4.2.2h) during the Command Designate a New Tactical Control action (4.2.1l).
Phase. Place an Exposed marker on any vehicle unit that performs
a Transport Action if it does not already have one. You may move Staging Areas
the vehicle normally in the Vehicle Phase. Helicopter operations are governed by four off-map Staging Ar-
eas, called the Pickup Zone (PU Zone), Inbound, Outbound, and
Loiter Staging Area. A Player Aid Card, called The Helicopter
Control Card, is provided for you to track where your aircraft are

as they transit between the various areas. The Card is two-sided

Tank Combat Example: with one for Army Aviation and the other for Marine Aviation.
The areas are identical, but the images are service specific. He-
licopters moving between areas on the Helicopter Control Card
1 and from the Card to the map must be activated. One command
activates all Helicopters in any one on map LZ card or area on
the Helicopter Control Card. Fuel limitations force the aircraft
to move, Helicopters in the on map LZ, Inbound, Outbound,
or Loiter must move to the next area (even if not activated),
helicopters in the PU Zone may remain as long as you desire.
Helicopters in the on-map LZ must move to the Outbound area.
The Outbound area must move to the PU Zone. Helicopters in
the Inbound area must move to either an on-map LZ or the Loiter
area, if the LZ is full or if you want to wait a turn. Helicopters in
2 the Loiter area must move to either the on-map LZ or the Out-
bound area. For a mission that begins with a helicopter assault,
start the loaded helicopters in the Inbound Staging Area so that
landings can begin on turn 1 of the mission.
Note: Though highly unlikely, it is possible that you may not
have enough commands to move all in-flight helicopters. In this
case, they still must move. However, commands must FIRST
be spent on moving the helicopters. In other words, you cannot
purposefully use those commands elsewhere knowing that the
helicopters will be moving anyway.
A helicopter loads units and ammo in the PU Zone Staging Area

Tank vs Tank
in a turn and leaves that same turn for the Inbound Staging Area.
Vehicle movement and combat happens in the Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft
The second turn it leaves the Inbound Staging Area and enters
Phase. Activated vehicles can move and/or initiate combat. In the
Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase, vehicles not activated may only re- the LZ card on the map, where it can unload its passengers or
act to the movement or firing of activated vehicles. US vehicles are ammo and pick up casualties. In the third turn it departs the LZ
activated by expending a command. Enemy vehicles are activated via (after loading any troops, casualties or ammo) for the Outbound
enemy Activity Checks. Vehicles include helicopters. Staging Area. In fourth turn it arrives back at the PU Zone, where
1. The North Korean T34/85 moves into our example area via an it can unload the casualties and load new passengers or ammo.
Enemy Activity Check. Thus, a complete round trip from PU Zone to Inbound to Map
2. The US M4A3E8 from the regimental Tank Company reacts to LZ to Outbound to PU Zone takes four turns.
the move by engaging the T34/85.
Example: A planned landing on Turn 3 can be delayed until
On the player aid card the offensive and defensive values of
Turn 4. If the helicopter does not land on Turn 4 it must return
the various vehicles are listed.
to the Pickup Zone. On Turn 5 it returns to the Pickup Zone
The range based offensive modifier for the M4A3E8 is Close
Range (Adjacent card) –3 Staging Area. On Turn 6 it may begin the whole Helicopter
The defensive modifier for the 34/85 +1 Assault process anew.
The T34/85 was moving +1
The following rules also apply to Helicopter Assault Staging
The Rice Paddy has +0
Areas:
For a Net Modifier of –1
• Units in a PU Zone, Inbound, Outbound, or Loiter Staging
An Action card is drawn and—referencing the AT#—the modifier is
Area cannot fire or be fired upon.
added and the Vehicle card is consulted.
• Units without helicopter transport cannot move from the map
to either of the helicopter Staging Areas (or vice versa), or
between those four Staging Areas.
• Any unit leaving the map must land in the PU Zone. Any
unit leaving the PU Zone must land on the map LZ or return/
The T34/85 is Pinned. The T34/85 is move abort to the PU Zone.
and fire capable with a –3 modifier. It has • There are no capacity limits in any PU Zone, Inbound,
a gunnery modifier of +3 and is Pinned for Outbound, or Loiter Staging Area.
+1. The M4A3E8 has a defensive modifier • A helicopter must be in one of the helicopter Staging Areas
of +0 and is in the +2 village for a net
or on the map.
modifier of +3.

• There is no LOS from anywhere to the helicopter Staging In the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase, move the first wave
Areas. on the LZ Card from the Inbound Staging Area. Have UH1 Troop
Transports land and disembark troops to secure the LZ. Landing
Air Assault Planning
aircraft are vulnerable to Reaction AT Combat if the LZ is within
A helicopter assault is a complex operation and requires careful range of an enemy unit. Move the second wave from the PU Zone
planning. This is usually done during Task Organization (2.4.3) Staging Area to the Inbound Staging Area. You can have several
so the first wave lands on turn 1. Scenarios with mid-game air more UH1s land additional Company elements with the purpose
assaults will allow for a planning phase in the turn before the of expanding the fire support capability of the LZ. In the ensuing
air assault arrives. Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase, the first wave can depart
An Air Assault plan should include the following: while the second wave disembarks troops.
• Designate a Landing Zone as described before. LZs may
span up to three adjacent cards. Consider the number of 7.5 Vehicle Actions
helicopters in the first wave and be sure the LZ is large enough You may have a vehicle perform one (and only one) of the fol-
to accommodate those aircraft. lowing Actions during the Vehicle Movement and Combat Phase:
• Load/embark the units for the first wave. There is usually
A. Fire
not enough room on them to transport all the troops of the
B. Move
Company to the LZ at the same time. You’ll need to split
some Squads into Assault or Fire Teams, leaving unit Steps C. Move then Fire
in the Staging Area. D. Reaction Fire, or
• Have UH1 Troop Transports land and disembark troops to E. Spot
secure the LZ. Landing aircraft are vulnerable to Reaction The Move & Fire column on the Vehicle and Ranged Weapons
AT Combat if the LZ is within range of an enemy unit. Chart indicates whether a unit can use a Move then Fire Action.
• Place the first wave units on the Inbound Staging Area if you An AT-capable infantry unit activated during the Command
intend to land on the first turn. Phase also fires during the Mutual Vehicle Aircraft Phase.
• Use CH-47 Heavy Lift helicopters to bring heavier elements A. Fire
or the remainder of the Company.
Fire against vehicle and helicopter targets is called Anti-Tank
You don’t need to land assault waves one after another, and you (AT) Combat. A unit allowed to execute such fire is called an
can build in delays in the Landing Plan by moving the follow AT-capable unit (see Glossary, 1.2.6). The only time a unit can
on waves from the PU Zone to Inbound area as needed. In some perform AT Combat is in the Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase.
cases, you might feel the LZ is too “hot” to bring in the helicopters
Anti-Tank fire is resolved immediately. The target vehicle must
safely. In addition, the assault plan must take into account the
be in the firer’s LOS. Vehicle fire against an infantry target (re-
maximum capacity of 4 vehicles per card (1.2.1i). If the number
gardless if it is AT capable or is listed on the Vehicle and Anti-
of helicopters exceeds the LZ’s capacity at the end of the Vehicle
Tank Weapons Chart) places a VOF marker which is resolved
Movement and Combat Phase, or if more helicopters try to land in
in the Combat Effects Segment. Flip the “Activated” marker to
the same turn than the LZ can accommodate, the excess aircraft
its “Moved/Fired” side.
immediately abort their landing. If helicopters land on a card
containing a VOF marker, they receive fire prior to disembarking Fire is the only Action available during the Mutual Vehicle Air-
any passengers. Helicopters on LZ cards at the beginning of the craft Phase to an AT-capable infantry unit.
Vehicle Phase may take off so that other helicopters may land. If a unit fires, first resolve any VOF present on the card from
Example: Sample Landing Plan (This is optional; there is no which it fires, then resolve the unit’s AT Combat, and finally
obligation to use this): resolve any Reaction Fire from AT-capable units that have an
LOS. Enemy AT-capable units ALWAYS reaction fire if in range
1st Wave: and LOS.
Three UH-1s (3-Step capacity each) Total of 9-Steps—a full
strength Platoon is 12-Steps. Each Squad leaves behind one-
Step (if they have the Step to leave, this is annotated on the
Company Log).
Stick 1 – 1st PLT HQ [1], 1/1st PLT (–) [2] = 3 Steps
Stick 2 – Wpns / 1st PLT [1], 2/1st PLT (–) [2] = 3 Steps
Stick 3 – Wpns / 1st PLT [1], 3/1st PLT (–) [2] = 3 Steps
Designer’s Note: Troops assigned to an aircraft are called

“sticks” or “chalks.”

53 48 33 49
Row 3
13 38 19 44
Row 2
50 16 40 35
Row 1
Off Map
Staging
Area
US unit A: • Note also that US unit A cannot see the enemy unit on card 19.
• A unit always has a clear LOS to an adjacent card (except if in An LOS can only be traced along straight lines. To see this unit,
Smoke or under an Incoming! VOF), so US unit A can see the the LOS would have to go straight one card and then diagonally
enemy units on cards 13 and 38 regardless of blocking card sides one card (or vice versa), and that is not allowed.
or the spotting unit’s height. US unit B:
• In addition, blocking sides of the spotting unit’s card and target’s • This unit has a clear LOS to both of the enemy units on cards 33
card do not matter, so US unit A also has a clear LOS to the units and 19 because they are on adjacent cards.
on card 33. • This unit has a clear LOS to the unit on card 35 because unit B
• However, US unit A has a clear LOS to the enemy unit on card can ignore the dark border on its own card [5.2.1].
40 only if it (the US unit) is on the upper floor of the Multi-Story
card it is on. If it is, then you ignore the blocking card sides on
card 38, thus providing unit A with a clear LOS to card 40.

Line of Sight Examples

Stacked cards are hills. Black outlines are dark-bordered cards.
Basic LOS Night LOS
Limit of basic night/limited visibility LOS (includes Rain

and Fog).
LOS with Smoke and Incoming Night LOS with Illumination
You cannot see out of Incoming, but you can see in. Thus Now that illumination is introduced, the US units can see into
you continue to maintain a PDF into Incoming. You cannot the illuminated area (represented by the lighter background)
see through or over Incoming. but the Germans cannot see out of it. The reciprocal LOS
still exists between row 2, col. 1 and row 3, col. 2.

