Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No.

 1
Chapter 2 Computer Components
(Subjective)
SQ. EDP:- The process of performing arithmetic and logical operations with the help of computer is called Electronic Data
Processing.
SQ. Input Devices: The devices which are used to enter data and instructions into the computer are called input devices. For
example keyboard, mouse, scanner.
SQ. Output Devices: The devices which are used to get output from computer are called Output Devices.
For example monitor, printer and speakers.
SQ. Peripheral Devices:- Input and output devices are also called peripheral devices. Examples of peripheral devices are monitor,
printer, mouse, keyboard etc.
SQ. Main Memory vs Secondary Memory
Main Memory Secondary Memory
It is more expensive. It is less expensive.
Its capacity is small. Its capacity is large.
It is faster. It is slower.
It is volatile. It is non-volatile.
RAM is an example of main Hard disk is an example of
memory. Secondary Memory.
LQ. Define Hardware. Write note on different Types of Hardware Units?
Hardware: The physical part of computer system that can be touched and feel are called hardware. Keyboard, mouse, monitor are
examples of hardware.
Types of Hardware Units:
1. Input Unit: It consists of input devices like mouse, keyboard, scanner etc.
2. Output Unit: It consists of output devices like monitor, printer, speaker etc.
3. System Unit: It consists of different components like motherboard, hard disk, RAM, Processor, CD-drive etc. These components
are enclosed in Rectangular Casing.
Types of casing:- There are two types of casings:
1. Tower Casing: Vertical shape casing is called tower casing.
2. Desktop Casing: Horizontal shape casing is called desktop casing.
Motherboard:- It is made up of silicon. All components of computer are fitted on motherboard.
LQ. Define Software. Write note on its types.
Software:- A set of instructions given to computer to solve a problem is called software. It cannot be touched. For example
Windows, MS-Office.
Types of software:- There are two types of software:
1. Application Software: It helps computer user to perform specific tasks. For example Inpage, MS-Word.
2. System Software: It is used to control and manage operations of hardware. For example Windows, Device Drivers, Language
translators.
SQs.
1. Define Hardware. Give examples.
2. Define Software. Give examples.
3. Difference between Hardware and Software
4. What is casing.
5. What are types of casings?
6. What is motherboard?
LQ. What is port? Write note on its types.
Port: It is a connecting socket. It is used to connect different input and output devices to the system unit.
Types of Ports:-
1. Serial Port: It transfer one bit at a time. It is also called COM ports. Number of pins in older serial ports was 25. The number
of pins in new serial ports is just 9.Serial port is slower than Parallel Port. It is on the rear side of the system unit.
2. Parallel Port: It is also called LPT (Line Printer Ports). It can transfer many bits at a time. It is faster than Serial Port. It is
largest port in size. It is on the rear side of the system unit.
3. USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port: It is a plug-and-play port. Its can transfer 12 Mbits /sec. It allows 127 devices to be
connected with computer. USB port is very popular port. It is on the front and rear side of the system unit.
SQ.
1. What is port?
2. Why USB Port is so popular?
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 2
LQ. What is CPU? Write down its parts.
CPU and its Importance:-CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It is brain of computer. It is also called processor. It also controls all
other components of computer.
Parts of CPU:-
1. ALU: ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit. It performs all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic Unit performs arithmetic
operations like Addition, Subtraction, Division and Multiplication. Logic Unit performs logical operations like comparing two
values whether these are equal, less or greater than the other.
2. Control Unit: It generates signals to control other parts of the computer. It also provides clock pulses. Clock pulses are used to
regulate all the operations in computer.
3. Registers: The storage area inside CPU is called Registers. Registers are managed by Control Unit.
SQ.
1. What is CPU?
2. What is importance of CPU?
3. What are parts of CPU?
4. What is function of Control Unit?
5. What is ALU?
6. What are registers?
SQ. Bus:-It is a communication channel to connect different computer devices. It is composed of communication wires or lines.
LQ. What is System Bus? Write note on its types.
System Bus:- A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components (CPU, Memory, Input and Output) of a
computer system.
Types of System Buses types
(1) Data Bus: It carries data from one component to other. A data bus with 16 lines can carry 16 bits of data.
(2) Address Bus: It carries address information. An address bus with 8 lines can address 28=256 memory locations. Similarly an
address bus with 32 bit can address 232= 4GB of memory.
(3) Control Bus: It is used by control unit. Control Unit sends control signals (commands) to other units using this bus. Control Unit
also controls functioning of other units.

