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    Assignment 9

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    The document discusses Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer analysis for steady, incompressible, viscous flow over a flat plate. It presents the governing continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and assumptions made. These include 2D, steady flow with zero velocity at the wall and neglecting gravity. The equations are non-dimensionalized and solved subject to the boundary conditions. The resulting equations provide expressions for the boundary layer thickness δ and wall shear stress τw in terms of the Reynolds number Rex.

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    Assignment 9

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    165 views3 pages
    The document discusses Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer analysis for steady, incompressible, viscous flow over a flat plate. It presents the governing continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and assumptions made. These include 2D, steady flow with zero velocity at the wall and neglecting gravity. The equations are non-dimensionalized and solved subject to the boundary conditions. The resulting equations provide expressions for the boundary layer thickness δ and wall shear stress τw in terms of the Reynolds number Rex.

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    Assignment 9

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    The document discusses Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer analysis for steady, incompressible, viscous flow over a flat plate. It presents the governing continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and assumptions made. These include 2D, steady flow with zero velocity at the wall and neglecting gravity. The equations are non-dimensionalized and solved subject to the boundary conditions. The resulting equations provide expressions for the boundary layer thickness δ and wall shear stress τw in terms of the Reynolds number Rex.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    165 views3 pages

    Assignment 9

    Uploaded by

    H
    The document discusses Ludwig Prandtl's boundary layer analysis for steady, incompressible, viscous flow over a flat plate. It presents the governing continuity and Navier-Stokes equations and assumptions made. These include 2D, steady flow with zero velocity at the wall and neglecting gravity. The equations are non-dimensionalized and solved subject to the boundary conditions. The resulting equations provide expressions for the boundary layer thickness δ and wall shear stress τw in terms of the Reynolds number Rex.

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    Assignment 9

    Name:- ​Harsh Kakadiya (17110065)

    Ludwig Prandtl’s boundary layer analysis:

    We consider only steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow with the x-direction along the
    wall and y normal to the wall, We neglect gravity. The complete equations of motion consist of
    continuity and the x- & y-momentum relations:

    Governing equations:

    ● Continuity Equation

    ∂u ∂v ∂w
    ∂x + ∂y + ∂z =0

    ● Navier-Stokes Equations

    2
    ρ DV
    Dt = −∇P + ρg + μ∇ V )
    X- Direction
    ∂p ∂2 u ∂2 u ∂2 u
    ρ( ∂u
    ∂t + u ∂u
    ∂x + v ∂u
    ∂y + w ∂u
    ∂z ) = − ∂x + ρ g x + μ ( ∂x2 + ∂y 2 + ∂z 2 )
    Y-Direction
    ∂p ∂2 v ∂2 v ∂2 v
    ρ( ∂v
    ∂t + u ∂v
    ∂x + v ∂v
    ∂y + w ∂v
    ∂z ) = − ∂y + ρ g y + μ ( ∂x 2 + ∂y 2 + ∂z 2 )
    Z-Direction
    ∂p ∂2 w ∂2 w ∂2 w
    ρ( ∂w
    ∂t
    + u ∂w
    ∂x
    + v ∂w
    ∂y
    + w ∂w
    ∂z
    ) = − ∂z
    + ρ g z + μ ( ∂x2
    + ∂y 2
    + ∂z 2
    )

    Assumptions
    ● Steady and Incompressible 2D Flow
    ● Velocity at the surface of the wall is zero
    ● Acceleration due to gravity is ignored
    ● Flow over an infinitesimally thin flat plate
    ● Constant density( ρ ) and viscosity( μ )

    Here, We are solving Continuity and Navier-Stokes equations using above all assumptions, like
    for Steady and Incompressible 2D Flow, ​w 0 ​; ∂t∂ 0 ; ∂z∂ 0

    ∂u ∂v
    ∂t , ∂t , ∂w
    ∂t 0 ​(Steady Flow)
    ∂w ∂w ∂w
    ∂x , ∂y , ∂z 0 ​(2D Flow, w 0)

    ∂2 w ∂ 2 w ∂ 2 w
    ∂x2 , ∂y 2 , ∂z 2 0​ (2D Flow, w 0)

    ∂u ∂v
    ∂z , ∂z 0​ (2D Flow, w 0)
    ∂u ∂v ∂w
    ∂x + ∂y 0​ (continuity equation after​ ∂z =0)

    ρg x , ρg y , ρg z 0 ​(Acceleration due to gravity is ignored)

    We get,

    ∂u ∂v
    ∂x + ∂y =0
    2 μ
    u ∂u ∂u ∂ u
    ∂x + v ∂y = ν ∂y 2 ( ​Where, ν= ρ )

    ∂p
    Note that the substitution of the term − 1ρ ∂x in the original boundary layer momentum
    dU
    equation in terms of the free stream velocity produces U ∞ dx∞ which is equal to zero because
    of U(x) = Constant. Hence the governing does not contain any pressure-gradient term.

    Now applying boundary condition,


    y=0,
    u=0 (No-Slip)
    v=0 (Incompressible)
    y ∞
    u = U∞
    x=0,
    u = U∞
    y
    Now, we can think of Uu to be normalized by δ(x) (Where δ is a function of x)
    ∞
    y
    F’( η )​= Uu and η = δ(x)
    ∞
    Now solving it with continuity equation and Navier-Stoke equations, we get,

    F’’’+ Vνδ dδ
    dx FF’’=0

    V δ dδ
    ν dx =​C(Constant) because F is a function of η only.

    F’’’+ c FF’’=0
    δ (x) = √ Uνx
    ∞
    δ BL 4.91
    x = √Rex
    U
    τ w = 0.332μU √ νx

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