Note: A vehicle does not have to be activated to fire at infantry as for other spotting attempts. Resolve any VOF fire before the
in the Combat Phase (3.7). The purpose of activation is to allow spotting attempt. Treat the activated vehicle as if it had just fired.
it to fire at vehicles and/or move in the Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft
Phase. Moreover, a vehicle that has moved and/or fired in the 7.6 Resolving AT Combat
Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase can still fire at infantry in the Complete the following Steps in order:
Combat Effects segment (i.e., resolve its VOF). Infantry fired
A. Determine the firing unit’s Gunnery Modifier by cross-
at by a Vehicle that earlier fired at another vehicle does not
referencing the type of firing unit with the range to the target
have to be in the same card as the targeted vehicle. However,
card on the Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart.
in the Combat Effects segment the firing vehicle must fire
B. Add to this the defensive value of the target vehicle type from
along any already-established PDF. Pinned Vehicles generate
the Defensive Value column of the target.
All-Pinned VOFs just like Infantry units do. Additionally, when
Pinned they may be activated, but are bound by the restrictions C. Add any Cover & Concealment modifiers present on the
imposed on Pinned units in 4.2.5. target unit’s card.
D. If the firing unit has a Move then Fire capability and has
B. Move moved, add the modifier from the Move & Fire column.
Move the vehicle to an adjacent card. Resolve any VOF present E. Finally, add any other applicable modifier listed at the bottom
on the card from which it begins movement before movement. of the Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart.
If it survives that initial attack, move it onto another card. If The final result is called the AT modifier. Draw an Action card
that card has a VOF marker on it, immediately resolve the VOF and add the AT modifier to the AT number shown on that card to
present on that card. Lastly, resolve any Reaction Fire from any get a final sum. Look up the final sum on the Anti-Armor Table
AT-capable units that have an LOS. under the Anti-Tank Combat Resolution and Modifiers Chart to
After resolving any Reaction Fire, and if the activated vehicle determine the AT Combat result.
survives, you may continue to move the vehicle (if allowed by If the firing unit has a Quick Shot capability, the target is not a
the movement restrictions), resolving VOF and Reaction Fires, helicopter, and the AT combat result is –4, –2, 0, 2, or 4, then the
card by card. firing unit has obtained a Quick Shot result. You may have a unit
C. Move then Fire that obtains a Quick Shot result fire another AT Combat. And you
may continue to do so as long as Quick Shot results are obtained.
If the Move & Fire column for a vehicle has a number (even a
You cannot obtain a Quick Shot result against a helicopter.
0) in it, you may move such a unit as above and have it fire after
entering any card. However, you must cease moving it after it Follow a different procedure when firing a vehicle or an AT-
has fired. Capable unit that has a G! VOF. (Such units have smaller caliber
weapons like 37mm guns.) In this case, draw Action cards as in
D. Reaction Fire an Attempt to Make a Grenade Attack (two cards modified by
As activated vehicles move and fire, they potentially come under Experience Level). If successful, then follow the procedure above
fire from reacting units. Reacting units are inactive vehicles or (determine the net AT modifier, draw to get an AT number, and
AT-capable infantry and activated vehicles or AT-capable infantry add them together) to determine the final AT combat result on
that have not yet fired. You may have such a unit fire in reaction the Anti-Armor Table.
to any vehicle that fires or moves within its LOS. You do not
need to expend Commands to fire these reacting units. You cannot
have a unit react to Reaction Fire. If a vehicle is in the LOS of a
7.7 AT Combat Results
vehicle or AT-capable infantry unit when it performs an activity While you resolve combat against vehicles and helicopters identi-
in lieu of firing (i.e., spotting), that activity makes it vulnerable cally, there are different combat results for each. The following
to reaction fire just as if it had moved or fired. general concepts apply to all AT Combat Results:
The VOF resolution against moving/firing vehicles is only for • A Wreck marker provides cover like any other Cover marker.
those weapons which do not have a specific line on the Vehicle/ While such a marker does not count against the maximum
AT Weapons Chart. Thus, a weapon that has both a VOF and a number of Cover markers allowed for a Terrain card (1.2.1f),
listing on the Vehicle/AT Weapons Chart would not get to attack a it does count against the vehicle capacity limits (1.2.1i),
moving vehicle twice (with both its VOF and its Gunnery Modi- which also apply to LZs.
fier). It would only attack with its Gunnery Modifier. • A Burning Wreck marker does not provide cover, but does
count against the vehicle capacity limits, which also applies
After you’ve completed the movement and combat of all acti-
to LZs. The smoke from a burning wreck is not cumulative
vated vehicles, have all friendly vehicles that were not activated
with other burning wrecks on the same card. Smoke from a
receive attacks from any VOF present on their cards.
burning wreck blocks LOS.
E. Spot • The Vehicle and Anti-Tank Weapons Chart lists the size of
You may have an activated vehicle that is not under a Pinned each vehicle type’s crew in Steps.
marker attempt to spot an unspotted enemy unit in its LOS in lieu
of firing. Perform the spotting attempt using the same procedure
A. Combat Results for Vehicles 7.8 Ammunition

1) Brewed Up Vehicle weapons systems that consume ammo will consume
Replace the vehicle with a Burning Wreck marker. Convert each ammo each time they fire. In other words, if a weapon fires at a
crew and passenger Step to a casualty. Vehicle in the Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase, and then fires at
2) Knocked Out infantry in the Combat Effects segment, it will have consumed
Replace the vehicle with a Wreck marker. Convert each crew two points of Ammo.
and passenger Step to a Fire Team and inflict a HIT result on
each. Resolve the HIT as if it occurred during the Combat Ef-
fects Phase. Place the teams under the Wreck marker, but mark 8.0 Visibility
them Exposed. Each Mission lists the visibility condition. Normal visibility is
3) Retreating +0 or +1. When the Visibility Modifier is greater than +1, the
The vehicle crew decides discretion is the better part of valor. mission takes place under the effects of Limited Visibility. Place
Remove the vehicle and any passengers it is carrying from play a Visibility marker near the map to note the Visibility Modifier
for the remainder of the mission. dictated by Mission Instructions.
4) Pinned Note that Grenade, Incoming!, Mines, Claymores, and Booby

Trap VOF are not affected by the Visibility Modifier.
Place a Pinned marker on the vehicle to indicate that it is but-
toned-up. Pinned vehicles have a –1 modifier if targeted in AT
Combat. They may not Spot. They incur a +1 modifier if firing in 8.1 Limited Visibility Effects
AT Combat. Remove the Pinned marker at the end of the Vehicle Limited Visibility affects Commands, LOS, and combat.
Movement and Combat Phase, but only if the vehicle was not
the recipient of any form of attack during that phase. 1) Commands:
The maximum number of commands that can be spent by an HQ
5) Missed or Staff unit during Limited Visibility is 4. The maximum num-
No effect. ber of saved Commands by experience in Limited Visibility is:
B. Combat Results for Helicopters (& FAC Aircraft) Green 2
1) Shot Down – Crashed Line 4
Replace the helicopter with a Burning Wreck marker. Convert Veteran 6
each crew and passenger Step to a Casualty.
2) Line of Sight
2) Shot Down – Auto Rotate
During Limited Visibility the maximum LOS range without
Replace the helicopter with a Wreck marker. Convert each crew Illumination or a night observation device is reduced to Close
and passenger Step to a Fire Team and inflict a HIT result on Range (adjacent).
each. Resolve each HIT as if it occurred during the Combat Ef-
fects Phase. Place the teams under the Wreck marker, but mark 3) Combat
them Exposed. The Visibility Modifier (normal or limited) is part of the NCM.
Apply the Visibility Modifier of between +0 and +5 to the Net
3) Aborted – Damaged
Combat Modifier (NCM).
Immediately move the helicopter to the Enroute Staging Area.
Consider it damaged enough to be unavailable to support the
rest of the mission. Return the helicopter and any passengers to 8.2 Illumination
the Pickup Staging Area in the following turn where the aircraft The Campaign Instructions list available illumination. Illumina-
lands and is unable to leave. Any dropped passengers may fly in tion is available for any mission that has one or more turns where
on another undamaged helicopter. the visibility is Moon of any value. Illumination can be delivered
from several sources. Use it to mitigate the effects of Limited
4) Aborted – Undamaged
Visibility at night. Illumination does not help in Rain/Snow
The helicopter aborts the current Action, but is still available to
or Fog conditions.
support the mission during subsequent turns. Immediately move
the helicopter to the Enroute Staging Area, where you may have Place an Illumination marker on a card either by deploying a
it re-enter the map in a subsequent turn. Retain any passengers Pyrotechnic or by calling in an Illumination Fire Mission. The
on board. Illumination marker has one or more modifiers mitigating the
Visibility Modifier. Apply the top modifier to the card containing
5) Missed the Illumination marker. Apply the bottom modifier, if present, to
No Effect all adjacent cards. (The Illumination Modifier plus the Visibility
Modifier can never be less than +0.) Any card that is under the
effect of illumination is illuminated. Illuminated units can see
adjacent cards per normal LOS rules, as well as other Illuminated
cards out to normal visibility range. Remove Illumination mark-