Computer:-It is an electronic device that solves our problems. It takes data, process on it and gives us information.
Abacus: - It was developed 5000 years ago. It was a wooden rack with beads. Simple arithmetic calculations were performed by
moving these beads.
Stored Program Theory:-Von Neumann gave the idea of stored program in 1945. Von Neumann theory states “data
and program can be stored in binary form in the same memory.”.
Comparison of Transistors and Vacuum Tubes:-
 Transistor is 200 times smaller.
 Transistor is less expensive.
 Transistor is 40 times faster.
 Transistor does not burn out due to heat.
IC (Integrated Circuit):-
 IC stands for Integrated Circuit.
 First IC was invented in 1961
 It is about ¼ square inch.
 A chip can contain thousands of transistors.
Bar Code/UPC:- It is also called UPC (Universal Product Code). It consists of vertical lines. The price of item is stored in bar code.
Bar Code Reader:-Bar code reader is a device that can read bar codes. It prepares bill very quickly.
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 3
Computer Simulation:-
It is designed to show the real life situation of a system on the computer.
Uses of Computer Simulations:-
1. It is used to understand working of various systems.
2. Simulation is used in training of pilots.
Virtual Class Room:- In virtual class room, teacher delivers lecture at his own workplace. Student can attend the lecture at home
using internet. Student can ask the questions to the teacher through email.
Advancement in computers during 1950-1960:-
1. Different computer devices (CRT, Card Reader, Printers)
were manufactured.
2. Computers were used for research and defense.
Q. Application of Computer in Education:-
1. A large number of tutorials are available on every subject.
2. Different online examinations like GRE and GMAT are conducted all over the world.
3. Computer is being used in distance learning.
Q. Application of Computer in Banking:-
1. People can draw money from ATM at any time.
2. People can see their account status at home.
3. People can pay their utility bails
Q. Application of Computer in Retailing Applications:-
1. Computer prepares bills in less time.
2. It allows us shopping without carrying cash.
Q. Application of Computer in Entertainment:
1. User can watch TV shows on internet.
2. We can play games on computer.
3. We can watch movies and listen music on computer.