ers during the Clean Up Phase. 9.0 The Enemy
9.1 Potential Contact
8.3 Night Observation Devices
Enemy contact is a function of US units occupying a card with a
8.3.1 Active Infrared Potential Contact (PC) marker combined with the level of Current
This includes IR Illuminators and Receivers that are mounted Activity. The Current Activity is dynamic, changing immediately
either on small arms or on vehicles. Do not apply any Visibility as conditions change. Review and update the Current Activity
Modifier when firing any unit so equipped at Point Blank range level as the situation changes on the map. This most often occurs
(on the same card). Do not apply any Visibility Modifier when during Enemy Activity Checks, Friendly movement during the
firing a vehicle unit so equipped out to Close Range (into an Command Phase, and as Potential Contact is resolved. Place the
adjacent card). Current Activity marker next to the Current Visibility marker
near the top of the map for easy reference.
8.3.2 Passive Infrared
The Current Activity Levels in increasing order are:
This includes goggles and Starlight scopes. The Campaign In-
structions indicate the specific effectiveness of available devices 1. No Contact:
as the quality changes over time. You can fire a unit equipped with No VOF or PDF markers are on the map and no enemy units
Passive IR regardless of the Visibility out to its full range. Do have been spotted.
not apply any Visibility Modifier when firing a unit so equipped
2. Contact:
at any range. Passive IR is ineffective in illuminated areas. In
One friendly- or enemy-occupied card is under a VOF marker,
such cases, use the illumination modifiers.
or there is at least one spotted enemy unit on the map.
8.3.3 Thermal Sights 3. Engaged:
You can fire a unit equipped with Thermal Sights regardless of Two or more friendly- or enemy-occupied cards are under VOF
the Visibility, Rain/Snow, Fog, or Smoke out to its full range. Do markers.
not apply any Visibility Modifier when firing a unit so equipped
at any range. 4. Heavily Engaged:
Two or more friendly- or enemy-occupied cards are under VOF
Unit Note: The AC-47 Spooky does not have any night observa-
markers and at least one card has both enemy and friendly units
tion system, thus it must drop illumination in order to avoid the
on it.
visibility penalty.
9.1.1 Potential Contact (PC) Markers
8.4 Smoke Potential Contact (PC) markers control
Smoke is an artificial form of Limited Visibility. Smoke occurs the type and location of enemy contact
as the result of a Pyrotechnic, a Fire Mission, or a burning wreck. (9.2). In some missions, they can move,
Smoke includes Smoke grenades, WP Smoke, or Incoming! and representing potential enemy move-
Air Strike VOF markers (dirt and dust kicked up by incoming ment. The markers have two sides. One side has the letter A, B,
artillery and mortars). You can trace an LOS into, but not through or C. The other side has a question mark. The letter represents
or out of, a card containing smoke (Note that this does create a the likelihood and severity of enemy contact, with A being the
rare instance where LOS is not reciprocal). Smoke and WP smoke most severe, and C being the least severe. The “?” is used to
provide a defensive benefit to the occupants of the card, except mark unspotted enemy units.
to Incoming! and Grenade attacks. Multiple sources of smoke 9.1.2 Initial Placement of PC Markers for Offensive
are not cumulative; use only the single best, defensive benefit.
Missions and Combat Patrols
Clusters and parachutes are not considered Smoke. For Offensive Missions, put PC markers on the map when setting
up a mission. The Mission Instructions indicate which type of PC
markers to place by card row, whether to place them letter side
showing or “?” side showing, and how to place them. Place one
marker of the indicated type on each card that is not occupied by
a friendly unit in that row. Some missions may dictate placement
of enemy forces on the map in addition to PC markers.
If a mission calls for PC markers of different letters to be ran-
domly placed, select a number of markers of each letter equal
to the number of Terrain cards to be marked. Flip all the PC
markers so that their “?” sides are up, mix them thoroughly, and
then place the required number in play with their “?” sides up.
For example, if the Mission Instructions say to randomly place

eight markers of letters B and C, mix eight letter B markers and 9.2 Generating Enemy Forces
eight letter C markers, and then randomly place eight of those
16 in play showing their “?” sides. If there are not enough PC Upon making contact, determine the type of enemy contact and
markers of one letter, select as many as possible of that letter place it on the map as follows.
and then select an equal number of the other letter or letters. 9.2.1 Type of Enemy Contact
For instance, several Vietnam missions say to place PC markers
For each PC marker where contact has occurred determine the
randomly on 25 cards. In this case, select all 16 A markers, all
type and disposition of the enemy. Draw an Action card and
16 B markers, and all 16 C markers, randomize them, and place
check the random number under 10. Cross-reference this num-
25 of them in play showing their “?” sides.
ber under the PC marker letter in the Mission Information to
9.1.3 Placement of PC Markers for Defensive Missions find a resulting enemy force. Check the #/Result on the Enemy
For Defensive Missions, place PC markers on cards or entire Force Package Table in the Campaign Instructions for an exact
rows as indicated by the Mission Instructions during the Enemy description of the enemy.
Activity Checks. Then resolve them normally (9.1.5). Remove The Enemy Force Package Table provides the following infor-
any PC marker not resolved by the end of a particular turn. mation:
9.1.4 Counter Attacks Package Name – usually descriptive, but see Description for
exact details.
Some Offensive Missions call for a counter attack on a particu-
lar turn or as a result of an Enemy Higher HQ Event. During a Place VOF/PDF? – Determines whether or not the enemy im-
counter attack turn, place a PC marker of the type indicated in mediately opens fire. Enemy forces that do not initially have a
the Mission Instructions on every US-occupied card. This may VOF/PDF will likely automatically open fire the moment the
take place over a number of turns as specified in the event. Some on-map situation changes during subsequent turns.
missions may have a different set of enemy force packages just Unit Spotted? – Determines if you can see the new unit or not.
for counter attacks. The sequence of play for the mission is still If Yes, your eligible available units will open fire on it. If No,
that of an Offensive Mission, but the Activity Checks (9.4) are flip the PC marker to it’s “?” side and place on top of the newly
made with Assault tactics for the next three turns or until the arriving enemy as a reminder the unit(s) is unspotted.
mission ends, whichever comes first.
Placement – Determines where to place the unit. This column’s
9.1.5 Resolving PC Markers information is only used if the Mission Unit Placement table
PC markers are resolved during the VOF Phase. Wherever a US shows “Per Package Placement Table.” You must continue to roll
unit is on a card with a PC marker, there is a potential enemy on the Mission Unit Placement table to find a direction.
contact. If any PC marker is on its question mark side with a US Description – shows the types and number of units to be placed:
unit, flip it to its letter side before resolving it (but not those “?” • Mines,
being used to mark unspotted enemy units). • Incoming (NCM #),
To resolve a marker, check the Potential Contact Draws Chart • Sniper,
(also on a hint card) and cross-reference the marker’s letter with • Illumination,
the Current Activity Level. If the cross-reference says “Auto,” • Leaders (choose randomly)
you make contact without having to draw any cards. If the cross- • Forward Observers,
reference is a number, you must draw that number of cards. If • Teams,
any card drawn contains the word “Contact!” in the upper center, • Squads,
you make contact. If the word “Contact!” is not drawn there is
• Guns/Weapons, or
no contact with the Enemy. In either case remove the PC marker.
• Combination of the above.
Adjust the Current Activity marker as enemy forces appear, if
necessary (9.1). Always just place one of any indicated unit type. If multiple
units are listed, place those with a + sign together on the same
If more than one PC marker needs to be resolved, do it in al-
card. Place those separated by a / character on separate cards.
phabetical order. Resolve multiple markers of the same letter in
In that way, a complex contact may occur from multiple direc-
random order.
tions simultaneously. Annotate the back of the Mission Log with
When you make contact, consult the Mission Instructions to enemy unit and ammo information.
determine the type of contact based on the letter of the PC
If the generated package cannot be set up because one or more
marker (9.2.1).
units are not available due to counter mix limits, disregard the
If two PC markers end up on a card due to some event (such as original package and draw additional cards until you generate a
a Counterattack), remove the lower letter (A is highest). package that contains unit types that are all still available.
You can move vehicles through Terrain cards without resolving
their PC markers. Resolve contact only on the card where the
vehicle ends movement.

9.2.2 Location of Enemy Contact case only, Enemy units do place VOFs on cards that contain other
All Mines and Incoming markers are placed on the card where Enemy units. You will find that in most cases, it is still advanta-
the contact occurred; for all others a location must be determined. geous for the Enemy to do so, as their own troops are generally
Draw an Action card and check the random number under 10. in field fortifications. This represents interlocking fortifications
Reference this number under the Unit Placement Table in the firing close in fire to prevent the US from overrunning the card.
Mission Information to find a resulting placement. This place- Enemy units placed that are firing through intervening PC mark-
ment indicates the direction and distance of the enemy forces ers along the line of fire cause those intervening PC markers to
relative to the Terrain card where contact occurred. Be sure to be removed if at the same level (the enemy will not intentionally
check the Mission information for any special force or place- fire through its own troops; the enemy will fire over the heads of
ment instructions. its own troops that are at a lower elevation).
If the placement result is “Per Package Table Placement,” refer to The placement of Enemy forces may cause the map to expand
the Placement column in that campaign’s Enemy Force Package past its original configuration by placing additional Terrain cards.
Table to determine whether to place the units on the same card as US units may not leave the original boundaries unless specifically
where the contact occurred, on cards adjacent to the contact card, indicated by the Mission Instructions. This may even cause the
or on cards at the current maximum LOS range from the contact map to extend into the Staging Area. (If so, the main Staging
card. If that column tells you to place the unit on an adjacent Area expands as well to allow US movement off-map. If this
card, or at max LOS, continue to draw on the Unit Placement happens, simply “push” the Staging area card as far as it needs
Table until you get a direction (Front/Side/Rear; Left; Right). to go in order to accommodate the map expansion.) To expand
Note that when placing at max LOS, the enemy unit must never the map, draw a new Terrain card from the deck and place it
be placed beyond its max range. where needed. If it’s a Hill card, place it and continue to draw
The direction is relative to the player’s orientation to the map until you get a non-Hill card to put on it. If an enemy unit is to
(Front is the next row toward the top of the map in relation to the be placed at max range, and the Terrain Card allows for LOS to
player, left is to his left, etc.). The Mission Instructions indicate pass through it, continue to draw Terrain Cards until max range
whether or not the enemy is spotted and whether or not it is in is reached for the enemy unit, or a Terrain Card is drawn that
cover and the type of cover, if applicable. Do not place a unit blocks LOS through it.
that is listed after a “/” character on the same card as another 9.2.3 Enemy Cover
unit in the same package; continue to check for placement until
The Mission Instructions list a default Cover Level. Place all
you determine a different card.
enemy units in that package being placed on the same card under
Whenever placing a unit at max LOS, it must be able to see the the indicated Cover marker unless
unit triggering the contact. This represents contact being made
a) the unit’s package specifically mentions another type of cover,
by the enemy unit opening fire.
in which case use that one instead, or
You cannot place a package on a card where the card is already
b) it indicates the unit is Exposed, in which case do not use any
along the PDF of another enemy unit; continue drawing cards
Cover marker.
until a valid location is found. You cannot place an enemy pack-
age on a card that already contains enemy units. Exception: When When an Enemy Force Package makes no mention of Cover,
you receive a ‘+’ result, those units are placed together. Continue place the Enemy unit(s) in Default Cover according to Mission
drawing cards until a valid location is found. instructions. When it says “under [fortification type],” place the
unit(s) under that fortification type. When it says “in Cover,”
An enemy package may appear on a card containing US units if
place the unit(s) under a +1 Cover marker. When it says “No
called for by the Package Tables.
Cover,” then no cover is placed for the unit(s). Enemy units
Note: If a mortar team gets on a card with your units, they placed in Multi-Story building cover are placed on the ground
will, by rule, only be able to engage those on-card units, thus floor, unless otherwise indicated by the package instructions.
you will need to flip the mortar unit to its Fire Team side in
order for them to be able to engage those units. Enemy forces
9.2.4 Enemy Firing (VOF/PDF)
may go on a card that still has a PC marker. In this case, leave When placed, enemy units will always target the unit that trig-
the PC marker in place. gered their placement. Exception: In Vol. I Vietnam and Vol. II
Peleliu missions only, enemy units can be generated on the card
An enemy force may not go on a card that currently has an enemy of US units that did not trigger them, thus causing them to open
Volume of Fire marker. Continue drawing cards until a valid fire on that card rather than the unit that triggered them. This
location appears. This applies in reverse, too. That is, you can’t represents the extensive use of tunneling by the enemy in Vietnam
place an enemy VOF on a card with an enemy unit, even one and the cave and spider holes on Peleliu.
that has not yet been spotted by US units. Exception: When a US If the placement location drawn does not legally allow the enemy
unit is on a card that contains both an Enemy unit and a PC, if unit to target the triggering US unit, redraw for a different place-
that PC triggers an enemy unit that places a VOF, that triggered ment. Continue drawing until the above requirement is met. If
Enemy unit will place its VOF on the card of the triggering unit that package cannot legally be placed to comply with this, redraw
(targeting the US unit that triggered it, per 9.2.4). Thus, in this
for a different package. If NO available package could legally For all charts, find the first case that applies to the unit, starting
comply, then discard the contact entirely. at the top and proceeding to the bottom of the appropriate tactics
column. Randomly determine the order in which you check the
9.3 Spotting the Enemy enemy-occupied cards. For each card, check Pinned/LAT units
first, then Good Order units, and then any leaders. Draw a card
Some enemy units are placed in play automatically spotted as using the Random Number section appropriate to the applicable
per the Enemy Force Package Tables. Many enemy units come case to determine what Action or attempts, if any, the unit per-
into play unspotted. Unspotted applies to all occupants of a forms. Implement or attempt that Action immediately before
card. You may not have friendly units engage enemy units on moving on to the next enemy unit.
an unspotted card, even though enemy units on that card may be
engaging friendly units. Friendly forces are always considered An enemy unit not otherwise engaged against a friendly unit must
spotted by the enemy. engage (place a VOF marker and PDF marker) any friendly unit
that moves into its LOS; no draw is necessary. Unlike friendly
In order to spot an enemy unit, a unit must be commanded to
forces, Enemy units will engage cards that contain units from
make an Action attempt during the Command Phase with a base
both sides. If more than one occupied card is in its LOS, it en-
draw of two cards, as modified by the modifiers on the Spotting
gages the largest target in terms of friendly Steps. If equal, use
Attempts Draw Modifiers Chart. As per the rules for Action
a random selection (1.2.2.e) to determine the enemy PDF. An
draws, the minimum draw is always one card. Note some modi-
enemy unit loses its PDF if a US unit enters its card; it switches
fiers pertain to the unit attempting to spot, while others pertain
its fire to the entering unit. Enemy units will not continue to
to the enemy unit it is trying to spot.
fire into a card where there are no longer any valid targets (any
A card can never contain both spotted and unspotted enemy non-casualty units). In this case assume the enemy has received
units. If one unit on the card is spotted, all units on that card, a Cease Fire Command.
including those that move in, are spotted. An unspotted enemy
Do not make an Activity Check for any unit whose Action is
unit that moves into a card with a spotted enemy unit is auto-
mandated by another rule, such as a unit that is out of ammo. If
matically spotted.
a result is drawn on the Enemy Activity Hierarchy tables that an
An unspotted enemy cannot be purposely targeted. There are enemy unit cannot legally perform, and there are no alternatives
only two cases where an unspotted enemy unit can be affected listed for that result, or if there is no row that applies to the unit
by a friendly VOF: in its current state, then that enemy unit does nothing.
• If you receive a Battalion Fire Mission and one or both of the When an enemy unit needs to choose among targets on its own
adjacent cards you choose has unspotted enemies present. card, it selects the largest target first, then randomly among equal
• If an unspotted enemy unit ends up on a card that already sized targets.
has a friendly VOF on it (one example of this would be if
US units are firing into an empty card and a PC placement Enemy units that move are subject to the same restrictions as
result puts an enemy on that card) US units that move. Thus, mark any enemy unit that moves,
including one that Falls Back or Seeks Cover, with an Exposed
marker. In addition, certain unit types, as listed in 6.4, cannot
9.4 Enemy Activity Checks fire if marked with an Exposed marker.
During the Enemy Activity Check segment of each turn, check Enemy units that receive a Fall Back result will move away
each Enemy unit individually. Remember first to determine ran- from US units into one of the 3 cards to the rear (or two cards if
domly in what order to check each enemy-occupied card, then it is on the edge of the map). The first priority for the Fall Back
within each card to check Pinned/LAT units, Good Order units, move is the card that is out of LOS of any US units. Next prior-
and Leaders, in that order. Each enemy unit will be checked ity is the card with the highest terrain value. If more than one of
only once per turn, regardless what change of status may occur. the allowable cards fits these priorities, then determine the card
There are three different Activity Check Hierarchy Tables: randomly. If an enemy unit is targeting a US unit on its card
• Pinned/LAT, and it receives a Fall Back result, it will continue to target that
• Offensive, and same US unit after executing the Fall Back (unless, of course,
it has Fallen Back onto a card that also contains a US unit). Do
• Defensive.
not extend the map if an enemy unit leaves it due to a Fall Back
On the Offensive and Defensive Hierarchy Activity Tables, result from an Activity Check Hierarchy. Remove the unit from
there are columns for different enemy tactics (Defensive: Delay, play instead.
Hasty, Deliberate; Offensive: Assault, Overrun). Find the hier-
Note that some Enemy Activity Hierarchy results will call for an
archy and the tactics the enemy is using for the mission in the
enemy unit to be removed and be replaced with a PC marker. In
Mission Details table and then use the corresponding column
all such cases, place the same letter PC marker that was placed
for all Activity Checks. Check all Pinned and LAT units on the
on the row at setup. If there is a PC marker already present, do
Pinned/LAT table. Note that during a Counterattack the tactics
not place another—simply remove the enemy unit.
might change (9.1.4).