LQ1. Computer Generations

1. First Generation:-
Technology: Computers of first generation used vacuum tubes.
Characteristics:-Computers of first generation were very large. Special rooms with air conditioning were needed.
Examples:-ENIAC and UNIVAC-I are examples of First Generation Computers.
2. Second Generation:-
Technology:-Second Generation computers used transistors.
Characteristics:-As compared to first generation computers, second generation computers were smaller and faster.
Examples:- IBM 1400 series are examples of Second Generation Computers.
3. Third Generation:-
Technology:-Third Generation Computers used IC(Integrated Circuit).
Characteristics As compared to second generation computers, third generation computers were smaller, faster and
reliable. These computers were low in price. Examples:- IBM System 360, IBM 370 are examples of Third Generation
Computers.
4. Fourth Generation:-
Technology: -Fourth generation of computer used microprocessors. The first Microprocessor was introduced in 1971 by
Ted Hoff for Intel. It was named “Intel 4004”. Size of microprocessor is less than square inch. A microprocessor
constrains millions of electronic circuits.
Characteristics:- As compared to third generation computers, Fourth generation computers were smaller, faster.
These computers were low in price.
Examples:-Apple Macintosh and IBM PC are examples of Fourth Generation Computers.
5. Fifth Generation:-
Technology: -Fifth generation computers based on Artificial Intelligence and Parallel processing. These computers are
still in development stage.
Characteristics: -Goal of fifth generation computer is to develop devices that can respond to natural language
input, capable of learning.
LQ2. Classification of Computers:-
Classification of Computers:-Computers are classified according to their data processing speed, data storing capacity
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 4
and price.
1. Super Computers: Supercomputer is the most powerful computer. It is very large in size. It can perform more than
one trillion calculations per second. It consists of thousands of microprocessor. Supercomputer is used to forecast
global weather pattern and nuclear research. Cost of supercomputer can be several million dollars. Example of
supercomputer is Cray T90.
2. Mainframe Computers: It is designed to perform respond multiple users at the same time. It can store huge
amount of data. It is used by large organizations like banks and airlines. Example of Mainframe computer is IBM S/390.
3. Minicomputers: As compared to mainframe, minicomputers are smaller in size and less powerful and low in
price. It can be used as server computer in a networked environment. Example of minicomputer is HP3000.
4. Micro Computers: It is also referred as PC (personal computer). It is designed for individual users. Its processing
power is less than minicomputer. First micro computer IBM-PC was introduced in 1981. Microcomputers are
becoming popular because of its low price. These computers are being used almost every field of life. Microcomputers
are available in different models like desktop computer, laptop computer, pocket or palmtop computer.
LQ3. Types of Computers:-
1. Analog Computers
1. It accepts data in continuous form.
2. It provides less accurate output.
3. It has low internal memory.
4. It is used for special purpose.
5. It is used in specific fields of life such as scientific,
industrial and medicine.
6. It is more costly.
7. It is slow in data processing speed.
8. It is not easy to use.
9. It has no state.
10. First Analog computer was manufactured in 1930s.
2. Digital Computer
1. It accepts data in digital form.
2. It provides more accurate output.
3. It has large internal memory.
4. It is used for general purpose.
5. It is used in all fields of life.
6. It is less costly.
7. It is fast in data processing speed.
8. It is easy to use.
9. It has two states: ON (1) and OFF (0).
10. The first Digital computer was built in early 1940s. It was called Mark-I.
3. Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer have combined features of analog and digital computers. These computers have both digital and analog
components. These computes can process both types of data analog and
digital data. These computers are used in robotics, medical labs, petrol pumps etc.
LQ4. Low Level Languages & its types
Low Level Languages:-
Low Level Languages are close to machine. It is difficult to understand. Machine language and Assembly language are examples of
high level languages.
1. Machine Language:- Instructions are written in binary form (0 and 1). It is directly understandable by computer.
2. Assembly Language:- It is a low level language. Mnemonics are English like words used in Assembly language for writing
program.
LQ5. High Level Languages & its types
High level languages:
High Level Languages are close to human language. It is easy to understand. Examples of High level languages are:
1. FORTRAN:- FORTRAN stands for Formula Translation Language. It was designed for scienctic applications. It was delvelpoed in
1957.
2. BASIC:- It is very simple language. It was designed for students. Using BASIC students can learn programming concepts easily.
3. COBOL:- It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. It was designed for Business purposes.
4. LISP:- It stands for List Processing. It was designed for Artificial Intelligence purposes.
LQ6. Language Translator and its types:-
Language Translator:-
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 5
Language Translator :- Language translator is a program that translates a program of high level language into machine language.
Types of language translators:-
1) Compiler: Compiler converts a program into machine code as a whole. It creates object program. Compiler is
faster than interpreter.
2) Interpreter: Interpreter converts a program into machine code statement by statement. It does not create
object program. Interpreter is slower than compiler.
3) Assembler: It converts assembly language program into machine code.
Types of Micro Computers:-
1. Pocket Computer/Palmtp:- It can easily fit in the hands of the user. It contains small rechargeable batteries. Pocket
computer have special operating system. Some pocket computer support voice input.
2. Laptop Computer: It is a portable computer. A user can place it on lap. A laptop can perform same basic functions as
desktop computers. Laptop and desktop computers use the same operating system. The batteries of laptop are expensive
rechargeable. It uses LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen.
Desktop Computers: It is most common type of personal computers.
Types of desktop computer:
(i) Apple Macintosh: Apple Macintosh computers use Macintosh operating system. These computers are popular because of its
stylish look and bright colors.
(ii) Personal Computers: Most of PC use Windows. PCs are commonly used in offices and homes.