9.5 Mines, Booby Traps, and Claymores any US units, the sniper regains its unspotted status. In contrast,
Snipers in field fortifications or caves remain in place if spotted.
Place any Mines VOF marker discovered via Poten-
tial Contact on the same card as the unit resolving If no targets exist on the target card, the sniper will engage the
the Potential Contact. Every unit currently on the closest friendly-occupied card in its LOS. If multiple potential
card, friendly or enemy, must immediately do a mine target cards exist, engage the card with the most Steps. If there
check. As indicated on the marker, draw three Action cards for are still multiple cards possible, determine the new target card
each unit. If any card contains a Burst icon, then the unit has randomly (6.2.2).
been hit; flip the Mine marker to the explosion side as a re- If a Sniper no longer has any eligible targets, leave it in place
minder to implement the hit(s) during the Combat Effects Seg- until another target appears.
ment. For infantry units, the VOF for a mine is –4 and for AT Note that snipers are not governed by the Enemy Activity Hier-
Combat the VOF is –2. archy, but by this section. However, if Pinned or reduced to an
Thereafter, you must have each infantry unit or vehicle, friendly LAT, snipers then will follow the Enemy LAT Activity Hierarchy.
or enemy, that enters or moves within a mined card check for a If a vehicle moves into a card that is being targeted by a Sniper,
mine attack by drawing three cards for each unit and checking the vehicle is subject only to the S VOF from the Sniper, not
for a Burst icon. This applies whether it’s the same turn that the from the H (the H only affects the specific target). However, if
mine was discovered or a later turn. You do not need to check a vehicle is ON a card when a Sniper is choosing a target, that
for a mine attack when a unit leaves a mined card. You cannot vehicle is part of the target selection process and, if selected,
remove a mine. will then be subject to the H VOF from the Sniper (in this case
Booby Traps appear in the same manner as mines. A Booby Trap the sniper has the time to target the crew).
does not persist, however, but attacks only once. When a booby
trap appears, it automatically attacks one unit with a –4 mine 9.7 Leaders
attack. If multiple units occupy the card, determine randomly When a leader appears via a PC marker, randomly
which one to attack. There are no separate Booby Trap markers; choose a leader. There is no functional difference
use a Grenade Attack marker as a reminder when one appears. between available enemy leaders.
Claymore Mines are available as indicated in the
When an enemy leader is in play, draw an additional
Mission Instructions. Place them at the start of the
card for any Action attempts made by enemy units in Visual-
mission on or adjacent to any US occupied card, no
Verbal communication with the leader. Flip an enemy leader
more than one per card. If an enemy unit enters or
alone on a card to its Fire Team side during the first Enemy
appears on a card with a Claymore, after all enemy units have
Activity Check Segment after being left alone.
moved, the Claymore attacks one unit with a –4 mine attack. If
multiple units could be attacked, determine randomly which one
to attack. Remove the Claymore after it is used once. 9.8 Indirect Fire Spotters
Place an enemy Incoming! VOF marker on the same
Note: Mines, Booby Traps, and Claymores are not affected
card as the unit resolving the Potential Contact that
by Limited Visibility.
created the marker. There is always a spotter control-
ling Incoming! VOF. Draw an Action card to deter-
9.6 Snipers mine the placement of the spotter per the Contact Placement
Table in the Mission Instructions, but always place it unspotted
Upon contacting a sniper, draw an Action card to
at maximum LOS range from the affected card. The initial fire
determine the placement of the sniper per the Con-
happens automatically without the need for a draw.
tact Placement Table in the Mission Instructions.
However, always place it unspotted at maximum Provided the spotter remains in Good Order and has Fire Missions
LOS range from the affected card. A sniper may attack with remaining, it continues to call for fire with the following priority:
Grenades, and it may employ a free Grenade Attack when it is 1. Units in the same card as its Incoming! VOF marker.
the subject of an enemy Grenade Attack. 2. The card within its LOS that has a vehicle.
A sniper remains in play and continues to attack the card that 3. The card within its LOS that has the most Steps.
brought the sniper on the map until spotted. Once it is spotted, 4. If multiple cards have an equal number of Steps, and are at
you must move a Good Order sniper one card away from any the same range, then determine the target randomly.
friendly units during each Activity Check Segment until it is out 5. If no target exists, the spotter does nothing.
of friendly LOS or has exited the map (exiting the map removes
The number of available missions (including the initial one),
it from play). When a Good Order Sniper is Spotted and thus
the Net Combat Modifier, and the number of draws for all fires
following his instructions to move one card away from US units
after the first are included in the mission instructions. After the
until out of LOS, his first priority is the allowable card that is out
automatic Call for Fire during Placement, an enemy spotter
of LOS of all US units. His next priority is the card with the high-
Calls for Fire normally in the Enemy Activity Check Segment.
est terrain value. If more than one of the allowable cards fit the
A Fire Mission is expended only if the Call for Fire draw was
priorities, then determine the card randomly. Once out of LOS of
successful. Remove Good Order spotters from play when they number of captured Steps taken on a given card. The guard Step
have expended all their available Fire Missions. is immediately removed from play along with the prisoners. If the
Like the sniper, Enemy spotters are not governed by the Enemy guarding step is friendly, it is not available for the remainder of
Activity Hierarchy but by their own rules in this section. How- the mission, but returns between missions and retains its original
ever, if Pinned or reduced to an LAT, Enemy spotters will then experience (it is not considered an LAT). Enemy casualties are
follow the Enemy LAT Activity Hierarchy. automatically captured if their card is Cleared by the end of the
Mutual Capture & Retreat Phase. Simply remove them from play
and place them on the Asset Holding Card (10.3.1). Enemy units
9.9 Enemy Ammunition never capture friendly casualties.
Track enemy ammunition and Fire Missions on the
Note: This is a streamline from Vol. I as too much energy was
back side of the Mission Log, or with the markers
expended on “what ifs” with taking, guarding, and transport-
provided (some players prefer tracking ammo on
ing prisoners when it does not actually happen often, and, in
map). In the Clean Up Phase, remove from play any
reality, is fairly mundane.
unspotted enemy Weapons team that runs out of ammunition.
Have any spotted, Good Order enemy Weapons team that runs out
of ammo attempt to leave the map by moving one card away from
friendly units during each Activity Check Segment until it is out
of friendly LOS or has exited the map, in which case remove it
10.0 Rallying, Reconstituting, &
from play. You must move the enemy unit along the path of great- Experience
est cover and concealment that still takes it away from the closest
friendly units. If more than one allowable card fits the priorities, You may change the state of a unit in a reduced state during a
then determine which card randomly. Enemy Squads that track mission by rallying or reconstituting the unit. You may increase
ammo do not attempt to leave the map when they run out of ammo. the Experience Level of a unit between missions by spending
Experience Points. You may also promote and replace units
between missions.
9.10 Enemy Vehicles
Enemy vehicles may be activated for movement or 10.1 Rally
combat in the Vehicle Phase via an Activity Check.
The Mission Instructions provide the specific ve- 10.1.1 Rallying Pinned Units
hicle priorities for enemy vehicles when activated. Rally is used to remove Pinned markers. Rally Action 4.2.3.a.
When Vehicles from both sides are activated, if the mission is
an Offensive or Patrol mission the Player’s side goes first, for 10.1.2 Rallying Units from their Fire Team Side
Defensive missions the enemy goes first, and then activations Rally is used to flip units with a fireteam side to their Good
alternate afterwards. Order side (i.e., Weapon Team, FO, HQ). Rally Action 4.2.3.f.
Units that flip back to their Good Order side retain their original
9.11 Enemy Fanaticism experience level.
Campaign or Mission Instructions may designate enemy forces 10.1.3 Rallying an LAT
in play as Fanatic. Fanatic enemies do not Convert to Litter or You may increase the state of a unit from a lower numbered state
Paralyzed Teams when hit. Any hit result that is an L (Litter to a higher numbered state by successfully performing a Rally
Team) is treated like an F (Fire Team) and any P (Paralyzed) is Action on the unit. The unit states are:
treated like a C (Casualty). They are Pinned normally.
1. Paralyzed Team
2. Litter Team
9.12 Enemy Human Wave Attacks 3. Fire Team or Assault Team
Some enemy contacts will have force packages designated as 4. Good Order
Human Wave Assaults. All Hit results are C (and they do not
Use Rally Actions 4.2.3.b-e.
pin). Human Waves are never Pinned.
If a unit has incurred a combat result (6.3.3) that has caused its
9.13 Prisoners original counter to be replaced by an LAT counter (Paralyzed,
Litter, Assault, or generic Fire Team), the unit can never be ral-
Consider any Paralyzed or Litter Teams captured if there are lied back to its original counter. The highest state it can attain
no other same-side forces on the card AND there are any Good via Rally orders during a mission is a (generic) Fire Team or
Order units, or Assault or Fire Teams from the opposite side. Assault Team.
Vehicles cannot take or execute prisoners. If a side does not take
prisoners per the Campaign Instructions, automatically convert
any captured units to casualties (their captors have shot them).
Otherwise, any single step unit with a printed VOF can guard any

10.2 Reconstituting Company HQ

The Company HQ reconstitutes from its XO, any
10.2.1 Squads Platoon HQ, Arty FO, 1st Sergeant, then CO
You may reconstitute a squad unit which has been removed from GySgt—in that order. If a higher-level unit is still
the map. Any two, three, or four fire/assault teams may be given in play, but on its Fire team side, it must first be
an Attempt to Reconstitute Squad order (4.2.3.i). If the attempt is rallied then used to reconstitute the CO HQ; it cannot be skipped
successful remove the fire/assault teams and replace them with over unless removed from play. For example, for the 1st Sgt to
a 2- or 4-step squad, respectively. be able to reconstitute the CO HQ, the XO, all PLT HQs, and
Thus, in practice, a regular squad can regain its original Good the Arty FO must have been removed from play. See Command
Order counter during a mission through first rallying Steps up to & Control Action 4.2.1.e.
fire/assault teams and then reconstituting the teams into a squad. 10.2.3 Weapons Teams and FOs
The experience of the Reconstituted unit, however, is based on
Once their counter is removed from play, it may not return via
the experience of the LAT (Line for Assault, Green for all others)
rally or reconstitution during the course of a mission. If they have
and the table in 10.6.
been turned into Paralyzed or Litter Teams, they can be rallied
It is intentional that there is no mechanism to track which LATs to generic Fire or Assault teams and used to reconstitute squads.
have come from which specific units. Units reduced to LATs
become small clumps of men with varying agendas. In the heat 10.3 Experience
of battle they are reorganized as they are. Where they belong
can be sorted out later. 10.3.1 Gaining Experience
You can never have a unit rally/reconstitute such that it ends up The Company receives Experience Points by accomplishing tasks
with more firepower than it started with. during the course of a mission. The mission instructions indicate
how many points each task is worth.
10.2.2 Headquarters
Possible Mission tasks include but are not limited to:
Reconstituting a HQ is returning an HQ unit to the map that has
been removed by converting an eligible Good Order step into • Capture an enemy casualty
the desired HQ unit. Reconstituted HQs always enter play as • Capture enemy prisoners
Green experience. • Clear # of cards
• Clear all rows
Note: An HQ on its fire team side flips through a rally Action
• Clear another card that had a PC B or C marker
(4.2.3f).
• Clear another card that had a PC A marker
Platoon HQ • Clear cards in certain column #
A Platoon HQ may be reconstituted from the XO, • Clear rows in certain row #
1st Sgt, or any Good Order step from that Platoon. • Clear more than # cards
Any eligible unit can be used; no chain of command • Clear other cards on rows # and #
restricts who can be used in sequence to replace a • Clear perimeter cards
PLT HQ. See Command & Control Action 4.2.1.d. • Complete HQ event marked “*” that turn
• Each friendly-occupied card without enemy troops at mission
end
• Inflict (but not capture ) enemy casualty
Army Skill Name USMC Skill Name Effect Experience Point Cost
NCO ESPIRIT D’CORPS One General Initiative Command 2
NCO SEMPER FI Covert a Paralyzed Team to an Assault Tm 2
NCO SEMPER FI Covert a Paralyzed Team to a Fire Team 1
NCO SQUAD TACTICS Spawn an Assault or Fire Team from 4 or 3 Step Squad 1
GOOD TRAINING GOOD TRAINING +1 draw to any Action attempt 1
TRAINED EYE TRAINED EYE Automatically successful Spot attempt 1
USE THE GROUND USE THE GROUND Automatically successful find Cover attempt 1
EXTRA MAGS EXTRA MAGS Automatically successful Concentrate Fire attempt 1
DEER SLAYER DEER SLAYER Automatically successful Infiltrate attempt 1
STAR PITCHER STAR PITCHER Automatically successful Hand Grenade Attack attempt 1

• Knock out or brew up enemy vehicle 10.4 Replacements

• Perform a successful Grenade! attack
At the end of a successfully completed mission the Company
• Secure the attack position card
receives replacement Steps. You only receive replacement Steps
• Secure the primary objective card after the successful completion of a mission, not for reattempt-
• Secure the secondary objective card ing a mission.
• Successfully evacuate a friendly casualty
Replacements generally arrive as Green, but after a mission,
You do not transport an enemy casualty to capture it, but you must some replacements become veterans as lightly wounded men
Clear its card by the end of the Mutual Capture and Retreat Phase return to the Company. Return one out of every four casualty
to gain experience points for it. Place captured enemy casualties Steps per mission as a veteran, rounding any fractions down (i.e.,
on the Command Display to aid in keeping track. 7 casualty steps returns 1 Veteran step; 8 casualty steps returns 2
“Clear” means all enemy units and PC markers are removed. Veteran steps). You can add the Steps to any unit in the Company.
“Secure” means a friendly unit occupies the location. “Clear These Veteran Steps that return are in addition to any replace-
and Secure” means both. ments listed in the Campaign Instructions. For example, if the
Determine whether a card is cleared at the end of a mission. You US forces in a WWII mission lost 6 Steps, then the US would
do not get points for a card that is cleared during a mission but get 6 Green replacement Steps and one Veteran Step.
then reoccupied by the enemy before the mission is over, and Note: When counting casualties for the sake of determining
you cannot get double points for clearing a card twice. how many veteran Steps you receive, count all casualties—
10.3.2 Using Experience Points evacuated or not. But only count those from the mission just
completed—there is no carryover from mission to mission.
At the conclusion of a mission, Experience Points are used to For missions that have been reattempted, count the number of
promote Steps. Promotions never happen during the course of Casualties remaining after the last successful attempt.
a mission. Returning casualty Steps may also serve to promote
a unit. Allocate the replacements Steps as indicated on the Mission
After completing a mission, do the following in the indicated Instructions to the Company and then determine the final Expe-
order: rience Level of individual units. Once the combined experience
of a multi-Step unit is determined (10.6), all Steps are at that
• Tally Experience Points.
Experience Level for the next mission.
• Demote to Green all Steps ending the mission as LATs.
• Promote Steps. You can also use a replacement Step to reconstitute an HQ or
Staff unit, but that unit has an Experience Level of Green.
• Add available replacements.
Weapons Teams and FOs attached to your Company for a mis-
It costs one Experience Point to promote a Step from green to
sion are automatically replaced for subsequent missions and do
line. It costs three Experience Points to promote a Step from line
not require replacements—their parent organization takes care
to veteran. You may increase a Step in experience by only one
of that for you.
level between missions. Then you may use Experience Points to
purchase Skills for the next mission (10.7). The Company loses
unused Experience Points. 10.5 Rotations
You cannot use Experience Points to promote attached or support- Some campaigns have rotations where veteran Steps rotate out
ing Steps assigned to the Company by the Mission Instructions of the Company per the Campaign Instructions.
(engineers, heavy weapons Company, etc.).
10.3.3 Using Experience Points After Combat Patrols
Each patrol in a Combat Patrol mission is considered a separate
mission, so you do accumulate and spend Experience points
between each Patrol, but only units that participated in the Patrol
mission may be promoted.

10.6 Multi-Step Unit Experience Levels

For Two-Step units:
11.0 Victory Conditions
You must successfully complete a mission before moving on to
• Veteran + (Green or Line) = Line
the next mission in the campaign. The Mission Instructions will
• Line + Green = Green
indicate what constitutes the successful completion of a mission
For Three-Step units: and the number of times the mission may be attempted. You may
• 2x Veteran + Green = Line only re-attempt a mission if you failed to complete it.
• 2x Veteran + Line = Veteran
• 2x Line + Any = Line 11.1 Reattempting a Failed Mission
• 2x Green + Veteran = Line Perform the following Steps when reattempting a mission. Also
• 2x Green + Line = Green apply all of these to any patrol after the first one in a Combat
• Veteran + Line + Green = Line Patrol mission except where you regenerate the map between
For Four-Step units: patrols (which represents a different area); 11.4.
• 3x Veteran + Any = Veteran 1) Assign any Experience Points earned from the previous
• 2x Veteran + Any = Line attempt, but do not add replacements. These must wait until
• 3x Line + Any = Line successfully completing the mission.
• 2x Line +Veteran + Green = Line 2) Reconstitute squads from LATs if enough remain, and
• 2x Line + 2x Green = Green automatic rally. Leave remaining LATs as Fire Teams.
• 3x Green + Any = Green 3) Reposition friendly units to any friendly secured card. You
may place them underneath any already available cover.
10.7 Skills 4) Remove any enemy Paralyzed and Litter Teams. Remove all
casualties, too.
Skills may be purchased with experience points between mis-
5) Remove any friendly units taken prisoner by the enemy.
sions, or may be provided via a Higher HQ Event, or provided
6) Leave any found Cover markers or mines on the map.
at the beginning of a mission in the mission instructions and are
tracked with a Skill Marker. When acquired, Skill Markers are 7) Leave any enemy unit that is under a Cover marker in that
immediately allocated to PLT HQ or CO Staff on the holding cover, but place any enemy unit not under cover under the
display. No one HQ or Staff may have more than three Skill best cover available on its card.
Markers at any one time. Skills are expendable, single use items 8) Flip any burning wrecks to wrecks.
that may be used during an Action attempt to make the Action 9) Remove Pinned, PDF, and VOF markers.
automatically successful, or provide an additional draw, or be 10) Start a new Mission Log.
used for a general initiative COMMAND. For Skills that cause 11) Remove saved Command Points. Reset all assets, too.
an attempt to be successful, the cards still need to be drawn to 12) Use the same number of turns, fire-support missions, and
determine if a critical hit or jam takes place. If a Skill is held by ammunition points for the new mission as for the original
a PLT HQ is can be used for the benefit of any unit in or attached mission.
to that platoon. If a Skill is held by a CO Staff unit, it can only
be used for the benefit of that unit. Skills are limited by what 11.2 Winning a Campaign
is available in the counter mix. Skills not used by the end of a You may choose between three methods of determining success-
mission are lost. ful completion of a Campaign:
1) Standard: The traditional method is to successfully complete
each mission in the campaign within the number of attempts
given in the Mission Instructions, except for Combat Patrols.
If you fail to complete a mission (excluding a Combat Patrol)
the Battalion Commander relieves you of your command.
2) Survivor: Another method is the “survivor” method. Fields
of Fire has a role-playing aspect to it, with you the player
in the role of a Company Commander. In survivor mode,
the goal is to complete the campaign with the CO HQ not
becoming a casualty. In survivor mode, you must attempt to
successfully complete each mission, but if you fail after any
re-attempts the campaign does not end, you continue to the
next mission. If you fail a mission you may not use experience
points to promote the CO HQ to Line or Veteran.
3) Hardcore: The final path to victory is “hardcore” mode, in
which you must successfully complete each mission and not
have the CO HQ become a casualty.
11.3 Between Missions

Perform these activities, in the listed order, between missions:
12.0 Urban Warfare
The challenges of close urban terrain for combat are many, neces-
1) Remove any friendly units taken prisoner by the enemy. sitating unique Terrain cards and rules to account for them. You
2) Remove any unused Skills from the Command Display. will notice that the Urban Terrain cards have areas within the
3) Start a new Mission Log. card. In open terrain these areas within a card are represented with
3) Reconstitute squads from LATs if enough remain, and Cover markers, but in urban terrain the cover is more obvious
automatic rally. Leave remaining LATs as Fire Teams. and the relative ranges are much shorter. So no Cover markers
4) Spend Experience Points on promotions and Skills are used in Urban Terrain cards.
5) Add replacements, steps that left play as guards for prisoners,
and returning casualties to the Company and adjust
Experience Levels accordingly on the Mission Log or the
Asset Holding Card
6) Remove saved Command Points and reset the Command
Display
7) Reset all Assets as per the new mission on the Asset Holding
Card or with units
11.4 Combat Patrols

Patrolling is a constant activity for Infantry units in combat. Most
patrols take place at the squad level, and thus are below the level
for inclusion in the campaign. The Combat Patrol missions are
built around a platoon. You may attach weapons teams, FOs, and
have Company Staff units join a Combat Patrol. A patrol of this
size is typically meant to deceive the enemy, deny their recon-
naissance, and possibly spoil their attack plans. The map often
includes the company positions, foxholes, trenches, bunkers, or a
Combat Outpost (COP) tactical control. For more information on
12.1 Urban Terrain Cards
Combat Outposts and Route Points see 2.4.1.B and C. All these The sub-sections of Urban Terrain cards have their own de-
positions may be occupied by the rest of the company that may scription and Cover & Concealment modifier (CCM). Each
be able to support the patrol by fire. The other units from the sub-section functions as a pre-existing Cover marker. Unlike
company may not move, but can participate by fire if they are standard Cover markers, however, units from both sides may
placed on the map. If a COP or other friendly field fortification occupy a given section. The Line of Sight (LOS) also depends
is in play, non-patrol units may be changed out between patrols. on the placement of the units on the card. Each Urban card has a
Non-patrol HQs still draw for commands to support the Patrol Building or Buildings area and “In The Street” areas. Each card is
as long as they do not move. There is no need to Clear or Secure a basic city block with the spaces between each card representing
the objective or route points, unless specifically required by the the streets and alleys. A street is divided between two Adjacent
mission instructions. Therefore, it is not necessary for every unit cards with each having the physical half closest to its Building.
from the patrol to stay on the path of the route points. Only one The Building or Buildings occupy the central physical space
unit needs to “touch” each point as they go (though more than so that units not in the Buildings must be placed along one of
one may do so). If Combat Patrols are performed on the same the four sides to indicate which street they occupy. Units must
map, place new PC Markers between each patrol as these mis- use a Move Action to move between the areas of a given card,
sions are assumed to take place over days and weeks, also apply to include the four street areas. The opposite street area would
11.1. No PC Markers are placed on the COP if one is in play. require transiting the Building or staying in the street and going
around the Building.
Building types:
Large Interior Building: Building like a church, library, or post
office with a large interior space. At Hue, several key objective
Buildings were government offices of this type.
Complex Building: Building with many interior rooms like resi-
dential and small office spaces. The complexity of the structure
is abstracted into two interior areas making clearing the Building
more difficult.