SR STATEMENT A B C D
Chapter No. 1 Introduction to Computers
A. Generations(Technology, Examples, Intel Processor)
How many generation of a computer can be
1 2 3 4 5
classified:
Integrated
2 First-generation computers used: Microprocessor Transistor Vacuum tube
circuits
3 Second-generation computers used: Integrated circuit Transistors Vacuum tube Microprocessors
Integrated
4 Third generation computers used: Vacuum tube Transistors Microprocessor
circuits
5 Fourth-generation computer used: Microprocessors Transistors Integrated circuit Vacuum tube
Artificial
6 Fifth-generation computer used: Transistors Integrated circuit Vacuum tube
Intelligence
In which generation Vacuum Tube was
7 First Second Third Fourth
introduced?
In which generation Transistor was
8 First Second Third Fourth
introduced?
In which generation Integrated Circuit was
9 First Second Third Fourth
introduced?
In which generation Microprocessor was
10 First Second Third Fourth
introduced?
Transistors had the following advantages Less heat
11 Smaller size Greater speed All
over vacuum tube: generation
Second
12 IBM-360 Series was introduced during: First generation Third generation Four generation
generation
Which of the following is an example of
13 IBM PC Apple Macintosh IBM 370 Both A and B
fourth generation computer?
B. Micro Computer(Desktop, PC, Laptop, Macintosh, Palmtop, Notebook)
A general-purpose, single-user computer is Personal
14 Supercomputer Terminal Minicomputer
referred to as a(n): computer
Personal
15 Today's most common form of computer is: Supercomputer computer/ Terminal Minicomputer
Microcomputer
16 The example of personal computer is: Supercomputer Laptop computer Terminal Minicomputer
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 6
Mainframe Laptop /PC
17 Which computer is best for use at home? Supercomputer Minicomputer
computer /Microcomputer
Mainframe
18 Desktop and personal computer also called: Supercomputer Microcomputer Minicomputer
computer
The most common operating system for PC
19 DOS Windows Unix Linux
is
All of the following are considered to be Desktop Mainframe
20 Laptop computer Pocket computer
personal computers (PCs) EXCEPT: computer computer
Which one the followings is a portable Mainframe Desktop
21 Laptop computer Supercomputer
computer? computer computer
Mainframe Desktop
22 Apple and PC are types of: Super computer Minicomputer
computer computer
Which company created the standard that is
23 Compaq Apple IBM MITS
following by most PC manufacturers?
24 Computer is an_____ device: Electronic Mechanical Optical Electrical
25 Computer is a combination of: Software Hardware Both A and B Procedure
Convert
Convert data into Create data from
26 A computer’s main function is to: information in to Display data
information information
storage
Use the DOS or
Which of the following is not about personal The PC was introduced windows operating They are analogue Computers are easy
27 machines to use.
computer? by IBM in 1981 system developed by
Microsoft

C. Microprocessor
28 When was first microprocessor provided in: 1871 1971 1957 1980
Which of the following scientist produced
29 Ted Hoff Von Neumann John Eckert Charles’s Babbage
first microprocessor in 1971 for Intel?
30 The first complete microprocessor was: Intel 4004 Univac I Athlon COMPVAC
Less than one
Which of the following is true about Developed by
31 Contains IC square inch in All
microprocessor? Ted Hoff
size
E. History of Computers
John Napier introduced to facilitate
32 Binary System Decimal System Logarithm Table Algorithm
calculation
Who created logarithm tables for arithmetic
33 John Napier Pascal Charles Babbage Von Neumann
calculation?
Charles Babbage conceived the first
34 Encoding Pattern Analog Analytical
computer Known as___________ Engine.
35 Transistors developed in Bell labs in: 1947 1951 1942 1960
36 Integrated Circuit was invented in: 1947 1960 1961 1957
Contains
1/4 Square inch
37 Which of the following is true about IC? Invented in 1961 thousands of All
in size
transistors
38 Howard Aiken developed: ABC ENIAC UNIVAC I MARK-1
During World War II, Mauchly and Eckert
39 ABC ENIAC UNIVAC I MARK-1
constructed
40 ENIAC used the technology Transistors Vacuum Tube IC Microprocessor
The computer that marked the beginning of
41 ENIVAC UNIVAC DECVAC COMPVAC
commercial computer age was called:
42 The first electronic digital computer was: ENIVAC UNIVAC Mark-I VLSI
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and
43 Vacuum tube Transistors IC Microprocessor
Computer (ENIAC) was composed of:
Storing programs and data in same memory Stored-program
44 CPU Fixed disk Data processing
is called: concept
The idea of storing a program and data in John von
45 Dr. Qadeer Dr.Abdul Salam Pascal
samememory was suggested by: Neumann
F. Classifications of computer(Super, mainframe, mini, micro)
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 7
How many groups of computers are according to
46 2 3 4 5
classification?
47 How many types of computers are: 2 3 4 5
All of the following are computer Mainframe
48 Minicomputer Laptop computer Maxi computer
classification EXCEPT: computer
Keyboard, mouse Keyboard and Mouse and System unit and
49 A terminal consist of:
and printer monitor monitor I/O devices
Which of the following computer is most Mainframe
50 Micro computer Minicomputer Super computer
powerful? computer
Mainframe Desktop
51 Cray T90 is an example of: Supercomputer Laptop
computer computer
Which of the following computer is an
52 IBM S/390 Cray T90 HP 3000 IBM-PC
example of supercomputer?
Which of the following computer is an
53 IBM S/390 Cray T90 HP 3000 IBM-PC
example of mainframe computer?
Mainframe
54 IBM S/390 is an example of Microcomputer Minicomputer Supercomputer
Computer
55 HP 3000 is an example of: Super computer Minicomputer Microcomputer Pocket computer
Mainframe
56 IBM-PC is an example of: Supercomputer Laptop computer Minicomputer
computer
smaller in size
Faster than micro expensive than
57 Minicomputer is : than micro both A & B
computer micro computer
computer
G. Types of computers(digital, analog, hybrid)
58 How many types of computers are: 2 3 4 5