Compounds: Building with wall and an interior courtyard or 12.3 Multi-Story Buildings & Rooftops
garden. This style of Building was very common in Hue, and
is also found in many areas of the world. The wall restricts first All upper stories are abstracted into a single upper story indi-
floor access and visibility. Some compounds have extensive cated by placing the units on an Upper Story marker. To move to
gardens with bushes and trees that provide additional cover and the upper story the unit must first enter the Building at the first
concealment within the wall. floor and then move to the upper story. In complex Buildings
units may move from the upper story of one area to the other,
Large Compound: This is a large walled-in space that can be but may only go up or down within one area, so you cannot go
attached to an Adjacent Building. up in one then down into the other. You must go up, then to the
Detached light Buildings: Small wood and corrugated tin sheds adjacent upper story, then down. Rooftops provide an additional
or shacks, etc. LOS benefit, as they are considered higher than the Upper Story
marker. Rooftops must be accessed from the upper story via an
Urban Terrain cards can be used alongside regular Terrain cards additional Move Action. Rooftop markers are provided for future
that function normally. expansions. Upper Stories are vulnerable to Mortar, RCL, and
Tank fire. Any H VOF or Incoming! VOF has an additional –1
12.2 Movement & Combat in the Building Area to the NCM for units in upper stories. Rooftops provide less
of an Urban Terrain Card protection than Buildings and the cover modifier is not cumula-
tive with the cover modifier of the Building.
All Urban Terrain cards—except for Compounds—have Inside
Building and In The Street areas. When attempting to enter an Ur- Design Note: Many architectural styles have flat roofs, and
ban Terrain card from a different card—except for Compounds— when a “lip” surrounds the roof it is militarily useful. In Hue,
units must always move to the In The Street area first. Once In however, the architectural style made the rooftops unusable.
the Street, the now-Exposed unit can enter the Building with a
Move into Cover Command (this represents the traffic problem
12.4 Compounds
of getting in and out of Buildings through a limited number of
doors or windows). Units from both sides may occupy a single Walled Compounds present a challenge to both attackers and
Building area. If units from both sides occupy the same Building defenders. To enter a Compound, a unit must move from the
area, they exert their VOF into that Building area only. If units In The Street to the courtyard either by a Breach (12.6) or by
from one side occupy a Building area, and units from the other entering when not Exposed, and becoming Exposed (i.e., waiting
side are anywhere else on the same card, the unit exerts its VOF a turn to enter the courtyard). Units within the Compound are
onto the card (Point Blank) like normal. impervious to all external VOFs except indirect fire (Incoming!
VOF or Air Strikes). There is no LOS into or out of the court-
A unit may enter a non-barricaded Building area if:
yard. units in the courtyard, unless a Compound has a Building
• It is friendly Occupied or area or an attached Building (12.7). In such a case, units in the
• It is unoccupied (no PC markers or Enemy units with a printed courtyard and Building have LOS to one another and combat
VOF rating) or may occur (12.2). Units in the upper story of the Building may
• It is enemy occupied and fire into other cards normally as well as the Compound. Units
○○ the enemy units are under a Grenade Attack or firing into a Compound from the upper story of the Building or
○○ the enemy units are Pinned or attached Building (12.7) may automatically play a Concentrate
○○ the card has a Smoke, WP Smoke, or CS Gas marker on it. Fire (your choice if you want to conserve MG Ammo, the enemy
For Complex Buildings a unit may move from one Building area will always concentrate fire) on the Compound in the VOF Phase.
on the card directly to the other Building area on the card without When Foxholes (Spider Holes) are played in courtyards, units
having to go into the In The Street area. This move is subject to in them cannot fire outside of the courtyard. When placed on
the above restrictions. a Compound, a bunker is allowed to fire into other cards from
under the Compound along the indicated bunker PDF.
For detached Buildings, each Building area is a separate Build-
ing. Thus entering and exiting require transiting one of the four Design Note: In some instances the NVA dug fighting holes
street areas. under the walls of Compounds that allowed them to fire out.
These were essentially bunkers with a limited firing arc and
Vehicles may only move into or through the street area. They
the wall providing protection. They proved to be difficult to
may not move into the Buildings.
find and hazardous to neutralize.

12.5 Barricades 12.7 Attached Buildings

Buildings may be barricaded to prevent entry from the street. Especially large or complex Buildings can span two or more cards
Barricades may be placed as part of an enemy force package or by by placing an Attached marker between two cards, this allows
mission instructions. A Barricade can be removed by Breaching for T intersections. There is no street area on the sides that are
(12.6). A barricaded building can only be entered if it is breached. attached. Units may move between cards that are attached without
being marked as Exposed and without exiting the Building and
12.6 Breaching entering the In the Street area. Occupants of attached Building
cards have LOS down both sides of the street perpendicular to
Breaches are used to facilitate entry into a compound, to allow the attached sides.
entry into a barricaded Building, and to allow entry into a Build-
ing without going through the In The Street area (creating a large
entrance for troops to enter the Building quickly). 12.8 Area Stacking Limits
A Breach may be created by the following Weapons: Areas have the same stacking limitations as standard Cover
markers per side. The player should note that Grenade Attacks
Breaching Table and Concentrated Fire hits all occupants of a given area AND
Weapon Method of Breaching side. For example, if a US squad and two enemy squads occupy
Demolitions Demolitions must be placed by a unit by car- the same area, a successful Grenade Attack by the US unit would
(DEMO) rying the demo to the In The Street area of a affect both enemy squads. It is very risky to put too many troops
Compound or Barricaded Building. If under a into one area. Cross Fires and Grenade Misses still apply to all
VOF the demo is placed and detonated with a occupants of a card.
successful Grenade Attack attempt. If not under
a VOF the COMMAND is still expended for the 12.9 In-Card Movement
Grenade Attack attempt, but it is automatically Exposed units may continue to move within an Urban Terrain
successful. If the Grenade Attack attempt is card as long as they have Commands available to expend. For
successful, place a Breach marker. Any enemy example, a HQ could order a squad to move within the card two
units in the courtyard or barricaded Building or three times (or more). Also keep in mind that each area func-
being breached suffer a successful grenade tions like a Cover marker for Visual-Verbal communications. In
attack VOF in the Combat Phase. If not suc- practice, due to the highly segmented battlefield, your HQs will
cessful, place a Grenade Miss have to do lots of running around to position units. They should
M20 3.5 3.5-inch rocket launcher attempts a Grenade have more Commands than normal, however, since they do not
inch rocket Attack and if two grenades are drawn, then a have to expend any to seek cover.
launcher Breach marker is placed. Otherwise a normal
Grenade Attack occurs
106mm A successful Concentrate Fire attempt will
Recoilless place a Breach marker. Otherwise, a normal
Rifle (RCL) VOF remains in place on the targeted card.
M48 Tank A successful Concentrate Fire attempt will
(90mm place a Breach marker. Otherwise, a normal
cannon) VOF remains in place on the targeted card

12.10 Urban Line of Sight (LOS) 12.11 Hand Grenades & Pyrotechnics
LOS is heavily influenced by architectural style. This influences in Urban Terrain
whether or not the rooftops are available for use, how high the The shorter physical ranges and the division of streets between
upper stories go, the variety of Building types, and the pres- Urban Terrain cards make the use of Hand Grenades and hand
ence of compounds. Due to this localization factor, Urban LOS thrown Pyrotechnics a little different than the standard rule. This
is Campaign-specific. Each Campaign will articulate the LOS rule does not apply to rocket, mortar, recoilless rifles, or rifle
details for its particular setting. grenade based Grenade Attack attempts. A hand thrown Grenade
In Hue City, French Colonial architecture made the rooftops not Attack attempt, deployment of smoke, WP, or CS Gas grenade
militarily useful, the Multi-Story Buildings are only two and three against an “In the Street” area can be directed at either side of
stories. There were many compound walls, and the streets had the street. For example, a unit wanting to cross the street may
trees, bushes, and low walls that provided some basic cover. A deploy a smoke grenade to the other side of the street, and then
Multi-Story Building can have a LOS over a single story Building move. The effects of Smoke, WP and CS Gas only affect the
into Buildings on the other side, but not into the street between the area in which they are deployed on an Urban Terrain card. Units
Adjacent Building and the Building on the other side. The LOS on the main (ground) level of Urban Terrain card may attempt
between opposite street areas is blocked by the Buildings in the against any other area at the same level. For Upper Stories and
center of the card. LOS also blocks VOF for direct fire Weapons Rooftops, grenade attacks and Pyrotechnics may be deployed
(everything except Fire Missions, air strikes, and mortars). For up or down in the same area. Upper Stories and Rooftops may
Complex Buildings and Detached Buildings, a VOF affects all make Grenade Attacks and deploy Pyrotechnics to Upper Stories
Building areas. They function like multiple Cover markers. or Rooftops on the same level in a complex Building. Upper
Stories and Rooftops can also make
Urban Card LOS & Move Examples hand thrown Grenade Attacks or
deploy Pyrotechnics to the street
areas, or compound areas. Units
in the streets or compound areas
cannot make hand thrown Grenade
Attacks against Upper Stories or
Rooftops of a Multi-Story Build-
ing. The rooftops of single story
Building areas may be the target
of hand thrown Grenade Attacks
or Pyrotechnics.