59 Which of the following is type of computer? Digital Computer Analog Computer Hybrid Computer All

Which of the following device is an example Harmonic

60 Slide Rule Curvimeter All
of analog computer? Analyzer
Personal
61 Slide Rule is an example of: Hybrid computer Digital Computer Analog Computer
Computer
Which of the following computer has the
62 combined feature of digital and analog Digital computer Hybrid computer Analog computer Laptop computer
computers?
H. Applications Of computers
63 The banks provide the facility of: CAD CAM ATM CBT
A type of reader commonly used to read Optical-mark Magnetic-ink Both a and b c are
64 Barcode reader
UPC is called: reader character reader correct
Barcode Magnetic-ink
65 The items at store are marked with: Pin Code Machine code
Code/UPC character reader
A sequence of lines that is read by a
66 UPC OCR OMR MICR
barcode reader is called:
I. Programming Languages
Which of the following language is an object
67 C C++ COBOL BASIC
oriented language
Which of the following language is an
68 COBOL Assembly Java BASIC
object-oriented language?
69 C was developed in the year: 1970 1972 1976 1995
Charles’s
70 Who developed/invented C? Von-Neumann Al-Khuwarizmi Dennis Ritchie
Babbage
Which language was developed by Dennis
71 PASCAL FORTRAN C COBOL
Ritchie?
Network Internet
72 Java offers: GUI All
programming Application
The Unix Operating System was developed
73 PASCAL C Java LISP
using:
Which of the following language was
74 PASCAL C++ LISP COBOL
designed for artificial intelligence?
Chapter No. 2. Computer Components By: M. Faheem Chohan SST(IT) Abbasia HSS BWP Page No. 8
Which of the following language is ideal to Assembly
75 COBOL BASIC Machine language
write business application? language
A programming language for mathematical
76 BASIC FORTRAN Assembly COBOL
and engineering application language?
A type of language in which instructions are
Machine Assembly High level
77 written in binary form(biary codes/0s and English language
language language language
1s) is called:
Instructions are written in Machine
78 English words Binary codes Link Codes Mnemonics
Language as:
79 An assembly language uses: English words Mnemonic codes 0s and 1s Binary digit
80 Writing programs in machine language is: Complex Simple Time consuming Both a and c
Writing programs in high-level languages Less time More time
81 Less complex Both a and c
is______ than machine language. consuming consuming
The lowest level of programming language Machine
82 Java Pascal C++
is: Language
All of the following are high-level languages
EXCEPT?/Which of the following is not a
83 Assembly Pascal BASIC FORTRAN
high level language/Which one is a low level
language
84 FORTRAN was introduced in…. 1998 1964 1957 1960
85 VB 2.0 was released by Microsoft in…. 1972 1993 1957 1960
86 C was introduced in…. 1972 1971 1957 1960
87 Visual Basic is a product of: Microsoft IBM Sun System Hewlett
88 Java was introduced by: Microsoft IBM Sun System Hewlett
J. Language Translator

89 How many types of language translators are 2 5 4 3

Language
90 A program errors is checked by: Translator
Loader Debugger Accumulator
A program that translates assembly
91 Compiler Assembler Interpreter Mnemonics
language into machine language is called:
92 The output of the compiler is called: Library code Source code Liked code Machine code
Which program translates and executes one
93 Compiler Assembler Interpreter Linker
line of source code at a time?
The assembly
The source The source
language
94 Interpreter translates: program line by program as a None
program line by
line whole
line
_______ program translates source code to
95 Interpreter Compiler Assembly Linker
machine as a whole.
Compiler translates source code into
96 Error code Object code Mnemonics All
_____as a whole.
The assembly
The source The source
language
97 Compiler translates: program line by program as a None
program line by
line whole
line