Thrower
In the Street
Target
In the Street
Allowable
Yes
13.0 Streamlining Play for
In the Street Adjacent In the Street Yes Beginners
In the Street Ground Floor Yes Although the basics of this game are simple, there are several
In the Street Single Story Rooftop Yes layers of detail that can be daunting to players who are unfa-
miliar with military concepts and jargon. It may be worthwhile
In the Street Upper Story No
for beginners to consider the streamlined suggestions below to
In the Street Upper Story Rooftop No make the game flow a bit easier until they become comfortable
In the Street Compound Yes with the base mechanics. Once it becomes familiar, then they
Ground Floor In the Street Yes can layer on the detail at their convenience. For beginners and
experienced players alike, the following may also be used to
Ground Floor Adjacent In the Street No
lighten the load for shorter playing times, and they may come in
Ground Floor Ground Floor Yes handy when playing the game just as a standalone mission. The
Ground Floor Single Story Rooftop Yes following may have some impact on play balance—generally
Ground Floor Upper Story Yes they should help the player.
Ground Floor Upper Story Rooftop No
13.1 Experience
Ground Floor Compound Yes
Single Story Rooftop In the Street Yes The experience system can be time consuming, especially be-
tween missions. It also necessitates checking the log when at-
Single Story Rooftop Adjacent In the Street Yes tempting Actions on the map, which can slow play. Statistically
Single Story Rooftop Ground Floor Yes speaking, the Line Experience Level is most common. Thus to
Single Story Rooftop Single Story Rooftop Yes streamline play, just set aside all experience references and treat
Single Story Rooftop Upper Story No all units as Line experience.
Single Story Rooftop Upper Story Rooftop No
13.2 Ammunition
Single Story Rooftop Compound Yes
Tracking ammunition for Heavy Weapons can be fiddly whether
Upper Story In the Street Yes
using on-map markers or making tick marks on the log. To speed
Upper Story Adjacent In the Street No play and reduce cross referencing and logbook notations, set
Upper Story Ground Floor Yes aside all tracking of ammunition. You can choose to not track
Upper Story Single Story Rooftop No any ammunition, or just particular types. Machine-gun ammuni-
tion is the most time consuming, so setting it aside would be the
Upper Story Upper Story Yes
biggest time saver. Note that RPG/B40 and Panzerfaust rocket
Upper Story Upper Story Rooftop Yes launchers have specific on map counters because their supply is
Upper Story Compound Yes very limited, so it may change play balance dramatically to not
Upper Story Rooftop In the Street Yes track these types of ammunition.
Upper Story Rooftop Adjacent In the Street Yes
Upper Story Rooftop Ground Floor No
13.3 Communications
Upper Story Rooftop Single Story Rooftop No Maintaining communications networks is very time and activity
intensive. Communication can be abstracted by assuming that
Upper Story Rooftop Upper Story Yes
units use whatever means (visual, radio, field phone, runner, or
Upper Story Rooftop Upper Story Rooftop Yes Pyrotechnic) is necessary, so that all communications rules are set
Upper Story Rooftop Compound Yes aside—no radios, field phones, runners, or Pyrotechnics. When
Compound In the Street Yes setting aside all communications rules, Staff and HQs are always
in communication. For some realism though, Pinned Staff and
Compound Adjacent In the Street No
HQs are still unable to communicate; they can only command
Compound Ground Floor Yes themselves and are restricted by the Pinned rules. This allows a
Compound Single Story Rooftop Yes player to focus on what to do on the map with his units without
Compound Upper Story No being concerned with how to tell them. It is also best if using
this to also use the 13.1 Experience streamline since the Veteran
Compound Upper Story Rooftop No
advantage coupled with abstracted communication would make
Compound Compound Yes the player side too powerful. It is also best when using this to set
aside all +1 Command draw modifiers.

Field of Fire Credits

Game Design: Ben Hull
Game Development: Richard Gray
Booklets, Charts, Card & Counter Art: Donal Hegarty,
Charles Kibler, and Mark Simonitch
Box Art: Rodger MacGowan
Producers: Tony Curtis, Gene Billingsley, Andy Lewis,
Mark Simonitch, Rodger MacGowan
Extra Special Thanks to: Ron Lacock, Miguel Anton,
and Antonio Benitez-Denoso for being committed to this
project from start to finish.
Playtesters and Proofers: David Gee, Pelle Nilsson, Karl
Deckard, John Holme, Jerry Tresman, Alvaro Crusher,
Michael Stephan, Gregg Whisler, Steven Caler, Stan Buck,
Lucas Wan, Michael Wawrow, Tony Costa, Rick McKown,
Mitchell Land, Ellis Simpson, Sam Sheikh, Stephen Fliss,
Peter Weyhrauch, Todd Banister, Bruno Pigeon, Markus
Broecker, Jesse Escobedo, Ken Latall, Craig Ambler, Cavan
Cunningham, David Fox, Mike Welker

Turn Sequence Summary

3.1 Friendly Higher HQ Event Phase (Starting on Turn 2) 3.4 Offensive Missions/Combat Patrols: Enemy Activity Phase
• Draw an Action card; if the HQ icon is present, determine an event 3.4.1 Enemy Higher HQ Event Segment (Starting on Turn 2)
on the Friendly Higher HQ Events Table. • Draw an Action card; if the HQ icon is present, determine an
3.2 Defensive Missions: Enemy Activity Phase event on the Enemy Higher HQ Events Table. If the Event is a
3.2.1 Enemy Higher HQ Event Segment (Starting on Turn 2) Counterattack change the posture for the Enemy for the following
• Draw an Action card; if the HQ icon is present, determine an event 3 turns to Assault.
on the Enemy Higher HQ Events Table. 3.4.2 Enemy Activity Check Segment
3.2.2 Enemy Activity Check Segment • Check every enemy unit on the map for activity.
• Place PC markers as indicated by the Mission Instructions. • Determine card order randomly.
• Check every enemy unit on the map for activity. • On each card, check units based on their status on the Activity
• Determine card order randomly. Check Hierarchy tables.
• On each card, check units based on their status on the Activity 3.5 Mutual Capture & Retreat Phase
Check Hierarchy tables. • Capture any Paralyzed or Litter Team alone on a card with Infantry
3.3 Friendly Command Phase units with a VOF Rating from other side.
During the segments of this phase: • If side does not take prisoners, Convert captured Steps to casual-
ties; otherwise, designate guards and remove guard and prisoner
• For a unit or HQ to receive a command, it must be in the Chain
steps from play.
of Command of the HQ or leader issuing the command and in
communication with it. • Retreat any non-Pinned/non-captured Paralyzed Team under VOF
marker one card to better cover and mark Exposed.
• Place an Activation marker on any Vehicles activated.
• Retreat any non-Pinned/non-captured Litter Team plus a Casualty
3.3.1 Activation Segment under VOF marker one card to better cover and mark Exposed.
3.3.1a BN HQ Impulse
3.6 Mutual Vehicle-Aircraft Phase
• If the BN HQ is not on map, activate the CO HQ.
• Move and fire activated Vehicles; if both sides have activated Ve-
• If the BN HQ is on map, give it the maximum number of Com- hicles, alternate sides, starting (for Offensive Mission or Combat
mands and expend them on units (4.2). BN HQ do not save Patrols) with the US or (for Defensive Mission) with the enemy.
COMMANDs.
• Conduct Vehicle combat.
3.3.1b CO HQ Impulse • Flip each unit’s Activated marker as it finishes.
• If activated by the BN HQ, draw an Action card and give it the
modified number of Activated Commands listed. 3.7 Mutual Combat Phase
• Save those Commands or expend them (and any saved COM- 3.7.1 VOF Segment
MANDs) on units up to the maximum per day and per Experience 3.7.1a Update Fire Missions
Level. • Remove existing Incoming! and Air Strike VOF markers.
3.3.1c PLT HQ/CO Staff Impulse • Flip Pending markers to their active sides.
• If activated by the CO HQ, draw an Action card and give it the • Adjust the Current Activity marker as needed.
modified number of Activated Commands listed. 3.7.1b Evaluate Potential Contact Markers
• Save those Commands or expend them (and any saved COM- • For each card with a PC marker and a friendly unit, draw a number
MANDs) on units up to the maximum per day and per Experience of Action cards based on the PC marker and the Current Activity
Level. Level on the PC Draws Chart.
3.3.2 Initiative Segment • If a card contains Contact!, Contact is made; immediately
3.3.2a CO HQ Impulse change the Current Activity marker.
• If not activated above, draw an Action card and give it the modi- • If enemy Contact is made, determine enemy package to use
fied number of Initiative Commands listed. and placement per 9.2.
• Save those Commands or expend them (and any saved COM- • Place any applicable VOF and PDF markers.
MANDs) on units up to the maximum per day and per Experience • Update the Mission Log.
Level. 3.7.2 Combat Effects Segment
3.3.2b PLT HQ Impulse • For any Pinned Vehicle or Infantry units on a card without a VOF
• If not activated above, draw an Action card and give it the modi- marker, remove the Pinned markers.
fied number of Initiative Commands listed. • For each Infantry unit on a card with a VOF marker:
• Save those Commands or expend them (and any saved COM- • Resolve any Flame Attacks.
MANDs) on units up to the maximum per day and per Experience • Determine the NCM.
Level. • Draw an Action card to determine if the fire is effective.
3.3.2c CO Staff Impulse • If the unit is hit, draw another Action card to determine the hit’s
• If not activated above, give it one COMMAND. effect based on the unit’s experience.
• Save that COMMAND or expend it (and any saved COMMANDs) • Adjust VOF and PDF markers as needed.
on units up to the maximum per day and per Experience Level. 3.8 Clean Up Phase
3.3.2d General Initiative Impulse • Remove Pyrotechnic, Illumination, Exposed, Moved/Fired, Con-
• Draw an Action card and expend on any units a number of Com- centrated Fire, Grenade, and Grenade Miss markers.
mands equal to the unmodified Initiative Commands. If it’s a • Evacuate casualties from Casualty Collection Points.
Combat Patrol, halve the number first. General Initiative Com- • If a Defensive Mission, remove any unresolved PC markers.
mands cannot be saved.
GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com

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Volume II:

“With the Old Breed”

GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com

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A. Cover & Concealment

C. Line of Sight Border

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

C. Tactical Control C. Command Display

E. Ammo D. Helicopter Control Card

H. Weather/Visibility 1.2.6 Glossary

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

Volume Unit Campaign Era Enemy

Volume of Fire Abbreviations 2.2 Set Up the Map

Offensive & Patrol Mission Abbreviations

Defensive Mission Abbreviations 2.2.1 Lay Out the Terrain Cards

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

3.2.1 Enemy Higher HQ Event Segment B. Company HQ (CO HQ) Impulse

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All units are attached to a particular HQ at the beginning of a

Example: B. CO HQ Impulse. Draw an Action card (refer to 4.2 Actions

Example: (The Sniper is spotted. 2nd PLT HQ and

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4.2.1 Command & Control Actions

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4.2.2 Movement Actions

Notes: * Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

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4.2.3 Rally Actions

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4.2.4 Combat Actions

Notes: * Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

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4.2.4 Combat Actions (continued)

Note: * = Applies to LAT in certain cases (4.2.5).

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Litter Team (Experience Level: Green) 4.3 Communication

Phone and Radio Examples

Phone Network on Map 1: SCR-536 Network:

Because it is on a hill, the Radio in row 1, col 3 has LOS to

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

Offensive Mission Pyrotechnic Signal Options B. Colored Smoke (Non-aerial)

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

Grenade Miss NCM modifier: –1 Mines NCM value –4

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© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

© 2019 GMT Games, LLC

Hit Effect is based on experience of the unit,

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6.8.1 Ammo Types B. Mortar Ammo (MTR Ammo)

Helicopter Movement Cycle

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E. Flamethrower (F!) 6.8.3 Resupply

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